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com

EPICYCLIC GEAR TRAIN

APPARATUS (TM-20)
Operational Manual
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1. LIST OF COMPONENTS
After unpacking the consignment you will find the following items mounted on the main structure.
Base frame – Made up of ms C channel duly powder coated.
Epicyclic gear train: Ratio 5.1:1
Variable Speed DC Motor: 0.5 hp, Speed 1500 RPM
Pulley
Spring balance – 2 Nos.
Belts
Voltmeter: 0 – 500 V DC
Ammeter: 0 – 10 A DC
Non-Contact Type Tachometer: 0-9999 RPM
Mains switch
Mains Indicator

(a) Kindly remove the all-packing material & clean the components with cloth. Please check the
components as per list mentioned above. If you have any difficulty please feel free to contact us.
(b) Follow the installation procedure carefully.
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2. PRECAUTIONS
1. Before experimentation check all electrical connections visually. If there is any loose connection,
tight them.
2. Keep the trainer on rigid surface & well-ventilated room.
3. Use 230 V AC supply with proper earthing for the trainer.
4. Before starting the experimentation check the equipment to ensure that there are no loose
assemblies.
5. Do not start the electric supply without ensuring proper wiring is done.
6. Clean the equipment before & after the experiment with dry cloths.
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3. THEORY
Gear trains of the type shown in Figures are called epicyclic gear trains or planetary gear
trains.
In these gear trains, one or more gears are carried on a rotating planet carrier rather than on
a shaft that rotates on a fixed axis.
Several types of gear trains may be shifted manually to obtain greater or lesser values of
speed reduction.
The shifting process, however, is difficult to accomplish automatically with gears that rotate
about fixed centers.
On the other hand, epicyclic gear trains are readily adapted to automatic control.
Some epicyclic gear trains are designed to change velocity ratios simply by using electrically
or hydraulically operated band brakes to keep one or more of the gears stationary.
Other epicyclic gear trains operating with fixed velocity ratios are selected for their compact
design and high efficiency.
A simple epicyclic gear train consists of a sun gear (S) in the center, a planet gear (P), a
planet carrier o./r arm (C), and an internal or ring gear (R). The sun gear, ring gear and
planet carrier all rotate about the same axis.
The planet gear is mounted on a shaft that turns in the bearing in the planet carrier and
meshes with both the sun gear and the ring gear.

Calculation of velocity ratio can be performed by either the formula method or the tabular
method. This ratio can also be experimentally obtained.
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4. DESCRIPTION
The setup consists of an epicyclic gear train driven by a variable speed DC Motor.
The output shaft is coupled to a brake drum having loading wheel arrangement.
A spring balance is used to measure the torque developed.
Another loading wheel & spring balance is used to hold the sleeve of epicyclic gear train.
Thus we can determine the holding torque & transmitted torque by the gear train.
Voltmeter & Ammeter are provided to measure the Power input to the motor.
A non-contact type tachometer is used to measure the speed of motor & pulley.
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5. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
5.1 Aim:
1) Experimentally obtain the speed & torque ratios of gear trains,
2) Determine holding torque & transmitted torque for a gear train.

5.2 Procedure:

1. Make sure that the spring balance are at zero condition.

2. Switch on the mains supply.
3. Adjust the motor speed at a particular RPM (say 50 %).
4. Wait for few seconds till system is stabilized.
5. Start loading the sleeve till it stops rotating completely.
6. Then start the loading the brake drum pulley in stepwise manner.
7. Make sure that the gear train sleeve is not rotating, if required adjust the load on sleeve till it stops
rotating.
8. Note the reading as per Observation table.
9. Increase the load on pulley & if required adjust the load on sleeve till it stops rotating.
10. Repeat the procedure for different speeds.
11. Bring back motor speed to zero.
12. Switch off the electrical connection
13. Calculate the result as per the calculation procedure.
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6. OBSERVATION Table

Sr.NO N1 RPM N2 RPM V (Volt) I (Ampere) W1 (Kg) W2 (Kg)

Where -
N1- Input Speed (RPM)
N2- Output Speed (RPM)
V – Input Voltage
I – Input Current
W 1 – Load on sleeve
W 2 – Load on Pulley

7. CALCULATION & RESULT TABLE

1) Input power Pin (Watt)

𝑃𝑖𝑛=𝑉 ×𝐼

Where, V = Supply Voltage (Volt)

I = Supply Current (Ampere)

2) Input Torque Tin (Nm)

𝑃𝑖𝑛 ×60
𝑇𝑖𝑛 = ------------------
2𝜋×𝑁1
Where, N1 = RPM of motor

3) Output Torque To (Nm)

𝑇𝑜 =𝑊2 ×r2×g

Where, W 2 = Load on pulley (kg)

r2 = Radius of pulley (m) = 0.075 m
g = Acceleration due to gravity (m/s2)

4) Output Power Po (Watt)

2𝜋×𝑁2×𝑇𝑜
𝑃𝑜= -----------------------------
60
Where, N2 = RPM of pulley
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5) Holding Torque Th (Nm)

𝑇ℎ=𝑊1×𝑟1×𝑔
Where, r1 = Radius of sleeve (m) = 0.05 m
W 1 = Load on gear train (kg)

6) RPM Ratio
𝑁1
𝑅𝑃𝑀 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜= --------
𝑁2

7) Torque Ratio
𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 (𝑇𝑜)
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜= -----------------------------------
𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 (𝑇𝑖)

RESULT TABLE

Input power Input Output Output Holding RPM Ratio TORQUE

Pin (Watt) Torque Tin Power Torque Torque Th Ratio
(Nm) Po (Watt) To (Nm) (Nm)