Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Introdução
Arquitetura utilizada na rede
Configuração dos equipamentos
Conclusões
Introdução
Neste teste utilizamos uma rede com protocolo RIP (Routing Information
Protocol).
Em uma rede assim, cada roteador envia sua tabela inteira para todos os
roteadores adjacentes em intervalos predefinidos de tempo (geralmente 30
segundos). Essa tabela também é enviada quando a topologia da rede muda
(mais alguma rede é anunciada, por exemplo). A esse procedimento damos o
nome de anúncio.
O protocolo RIP possui uma fácil configuração, sendo indicado para redes
de pequeno porte. Também é indicado para equipamentos antigos e de pouco
poder de processamento, sendo implementado pela maioria dos roteadores.
SHOW RUNNING-CONFIG
Resultados 4000
<4000>#
<4000>#show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
!
version 11.3
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname <4000>
!
!
!
!
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 200.20.6.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 192.80.100.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet1
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Serial0
no ip address
no ip mroute-cache
shutdown
no fair-queue
!
interface Serial1
ip address 192.80.209.14 255.255.255.0
clockrate 800000
!
interface Serial2
ip address 192.80.150.1 255.255.255.0
shutdown
clockrate 800000
!
interface Serial3
no ip address
shutdown
!
router rip
network 192.80.100.0
network 192.80.209.0
network 200.20.6.0
!
ip classless
!
!
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
end
<4000>#
Resultados cisco1
cisco1#
cisco1#show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
!
version 11.2
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
service password-encryption
no service udp-small-servers
no service tcp-small-servers
!
hostname cisco1
!
enable password 7 06100E324F41
!
ip subnet-zero
no ip source-route
no ip domain-lookup
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 200.156.10.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 200.20.94.81 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial0
ip address 192.80.209.13 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial1
no ip address
shutdown
!
router rip
network 192.80.209.0
network 200.156.10.0
network 200.20.94.0
!
ip classless
!
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
password 7 060C0E2F494208
login
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
password 7 000E120801570A
login
!
end
cisco1#
Resultados cisco2
cisco2#
cisco2#show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
!
version 11.2
service password-encryption
no service udp-small-servers
no service tcp-small-servers
!
hostname cisco2
!
enable secret 5 $1$jibr$cTHEQancHt3LUqhsNxGXG0
!
no ip domain-lookup
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 200.20.3.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 200.20.94.1 255.255.255.0
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface Serial0
ip address 192.80.209.125 255.255.255.252
no ip directed-broadcast
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
shutdown
clockrate 800000
!
interface Serial1
ip address 200.20.4.1 255.255.255.0
no ip directed-broadcast
!
router rip
network 200.20.94.0
network 200.20.3.0
network 200.20.4.0
!
ip classless
!
!
line con 0
password 7 0501070124404F
line aux 0
password 7 0501070124404F
line vty 0 1
password 7 0501070124404F
login
line vty 2
password 7 082B4D400C1504
login
line vty 3 4
password 7 044904131B245E
login
!
end
cisco2#
Resultados cisco3
cisco3#
cisco3#show configuration
Using 406 out of 32762 bytes
!
version 10.2
!
hostname cisco3
!
!
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 139.82.10.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 192.80.100.1 255.255.255.0
shutdown
!
interface Serial0
ip address 200.20.5.1 255.255.255.0
shutdown
!
interface Serial1
ip address 200.20.4.2 255.255.255.0
clockrate 800000
!
router rip
network 200.20.4.0
network 139.82.0.0
!
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
end
cisco3#
Conclusões
Neste ítem serão mostrados dois comandos que são fundamentais
para
que possamos tirar nossas conclusões.
São eles: show ip route e traceroute.
O primeiro nos mostra por qual interface e por qual protocolo o
roteador
aprende as outras redes, já o segundo nos mostra os roteadores
percorridos
até o endereço de destino.
4000
<4000>#
<4000>#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile,
B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter
area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external
type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E -
EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * -
candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.80.209.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
R 200.20.4.0/24 [120/2] via 192.80.209.13, 00:00:04, Serial1
C 200.20.6.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
R 139.82.0.0/16 [120/3] via 192.80.209.13, 00:00:04, Serial1
R 200.20.3.0/24 [120/2] via 192.80.209.13, 00:00:04, Serial1
C 192.80.100.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
R 200.156.10.0/24 [120/1] via 192.80.209.13, 00:00:04,
Serial1
R 200.20.94.0/24 [120/1] via 192.80.209.13, 00:00:04, Serial1
<4000>#
Verificamos que o roteador 4000 aprende as outras redes por RIP
através de sua interface Serial1, via 192.80.209.13 (interface
Serial0
do cisco1).
<4000>#traceroute 200.20.4.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 200.20.4.2
1 192.80.209.13 0 msec 0 msec 0 msec
2 200.20.94.1 8 msec 4 msec 4 msec
3 200.20.4.2 4 msec 4 msec *
<4000>#
Com o comando traceroute confirmamos o caminho que o pacote
percorre
até a interface 200.20.4.2, Serial1 do cisco3.
cisco1
cisco1#
cisco1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile,
B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter
area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external
type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E -
EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * -
candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.80.209.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
C 200.156.10.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 200.20.94.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
R 200.20.4.0/24 [120/1] via 200.20.94.1, 00:00:09, Ethernet0
R 139.82.0.0/16 [120/2] via 200.20.94.1, 00:00:09, Ethernet0
R 200.20.6.0/24 [120/1] via 192.80.209.14, 00:00:12, Serial0
R 200.20.3.0/24 [120/1] via 200.20.94.1, 00:00:09, Ethernet0
R 192.80.100.0/24 [120/1] via 192.80.209.14, 00:00:12,
Serial0
cisco1#
Verificamos que o roteador cisco1 aprende as outras redes por
RIP
através de suas interfaces Serial0, via 192.80.209.14
(Serial1 4000) e Ethernet0 via 200.20.94.1 (Ethernet0 cisco2).
cisco1#traceroute 200.20.4.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 200.20.4.2
1 200.20.94.1 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
2 200.20.4.2 4 msec * 4 msec
cisco1#
cisco1#traceroute 192.80.100.5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.80.100.5
1 192.80.209.14 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
2 192.80.100.5 8 msec 4 msec 4 msec
cisco1#
Com o comando traceroute confirmamos o caminho que o pacote
percorre
até a interface 200.20.4.2, Serial1 do roteador cisco3 e até
o PC 192.80.100.5.
cisco2
cisco2#
cisco2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile,
B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter
area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external
type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E -
EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * -
candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
R 192.80.209.0/24 [120/1] via 200.20.94.81, 00:00:18,
Ethernet0
R 200.156.10.0/24 [120/1] via 200.20.94.81, 00:00:19,
Ethernet0
C 200.20.94.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
C 200.20.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
R 139.82.0.0/16 [120/1] via 200.20.4.2, 00:00:06, Serial1
R 200.20.6.0/24 [120/2] via 200.20.94.81, 00:00:19, Ethernet0
C 200.20.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
R 192.80.100.0/24 [120/2] via 200.20.94.81, 00:00:19,
Ethernet0
cisco2#
Verificamos que o roteador cisco2 aprende as outras redes por
RIP
através de suas interfaces Serial1, via 200.20.4.2 (Serial1
cisco3)
e Ethernet0 via 200.20.94.81 (Ethernet0 cisco1).
cisco2#traceroute 200.20.4.2
O
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 200.20.4.2
1 200.20.4.2 8 msec * 4 msec
cisco2#
cisco2#traceroute 192.80.100.5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.80.100.5
1 200.20.94.81 0 msec 4 msec 4 msec
2 192.80.209.14 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
3 192.80.100.5 4 msec 4 msec 8 msec
cisco2#
Com o comando traceroute confirmamos o caminho que o pacote
percorre
até a interface 200.20.4.2, Serial1 do roteador cisco3 e até
o PC 192.80.100.5.
cisco3
cisco3#
cisco3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile,
B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter
area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E -
EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * -
candidate default
Gateway of last resort is not set
R 192.80.209.0 [120/2] via 200.20.4.1, 00:00:29, Serial1
R 200.156.10.0 [120/2] via 200.20.4.1, 00:00:29, Serial1
R 200.20.94.0 [120/1] via 200.20.4.1, 00:00:29, Serial1
C 200.20.4.0 is directly connected, Serial1
139.82.0.0 is subnetted (mask is 255.255.255.0), 1 subnets
C 139.82.10.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
R 200.20.6.0 [120/3] via 200.20.4.1, 00:00:00, Serial1
R 200.20.3.0 [120/1] via 200.20.4.1, 00:00:00, Serial1
R 192.80.100.0 [120/3] via 200.20.4.1, 00:00:00, Serial1
Verificamos que o roteador cisco3 aprende as outras redes por
RIP
através da interface Serial1, via 200.20.4.1 (interface Serial1
do cisco2).
cisco3#
cisco3#trace ip 192.80.100.5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.80.100.5
1 200.20.4.1 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
2 200.20.94.81 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
3 192.80.209.14 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
4 192.80.100.5 8 msec 8 msec 4 msec
cisco3#
Com o comando traceroute confirmamos o caminho que o pacote
percorre
até o PC 192.80.100.5.
Roteadores utilizando OSPF numa mesma
área
Introdução
Arquitetura utilizada na rede
Configuração dos equipamentos
Conclusões
Introdução
Neste teste utilizamos uma rede com protocolo OSPF (Open Shortest Path
First).
A troca de informação é feita pelos Link State Packets (LSPs), de forma que
cada roteador receba outros LSPs contendo a tabela de roteamento dos outros
roteadores da rede.
Para que haja um limite nesse flooding, podemos dividir a rede em áreas. A
troca de LSPs somente ocorre entre roteadores de uma mesma área (que
possuem todos o mesmo link-state database).
Uma das vantagens sobre o RIP é que a tabela só é enviada quando há uma
alteração nela.
Vemos então, que o OSPF, por calcular o melhor caminho e distribuir para a
rede toda seus anúncios, precisa de muito processamento e memória.
Resultados 4000
<4000>#
<4000>#show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
!
version 11.3
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname <4000>
!
!
!
!
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 200.20.6.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 192.80.100.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet1
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Serial0
no ip address
no ip mroute-cache
shutdown
no fair-queue
!
interface Serial1
ip address 192.80.209.14 255.255.255.0
clockrate 800000
!
interface Serial2
ip address 192.80.150.1 255.255.255.0
shutdown
clockrate 800000
!
interface Serial3
no ip address
shutdown
!
router ospf 1
network 192.80.100.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.80.209.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 200.20.6.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
!
!
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
end
<4000>#
Resultados cisco1
cisco1#
cisco1#show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
!
version 11.2
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
service password-encryption
no service udp-small-servers
no service tcp-small-servers
!
hostname cisco1
!
enable password 7 06100E324F41
!
ip subnet-zero
no ip source-route
no ip domain-lookup
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 200.156.10.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 200.20.94.81 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial0
ip address 192.80.209.13 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial1
no ip address
shutdown
!
router ospf 1
network 200.20.94.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 200.156.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.80.209.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
!
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
password 7 060C0E2F494208
login
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
password 7 000E120801570A
login
!
end
cisco1#
Resultados cisco2
cisco2#
cisco2#show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
!
version 11.2
service password-encryption
no service udp-small-servers
no service tcp-small-servers
!
hostname cisco2
!
enable secret 5 $1$jibr$cTHEQancHt3LUqhsNxGXG0
!
no ip domain-lookup
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 200.20.3.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 200.20.94.1 255.255.255.0
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface Serial0
ip address 192.80.209.125 255.255.255.252
no ip directed-broadcast
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
shutdown
clockrate 800000
!
interface Serial1
ip address 200.20.4.1 255.255.255.0
no ip directed-broadcast
!
router ospf 1
network 200.20.94.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 200.20.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 200.20.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
!
!
line con 0
password 7 0501070124404F
line aux 0
password 7 0501070124404F
line vty 0 1
password 7 0501070124404F
login
line vty 2
password 7 082B4D400C1504
login
line vty 3 4
password 7 044904131B245E
login
!
end
cisco2#
Resultados cisco3
cisco3#
cisco3#show configuration
Using 480 out of 32762 bytes
!
version 10.2
!
hostname cisco3
!
!
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 139.82.10.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 192.80.100.1 255.255.255.0
shutdown
!
interface Serial0
ip address 200.20.5.1 255.255.255.0
shutdown
!
interface Serial1
ip address 200.20.4.2 255.255.255.0
clockrate 800000
!
router ospf 1
network 200.20.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 200.20.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 139.82.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
end
cisco3#
Conclusões
Neste ítem serão mostrados dois comandos que são fundamentais
para que possamos
tirar nossas conclusões.
São eles: show ip route e traceroute.
O primeiro nos mostra por qual interface e por qual protocolo o
roteador aprende as
outras redes, já o segundo nos mostra os roteadores percorridos
até o endereço de
destino.
4000
<4000>#
<4000>#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile,
B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter
area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external
type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E -
EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * -
candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.80.209.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
O 200.20.4.0/24 [110/138] via 192.80.209.13, 00:30:01,
Serial1
C 200.20.6.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
139.82.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 139.82.10.1 [110/138] via 192.80.209.13, 00:30:01,
Serial1
200.20.3.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 200.20.3.1 [110/75] via 192.80.209.13, 00:30:01, Serial1
C 192.80.100.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
200.156.10.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 200.156.10.1 [110/65] via 192.80.209.13, 00:30:01,
Serial1
O 200.20.94.0/24 [110/74] via 192.80.209.13, 00:30:01,
Serial1
Verificamos que o roteador 4000 aprende as outras redes por OSPF
através da interface Serial1, via 192.80.209.13 (interface
Serial0
do cisco1).
<4000>#
<4000>#traceroute 200.20.4.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 200.20.4.2
1 192.80.209.13 0 msec 0 msec 0 msec
2 200.20.94.1 8 msec 4 msec 4 msec
3 200.20.4.2 4 msec 4 msec *
<4000>#
Com o comando traceroute, confirmamos o caminho que o pacote
percorre
até a interface 200.20.4.2, Serial1 do cisco3.
cisco1
cisco1#
cisco1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile,
B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter
area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external
type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E -
EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * -
candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.80.209.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
C 200.156.10.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 200.20.94.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
O 200.20.4.0/24 [110/74] via 200.20.94.1, 00:28:41, Ethernet0
139.82.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 139.82.10.1 [110/74] via 200.20.94.1, 00:28:41,
Ethernet0
200.20.6.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 200.20.6.1 [110/65] via 192.80.209.14, 00:28:41, Serial0
200.20.3.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 200.20.3.1 [110/11] via 200.20.94.1, 00:28:41, Ethernet0
O 192.80.100.0/24 [110/74] via 192.80.209.14, 00:28:41,
Serial0
Verificamos que o roteador cisco1 aprende as outras redes por
OSPF
através de suas interfaces Serial0, via 192.80.209.14 (Serial1
4000)
e Ethernet0 via 200.20.94.1 (Ethernet0 cisco2).
cisco1#
cisco1#traceroute 200.20.4.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 200.20.4.2
1 200.20.94.1 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
2 200.20.4.2 4 msec * 4 msec
cisco1#
cisco1#traceroute 192.80.100.5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.80.100.5
1 192.80.209.14 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
2 192.80.100.5 8 msec 4 msec 4 msec
cisco1#
Com o comando traceroute confirmamos o caminho que o pacote
percorre
até a interface 200.20.4.2, Serial1 do roteador cisco3 e até
o PC 192.80.100.5.
cisco2
cisco2#
cisco2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile,
B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter
area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external
type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E -
EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * -
candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
O 192.80.209.0/24 [110/74] via 200.20.94.81, 00:26:37,
Ethernet0
200.156.10.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 200.156.10.1 [110/11] via 200.20.94.81, 00:26:37,
Ethernet0
C 200.20.94.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
C 200.20.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
139.82.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 139.82.10.1 [110/64] via 200.20.4.2, 00:26:37, Serial1
200.20.6.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 200.20.6.1 [110/75] via 200.20.94.81, 00:26:37,
Ethernet0
C 200.20.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
O 192.80.100.0/24 [110/84] via 200.20.94.81, 00:26:37,
Ethernet0
Verificamos que o roteador cisco2 aprende as outras redes por
OSPF
através de suas interfaces Serial1, via 200.20.4.2 (Serial1
cisco3)
e Ethernet0 via 200.20.94.81 (Ethernet0 cisco1).
cisco2#
cisco2#traceroute 192.80.100.5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.80.100.5
1 200.20.94.81 0 msec 4 msec 4 msec
2 192.80.209.14 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
3 192.80.100.5 4 msec 4 msec 8 msec
cisco2#
cisco2#traceroute 200.20.4.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 200.20.4.2
1 200.20.4.2 8 msec * 4 msec
cisco2#
Com o comando traceroute confirmamos o caminho que o pacote
percorre
até a interface 200.20.4.2, Serial1 do roteador cisco3 e até
o PC 192.80.100.5.
cisco3
cisco3#
cisco3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile,
B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter
area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E -
EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * -
candidate default
Gateway of last resort is not set
O 192.80.209.0 [110/1636] via 200.20.4.1, 00:21:02, Serial1
200.156.10.0 is subnetted (mask is 255.255.255.255), 1
subnets
O 200.156.10.1 [110/1573] via 200.20.4.1, 00:21:02,
Serial1
O 200.20.94.0 [110/1572] via 200.20.4.1, 00:21:02, Serial1
C 200.20.4.0 is directly connected, Serial1
139.82.0.0 is subnetted (mask is 255.255.255.0), 1 subnets
C 139.82.10.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
200.20.6.0 is subnetted (mask is 255.255.255.255), 1
subnets
O 200.20.6.1 [110/1637] via 200.20.4.1, 00:21:02, Serial1
200.20.3.0 is subnetted (mask is 255.255.255.255), 1
subnets
O 200.20.3.1 [110/1563] via 200.20.4.1, 00:21:02, Serial1
O 192.80.100.0 [110/1646] via 200.20.4.1, 00:21:02, Serial1
Verificamos que o roteador cisco3 aprende as outras redes por
OSPF
através da interface Serial1, via 200.20.4.1 (interface Serial1
do cisco2).
cisco3#
cisco3#trace ip 192.80.100.5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.80.100.5
1 200.20.4.1 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
2 200.20.94.81 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
3 192.80.209.14 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
4 192.80.100.5 8 msec 8 msec 4 msec
cisco3#
Com o comando traceroute confirmamos o caminho que o pacote
percorre
até o PC 192.80.100.5.
Descrição do teste
Arquitetura utilizada na rede
Configuração dos equipamentos
Conclusões
Descrição do teste
Como já foi dito na descrição do teste do OSPF, a existência de múltiplas
áreas se deve a necessidade de colocarmos limites na troca de informações entre
os roteadores, isto é, controlar o flooding na rede.
Um roteador que tem todas as suas interfaces numa mesma área é chamado
de Internal Router (IR), Um roteador que tem suas interfaces em múltiplas áreas
é chamado de Area Border Router (ABR), e tem o dever de repassar toda a
informação de tabela das outras áreas.
Resultados 4000
<4000>#
<4000>#show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
!
version 11.3
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname <4000>
!
!
!
!
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 200.20.6.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 192.80.100.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet1
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Serial0
no ip address
no ip mroute-cache
shutdown
no fair-queue
!
interface Serial1
ip address 192.80.209.14 255.255.255.0
clockrate 800000
!
interface Serial2
ip address 192.80.150.1 255.255.255.0
shutdown
clockrate 800000
!
interface Serial3
no ip address
shutdown
!
router ospf 1
network 192.80.100.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
network 192.80.209.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
network 200.20.6.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
!
ip classless
!
!
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
end
<4000>#
Resultados cisco1
cisco1#
cisco1#show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
!
version 11.2
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
service password-encryption
no service udp-small-servers
no service tcp-small-servers
!
hostname cisco1
!
enable password 7 06100E324F41
!
ip subnet-zero
no ip source-route
no ip domain-lookup
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 200.156.10.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 200.20.94.81 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial0
ip address 192.80.209.13 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial1
no ip address
shutdown
!
router ospf 1
network 192.80.209.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
network 200.156.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
network 200.20.94.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
!
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
password 7 060C0E2F494208
login
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
password 7 000E120801570A
login
!
end
cisco1#
Resultados cisco2
cisco2#
cisco2#show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
!
version 11.2
service password-encryption
no service udp-small-servers
no service tcp-small-servers
!
hostname cisco2
!
enable secret 5 $1$jibr$cTHEQancHt3LUqhsNxGXG0
!
no ip domain-lookup
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 200.20.3.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 200.20.94.1 255.255.255.0
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface Serial0
ip address 192.80.209.125 255.255.255.252
no ip directed-broadcast
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
shutdown
clockrate 800000
!
interface Serial1
ip address 200.20.4.1 255.255.255.0
no ip directed-broadcast
!
router ospf 1
network 200.20.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
network 200.20.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
network 200.20.94.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
!
!
line con 0
password 7 0501070124404F
line aux 0
password 7 0501070124404F
line vty 0 1
password 7 0501070124404F
login
line vty 2
password 7 082B4D400C1504
login
line vty 3 4
password 7 044904131B245E
login
!
end
cisco2#
Resultados cisco3
cisco3#
cisco3#show configuration
Using 444 out of 32762 bytes
!
version 10.2
!
hostname cisco3
!
!
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 139.82.10.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 192.80.100.1 255.255.255.0
shutdown
!
interface Serial0
ip address 200.20.5.1 255.255.255.0
shutdown
!
interface Serial1
ip address 200.20.4.2 255.255.255.0
clockrate 800000
!
router ospf 1
network 200.20.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
network 139.82.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
!
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
end
cisco3#
Conclusões
Neste ítem serão mostrados dois comandos que são fundamentais
para
que possamos tirar nossas conclusões.
São eles: show ip route e traceroute.
O primeiro nos mostra por qual interface e por qual protocolo o
roteador
aprende as outras redes, já o segundo nos mostra os roteadores
percorridos
até o endereço de destino.
4000
<4000>#
<4000>#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile,
B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter
area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external
type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E -
EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * -
candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is 192.80.209.13 to network 0.0.0.0
C 192.80.209.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
O IA 200.20.4.0/24 [110/138] via 192.80.209.13, 00:02:25,
Serial1
C 200.20.6.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
139.82.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 139.82.10.1 [110/138] via 192.80.209.13, 00:02:25,
Serial1
200.20.3.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 200.20.3.1 [110/75] via 192.80.209.13, 00:02:25, Serial1
C 192.80.100.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
200.156.10.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 200.156.10.1 [110/65] via 192.80.209.13, 00:02:25,
Serial1
O IA 200.20.94.0/24 [110/74] via 192.80.209.13, 00:02:25,
Serial1
Verificamos que o roteador 4000 aprende as outras redes por OSPF
através da interface Serial1, via 192.80.209.13 (interface
Serial0
do cisco1).
É importante notar que as redes que possuem ao lado IA:
200.20.4.0 , 139.82.10.1 ,
200.20.3.1 e 200.20.94.0 fazem parte de áreas diferentes, por
isso o nome de inter-área.
<4000>#
<4000>#traceroute 139.82.10.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 139.82.10.1
1 192.80.209.13 4 msec 0 msec 0 msec
2 200.20.94.1 8 msec 4 msec 4 msec
3 200.20.4.2 8 msec 4 msec *
<4000>#
Com o comando traceroute, confirmamos o caminho que o pacote
percorre
até a interface 139.82.10.1 (Loopback0 do cisco3).
cisco1
cisco1#
cisco1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile,
B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter
area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external
type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E -
EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * -
candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.80.209.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
C 200.156.10.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 200.20.94.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
O IA 200.20.4.0/24 [110/74] via 200.20.94.1, 00:00:36, Ethernet0
139.82.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 139.82.10.1 [110/74] via 200.20.94.1, 00:00:36,
Ethernet0
200.20.6.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 200.20.6.1 [110/65] via 192.80.209.14, 00:00:36, Serial0
200.20.3.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 200.20.3.1 [110/11] via 200.20.94.1, 00:00:36, Ethernet0
O 192.80.100.0/24 [110/74] via 192.80.209.14, 00:00:36,
Serial0
Verificamos que o roteador cisco1 aprende as outras redes por
OSPF através de suas interfaces Serial0,
via 192.80.209.14 (Serial1 4000) e Ethernet0 via 200.20.94.1
(Ethernet0 cisco2).
É importante notar que as redes que possuem ao lado IA:
200.20.4.0 , 139.82.10.1 , 200.20.3.1
fazem parte de áreas diferentes, por isso o nome de inter-área.
cisco1#
cisco1#traceroute 139.82.10.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 139.82.10.1
1 200.20.94.1 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
2 200.20.4.2 8 msec * 4 msec
cisco1#traceroute 192.80.100.5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.80.100.5
1 192.80.209.14 0 msec 4 msec 4 msec
2 192.80.100.5 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
cisco1#
Com o comando traceroute confirmamos o caminho que o pacote
percorre
até a 139.82.10.1 (Loopback0 do cisco3) e até o PC 192.80.100.5.
cisco2
cisco2#
cisco2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile,
B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter
area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external
type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E -
EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * -
candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
O IA 192.80.209.0/24 [110/74] via 200.20.94.81, 00:00:03,
Ethernet0
200.156.10.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 200.156.10.1 [110/11] via 200.20.94.81, 00:00:03,
Ethernet0
C 200.20.94.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
C 200.20.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
139.82.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 139.82.10.1 [110/64] via 200.20.4.2, 00:00:03, Serial1
200.20.6.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 200.20.6.1 [110/75] via 200.20.94.81, 00:00:03,
Ethernet0
C 200.20.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
O IA 192.80.100.0/24 [110/84] via 200.20.94.81, 00:00:03,
Ethernet0
Verificamos que o roteador cisco2 aprende as outras redes por
OSPF através de suas interfaces Serial1,
via 200.20.4.2 (Serial1 cisco3) e Ethernet0 via 200.20.94.81
(Ethernet0 cisco1).
É importante notar que as redes que possuem ao lado IA:
192.80.209 , 200.156.10.1 ,
200.20.6.1 e 192.80.100.0 fazem parte de áreas diferentes,
por isso o nome de inter-área.
cisco2#
cisco2#traceroute 192.80.100.5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.80.100.5
1 200.20.94.81 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
2 192.80.209.14 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
3 192.80.100.5 4 msec 4 msec 8 msec
cisco2#
cisco2#traceroute 139.82.10.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 139.82.10.1
1 200.20.4.2 4 msec * 4 msec
cisco2#
Com o comando traceroute confirmamos o caminho que o pacote
percorre
até a 139.82.10.19 (Loopback0 do cisco3) e até o PC
192.80.100.5.
cisco3
cisco3#
cisco3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile,
B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter
area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E -
EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * -
candidate default
Gateway of last resort is not set
O IA 192.80.209.0 [110/1636] via 200.20.4.1, 00:09:38, Serial1
200.156.10.0 is subnetted (mask is 255.255.255.255), 1
subnets
O IA 200.156.10.1 [110/1573] via 200.20.4.1, 00:09:38,
Serial1
O IA 200.20.94.0 [110/1572] via 200.20.4.1, 16:21:34, Serial1
C 200.20.4.0 is directly connected, Serial1
139.82.0.0 is subnetted (mask is 255.255.255.0), 1 subnets
C 139.82.10.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
200.20.6.0 is subnetted (mask is 255.255.255.255), 1
subnets
O IA 200.20.6.1 [110/1637] via 200.20.4.1, 00:09:39, Serial1
200.20.3.0 is subnetted (mask is 255.255.255.255), 1
subnets
O 200.20.3.1 [110/1563] via 200.20.4.1, 16:21:34, Serial1
O IA 192.80.100.0 [110/1646] via 200.20.4.1, 00:09:39, Serial1
Verificamos que o roteador cisco3 aprende as outras redes por
OSPF através da interface Serial1,
via 200.20.4.1 (interface Serial1 do cisco2).
É importante notar que as redes que possuem ao lado IA:
192.80.209.0 , 200.56.10.1 ,
200.20.4.0 , 200.20.6.1 , 192.80.100.0 fazem parte de áreas
diferentes,
por isso o nome de inter-área.
cisco3#
cisco3#trace ip 192.80.100.5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.80.100.5
1 200.20.4.1 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
2 200.20.94.81 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
3 192.80.209.14 8 msec 4 msec 4 msec
4 192.80.100.5 8 msec 8 msec 4 msec
cisco3#
Com o comando traceroute confirmamos o caminho que o pacote
percorre
até o PC 192.80.100.5.