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GSM BSS

2G/3G Interoperability
Feature Parameter Description

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GSM BSS
2G/3G Interoperability Contents

Contents
1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Scope........................................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Intended Audience........................................................................................................................ 1-1
1.3 Change History............................................................................................................................ 1-1

2 Overview......................................................................................................................................2-1
3 Measurement of Neighboring UMTS Cells..........................................................................3-1
4 Common Measurements and Information Exchange Based on Iur-g..............................4-1
4.1 Introduction to Iur-g Interface....................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Common Measurement................................................................................................................ 4-2
4.3 Information Exchange.................................................................................................................. 4-3

5 2G/3G Inter-RAT Cell Reselection.........................................................................................5-1


5.1 Inter-RAT Cell Reselection from UMTS to GSM...........................................................................5-1
5.2 Inter-RAT Cell Reselection from GSM to UMTS...........................................................................5-1
5.3 Fast 3G Reselection at 2G CS Call Release................................................................................5-2
5.4 NACC and NC2............................................................................................................................ 5-4

6 2G/3G Inter-RAT Handover.....................................................................................................6-1


6.1 Inter-RAT Handover from UMTS to GSM.....................................................................................6-1
6.2 Inter-RAT Handover from GSM to UMTS.....................................................................................6-1
6.3 2G/3G Service Distribution and Load Balancing in Access State.................................................6-2
6.4 Inter-RAT Load-based Handover in Connect State......................................................................6-3

7 Engineering Guidelines............................................................................................................7-1
8 Parameters...................................................................................................................................8-1
9 Counters.......................................................................................................................................9-1
10 Glossary...................................................................................................................................10-1
11 Reference Documents............................................................................................................11-1

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GSM BSS
2G/3G Interoperability IntroductionIntroduction

1 Introduction
1.1 Scope
This document describes the 2G/3G interoperability feature of Huawei GBSS. It covers the functions of
and technologies related to this feature, including measurement of neighboring 3G cells, inter-RAT cell
reselection, and inter-RAT handover.
The feature involved is GBFD-114301 GSM / WCDMA Interoperability.

1.2 Intended Audience


It is assumed that users of this document are familiar with GSM basics and have a working knowledge
of GSM telecommunication.
This document is intended for:
 Personnel working on Huawei GSM products or systems
 System operators who need a general understanding of this feature

1.3 Change History


The change history provides information on the changes made to the 2G/3G Interoperability feature in
different document versions.
There are two types of changes, which are defined as follows:
 Feature change
Feature change refers to the change in the 2G/3G Interoperability feature of a specific product
version.
 Editorial change
Editorial change refers to the change in wording or the addition of the information that was not
described in the earlier version.

Document Issues
The document issues are as follows:
 01 (2010-06-30)
 Draft (2010-03-30)

01 (2010-6-30)
This is the first release of GBSS12.0.
Compared with issue Draft (2010-03-30) of GBSS12.0, issue 01 (2010-06-30) of GBSS12.0
incorporates the changes described in the following table.

Change Type Change Description Parameter Change


Feature None. None.
change

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GSM BSS
IntroductionIntroduction 2G/3G Interoperability

Editorial Parameters are presented in the None.


change form of Parameter ID instead of
Parameter Name.

Draft (2010-03-30)
This is the draft release of GBSS12.0.

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GSM BSS
2G/3G Interoperability OverviewOverview

2 Overview
The UMTS network and the GSM network will coexist and provide services together for a long time.
Therefore, 2G/3G interoperability is introduced into the BSS. The 2G/3G interoperability involves inter-
RAT handover and inter-RAT cell reselection between GSM and UMTS.
Through 2G/3G interoperability, a smooth evolution from GSM to UMTS can be achieved, thus reducing
the CAPEX of operators. For the operator that has both the UMTS network and the GSM network,
2G/3G interoperability can be performed to make the GSM network and the UMTS network work as a
supplement to each other, thus expanding the network coverage and improving the service quality. For
example, when a dual-mode MS moves to an area without UMTS coverage, it can reselect or be
handed over to a GSM cell through 2G/3G interoperability. This improves the user experience.
For the areas covered by both the GSM network and the UMTS network, 2G/3G interoperability can be
performed to achieve traffic balance between the GSM and the UMTS. For example, when the traffic
load on a GSM cell is too high, 2G/3G interoperability can be performed to switch some calls in the
GSM cell to a UMTS cell.
With 2G/3G interoperability, the access policy for the GSM network can be different from that for the
UMTS network in the areas covered by both the GSM network and the UMTS network. For example,
the GSM network can be preferentially selected by CS services and similarly the UMTS network by PS
services. In this way, the advantages of both networks can be achieved.

All the MSs involved in this feature refer to dual-mode MSs.

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GSM BSS Measurement of Neighboring UMTS CellsMeasure
2G/3G Interoperability ment of Neighboring UMTS Cells

3 Measurement of Neighboring UMTS Cells


The system information contains the neighboring UMTS cell list and UMTS cell reselection parameters,
based on which the MS measures the neighboring cell information and performs cell reselection and
handover. The system information refers to System Information 2ter, System Information 2Quater, and
Measurement Information. System Information 2ter and System Information 2Quater are sent on the
BCCH, and Measurement Information is sent on the SACCH. The parameter Send2QuterFlag controls
whether System Information 2Quater should be sent.
The MSs in a GSM cell measure the information of both neighboring GSM cells and neighboring UMTS
cells. To reduce unnecessary measurements and save power consumption of MSs, the BSS controls
the neighboring cell measurement of MSs through parameters. The MSs in idle mode or packet transfer
mode can perform inter-RAT cell reselection. The MSs in dedicated mode can perform inter-RAT
handover. Operators can set measurement parameters to different values for the MSs in different
states.
The MSs in idle mode determine whether to measure the information of neighboring UMTS cells
according to QI and the receive level of the serving cell. The conditions for triggering the measurement
differ with the value of QI.
 If the value of QI ranges from 0 to 6, the measurement is triggered when the receive level of the
serving cell is lower than the value of QI.
 If the value of QI ranges from 8 to 14, the measurement is triggered when the receive level of the
serving cell is higher than the value of QI.
 If the value of QI is 7, the MSs always measure the neighboring UMTS cell information regardless of
the receive level of the serving cell.
 If the value of QI is 15, the MSs never measure the neighboring UMTS cell information regardless of
the receive level of the serving cell.
The MSs in packet transfer mode determine whether to measure the information of neighboring UMTS
cells according to QP and the receive level of the serving cell. The conditions for triggering the
measurement differ with the value of QP.
 If the value of QP ranges from 0 to 6, the measurement is triggered when the receive level of the
serving cell is lower than the value of QP.
 If the value of QP ranges from 8 to 14, the measurement is triggered when the receive level of the
serving cell is higher than the value of QP.
 If the value of QP is 7, the MSs always measure the neighboring UMTS cell information regardless of
the receive level of the serving cell.
 If the value of QP is 15, the MSs never measure the neighboring UMTS cell information regardless of
the receive level of the serving cell.
The MSs in dedicated mode determine whether to measure the information of neighboring UMTS cells
according to QSEARCHC and the receive level of the serving cell. The conditions for triggering the
measurement differ with the value of QSEARCHC.
 If the value of QSEARCHC is between 0 and 6, the measurement is triggered when the receive level
of the serving cell is lower than the value of QSEARCHC.
 If the value of QSEARCHC is between 8 and 14, the measurement is triggered when the receive
level of the serving cell is higher than the value of QSEARCHC.
 If the value of QSEARCHC is 7, the MSs always measure the neighboring UMTS cell information
regardless of the receive level of the serving cell.

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Measurement of Neighboring UMTS CellsMeasure GSM BSS
ment of Neighboring UMTS Cells 2G/3G Interoperability

 If the value of QSEARCHC is 15, the MSs never measure the neighboring UMTS cell information
regardless of the receive level of the serving cell.
QSEARCHC is contained in the Measurement Information. After entering the dedicated mode, MSs try
to obtain the QSEARCHC from the Measurement Information transmitted on the SACCH. Before
QSEARCHC is obtained, MSs take the value of QCI that is transmitted on the BCCH as the value of
QSEARCHC.

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Common Measurements and Information Exchange
GSM BSS Based on Iur-gCommon Measurements and
2G/3G Interoperability Information Exchange Based on Iur-g

4 Common Measurements and Information Exchange


Based on Iur-g
4.1 Introduction to Iur-g Interface
The load information exchanged between 2G and 3G networks is carried in the information elements
(IEs) of the handover procedures over the A and Iu interfaces. In this case, unnecessary handover
attempts cannot be avoided.
With the development of 3GPP specifications, the Iur-g interface between the RNC and the BSC is
used to achieve common measurement and information exchange between 2G and 3G networks. This
simplifies the 2G/3G interoperability procedures, reduces the delay caused by handovers, and improves
the handover success rate.
Figure 4-1 shows the position of the Iur-g interface in the network architecture.
Figure 1.1 Position of the Iur-g interface in the network architecture

CN

A/Gb Iu Iu

Iur-g Iur

BSC RNC RNC

Figure 4-2 shows the protocol stack defined in 3GPP specifications for the Iur-g interface.

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Common Measurements and Information Exchange
Based on Iur-gCommon Measurements and GSM BSS
Information Exchange Based on Iur-g 2G/3G Interoperability

Figure 1.2 Protocol stack defined for the Iur-g interface

Radio Control Plane


Network
Layer RNSAP

Transport
Layer Transport Network Transport Network
User Plane Control Plane

SCCP

MTP3-B M3UA M3UA


SSCF-NNI SCTP SCTP
SSCOP IP
IP
AAL5

ATM DATA LINK

Physical Layer

Note that the Iur-g interface has the control plane but does not have the user plane. The Iur-g interface
uses IP transmission.

4.2 Common Measurement


The common measurement is based on the Iur-g interface. The procedures of the common
measurement are performed through connection-oriented signaling.
The source BSC/RNC sends a COMMON MEASUREMENT INITIATION REQUEST message to the
target RNC/BSC to initialize the common measurement procedure. Through this message, the source
BSC/RNC requests the target RNC/BSC to periodically report the load information about neighboring
cells. If the target RNC/BSC supports the common measurement procedure, it responds with a
COMMON MEASUREMENT INITIATION RESPOSE message. Figure 4-3 shows the successful
common measurement initialization procedure.
Figure 1.3 Successful common measurement initialization
SBSC/SRNC TRNC/TBSC

COMMON MEASUREMENT
INITIATION REQUEST

COMMON MEASUREMENT
INITIATION RESPOSE

If the target RNC/BSC does not support the common measurement procedure, it responds with a
COMMON MEASUREMENT INITIATION FAILURE message. Figure 4-4 shows the failed common
measurement initialization procedure.

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Common Measurements and Information Exchange
GSM BSS Based on Iur-gCommon Measurements and
2G/3G Interoperability Information Exchange Based on Iur-g

Figure 1.4 Failed common measurement initialization

After a common measurement is successfully initialized, the target RNC/BSC periodically sends
COMMON MEASUREMENT REPORT messages to the source BSC/RNC to report the load information
about neighboring cells. Figure 4-5 shows the common measurement reporting procedure.
Figure 1.5 Common measurement reporting procedure

If a neighboring cell is faulty, blocked, removed, or deactivated, the target RNC/BSC sends a COMMON
MEASUREMENT FAILURE INDICATION message to the source BSC/RNC, notifying the source
BSC/RNC that the common measurement procedure has failed and has to be terminated. Figure 4-6
shows the failed common measurement.
Figure 1.6 Failed common measurement

4.3 Information Exchange


The information exchange procedure is based on the Iur-g interface, performed through connection-
oriented signaling.
During a common measurement procedure, information is transmitted between 2G and 3G networks
through the Iur-g interface. Such information includes the load information about 2G and 3G cells, inter-
RAT CS service handover support flag of a 2G cell, and inter-RAT PS service handover support flag of
a 2G cell.
 Load information about 2G or 3G cells
A cell can be in three load states: normal, basic congestion, or overload congestion. Table 4-1
describes the rules for determining the load states of 2G cells.

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Common Measurements and Information Exchange
Based on Iur-gCommon Measurements and GSM BSS
Information Exchange Based on Iur-g 2G/3G Interoperability

Table 6.1 Rules for determining the load states of 2G cells


Transmissio If… Then the Load State
n Direction of the Cell Is…
Uplink Uplink load < UlLdrThrd2GCell Normal
UlLdrThrd2GCell ≤ Uplink load < Basic congestion
UlOlcThrd2GCell
Uplink load ≥ UlOlcThrd2GCell Overload congestion
Downlink Downlink load < DlLdrThrd2GCell Normal
DlLdrThrd2GCell ≤ Downlink load < Basic congestion
DlOlcThrd2GCell
Downlink load ≥ DlOlcThrd2GCell Overload congestion

 Inter-RAT CS service handover support flag of a 2G cell


When the TCH usage of a 2G cell is greater than or equal to the value of the
InterRatCsServiceLoadHoThrd parameter or the INTERRATINBSCHOEN parameter is set to
NO(No), the inter-RAT CS service handover support flag is No for a 2G cell. That is, the CS services
in 3G cells are not allowed to be handed over to 2G cells.
When the INTERRATINBSCHOEN parameter is set to YES(Yes) and the TCH usage of a 2G cell is
smaller than the value of the InterRatCsServiceLoadHoThrd parameter, the inter-RAT CS service
handover support flag is Yes for a 2G cell. That is, the CS services in 3G cells are allowed to be
handed over to 2G cells.
 Inter-RAT PS service handover support flag of a 2G cell
When the TBF multiplexing rate of s 2G cell is lower than the value of the LOADRESELRXTHRSH
parameter, the inter-RAT PS service handover support flag is Yes for a 2G cell. That is, the PS
services in 3G cells are allowed to be handed over to 2G cells. Otherwise, the PS services in 3G cells
are not allowed to be handed over to 2G cells.

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GSM BSS 2G/3G Inter-RAT Cell Reselection2G/3G Inter-RAT
2G/3G Interoperability Cell Reselection

5 2G/3G Inter-RAT Cell Reselection


2G/3G inter-RAT cell reselection involves the cell reselection from GSM to UMTS and the cell
reselection from UMTS to GSM. Cell reselection is performed mainly by the MS.
The following describes the feature GBFD-114323 GSM and UMTS Cell Reselection Based on MS
State.
For MSs in idle mode, cell reselection is mainly performed to implement 2G/3G interoperability. A dual-
mode MS camping on a GSM cell can reselect a UMTS cell. It measures the information of the
neighboring UMTS cell, and then decides whether to reselect the UMTS cell according to cell
reselection parameters.
For MSs in packet transfer mode, they can reselect a UMTS cell for data services through autonomous
cell reselection, Network Assisted Cell Change (NACC), or Network Control Mode 2 (NC2). The cell
reselection procedure in packet transfer mode is the same as that in idle mode. The autonomous cell
reselection is performed by the MS without the intervention of the network. In NACC and NC2, the
network affects the cell reselection through signaling so that the MS will camp on the desired cell.
The parameter INTERRATCELLRESELEN determines whether cell reselection between GSM and
UMTS is enabled. When INTERRATCELLRESELEN is set to No, the BSS does not send the
neighboring UMTS cell list and the parameters related to 2G/3G inter-RAT cell reselection. In this way,
MSs in a GSM cell cannot select a UMTS cell.

5.1 Inter-RAT Cell Reselection from UMTS to GSM


When an MS moves into the GSM coverage area and reselects a GSM cell, the MS initiates the
location update in the GSM network. The GSM network handles the location update regardless of
whether the MS is from a UMTS cell or a GSM cell.
For the BSS, the cell reselection procedure from UMTS to GSM is the same as that between GSM
cells. Thus, it is not repeated in this document.

5.2 Inter-RAT Cell Reselection from GSM to UMTS


The MSs in a GSM cell obtain the neighboring UMTS cell list and cell reselection parameters through
System Information 2ter and System Information 2Quater, and then measures the neighboring UMTS
cells according to the list and parameters. When the MS is in idle mode or packet transfer mode, the
mechanism of cell reselection from the GSM cell to the UMTS cell is the same as that between GSM
cells. In the GSM network, inter-RAT cell reselection from GSM to UMTS is controlled by FDDQOFF
and FDDQMIN.
The MS obtains the lowest receive quality for reselecting a candidate UMTS cell through FDDQMIN
and FDDQMINOFFSET. FDDQMIN and FDDQMINOFFSET do not determine the cell reselection from
GSM to UMTS directly but guarantee the signal quality of the candidate UMTS cell. FDDQMIN is the
minimum threshold for Ec/No for UTRAN FDD cell re-selection. If FDDQMIN is set to a higher value,
the cell reselection is less likely to occur. If FDDQMIN is set to a lower value, the cell reselection is
more likely to occur. FDDQMINOFFSET is the offset of the minimum threshold for Ec/No during an
FDD cell reselection.
FDDQOFF refers to the signal strength difference between the candidate UMTS cell and the serving
GSM cell. This parameter is a key factor for controlling the cell reselection from GSM to UMTS. When
FDDQOFF is set to a small value, the cell reselection condition is easy to meet. In this way, the number
of MSs that camp on the GSM cell is reduced. When FDDQOFF is set to a great value, the cell
reselection condition is difficult to meet. In this way, the number of MSs that camp on the GSM cell is
increased.

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2G/3G Inter-RAT Cell Reselection2G/3G Inter-RAT GSM BSS
Cell Reselection 2G/3G Interoperability

FDDRSCPMIN is the minimum level threshold of UTRAN cell reselection. During the cell reselection
decision from a GSM cell to an FDD cell. this parameter is used to calculate the FDD_RSCP_threshold
of the target cell.
If FDD_RSCPmin is broadcast on the serving cell, FDD_RSCP_threshold = FDD_RSCPmin –
min((P_MAX – 21 dBm), 3 dB).
If FDD_RSCPmin is not broadcast on the serving cell, Qrxlevmin and Pcompensation are available,
FDD_RSCP_threshold = Qrxlevmin + Pcompensation + 10 dB.
If FDD_RSCPmin is not broadcast on the serving cell, Qrxlevmin and Pcompensation are not available,
the default value of FDDRSCPMIN is used.
- P_MAX is the maximum RF output power of the MS (dBm) in UTRAN FDD mode.

- Qrxlevmin is the minimum required RX level in the UTRAN FDD cell (dBm).

- Pcompensation is max(UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH – P_MAX, 0) (dB).

- UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH is the maximum TX power level an MS may use when accessing the
UTRAN FDD cell on RACH (dBm).

For the UMTS FDD cell, the measurement quantities to be used are Ec/No of the Common Pilot
Channel (CPICH) and Received Signal Code Power (RSCP) of the CPICH. If the measurement result
meets the following conditions within five seconds, the MS initiates the cell reselection from GSM to
UMTS. If there is more than one UMTS cell that meets the conditions, the MS selects a cell with the
highest RSCP as the target cell.

CPICH RSCP > RLA_C + FDDQOFF

CPICH Ec/No >= FDDQMIN – FDDQMINOFFSET

CPICH RSCP >= FDD_RSCP_threshold

Ec/No means the ratio of energy per modulating bit to the noise spectral density, which is a term in UMTS. It is equivalent
to C/I in GSM.
Here, RLA_C refers to the average receive level. The RSCP of the neighboring UMTS cell must be greater
than the sum of the value of FDDQOFF and the average receive level of the serving cell. In addition, the
RSCP of the neighboring UMTS cell must be FDDQOFF greater than the receive level of every GSM
neighboring cell.

The inter-RAT cell reselection from GSM to UMTS cannot be triggered five seconds within the cell
reselection from the UMTS to the GSM. If the inter-RAT cell reselection from GSM to UMTS is triggered
15 seconds within the cell reselection from UMTS to GSM, the value of FDDQOFF must be increased
by five dB.
If both the reselection condition from GSM to UMTS and the reselection condition between GSM cells
are met, the MS selects the UMTS cell as the target cell.

5.3 Fast 3G Reselection at 2G CS Call Release


Overview
This section describes the feature GBFD-114325 Fast UMTS Reselection at GSM CS Call Release.
Normally, after an MS terminates a call in a GSM cell, it camps on the GSM cell. When a neighboring
UMTS cell meets the requirements for cell reselection, the MS camps on the UMTS cell after the cell
reselection. Before initiating the UMTS cell reselection, the MS must receive system information and

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GSM BSS 2G/3G Inter-RAT Cell Reselection2G/3G Inter-RAT
2G/3G Interoperability Cell Reselection

calculate cell reselection parameters. When the Fast 3G Reselection at 2G CS Call Release feature is
activated, the BSS determines the best neighboring UMTS cell based on the measurement information
on the neighboring UMTS cells after the call termination in a GSM cell. Then, the BSS sends the
frequency information on the neighboring UMTS cell through a Channel Release message to the MS to
instruct it to camp on the UMTS cell. In this way, the MS camps on a UMTS cell without calculating cell
reselection parameters, thus accelerating cell reselection. In addition, the MS camps on the UMTS cell
for a longer period, thus increasing the revenue of operators in the UMTS network.
This feature is activated when CELLSELECTAFTERCALLREL is set to YES.

A UMTS cell is classified into the UTRAN FDD cell and the UTRAN TDD cell.

Procedure
Take the case of call termination by the MS as an example. Figure 5-1 shows the cell reselection
procedure.
Figure 1.1 Cell reselection procedure

1. After receiving the Release Complete message from the MS, the MSC sends a Clear Command
message to the BSC, instructing the BSC to instruct the BSC to release the occupied resources on
the A and Um interfaces.
2. The BSC sends a Channel Release message to the MS to instruct the MS to release the TCH or
SDCCH on the Um interface. The Channel Release message may carry the information element
"Cell selection indicator after release of all TCH and SDCCH", which contains the information on the
target neighboring UMTS cell.
3. After receiving the Channel Release message, the MS disconnects the uplink signaling link. Then,
the MS sends a DISC frame to the BTS to instruct the BTS to release the TCH or SDCCH.
4. After receiving the UA message, the MS switches to idle mode and initiates cell reselection.
If... Then...

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2G/3G Inter-RAT Cell Reselection2G/3G Inter-RAT GSM BSS
Cell Reselection 2G/3G Interoperability

The Channel Release message contains The MS attempts to camp on the cell
the information element "Cell selection indicated in the Channel Release
indicator after release of all TCH and message.
SDCCH",
The Channel Release message does not The MS attempts to camp on the cell
contain the information element "Cell where the TCH or SDCCH is already
selection indicator after release of all TCH released.
and SDCCH",

5. If step 4 fails, the MS performs the normal cell reselection procedure. For details on the normal cell
reselection procedure, see 5.2 Inter-RAT Cell Reselection from GSM to UMTS.
Before sending the Channel Release message, the BSC determines whether to carry the information
element "Cell selection indicator after release of all TCH and SDCCH" in the message.
1. If CELLSELECTAFTERCALLREL is set to YES, the procedure proceeds to 2. Otherwise, the
procedure is complete, and the BSC sends the Channel Release message to the MS. The message
does not carry the information element "Cell selection indicator after release of all TCH and
SDCCH".
2. The BSC determines whether an MS supports both GSM and UMTS through the classmark. If the
classmark does not indicate the MS capability of supporting the GSM/UMTS, the procedure
proceeds to 3. Otherwise, the procedure is completed, and the BSC sends the Channel Release
message to the MS. The message does not carry the information element "Cell selection indicator
after release of all TCH and SDCCH".
3. The BSC figures out the best neighboring UMTS cell based on the related measurement report, and
then the procedure proceeds to 4. If there is no measurement report or the measurement report
does not contain the information on the neighboring UMTS cell, the procedure is complete, and the
BSC sends the Channel Release message to the MS. The message does not carry the information
element "Cell selection indicator after release of all TCH and SDCCH".
4. If the measurement report indicates a neighboring UMTS FDD cell, Cell Selection Indicator is set to
UTRAN FDD Description. If the measurement report indicates a neighboring UTRAN TDD cell, Cell
Selection Indicator is set to UTRAN TDD Description, and the procedure is complete. Meanwhile,
the BSC sends the Channel Release message to the MS. The message contains the information
element "Cell selection indicator after release of all TCH and SDCCH".

5.4 NACC and NC2


When MS is in packet transfer mode, NACC and NC2 can be performed for inter-RAT cell reselection.
If the Iur-g interface exists between the BSC and RNC, the UMTS-to-GSM NACC procedure is an
optimized NACC procedure. In this case, the MS obtains the SI of the target cell directly over the Iur-g
interface.
For details, see NACC Parameter Description and NC2 Parameter Description.

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GSM BSS 2G/3G Inter-RAT Handover2G/3G Inter-RAT
2G/3G Interoperability Handover

6 2G/3G Inter-RAT Handover


2G/3G inter-RAT handover involves the handover from GSM to UMTS and the handover from UMTS to
GSM. The handover is controlled mainly by the network.
For MSs in dedicated mode, cell reselection is mainly performed to implement inter-RAT handover,
including emergency handover, better cell handover, inter-RAT load handover, and inter-RAT service
handover.
Emergency handover refers to the handover that is triggered when the call cannot be processed in the
serving cell due to poor coverage or other reasons during the CS service of the dual-mode MS. For
example, when an MS making a call in the GSM cell is moving outside the cell, the emergency
handover is triggered to avoid call drops.
Better cell handover refers to the handover that is triggered when the signal quality of the neighboring
cell is better than that of the serving cell, so that better service quality and user experience can be
achieved. For example, when the signal quality of a UMTS cell is better than that of the serving GSM
cell, MSs in the serving cell can be handed over to the UMTS cell to achieve higher voice quality.
Inter-RAT load handover refers to the handover wherein parts of the calls in the GSM serving cell are
handed over to a UMTS cell or parts of the calls in the UMTS serving cell are handed over to a GSM
cell due to high load on the serving cell. For an incoming inter-RAT handover to a GSM cell, if the traffic
load on the target GSM cell is also high, the target cell rejects the handover to avoid ping-pong
handovers.
In the inter-RAT service handover, the operator can choose the network that the MS will access through
the MSC. For a call initiating access request in a GSM cell, if the MSC indicates that the service
handover should be performed, the BSS hands over the call to the UMTS cell. If the MSC indicates that
call should not be handed over to a UMTS call, the BSS does not hand over the call to a UMTS cell
when a handover is needed during the call.

6.1 Inter-RAT Handover from UMTS to GSM


MSs in dedicated mode can be handed over from a UMTS cell to a GSM cell. The handover decision
and handover procedure are controlled by the RNC. The BSS considers the incoming handover from
UMTS to GSM as a general inter-BSC handover.
The parameter INTERRATINBSCHOEN determines whether inter-RAT handover from UMTS to GSM is
enabled. If INTERRATINBSCHOEN is set to No, the BSS rejects all the requests for the handover from
UMTS to GSM.

6.2 Inter-RAT Handover from GSM to UMTS


The parameter INTERRATOUTBSCHOEN determines whether inter-RAT handover from GSM to
UMTS is enabled. If INTERRATOUTBSCHOEN is set to NO(No), the BSS rejects all the requests for
the handover from GSM to UMTS and does not take the UMTS cell as a target cell.
In dedicated mode, the MS obtains the neighboring UMTS cell list and other information from
Measurement Information. Then, the MS reports the measurement result to the BSS through the
measurement report. After receiving the measurement result, the BSS determines whether to initiate
the inter-RAT handover from GSM to UMTS based on the measurement result and the handover
algorithm.
The inter-RAT handover from GSM to UMTS can be classified into emergency handover and better 3G
cell handover. The algorithm for the emergency handover from GSM to UMTS is the same as that for
the general emergency handover. For details, see Handover Parameter Description.

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2G/3G Inter-RAT Handover2G/3G Inter-RAT GSM BSS
Handover 2G/3G Interoperability

In the GSM network, the parameter HOOPTSEL determines whether the GSM cell or the UMTS cell is
preferentially selected as the target cell.
 When HOOPTSEL is set to Pre_2G_Cell(Preference for 2G cell), the BSC preferentially selects a
GSM cell as the target cell.
 When HOOPTSEL is set to Pre_3G_Cell(Preference for 3G cell), the BSC preferentially selects a
UMTS cell as the target cell.
 If HOOPTSEL is set to Pre_2G_CellThres(Preference 2G cell by thresh), the BSC determines the
target cell according to the levels of the neighboring GSM cells and the value of HOPRETH2G. If no
neighboring GSM cell has a level higher than HOPRETH2G, the BSC selects a UMTS cell as the
target cell.
Better 3G cell handover can be performed only when both INTERRATOUTBSCHOEN and
BET3GHOEN are set to YES(Yes). As the measurement result of the UMTS cell can be reported
through RSCP or Ec/No, the ways for handover decision differ accordingly.
 When the value of FDDREP is RSCP(RSCP), the better 3G cell handover is triggered if the following
condition is met for the period specified by HODURT3G within HOSTAT3G.
CPICH RSCP > HORSCPTH3G
 When the value of FDDREP is Ec/N0, the better 3G cell handover is triggered if the following
condition is met for the period specified by HODURT3G within HOSTAT3G.
CPICH Ec/No > HOECNOTH3G

6.3 2G/3G Service Distribution and Load Balancing in Access


State
Overview
With the co-existence of 2G and 3G networks, operators can provide more diversified services. The
QoS-based service distribution feature is introduced to optimize the utilization of resources in 2G and
3G networks. For example, voice services and low-rate data services are distributed to the 2G network,
whereas high-rate data services are distributed to the 3G network to achieve high peak throughput.
In addition, in the case of co-existence of 2G and 3G networks, the traffic load in the two networks is
different. The 2G/3G load balancing feature is introduced to balance the load between the two
networks. In this manner, the system capacity is increased, but there is no impact of high load on the
system, and the 2G/3G network resources are efficiently used (GBFD-114321 GSM and WCDMA
Service Based Handover).
When an MS accesses the network through a 2G cell, the BSC hands over the MS (a dual-mode MS)
performing high-rate data service to the target 3G cell according to the load in the target 3G cell and
retains the low-rate services in the 2G cell. If the MS accesses the network through a 2G cell and the
2G cell is congested, the BSC redirects the MS to the target 3G cell according to the load in the target
3G cell.

Related Algorithms
When an MS accesses the network through a 2G cell, the BSC selects an inter-RAT handover
algorithm based on the setting of the InterRatServiceLoadHoSwitch parameter, if the
INTERRATOUTBSCHOEN parameter is set to YES(Yes).
 When the InterRatServiceLoadHoSwitch parameter is set to CnService-based(CN Service-
based), the BSC performs different processing based on the setting of the Service Handover IE in
the ASSIGNMENT REQUEST message received from the Core Network (CN). The details are as
follows:

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GSM BSS 2G/3G Inter-RAT Handover2G/3G Inter-RAT
2G/3G Interoperability Handover

− If
the value of the Service Handover IE is Handover to UTRAN or cdma2000 should be
performed, it indicates that the MS should be handed over to a 3G cell. In this case, the BSC
selects a target 3G cell from the list of neighboring cells and starts the handover from 2G to 3G.
− If
the value of the Service Handover IE is Handover to UTRAN or cdma2000 should not be
performed, it indicates that a 2G cell should be preferentially selected as the serving cell. In this
case, the BSC does not start the handover from 2G to 3G. If a handover is required during the call,
a 2G cell is preferentially selected as the target cell.
− If
the value of the Service Handover IE is Handover to UTRAN or cdma2000 shall not be
performed, it indicates that the MS must not be handed over to a 3G cell. In this case, the BSC will
not hand over the MS to a 3G cell, and will select only a 2G cell as the target cell if a handover is
required.
 When the InterRatServiceLoadHoSwitch parameter is set to Service-based(Service-based), the
BSC removes the candidate 3G cells that experience basic congestion in uplink or downlink and
admits the MS to the 2G cell if the MS performs only CS voice services after accessing the network.
 When the InterRatServiceLoadHoSwitch parameter is set to Load-based(Load-based) and the
value of the Service Handover IE is handover to UTRAN or cdma2000 should be performed, the
BSC selects a candidate 3G cell that meets the following condition in both uplink and downlink as the
target cell. The details are as follows:
− G2GLoadAdjustCoeffx Current load in the serving 2G cell – 10 x load in the neighboring 3G cell ≥
10 x G2G3GLdBlcDeltaThrd – 1,000
Then, the BSC selects the best neighboring 3G cell as the target cell and starts the directed retry to the
3G cell. If there is no 3G cell that meets the preceding condition in uplink and downlink, the BSC admits
the MS to the 2G cell.

If there are no candidate 3G cells or if the directed retry to the target 3G cell fails, the BSC starts a reassignment
procedure in a 2G cell.
 When the InterRatServiceLoadHoSwitch parameter is set to Dynamic-based(Dynamic
Service/Load-based), the BSC selects a proper target cell by using the system service distribution
algorithm if the load in the serving cell is in the normal state. If the load in the serving cell is in other
states, the BSC selects a target cell by using the system load balancing algorithm.

6.4 Inter-RAT Load-based Handover in Connect State


Overview
This section describes the feature GBFD-114322 GSM and WCDMA Load Based Handover.
In the case of co-existence of 2G and 3G networks, there is a possibility that a network is congested
due to insufficient resources, whereas the other network has only a light traffic. The inter-RAT load-
based handover in connected state feature is introduced to solve this problem. This feature enables the
efficient use of the resources in 2G and 3G networks and balances the load between 2G and 3G
networks. In this manner, the system capacity is increased, but there is no impact of high load on the
system.

Related Algorithms
When the OutSysLoadHoEn parameter is set to YES(Yes) and the MS or UE supports inter-RAT
handover, an inter-RAT load-based handover in connected state is triggered when the following
conditions are met:
 The CPU usage of the system is smaller than or equal to the value of the SYSFLOWLEV parameter.
 The current load in the serving cell is greater than or equal to the value of the TRIGTHRES
parameter.

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Handover 2G/3G Interoperability

 The value of the Service Handover IE in the ASSIGNMENT REQUEST message received from the
CN is not handover to UTRAN or cdma2000 shall not be performed.
The candidate neighboring 3G cells must meet the following condition:
 G2GLoadAdjustCoeff x Load in the current 2G serving cell – 10 x Load in the neighboring 3G cell ≥
G2G3GLdBlcDeltaThrd – 1,000
 In the case that the FDDREP parameter is set to RSCP(RSCP), the target 3G cell must meet the
following conditions:
− InterRATLoadHoRSCPStart – LOADOFFSET < CPICH RSCP < InterRATLoadHoRSCPStart
− CPICH RSCP > IntRATLoadHORSCPThr
 In the case that the FDDREP parameter is set to EcN0(Ec/N0), the target 3G cell must meet the
following conditions:
− InterRATLoadHoEcNoStart – LOADOFFSET < CPICH Ec/No < InterRATLoadHoEcNoStart
− CPICH Ec/No > IntRATLoadHOEcNoThr
If a candidate neighboring 3G cell does not meet the preceding condition, the neighboring 3G cell is
removed from the list of candidate cells.

If the load information about a neighboring 3G cell is invalid, the neighboring 3G cell is not considered as a candidate
cell.

If there is at least one candidate 3G cell that meets the preceding condition, the BSC selects the best
candidate cell as the target cell.

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GSM BSS
2G/3G Interoperability Engineering GuidelinesEngineering Guidelines

7 Engineering Guidelines
Related Parameters in the System Information
2G/3G interoperability requires the support of MSs. After 2G/3G interoperability is enabled, the early
classmark sending function should be enabled so that MSs will report their support capabilities as soon
as possible. It is recommended that ECSC be set to Yes.
When setting the inter-RAT cell reselection parameters and handover thresholds, take the consistency
between the GSM parameters and UMTS parameters into consideration to avoid ping-pong handovers.
The network can control the cell reselection between GSM and UMTS through related parameters in
the system information. If the MS is preferred to access UMTS when available, you are advised to set
QI to 7, that is, the UMTS cell search is always performed.
The value of FDDQOFF has a great impact on cell reselection. If the MS is preferred to camp on the
UMTS, you are advised to change the value of FDDQOFF so that the actual offset is a negative value.

When the value of FDDQOFF is smaller than 8, the corresponding actual offset is smaller than 0.

Neighboring UMTS Cell Configuration


To enable the 2G/3G interoperability, neighboring UMTS cells must be configured. The UMTS cell can
be configured at the BSS side by adding external 3G cells. One GSM cell can be configured with a
maximum of 64 neighboring UMTS cells. Those cells can work in three frequencies and a maximum of
32 cells can work in the same frequency. If the UMTS cell is a WCDMA cell, set UTRANCELLTYPE to
FDD(FDD).

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GSM BSS
2G/3G Interoperability ParametersParameters

8 Parameters
Table 1.1 Parameter description
Parameter ID NE MML Description
Send2QuterFlag BSC690SET Meaning: This parameter specifies whether
0 OTHSOFTPARA(Optional) the SI Type 3 message contains the
2QUATER indicator.

GUI Value Range: NO(No), YES(Yes)


Actual Value Range: NO, YES
Unit: None
Default Value: YES

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ParametersParameters 2G/3G Interoperability

QI BSC690SET Meaning: This parameter specifies the level


0 GCELLCCUTRANSYS(Opti threshold for cell reselection in idle mode.
onal) In idle mode, if the signal level of the serving
cell is below [0, 7] or above [8, 15], the MS
starts to search for 3G cells. For example, if
this parameter is set to 5 and if the signal
level of the serving cell is lower than 5, the
MS starts to search for 3G cells; if this
parameter is set to 10 and if the signal level
of the serving cell is above 10, then the MS
starts to search for 3G cells.
The values of this parameter correspond to
the following decibel values:
0: -98 dBm
1: -94 dBm
2: -90 dBm
3: -86 dBm
4: -82 dBm
5: -78 dBm
6: -74 dBm
7: (always), that is, the MS keeps searching
for 3G cells
8: -78 dBm
9: -74 dBm
10: -70 dBm
11: -66 dBm
12: -62 dBm
13: -58 dBm
14: -54 dBm
15: Positive infinity(never), that is, the MS
does not search for 3G cells

GUI Value Range: 0~15


Actual Value Range: -98, -94, -90, -86, -82,
-78, -74, (always), -78, -74, -70, -66, -62,
-58, -54, Positive infinity(never)
Unit: None
Default Value: 15

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GSM BSS
2G/3G Interoperability ParametersParameters

QP BSC690SET Meaning: This parameter specifies one


0 GCELLCCUTRANSYS(Opti threshold of the signal level for cell
onal) reselection in packet transfer mode.
In packet transfer mode, if the signal level of
the serving cell is below [0, 7] or above [8,
15], the MS starts to search for 3G cells. For
example, if this parameter is set to 5 and if
the signal level of the serving cell is lower
than 5, the MS starts to search for 3G cells;
if this parameter is set to 10 and if the signal
level of the serving cell is above 10, then the
MS starts to search for 3G cells.
The values of this parameter correspond to
the following decibel values:
0: -98 dBm
1:-94dBm
…...
6: -74 dBm
7: (always)
8: -78 dBm
9:-74dBm
…...
14: -54 dBm

GUI Value Range: 0~15


Actual Value Range: -98, -94, -90, -86, -82,
-78, -74, (always), -78, -74, -70, -66, -62,
-58, -54, Positive infinity(never)
Unit: None
Default Value: 15

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ParametersParameters 2G/3G Interoperability

QSEARCHC BSC690SET Meaning: In connection mode, if the signal


0 GCELLCCUTRANSYS(Opti level is below [0-7] or above [8-15], the MS
onal) starts to search for 3G cells. For example, if
this parameter is set to 5 and if the signal
level of the serving cell is lower than 5, the
MS starts to search for 3G cells; if this
parameter is set to 10 and if the signal level
of the serving cell is above 10, then the MS
starts to search for 3G cells.
0: -98 dBm

1: -94 dBm
...
6: -74 dBm
7: (always)
8: -78 dBm
9: -74 dBm
...
14: -54 dBm
15: Positive infinity (never)

GUI Value Range: 0~15


Actual Value Range: -98, -94, -90, -86, -82,
-78, -74, (always), -78, -74, -70, -66, -62,
-58, -54, Positive infinity(never)
Unit: None
Default Value: 15
QCI BSC690SET Meaning: This parameter specifies the
0 GCELLCCUTRANSYS(Opti threshold of the signal level for cell
onal) reselection in connection mode before
"Qsearch C" is obtained.

GUI Value Range: Use_Qsearch_I(Use


Qsearch_I), Always(Always)
Actual Value Range: Use_Qsearch_I,
Always
Unit: None
Default Value: Use_Qsearch_I
UlLdrThrd2GCell BSC690SET Meaning: When the uplink load of a cell is
0 GCELLHOINTERRATLDB( larger than the value of this parameter and is
Optional) smaller than "2G Cell UL Overload Congest
Thred", the uplink of the cell is in the basic
congestion status.

GUI Value Range: 1~100


Actual Value Range: 1~100
Unit: None
Default Value: 90

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2G/3G Interoperability ParametersParameters

UlOlcThrd2GCell BSC690SET Meaning: When the uplink load of a cell is


0 GCELLHOINTERRATLDB( greater than the value, the uplink of the cell
Optional) is in the overload congestion status.

GUI Value Range: 1~100


Actual Value Range: 1~100
Unit: None
Default Value: 100
DlLdrThrd2GCell BSC690SET Meaning: When the downlink load of a cell is
0 GCELLHOINTERRATLDB( larger than the value of this parameter and is
Optional) smaller than "2G Cell DL Overload Congest
Thred", the downlink of the cell is in the
basic congestion status.

GUI Value Range: 1~100


Actual Value Range: 1~100
Unit: None
Default Value: 90
DlOlcThrd2GCell BSC690SET Meaning: When the downlink load of a cell is
0 GCELLHOINTERRATLDB( greater than the value, the downlink of the
Optional) cell is in the overload congestion status.

GUI Value Range: 1~100


Actual Value Range: 1~100
Unit: None
Default Value: 100
InterRatCsServiceLoa BSC690SET Meaning: Threshold for setting the flag of
dHoThrd 0 GCELLHOINTERRATLDB( accepting inter-RAT CS service handover of
Optional) a 2G cell

GUI Value Range: 1~100


Actual Value Range: 1~100
Unit: None
Default Value: 80
INTERRATINBSCHO BSC690SET Meaning: This parameter specifies whether
EN 0 GCELLHOBASIC(Optional) the handover from 3G cells to 2G cells is
allowed.

GUI Value Range: NO(No), YES(Yes)


Actual Value Range: NO, YES
Unit: None
Default Value: NO
LOADRESELRXTHR BSC690SET Meaning: When the uplink load or downlink
SH 0 GCELLNC2PARA(Optional) load of the target cell is lower than this
threshold, it can accept the MSs from the
serving cell due to load reselection.

GUI Value Range: 0~100


Actual Value Range: 0~100
Unit: %
Default Value: 60

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GSM BSS
ParametersParameters 2G/3G Interoperability

INTERRATCELLRES BSC690SET Meaning: This parameter specifies whether


ELEN 0 GCELLHOBASIC(Optional) the reselection from 2G cells to 3G cells is
allowed.

GUI Value Range: NO(No), YES(Yes)


Actual Value Range: NO, YES
Unit: None
Default Value: NO
FDDQOFF BSC690SET Meaning: This parameter specifies one of
0 GCELLCCUTRANSYS(Opti the thresholds of the signal level for 3G cell
onal) reselection.
A FDD cell becomes a candidate cell if all
the following conditions are met for five
consecutive seconds:
1.Receive level of the FDD cell > Average
receive level of the current serving cell +
"FDD Q offset";
The FDD cell meets the following condition
in the case of any neighboring 2G cell:
Receive level of the FDD cell > Receive
level of any neighboring 2G cell + "FDD Q
offset";
2. Ec/No of the FDD cell > "FDD Qmin" -
"FDD Qmin Offset";
3. Receive level of the FDD cell > "RSCP
Threshold";
If multiple FDD cells meet the preceding
conditions, the MS reselects the cell with the
strongest receive level.
See 3GPP TSs 45.008 and 25.304.
The values of this parameter correspond to
the following decibel values:
0: - (always select a cell if acceptable)
1: -28 dB,
2: -24 dB,
...
15: 28 dB.

GUI Value Range: 0~15


Actual Value Range: Negative infinity,
-28~28, step: 4
Unit: dB
Default Value: 8

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GSM BSS
2G/3G Interoperability ParametersParameters

FDDQMIN BSC690SET Meaning: This parameter specifies one of


0 GCELLCCUTRANSYS(Opti the parameters for FDD cell reselection.
onal) A FDD cell becomes a candidate cell if all
the following conditions are met for five
consecutive seconds:
1.Receive level of the FDD cell > Average
receive level of the current serving cell +
"FDD Q offset";
The FDD cell meets the following condition
in the case of any neighboring 2G cell:
Receive level of the FDD cell > Receive
level of any neighboring 2G cell + "FDD Q
offset";
2. Ec/No of the FDD cell > "FDD Qmin" -
"FDD Qmin Offset";
3. Receive level of the FDD cell > "RSCP
Threshold";
If multiple FDD cells meet the preceding
conditions, the MS reselects the cell with the
strongest receive level.
See 3GPP TSs 45.008 and 25.304.
The values of this parameter correspond to
the following decibel values:
0: -20 dB,
1: -6 dB,
2: -18 dB,
3: -8 dB,
4: -16 dB,
5: -10 dB,
6: -14 dB,
7: -12 dB.

GUI Value Range: 0~7


Actual Value Range: -20, -6, -18, -8, -16,
-10, -14, -12
Unit: dB
Default Value: 0
CELLSELECTAFTER BSC690SET Meaning: This parameter specifies whether
CALLREL 0 GCELLCCAD(Optional) to allow a mobile phone to preferentially
camp on a 3G cell after a call is terminated
in the areas covered by both the GSM
network and the UMTS network.

GUI Value Range: NO(No), YES(Yes)


Actual Value Range: NO, YES
Unit: None
Default Value: NO

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ParametersParameters 2G/3G Interoperability

INTERRATOUTBSCH BSC690SET Meaning: This parameter specifies whether


OEN 0 GCELLHOBASIC(Optional) the handover from 2G cells to 3G cells is
allowed.

GUI Value Range: NO(No), YES(Yes)


Actual Value Range: NO, YES
Unit: None
Default Value: NO
HOOPTSEL BSC690SET Meaning: This parameter specifies whether
0 GCELLHOUTRANFDD(Opti a 2G cell or to a 3G cell is preferentially
onal) selected as the target cell for handover.
When this parameter is set to Pre_2G_Cell,
the BSC preferentially selects a 2G
candidate cell as the target cell for handover.
When this parameter is set to Pre_3G_Cell,
the BSC preferentially selects a 3G
candidate cell as the target cell for handover.
When this parameter is set to
Pre_2G_CellThres, the BSC preferentially
selects a neighboring 3G cell as the
handover target cell if the receive level of the
neighboring 2G cell that ranks the first in the
candidate cell list is equal to or smaller than
"HO Preference Threshold for 2G Cell".
Otherwise, the BSC preferentially selects a
neighboring 2G cell as the handover target
cell.

GUI Value Range: Pre_2G_Cell(Preference


for 2G cell), Pre_3G_Cell(Preference for 3G
cell), Pre_2G_CellThres(Preference 2G cell
by thresh)
Actual Value Range: Pre_2G_Cell,
Pre_3G_Cell, Pre_2G_CellThres
Unit: None
Default Value: Pre_2G_CellThres

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GSM BSS
2G/3G Interoperability ParametersParameters

HOOPTSEL BSC690SET Meaning: This parameter specifies whether


0 GCELLHOUTRANTDD(Opti a 2G cell or to a 3G cell is preferentially
onal) selected as the target cell for handover.
When this parameter is set to Pre_2G_Cell,
the BSC preferentially selects a 2G
candidate cell as the target cell for handover.
When this parameter is set to Pre_3G_Cell,
the BSC preferentially selects a 3G
candidate cell as the target cell for handover.
When this parameter is set to
Pre_2G_CellThres, the BSC preferentially
selects a neighboring 3G cell as the
handover target cell if the receive level of the
neighboring 2G cell that ranks the first in the
candidate cell list is equal to or smaller than
"HO Preference Threshold for 2G Cell".
Otherwise, the BSC preferentially selects a
neighboring 2G cell as the handover target
cell.

GUI Value Range: Pre_2G_Cell(Preference


for 2G cell), Pre_3G_Cell(Preference for 3G
cell), Pre_2G_CellThres(Preference 2G cell
by thresh)
Actual Value Range: Pre_2G_Cell,
Pre_3G_Cell, Pre_2G_CellThres
Unit: None
Default Value: Pre_2G_CellThres
HOPRETH2G BSC690SET Meaning: If the receive level of the
0 GCELLHOUTRANFDD(Opti neighboring 2G cell that ranks the first in the
onal) candidate cell list is equal to or smaller than
this threshold, the BSC preferentially selects
a neighboring 3G cell as the handover
target cell. Otherwise, the BSC preferentially
selects a neighboring 2G cell as the
handover target cell.

GUI Value Range: 0~63


Actual Value Range: 0~63
Unit: dB
Default Value: 25

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GSM BSS
ParametersParameters 2G/3G Interoperability

HOPRETH2G BSC690SET Meaning: If the receive level of the


0 GCELLHOUTRANTDD(Opti neighboring 2G cell that ranks the first in the
onal) candidate cell list is equal to or smaller than
this threshold, the BSC preferentially selects
a neighboring 3G cell as the handover target
cell. Otherwise, the BSC preferentially
selects a neighboring 2G cell as the
handover target cell.

GUI Value Range: 0~63


Actual Value Range: 0~63
Unit: dB
Default Value: 25
BET3GHOEN BSC690SET Meaning: This parameter specifies whether
0 GCELLHOUTRANFDD(Opti to allow 3G better cell handover algorithm.
onal)
GUI Value Range: NO(No), YES(Yes)
Actual Value Range: NO, YES
Unit: None
Default Value: NO
BET3GHOEN BSC690SET Meaning: This parameter specifies whether
0 GCELLHOUTRANTDD(Opti to allow 3G better cell handover algorithm.
onal)
GUI Value Range: NO(No), YES(Yes)
Actual Value Range: NO, YES
Unit: None
Default Value: NO
FDDREP BSC690SET Meaning: This parameter specifies whether
0 GCELLCCUTRANSYS(Opti Ec/No or RSCP is used for the measurement
onal) report on a FDD cell. Ec/No stands for the
signal-to-noise ratio. RSCP stands for the
received signal code power.

GUI Value Range: RSCP(RSCP),


EcN0(Ec/N0)
Actual Value Range: RSCP, EcN0
Unit: None
Default Value: RSCP
HODURT3G BSC690ADD G3GNCELL(Optional) Meaning: According to the P/N rule, if the
0 conditions for the handover to a better 3G
cell are met for P seconds within N seconds,
the handover is triggered.
This parameter specifies the number P.

GUI Value Range: 1~32


Actual Value Range: 0.5~16, step:0.5
Unit: s
Default Value: 8

10 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 01 (2010-06-30)


Copyright © Huawei
Technologies Co., Ltd.
GSM BSS
2G/3G Interoperability ParametersParameters

HOSTAT3G BSC690ADD G3GNCELL(Optional) Meaning: According to the P/N rule, if the


0 conditions for the handover to a better 3G
cell are met in P of N measurement reports,
the handover is triggered.
This parameter specifies the number N.

GUI Value Range: 1~32


Actual Value Range: 0.5~16, step:0.5
Unit: s
Default Value: 10
HORSCPTH3G BSC690SET Meaning: The better 3G cell handover is
0 GCELLHOUTRANFDD(Opti triggered only when the RSCP of a
onal) neighboring 3G cell is greater than this
threshold for a period of time.

GUI Value Range: 0~63


Actual Value Range: 0~63
Unit: dB
Default Value: 50
HORSCPTH3G BSC690SET Meaning: The 3G better cell handover is
0 GCELLHOUTRANTDD(Opti triggered only when the RSCP of a
onal) neighboring 3G cell is greater than this
threshold for a period of time.

GUI Value Range: 0~63


Actual Value Range: 0~63
Unit: dB
Default Value: 50
HOECNOTH3G BSC690SET Meaning: The 3G better cell handover can
0 GCELLHOUTRANFDD(Opti be triggered only when the Ec/No of a
onal) neighboring 3G cell is greater than this
threshold for a period of time.

GUI Value Range: 0~49


Actual Value Range: 0~49
Unit: dB
Default Value: 35

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Copyright © Huawei
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GSM BSS
ParametersParameters 2G/3G Interoperability

InterRatServiceLoadH BSC690SET Meaning: When this parameter is set to


oSwitch 0 GCELLHOINTERRATLDB( Service-based, the inter-RAT handover is
Optional) triggered on the basis of the service
distribution. In this case, the target cell is
selected according to the traffic load.
When this parameter is set to Load-based,
the inter-RAT handover is triggered on the
basis of the load balance. In this case, the
target cell is selected according to the traffic
load on the target cell and the load
difference between 2G and 3G cells.
When this parameter is set to Dynamic
Service/Load based, the target cell is
dynamically selected by using the service-
based algorithm or the load-based algorithm
according to the traffic load on the cell.
When this parameter is set to CN Service-
based, the inter-RAT handover decision is
made on the basis of the service attribute of
the core network.
When this parameter is set to OFF, no inter-
RAT service handover or inter-RAT load
handover in the access state is performed.

GUI Value Range: Service-based(Service-


based), Load-based(Load-based), Dynamic-
based(Dynamic Service/Load-based),
CnService-based(CN Service-based),
OFF(OFF)
Actual Value Range: {0~4}
Unit: None
Default Value: OFF
G2GLoadAdjustCoeff BSC690SET Meaning: Coefficient used to modulate the
0 GCELLHOINTERRATLDB( load level of a 2G system so that the load
Optional) level of the 2G system can be compared
with that of a 3G system.

GUI Value Range: 0~100


Actual Value Range: 0~100
Unit: None
Default Value: 10
G2G3GLdBlcDeltaThr BSC690SET Meaning: If the load balance between a 2G
d 0 OTHSOFTPARA(Optional) cell and a 3G cell is greater than the
threshold, load balance is triggered.

GUI Value Range: 0~200


Actual Value Range: -100~100
Unit: %
Default Value: 110

12 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 01 (2010-06-30)


Copyright © Huawei
Technologies Co., Ltd.
GSM BSS
2G/3G Interoperability ParametersParameters

OutSysLoadHoEn BSC690SET Meaning: This parameter specifies whether


0 GCELLHOINTERRATLDB( to allow the inter-RAT load handover in
Optional) connection mode (after the assignment is
complete).

GUI Value Range: NO(No), YES(Yes)


Actual Value Range: NO, YES
Unit: None
Default Value: NO

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Copyright © Huawei
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GSM BSS
ParametersParameters 2G/3G Interoperability

SYSFLOWLEV BSC690SET Meaning: System flux thresholds correspond


0 GCELLHOAD(Optional) to the system flux obtained based on
message packets, CPU load, and FID
queuing load. The system flux level is the
current flux control level of the system.

0-11: There are 12 flow control levels.


Where, 0 indicates the lowest level and 11
indicates the highest level.

A load handover is allowed only when the


system flux is lower than the value of this
parameter. The handover performed over
the maximum threshold may have
tremendous impacts on the system. Thus,
this parameter should not be set to a higher
value. 1) The flow control level algorithm for
the assigned system messages: [(Average
Message Usage - Inner Flow Control
Discard Begin Threshold)/(Inner Flow
Control Discard All Threshold - Inner Flow
Control Discard Begin Threshold) x
100]/10+1 (round-down for division
operation). If the value is smaller than Inner
Flow Control Discard Begin Threshold, Level
0 is used. If the value is equal to or greater
than Inner Flow Control Discard Begin
Threshold, the level is calculated. The value
range is from 0 to 11.

2) Flow control threshold for the CPU to start


to discard the channel access messages
and paging messages: 80%. Flow control
threshold for the CPU to discard all channel
access messages and paging messages:
100%. CPU usage smaller than 80%
corresponds to level 0. CPU usage equal to
or greater than CPU flow control threshold
80% corresponds to level 2. An increase of
5% means an increase of 2 levels. Level 10
is the highest. The level value can be 0, 2, 4,
6, 8, and 10.

GUI Value Range: 0, 8~11


Actual Value Range: 0, 8~11
Unit: None
Default Value: 10

14 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 01 (2010-06-30)


Copyright © Huawei
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GSM BSS
2G/3G Interoperability ParametersParameters

TRIGTHRES BSC690SET Meaning: The load handover is triggered


0 GCELLHOAD(Optional) when the traffic load in a cell is greater than
the value of this parameter.

GUI Value Range: 0~100


Actual Value Range: 0~100
Unit: None
Default Value: 90
InterRATLoadHoRSC BSC690SET Meaning: Initial RSCP value of the inter-RAT
PStart 0 GCELLHOINTERRATLDB( load-based handover band
Optional)
GUI Value Range: 0~91
Actual Value Range: 0~91
Unit: dB
Default Value: 91
LOADOFFSET BSC690SET Meaning: In the handover algorithm of the
0 GCELLHOAD(Optional) first generation, load handovers can be
performed only when the receive level of the
current serving cell is in the range "Edge HO
DL RX_LEV Threshold" to "Edge HO DL
RX_LEV Threshold" + "Load HO
Bandwidth".
In the handover algorithm of the second
generation, load handovers can be
performed only when the level difference
between the neighboring cell and the serving
cell is between ("Inter-cell HO Hysteresis" -
64) - "Load HO Bandwidth" and ("Inter-cell
HO Hysteresis" - 64).

GUI Value Range: 0~63


Actual Value Range: 0~63
Unit: dB
Default Value: 25
IntRATLoadHORSCP BSC690SET Meaning: Minimum RSCP value of a 3G cell
Thr 0 GCELLHOINTERRATLDB( during the load-based GSM-to-UMTS
Optional) handover

GUI Value Range: 0~91


Actual Value Range: 0~91
Unit: dB
Default Value: 30
InterRATLoadHoEcN BSC690SET Meaning: Initial EcNo value of the inter-RAT
oStart 0 GCELLHOINTERRATLDB( load-based handover band
Optional)
GUI Value Range: 0~49
Actual Value Range: 0~49
Unit: dB
Default Value: 49

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 15


Copyright © Huawei
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GSM BSS
ParametersParameters 2G/3G Interoperability

IntRATLoadHOEcNoT BSC690SET Meaning: Minimum Ec/No value of a 3G cell


hr 0 GCELLHOINTERRATLDB( during the load-based GSM-to-UMTS
Optional) handover

GUI Value Range: 0~49


Actual Value Range: 0~49
Unit: dB
Default Value: 25
ECSC BSC690SET Meaning: The early classmark sending
0 GCELLCCBASIC(Optional) control (ECSC) parameter specifies whether
the MSs in a cell use early classmark
sending. After a successful immediate
assignment, the MS sends additional
classmark information to the network as
early as possible. The additional classmark
information mainly contains the CM3
(classmark 3) information. The CM3
(classmark 3) information contains the
frequency band support capability of the MS
(used for the future channel assignment),
power information about each frequency
band supported by the MS (used for the
handover between different frequency
bands), and encryption capability of the MS.

GUI Value Range: NO(No), YES(Yes)


Actual Value Range: NO, YES
Unit: None
Default Value: YES
UTRANCELLTYPE BSC690ADD Meaning: This parameter specifies the type
0 GEXT3GCELL(Mandatory) of a 3G cell. A cell type can be Frequency
Division Duplex (FDD) or Time Division
Duplex (TDD).

GUI Value Range: FDD(FDD), TDD(TDD)


Actual Value Range: FDD, TDD
Unit: None
Default Value: None

16 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 01 (2010-06-30)


Copyright © Huawei
Technologies Co., Ltd.
GSM BSS
2G/3G Interoperability ParametersParameters

FDDQMINOFFSET BSC690 Meaning: Offset of the minimum threshold


0 for Ec/No during a FDD cell reselection.
A FDD cell becomes a candidate cell if all
the following conditions are met for five
consecutive seconds:
1.Receive level of the FDD cell > Average
receive level of the current serving cell +
"FDD Q offset";
The FDD cell meets the following condition
in the case of any neighboring 2G cell:
Receive level of the FDD cell > Receive
level of any neighboring 2G cell + "FDD Q
offset";
2. Ec/No of the FDD cell > "FDD Qmin" -
"FDD Qmin Offset";
3. Receive level of the FDD cell > "RSCP
Threshold";
If multiple FDD cells meet the preceding
conditions, the MS reselects the cell with the
strongest receive level.
See 3GPP TSs 45.008 and 25.304.

GUI Value Range: 0~7


SET Actual Value Range: 0~7
GCELLCCUTRANSYS(Opti Unit: dB
onal) Default Value: 0

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Copyright © Huawei
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GSM BSS
ParametersParameters 2G/3G Interoperability

FDDRSCPMIN BSC690 Meaning: Minimum level threshold of


0 UTRAN cell reselection. During the cell
reselection decision from a GSM cell to a
FDD cell, this parameter is used to calculate
the RSCP threshold of the target cell.
A FDD cell becomes a candidate cell if all
the following conditions are met for five
consecutive seconds:
1.Receive level of the FDD cell > Average
receive level of the current serving cell +
"FDD Q offset";
The FDD cell meets the following condition
in the case of any neighboring 2G cell:
Receive level of the FDD cell > Receive
level of any neighboring 2G cell + "FDD Q
offset";
2. Ec/No of the FDD cell > "FDD Qmin" -
"FDD Qmin Offset";
3. Receive level of the FDD cell > "RSCP
Threshold";
If multiple FDD cells meet the preceding
conditions, the MS reselects the cell with the
strongest receive level.
See 3GPP TSs 45.008 and 25.304.
The values of this parameter correspond to
the following decibel values:
0 = -114 dBm,
1 = -112 dBm,
2 = -110 dBm,
...
14 = -86 dBm,
15 = -84 dBm.

GUI Value Range: 0~15


SET Actual Value Range: -114~-84, step: 2
GCELLCCUTRANSYS(Opti Unit: dBm
onal) Default Value: 6

18 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 01 (2010-06-30)


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GSM BSS
2G/3G Interoperability CountersCounters

9 Counters
For the counters, see the BSC6900 GSM Performance Counter Reference.

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1


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GSM BSS
2G/3G Interoperability GlossaryGlossary

10 Glossary
For the acronyms, abbreviations, terms, and definitions, see the Glossary.

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1


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Technologies Co., Ltd.
GSM BSS
2G/3G Interoperability Reference DocumentsReference Documents

11 Reference Documents
 3GPP TS 45.008 Radio subsystem link control
 3GPP TS 44.018 Mobile radio interface layer 3 specification; Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol
 3GPP TS 48.008 Mobile Switching Centre - Base Station system (MSC-BSS) interface; Layer 3
specification
 BSC6900 Feature List
 BSC6900 Optional Feature Description
 GBSS Reconfiguration Guide
 BSC6900 GSM Parameter Reference
 BSC6900 GSM MML Command Reference
 BSC6900 GSM Performance Counter Reference

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