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How to repair a xfs lesystem

If you cannot mount an XFS file system, get i/o error or 'mount: Structure needs cleaning', then you will have to repair xfs filesystem after underneath storage problem fixed.

Check xfs lesystem

If you are running xfs xfsprogs-3.1.1 on RHEL6, on you can use the xfs_check command to check its consistency. On xfsprogs-3.2.2-2, you have only xfs_repair to check its
consistency. xfs_repair is available on both versions.

Usually, you would only run this command on the device file of an unmounted file system that you believe has a problem. If xfs_check displays any output when you do not run it in
verbose mode, the file system has an inconsistency.

umount the file system, then run command below

# xfs_check device

Or use

# xfs_repair -n device

Note: Unlike fsck, neither xfs_check nor xfs_repair are invoked automatically on system startup. They should be used only if you suspect a file system consistency
problem.

Backup xfs lesystem

If you can mount the file system and you do not have a suitable backup, you can use xfsdump to attempt to back up the existing file system data, However, the command might fail if
the file system's metadata has become too corrupted.

Or you can use xfs_copy to backup a xfs filesystem

xfs lesystem repair

You can use the xfs_repair (/storage/667-xfs-repair-useful-command-examples) command to attempt to repair an XFS file system specified by its device file. The command replays the
journal log to fix any inconsistencies that might have resulted from the file system not being cleanly unmounted. Unless the file system has an inconsistency, it is usually not necessary
to use the command, as the journal is replayed every time that you mount an XFS file system.

# xfs_repair device

If the journal log has become corrupted, you can reset the log by specifying the -L option to xfs_repair.

Note: Resetting the log can leave the file system in an inconsistent state, resulting in data loss and data corruption. Unless you are experienced in debugging and repairing XFS file
systems using xfs_db, it is recommended that you instead recreate the file system and restore its contents from a backup.

If you cannot mount the file system or you do not have a suitable backup, running xfs_repair is the only viable option unless you are experienced in using xfs_db.

xfs_db provides an internal command set that allows you to debug and repair an XFS file system manually. The commands allow you to perform scans on the file system, and to
navigate and display its data structures. If you specify the -x option to enable expert mode, you can modify the data structures.

# xfs_db [-x] device

For more information, see the xfs_check(8) , xfs_db(8) and xfs_repair(8) manual pages, and the help command within xfs_db.

Repairing XFS File System Problems

The xfs_repair command checks XFS file system consistency and sometimes repairs problems that are found. This section describes the messages that you may see from
xfs_repair and what to do if xfs_repair is not able to repair a file system.

Common Error Messages

Common error messages from xfs_repair, and the repairs that it performs, include the following:

Disconnected inode 242002, xfs_repair found an inode that is in use, but is not

moving to lost+found
connected to the file system. The inode is moved to the
file system's lost+found directory. Its name is its inode
Error Messages When Files Are
number, in this example 242002. If the disconnected in lost+found
inode is a directory, the directory's subtree is preserved—
xfs_repair has put files and directories in a file
all its child inodes are automatically moved with it, so the
system's lost+found directory and you do not remove
entire directory subtree moves to lost+found.
them, the next time you run xfs_repair it temporarily
disconnects the inodes for those files and directories.
imap claims in-use inode 2444941 The inode allocation map in the file system behaves as if They are reconnected before xfs_repair terminates.
inode 2444941 is free, but the inode itself looks like it is As a result of the disconnected inodes in lost+found,
is free, correcting imap you see output like this:
still in use. xfs_repair corrects the inode map to say
that the inode is in use.

Entry references free inode 2444940 in shortform directory 2444922

junking entry “fb” in directory inode 2444922

 A directory entry points to an inode that xfs_repair
has determined is actually free. xfs_repair junks the
directory entry. The term shortform means a small
directory. In larger directories, the entry deletion is
usually a two-pass process. In this case, the second part
of the message reads something like marking bad
entry, marking entry to be deleted, or will
clear entry.

Resetting inode 241996 nlinks xfs_repair detected a mismatch between the number
of directory entries pointing to the inode (links) and the
from 5 to 3
number of links recorded in the inode. It corrected the
number (from 5 to 3 in this case).

Cleared inode 2444926 There was something wrong with the inode that was not
correctable, so xfs_repair turned it into a zero-length
free inode. This usually happens because the inode
claims blocks that are used by something else or the
inode itself is badly corrupted. Typically, the cleared
inode message is preceded by one or more messages
indicating why the inode needs to be cleared.

Phase 1 - find and verify superblock...

Phase 2 - zero log...
- scan file system freespace and inode maps...
- found root inode chunk
Phase 3 - for each AG...
- scan and clear agi unlinked lists...
- process known inodes and perform inode discovery...
- agno = 0
- agno = 1
...
- process newly discovered inodes...
Phase 4 - check for duplicate blocks...
- setting up duplicate extent list...
- clear lost+found (if it exists) ...
- clearing existing “lost+found” inode
- deleting existing “lost+found” entry
- check for inodes claiming duplicate blocks...
- agno = 0
imap claims in-use inode 242000 is free, correcting imap
- agno = 1
- agno = 2
...
Phase 5 - rebuild AG headers and trees...
- reset superblock counters...
Phase 6 - check inode connectivity...
- ensuring existence of lost+found directory
- traversing file system starting at / ...
- traversal finished ...
- traversing all unattached subtrees ...
- traversals finished ...
- moving disconnected inodes to lost+found ...
disconnected inode 242000, moving to lost+found
Phase 7 - verify and correct link counts...
done

In this example, inode 242000 was an inode that was moved to lost+found during a previous xfs_repair run. This run of xfs_repair found that the file system is consistent. If
the lost+found directory had been empty, in phase 4 only the messages about clearing and deleting the lost+found directory would have appeared. The left-justified imap
claims and disconnected inode messages appear (one pair of messages per inode) if there are inodes in the lost+found directory.

What to Do If xfs_repair Cannot Repair a File System

If xfs_repair fails to repair the file system successfully, try giving the same xfs_repair command twice more; xfs_repair may be able to make more repairs on successive
runs. If xfs_repair fails to fix the consistency problems in three tries, your next step depends upon where it failed:

If xfs_repair failed in phase 1, you must restore lost files from backups.

If xfs_repair failed in phase 2 or later, you may be able to restore files from the disk by backing up and restoring the files on the file system.

If xfs_repair failed in phase 2 or later, follow these steps:

1. Mount the file system using mount -r (read-only).

2. Make a file system backup with xfsdump.

3. Use mkfs to a make new file system on the same disk partition or XLV logical volume.

4. Restore the files from the backup with xfsrestore.

Mounting A File System without Log Recovery

If a file system is damaged to the extent that you are unable to mount the file system successfully in the standard fashion, you may be able to recover some of its data by mounting the
file system with the -o norecover option of the mount command. This option mounts the file system without running log recovery. You must mount the file system as read-only when
you use this option.

When you mount the file system in no-recovery mode when it was not unmounted cleanly, the file system is likely to be inconsistent, and you will be unable to read all of its data.
However, you may be able to recover data that you can cannot otherwise access.
Details
Category: Storage (/storage)
C Published: 22 December 2016
C Last Updated: 11 May 2017
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