Plagiarism Scan Report

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Report Genrated Date 21 Jul, 2018
Plagiarism Status 88% Unique
Total Words 792
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TITLE
Hardness Testing of Metallic Material
OBJRCTIVES
To determine the hardness of metallic material using a diamond tip
INTRODUCTION
Hardness is a material quality which shows resistance to the indentation under an applied
load. To test the hardness of a material we use Rockwell hardness test: In this practical we
use a diamond tip as the indenter to make an indentation on the steel bar.
Also we get an arbitrary number which known as Rockwell hardness number which derived
from the net increase in the depth of indentation as the force on an indenter is increased
from a preliminary test force.
THEORY
Rockwell Hardness Number (RHN) based on an inverse relationship to the measurements of
the additional depth, which an indenter is forced by a heavy (major) load beyond the depth
resulting from a previously applied (minor) load
For spheroconical diamond indenter:
HR = 100 – h/0.002
Scale
Symbol Pre-load
kg (N) Indenter Total test
force kg (N) Specimen material
C 10 (98) Diamond (120°, 0.2 tip radius) 150 (1471) Hard steels

MATERIALS AND APPARATUS

• Rockwell hardness tester
• Diamond spheroconical intender (A diamond tip)
• Hard steel specimen

PROCEDURE
• First of all, temperature was maintained within 10 to 35 °C.
• Then a correct specimen supporter was choosed that support specimen rigidly.
• Thereafter, the crank was made to unload position.
• Next, appropriate force and intender was selected.
• After that large pointer was adjusted according to the given details.
• Then the specimen was placed and the intender was bought until it contacts with the test
surface.
• Next, hand wheel was turned until the surface gets the preliminary load.
• Thereafter, the crank was moved slowly to load position.
• Then, crank was moved back to unload the load force and the relevant dial was read for
the result.
• Finally, minor load was removed by lowering the anvil.
OBSERVATION

DISCUSSION
Results
All the five results obtained from the practical was totally different from each other. I think
it happened because all the five measurements were obtained by five different people and
we have only the general average value. If one person has done this experiment may be
the results would be more accurate. I think this practical is not accurate whole process in
the practical was done manually and by a human hand. But from this practical we got
general idea about the Rockwell hardness test and importance of hardness test.
Importance of hardness testing
New products are continuously created for the easiness of the human. For that
manufacturer must use the correct material for manufacture the product. For that
engineers are looking in to the properties of a material before they choose it. Hardness is a
one property among them. For check the hardness we use hardness test in order to confirm
the reliability of the relevant material for the product. In past history we have faced so
many disasters because of not concerned about the hardness in different temperature
levels. Some of the are Space shuttle Challenger Disaster, Titanic disaster, Mississippi River
Bridge and Hyatt Regency Hotel walkway collapse (1981).
Titanic disaster
All most everyone in the world think that Titanic ship have sunk due to collation with a
iceberg. But there is a huge reason behind which affected for this disaster. Titanic was built
by the inch-thick mild steel plates; iron rivets and it was equipped with latest technology. It
was designed to be ‘virtually unsinkable’ with a design of 16 watertight compartments. It
was a great product by the engineers at that time. Further it was designed to perfect
engineers haven’t thought about the temperature difference it faces when it travels in the
sea. At the movement ship Titanic collide with the iceberg the strength of the inch-thick
steel has converted in to the strength of a glass, so with the collide with the iceberg steel
was broken until it gets damaged for 6 compartments.
Space shuttle Challenger Disaster
This is a great disaster which happened in the field of astronomy. Analysis which done after
this disaster showed that a seal, called an O-ring, on the shuttle’s right solid rocket booster
had failed at liftoff, allowing pressurized hot gas to escape from he booster This vaporized
material impinged on the strut connecting the solid rocket booster to the shuttle's huge
orange external tank, causing both pieces of hardware to break down, reason for this failure
of O-ring seal is due to cold weather the seal has failed.
CONCLUSION

REFERENCES
Usman (2018). Rockwell hardnes testing. [online] Slideshare.net. Available at:
https://www.slideshare.net/usman31/rockwell-hardnes-testing [Accessed 19 Jul. 2018].
Titanic?, jamming’, N., transfer, G. and platform, H. (2018). What really sank the Titanic? -
Materials Today. [online] Materials Today. Available at:
https://www.materialstoday.com/metals-alloys/news/what-really-sank-the-titanic/ [Accessed
21 Jul. 2018].

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