THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BASKETBALL THERAPY

TO IMPROVING GROSS MOTOR SKILL

FOR MILD MENTAL RETARDATION

ARTICLE
proposed as the requirements to get Bachelor Degree of Sport Science

by

Taufiq Tri Wibowo

6211413118

DEPARTMENT OF SPORT SCIENCE

FACULTY OF SPORT SCIENCE
SEMARANG STATE UNIVERSITY
2018
 ARTICLE

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BASKETBALL THERAPY

TO IMPROVING GROSS MOTOR SKILL
FOR MILD MENTAL RETARDATION

Prepared and written by

Taufiq Tri Wibowo

6211413118

Approved by

Semarang, 19 April 2018

Supervisor I, Supervisor II,

dr. Anies Setiowati, M.Gizi. Sugiarto, S.Si., M.Sc. AIFM.

NIP 197704132005012003 NIP 198012242006041001
 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BASKETBALL THERAPY
TO IMPROVING GROSS MOTOR SKILL
FOR MILD MENTAL RETARDATION
Taufiq Tri Wibowo*, Anies Setiowati **, Sugiarto **
* Student Department of Sport Science Faculty of Sport Science
Semarang State University
** Lecturer Department of Sport Science Faculty of Sport Science
Semarang State University
*Email: taufiqtri77@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The purpose in this research is to find out the basketball therapy was effective to
improve gross motor skill for Mild Mental Retardation.
The method in this research is quantitative research. The population in this research
is Mild Mental Retardation children grades VIII and IX SLB Negeri Semarang, which
is 25 students. Sampling technique in this research is total sampling, so there are 25
samples in this research and collecting data with test. Tests made in the form of standing
board jump, throwing basketball, and test the accuracy of entering the ball into the
basket that was held before and after treatment is given. I
The result of the research shows that gross motor skills test of standing board jump
0.000< 0.05. throwing basketball got 0.000< 0.05. and test the accuracy of entering the
ball into the basket got 0.000< 0.05.
The conclusion of this research is basketball therapy effective to improving gross
motor skill for Mild Mental Retardation children in SLB Negeri Semarang. Mild
Mental Retardation makes them require special treatment, for a teacher or educator
must be innovate in giving of learning material of motion is very necessary for the
purpose of development of gross motor skill for Mild Mental Retardation children can
be achieved.

Keywords: Basketball Therapy, Gross Motor Skill, and Mild Mental Retardation.
INTRODUCTION
Mild Mental Retardation is a child who has a very low intellectual function
average, lack of adaptive behavior, and occurs in the age of less than 18 years. Mild
Mental Retardation is a type of special children with the limitations of intellectual
function and adaptation, also in aspects of motor development more slowly than
normal children.
Motor development depends on the maturity of muscles and nerves in the sense
that the language of motor movement can not be mastered properly before the
muscle and nerve mechanisms develop. Thus learning motor skills does not occur
before the child arrives. That is, before the nervous system and muscles develop
well, efforts to teach the skilled movement for children will be in vain (Depdiknas,
2008: 29).
According to Imandala (2012: 6), the less normal physical aspect of the child
with mild Mild Mental Retardation results in problems with gross motor skillics
that include locomotor, nonlokomotor, manipulative. Gross motor skill is the
activity of using large muscles, including locomotor, nonlokomotor and
manipulative base motion (Samsudin 2005: 22). To improve the gross motor skill
can be done in various ways, for example with the game. Playing will increase the
physical activity of the child.
Sujono (2010: 117) argues that "physical activity will also increase the sense of
child's curiosity and make children pay attention to things, catch, kick, try, throw
or drop them."
Activities that enhance the development of motor physics can be done through
games with tools or without tools. One of the games that can train and improve
gross motor skill skills is playing basketball. Montoalu (2009: 218).
Freud (Efendi 2006: 105) holds that playing is a way to break free from complex
or detrimental pressures. Through the playing of feelings of being relieved, free,
and meaningful. In addition play can train the child's motor muscles in the body to
work with the maximum.
According to Chusairi (2005: 9) "Play can be used as a therapeutic medium,
because there are several reasons: (1) Playing invites and lets children communicate

2
their feelings effectively becomes a natural thing. (2) Playing allows adults to enter
the world of children and show children that they are respected and accepted. (3)
Observation through play is helpful for understanding children better ".
According to Widati and Murtadlo (2007: 158) that the advantage of throwing
the ball at a distance can encourage creativity, allowing students to discover how
diverse body parts contribute to movement patterns, and enhance self-concept when
students receive positive feedback while forming their response to get maximum
results.

METHODS
The research design is the design of how the research is carried out. The design
used in this research is One Group Pre test-Post test Design. In this design, before
treatment will be given pre test (preliminary test) and at the end of treatment will
be given post test (final test).
The population in this research is a light Mild Mental Retardation student of
Grade VIII and IX SLB Negeri Semarang, which is 25 students. The sample in this
research is the students of class VIII and class IX SLB Negeri Semarang totaling
25 students. Sampling technique used is total sampling that is the technique of
determining the sample by taking all members of the population as respondents or
samples (Sugiyono, 2009). So there are 25 samples in this research. Tests made in
the form of Standing Board Jump, Throwing Basketball, and Test Accuracy insert
the ball into the basket that was held before and after treatment is given.
In Instruments used for measuring gross motor skills, a child with mild Mild
Mental Retardation researchers chose a leap without a test or standing board jump
test, a basketball throw, and a precision test to insert the ball into the basket. To
improve the gross motor of the child with mild Mild Mental Retardation the
researcher chose basketball playing therapy as the treatment of exercise. The
treatment given 16 times that 3 times per weeks.
The prerequisite analysis test used in this research is two things namely
normality test and homogeneity test. There are various tests used for data normality
test, but used in this research is Kolmogorov Smirnov test, decision-making is based

3
if significant more than 0.05 then the data is normally distributed. Homogeneity test
was conducted with the aim to know the equality of two or more variables, while
the homogeneity test used in this research is test of homogeneity of variance levene
statistics. Decision-making is based if the significant value is more than 0.05 then
the data is homogeneous. In this research, the authors used the formula used to
analyze data using SPSS version 24

RESULTS
Table 1 Description Gross Motor Skills Test of Pre Test and Post Test During
16 Times Treatment
Average ± SD
Gross Motor Skills Test
Pre Test Post Test
Standing Board Jump (cm) 167.4 ± 49.2 183.16 ± 48.79
Throwing Basketball (cm) 608.32 ± 114.36 630.6 ± 116.5
Accuracy (score) 1.16 ± 1.02 3.08 ± 0.9
Source: Result of Research, 2017
Based on Table 1 shows that gross motor skills test average of standing board
jump in pre test 167.4 ± 49.2 (cm) and post test 183.16 ± 48.79 (cm). for throwing
basketball in pre test 608.32 ± 114.36 (cm) and post test 630.6 ± 116.5 (cm). for
throwing basketball to the ring (accuracy) in pre test 1.16 ± 1.02 and post test 3.08
± 0.9.
Table 2 Standing Board Jump Pre Test Data
Interval Score Criteria Frequency Percentage
215 < Very Good 4 16%
190 - 215 Good 4 16%
180 - 189 Average 1 4%
160 - 179 Poor 8 32%
159 - 159 Very Poor 8 32%
Total 25 100%
Source: Result of Research, 2017
Based on Table 2 about Pre Test Standing Board Jump results with very good
criteria amounts 4 people with percentage 16%, good criteria amounts 4 people with
percentage 16%, average criteria amount 1 people with percentage 4%, poor criteria

4
amounts 8 people with percentage 32%. and very poor criteria amounts 8 people
with percentage 32%.
Table 3 Throwing Basketball Pre Test Data
Interval Score Criteria Frequency Percentage
734 - 810 Very Good 5 20%
658 - 734 Good 4 16%
582 - 657 Average 5 20%
506 - 581 Poor 7 28%
430 - 505 Very Poor 4 16%
Total 25 100%
Source: Result of Research, 2017
Based on Table 3 about Pre Test Throwing Basketball results with very good
criteria amounts 5 people with percentage 20%, good criteria amounts 4 people with
percentage 16%, average criteria amount 5 people with percentage 20%, poor
criteria amounts 7 people with percentage 28%. and very poor criteria amounts 4
people with percentage 16%.
Table 4 Accuracy Pre Test Data
Score Criteria Frequency Percentage
5 Very Good 0 0%
4 Good 0 0%
3 Average 4 16%
2 Poor 3 12%
1 Very Poor 18 72%
Total 25 100%
Source: Result of Research, 2017
Based on Table 4 about Pre Test Accuracy results with very good criteria
amounts 0 people with percentage 0%, good criteria amounts 0 people with
percentage 0%, average criteria amount 4 people with percentage 16%, poor criteria
amounts 3 people with percentage 12%. and very poor criteria amounts 18 people
with percentage 72%.
Average Difference Test between Pre Test and Post Test Data
Average difference test between pre test and post test or hypothesis test is to
determine whether there is an increase between before and after given basketball
therapy to improve gross motor skills for Mild Mental Retardation. Then the data
obtained from the results of measurement is analyzed using paired sample t-test.

5
The result of average difference test paired sample t-test create probability value
(p) which can be used to prove hypothesis and significant influence is with
hypothesis.
Average difference test between pre test and post test using hypothesis:
Ho : Basketball therapy is not effective to improving gross motor skill for Mild
Mental Retardation children in SLB Negeri Semarang.
Ha : Basketball therapy effective to improving gross motor skill for Mild Mental
Retardation children in SLB Negeri Semarang.
If p>0.05 so Ho accepted and Ha rejected. If p<0.05 so Ho rejected and Ha
accepted.
Table 5 Average Difference Test Gross Motor Skills between Pre Test and
Post Test Data
Average
Gross Motor Skills Test Δ p
Pre Test Post Test
Standing Board Jump (cm) 167.4 183.16 15.76 0.000*
Throwing basketball (cm) 608.32 630.6 22.28 0.000*
Accuracy (score) 1.16 3.08 1.92 0.000*
Source: Result of Research, 2017
Based on Table 5 shows average difference test on gross motor skills. The value
of standing board jump 0.000< 0.05. The value of throwing basketball 0.000< 0.05.
The value of basketball accuracy 0.000< 0.05. So all the data can be concluded that
the data has significant difference from gross motor skills test before and after
giving treatment.
From t-test above shows Ha accepted. It can be concluded that sasketball
therapy effective to improving gross motor skill for Mild Mental Retardation
children in SLB Negeri Semarang.

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 Standing Board Jump
185
183,16

180
Rata-Rata (cm)

175

170
167,4

165

160

155
Pre Test Post Test
Picture 1 Average Standing Board Jump Chart

Lempar Bola Basket

635
630,6
630

625
Rata-Rata (cm)

620

615

610 608,32

605

600

595
Pre Test Post Test
Picture 2 Average Throwing Basketball Chart

7
 Ketepatan
3.5
3,08
3

2.5

2 1,16
Skor

1.5

0.5

0
Pre Test Post Test
Picture 3 Average Accuracy Test Chart

DISCUSSION
Based on the calculation data can be seen that the results of gross motor skills
research of Mild Mental Retardation children primary class can be measured
through the basis of a basketball game in SLB Negeri Semarang have good gross
motor skills.
Gross motor is the ability of gestures that use large muscles, most or all of the
gross motor body parts are needed so that children can sit, kick, run, up and down
stairs and so on (Sunardi and Sunaryo, 2007: 113-114). gross motor movements
require the ability to coordinate parts of the body such as the eyes, hands and leg
muscles, in balancing the body and leg strength when walking on board the catwalk.
The elements of gross motor skills of each person are fundamentally different
depending on the amount of movement he or she occupies.
From the results of gross motor skills of Mild Mental Retardation children grade
VIII and IX SLB Negeri Semarang amounts 25 students measured through the basic
game of basketball in SLB Negeri Semarang, overall have a good gross motor skills

8
and pointed that children included in the Mild Mental Retardation have no motor
deficiency rude. Mild Mental Retardation children can perform various movements
related to gross motor skills such as passing, driblling, and shooting. Thus the Mild
Mental Retardation children can get activities associated with gross motor skills.
From the calculation through each factor can also be known result of abusive
motor ability of Mild Mental Retardation children grade VIII and IX SLB Negeri
Semarang with total 25 students able to be measured through basic basketball game
at SLB Negeri Semarang. These factors include learning passing, dribbling, and
shooting.
Passing in a basketball game is a movement that coordinates hand movements
and eyes. With the results of research that shows very good, this result illustrates
that Mild Mental Retardation children SLB Negeri Semarang have a good groos
motor skills of eyes and hands.
Dribbling in a basketball game is a movement that coordinates hand, eye, and
foot movements. With the results of the research showing very good, these results
illustrate that the basic Mild Mental Retardation children has a good groos motor
skills of the eyes, feet, and hands of Good.
Shooting in sports basketnall game is a movement that coordinates hand
movements, eyes, feet, and jumping movements. With the results of the research
showing very Ggod, these results illustrate that the Mild Mental Retardation
children have a good gross motor skills of hands, eyes, feet, and a good jumping
movements.

CONCLUSION

Based on this research,it can be conclude that Basketball therapy effective to

improving gross motor skill for Mild Mental Retardation children in SLB Negeri
Semarang.

9
RECOMMENDATION

The recommendation from the research is the uniqueness of Mild Mental

Retardation children makes them require special treatment, for a teacher or educator
must have innovate in the provision of learning materials motion or movements.
Very necessary for the purpose of developing abusive motor abilities for Mild
Mental Retardation children can be achieved.

THANKS TO
On this occasion the researcher give thanks to SLB Negeri Semarang that given
permission to do research and the students of SLB Negeri Semarang who would be
participants of this research.

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