American Idioms and Some Phrases Just For Fun

TỔNG HỢP BÀI MẪU IELTS WRITING – TASK 1 Mr.
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TỔNG HỢP BÀI MẪU IELTS WRITING – TASK 1 Mr. Tùng Bờm – IELTS Fighter Club
The pie charts below show the percentage of housing owned and rented in the UK in 1991 and
2007. Summarize the information by describing the main features of the charts and making
comparisons where appropriate.
Write at least 150 words
The pie charts compare home ownership and renting for 1991 and 2007 in percentage terms. In 1991, home
owner were the most popular type of housing, accounting for 60%, or more than over half of all homes. The
next largest sector was social rented homes, amounting to 23% or nearly one-third of homes. The remaining
homes were mostly privately rented (11%) with a tiny fraction being social housing (6%).
Sixteen years later, in 2007, the number of home owners had risen to 70%, or almost three quarters of all
homes. This was an increase of 10% compared with 1991. Much of the increase in home ownership can be
explained by the decrease in social rented homes, which had dropped from 23% to 17%.
The percentage of privately rented homes had remained unchanged at 11%. However, there were 5 million
more homes in 2007 compared with 1991 so the number of rented homes had increased despite the same
percentage. Social housing has decreased three-fold from 6% in 1991 to 2% in 2007, and it remains the least
popular type of housing.
(180 words)

The graph gives information about drinking habits of the US population by age. Summarise the
information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The bar chart shows information about people’s drinking behavior by age group in the US. Several trends are
evident.
The highest proportion of those who never drink (nearly two-thirds) was in the 16 to 24 years group. The
proportion tended to decrease with age. Only 40 per cent of people aged 65 to 74 had never drink.
On the other hand, the percentage of those who had quit drinking tended to increase with age. Only 5 per
cent of those in the youngest age group (16 to 24) were ex-drinkers, as opposed to roughly 40 per cent of
those aged 65 to 75.
The percentage of those classed as heavy drinkers also showed a distinct pattern. People in middle age (35 to
54) tended to be the heaviest drinkers – approximately 13 per cent of the total. A relatively small proportion
of those in the youngest age group, and an even smaller percentage of those in the oldest group (roughly 3
per cent) drink heavily.
Overall, age appears to be a significant factor in patterns of drinking behavior.
(177 words)

The table shows the average length of YouTube video advertisements and average length of time
viewers spend watching them. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main
features.
Average YouTube Video ad length and time viewed
The table shows the average length of YouTube video advertisements by sector and average length of time
viewers spent watching these advertisements.
The average length of the advertisements varied from a low of 21.8 seconds for pharmaceuticals to a high of
66.7 for public service advertisements. With the exception of government- and technology- related
advertisements, in general, products and services which required a large financial commitment tended to
have longer advertisements. Entertainments, financial services and travel advertisements, for example, were
all twenty eight seconds on average or longer. Less expensive products, on the other hand, such as consumer
electronics, clothing and medicines, tended to have shorter advertisements.
Adverts for more expensive products or services also tended to be watched for longer than adverts for less
expensive items. Viewers on average watched more than 50 per cent of advertisements for entertainment,
travel, business and finance. In contrast, viewers tended to watch less of government advertisements and
advertisements for cheaper goods such as consumer electronics, clothing and medicines.
Overall, length of YouTube video advertisements and length of time spent viewing such advertisements
appears to be associated with the perceived cost of the product or service being advertised.
(195 words)

The bar graph below shows the numbers of male and female research students studying six computer
science subjects at a US university in 2011. Summarise the information by selecting and report in the
main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The bar chart shows the gender distribution of students doing computer scientific research across a range of
disciplines at a US university in 2011.
In five of the six disciplines, males outnumbered females. Male students made up a particularly large
proportion of the student group in subjects related to the study of programming objects: mathematics,
programming, and engineering. The gender gap was particularly large in the field of mathematics, where
there were five times as many male students as female students.
Men and women were more equally represented in subjects related to the study of computer science: natural
sciences, psychology, and linguistics. In natural science, there were nearly as many women [approximately
200] as men [approximately 240]. This was also true of psychology. Linguistics was the only discipline in
which women outnumbered men [roughly 110 women vs. 90 men].
Overall, the chart shows that at this university, computer science subjects continue to be male-dominated;
however, women have a significant presence in fields related to psychology and the computer sciences.
(169 words)

The pie charts show the average consumption of food in the world in 2008 compared to two countries;
China and India. Write a report to a university lecturer describing the data.
The graphs illustrate the consumption of 4 types of food used in the word in 2008. The figures are compared
to the amounts of food used in china and India in the same year.
As an overall trend, the two countries showed different food consumption from the world average, while
processed food consumption still had the largest percentages in all the three charts.
In particular, processed food consumption was the highest in the in the world, accounting for 41%, which
was followed by vegetables and fruits at 29% and animal food at a quarter. Only 4% consisted of nut and
seeds consumption.
Likewise, China used processed food in the largest proportion of 39%. Animal food showed the same figure
as the world’s average, 25%. Vegetable and fruits was used at 23% while nuts and seeds showed less than a
half figure.
In India, both vegetable and processed food were used the most in the year 2008 with percentages of 34%
and 32% respectively, nuts and seeds used in this country showed the largest proportion among the three
charts given, making up 19% at this time. (185 words)

The diagram shows the procedure for university entry for high school graduates. Write a report for a
university or college lecturer describing the information.
The flowchart illustrates the various steps that a high school student must follow to enter university.
Once the high school has been obtained, students need to complete an application for university entrance. This
can be downloaded from the university website. The completed application should then be sent to the
administration.
Applicants receive a reply two weeks later which is provisional acceptance, a rejection or an acceptance. If a
rejection is received, students can either cancel their application altogether or complete an application for an
alternative course and send to the administration office.
A provisional acceptance means that more documentation is required. Applicants in this situation should
complete the additional documentation and submit them to the office. When an acceptance is received, the
applicant should complete the enrolment form and select which subjects he or she wishes to undertake and
register with the dean. When all this is complete, the applicant may enter university.
(194 words)

The graphs show changes in spending habits of people in UK between 1971 and 2001. Write a report to
a university lecturer describing the data.
The pie charts show changes in UK spending patterns between 1971 and 30 years later, 2001.
As an overall trend, increased amounts of money spent on cars, computers and eating out were made up for by
drops in expenditure on food and books.
In detail, food and car made up the two biggest item of expenditure in both years. Together they comprised
over half of household spending in the UK. Food accounted for 44% of spending in 1971, but this dropped by
two thirds to 14% in 2001. However, the outlay on cars doubled, rising from 22% in 1971 to 43% in 2001.
Other areas changed significantly. Spending on eating out doubled, climbing from 7% to 14%. The proportion
of salary spent on computers increased dramatically, up from 2% in 1971 to 12% in 2001. However, as
computer expenditure rose, the percentage of outlay on books plunged from 6% to 1%.
(151 words)

The pie chart below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in UK in
2002. Proportion of people from each household type living in poverty. Summarise the information by
selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Proportion of people from each household type living in poverty
The pie chart examines the different type of families who were living in poor conditions in UK in the year
2002.
As an overall trend, 14% of the entire households in UK at that time were in conditions of poverty. In general,
single people struggled more than couples.
In particular, as far as people with children are concerned, sole parents showed the highest percentage of 26%
among all the given categories while couples with children accounted for a relatively smaller percentage of
15%.
When it comes to people with no children, single people made up a large percentage of 24%, which is almost
the same figure for single people with children. On the other hand, only 9% of the couples without any children
suffered from poverty in
2002. In terms of aged people, singles had a slightly higher percentage than couples. Only 7% and 5% of the
aged population had hardships in their living circumstances.
(155 words)

The bar charts below give information about the railway system in six cities in Europe. Summarise the
The bar charts illustrate comparable information related to railway systems in six capital cities in Europe; Paris,
Stockholm, Lisbon, Rome, Madrid and Berlin.
In general, railway systems in different cities vary in terms of the start dates of each system, the sizes, and the
numbers of passengers using the systems in a year.

As far as the ages are concerned, Paris has the oldest railway system among the six cities. It was opened in the
year 1863, which is incomparable to the other cities. On the other hand, Berlin has the newest railway system
which was opened in Europe 2001.
In terms of the sizes, Paris, for certain, has the longest route, 394km, which is nearly twice the figure
for Stockholm. Madrid, in contrast, has the shortest route in its railway system, only 28km.
When it comes to the numbers of people using the railway system in each, Lisbon shows the largest number
of 1927 million passengers in a year while Madrid serves the smallest number of railway users, 45 millions.
(170 words)

The bar graph indicates sales figures for reading materials from 2002 to 2012. Write a report to a
university lecturer describing the information shown below.
The graph shows the changes in the sales of four different types of publications for a decade since 2002.
In general, all the given categorise except hobbies book showed a rising trend in the sales over the period. The
sales of history books were the highest while those of art books were the lowest.
In particular, the sales of the biggest sellers, history books, experienced an overall growth during the period.
The sales were around 4500 copies in 2002, and then reached a peak of 10000 in 2008. Although the figure
dropped slightly after then, history books remained the greatest sellers with around 9000 copies sold in 2012.
The sales of art books and entertainment books showed a similar pattern of a steady growth. The figure for art
books increased slowly from around 1500 copies in 2002 to just under 4000 in 2012 while that for
entertainment books went through a moderate rise from approximately 1300 copies in 2002 to 3000 in 2012.
On the other hand, the last category, hobbies book, did not show an upward trend. The sales of hobbies book
showed the lowest sales figures, and the figure generally remained constant at between 500 and 700 copies.
(199 words)

The graphs show figures relating to hours worked and stress levels amongst professionals in eight
groups. Describe the information shown to a university or collage lecturer.
Two graphs give different information related to eight professional groups. The bar chart indicates the number
of weekly work hours done by the groups while the pie graph illustrates the percentages of people suffering
from stress related illness in the different professions given.
In general, business men work the longest among the eight groups while the smallest amount of time is
normally worked by lecturers. According to the pie chart, lecturers struggle the most with work-related stress.

Although their average working hours is smaller than any other group in the chart, lecturers suffer from the
highest level of stress caused by their job.
The bar graph shows that business men and movie producers work the most at about 70 hours and 62 hours
per week respectively. At the opposite end of the scale, lecturers work only around 25 hours. Working hours
of other professionals varied with doctors, writers, programmers, lawyers and chefs working approximately
52, 46, 35 and 32 hours per week in the name ordered.
The pie graph shows that the professional who has the highest incidence of stress related illnesses is lecturers
at 25%. Movie producers and doctors also have high rates with 18% and 15% each. The figures for business
men, lawyers, chefs and writers can be grouped into percentages between 11 and 8%. The lowest rate of stress
illness is attributed to programmers at only 5%, which is only a fifth the figure for lecturers.
(239 words)

Describe the information in the table and make comparisons where appropriate.
The chart illustrates average distance travelled by various modes of transport in Netherland in 2001 and
2006. The figures are given in miles and to show how people’s preference changed over time.
In general, people in Netherland travelled more in the year 2006 than in 2001. Cars showed unparalleled
figures among the given categories. Except walking, using bicycles and taking local buses, most of the
categories showed overall increases in the distance travelled.
In detail, a person driving his own car travelled 3,199 miles on average in 2001, and the average distance
showed a moderate rise to 4,806 miles in 2006. Apart from cars, taking trains, using long distance buses and
taxis also experienced an overall growth in their figures from 289 miles to 366, from 54 miles to 124, and
from 13 miles to 42 respectively in the order named.
On the other hand, walking and rising bicycles were not more favored by Dutch people. Both categories
showed a moderate decline in their figures. Meanwhile, the number of people who used local buses must
have dropped significantly as the average distance experienced a dramatic fall from 429 miles in 2001 to 274
miles in 2006.
(195 words)

The graphs indicate the source of complaints about the bank of America and the amount of time it
takes to have the complaints resolved.
Summarise the information by selecting and report in the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.
The two graphs depict different information related to complaints within the bank of America. The pie graph
shows the sources of complaints, while the bar graph illustrates the average time taken between investigation
into complaints and final action taken.
In general, by far the highest number of complaints against the bank of America originated from the public.
The bar graph shows the average time period between investigation and action is around 5 months.

63% of all complaints against the bank of America are lodged by the public. Of the remaining 37% of
complaints, the figures can be grouped into percentages between 11 and 8%, which are made up of
government agencies, out-of-state agencies, and insurance companies. Then interestingly, media and bank
employee made up and equal figure, 3% in the chart.
The bar graph shows that 2001 had the highest waiting time for complaints of medical misconduct at 6
months. Although there is a significant drop from 6 months in 2001 to 5 months in 2002, all previous and
proceeding years display an average waiting period of 5 months. Despite this, over time the average waiting
period is decreasing.
(189 words)

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.
Autumatic Photo Booth
The flow chart shows the main feature of a coin-operated photo booth, which allows the user to take large or
passport-size self-portraits.
Two buttons on the outside of the booth allow you to select the size of photo (large format or passport size).
If the large format setting is chosen, you will only receive one photo. Passport-sized photos are issued in sets

of four. Two buttons below these let you choose colour or black and white, although you must choose colour
for passport photos. There is also a slot on the outside of the booth for the insertion of coins, and a larger slot
where the photos are delivered.
Inside the booth, there is an adjustable seat to sit on. The seat should be adjusted so that your eyes are level
with the arrow on the screen. A mirror allows you to check your appearance before the photos are taken.
The curtain in the doorway should be closed when the photos are taken. A light to the right of the screen
comes on, telling you to prepare. After this, the flash goes off after three seconds. The photographs are
delivered outside within sixty seconds.
(193 words)

The pie graphs show the nutritional consistency of two dinners. Write a report to a university lecturer
describing the data.
The graphs compare the proportion of various nutritional compounds contained in two different foods;
macaroni and medium baked potato.
In general, there are a larger percentage of carbohydrates and saturated fats in macaroni than in medium
baked potato. In contrast, medium baked potato has a much higher amount of protein and glucose.

In particular, macaroni mainly consists of large amounts of carbohydrate and saturated fats. Carbohydrates
take up slightly more than a half, 52%, while a little less than a quarter is made up of saturated fats. The
other nutrients show relatively lower proportions.
On the other hand, medium baked potato is mostly comprised of carbohydrates and protein. The amount of
carbohydrates in the food is less than in macaroni, but they still take up the greatest percentage of 35% in
medium baked potato. Interestingly, this dinner cereal has a large amount of protein with 25%, which is very
different from macaroni. The other types of nutrients do not show significant figures in the pie chart.
(166 words)

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
The diagram shows the two processes for manufacturing black tea. The traditional way is used for making
loose tea and modern process is ideal for teabags.

When collecting tea, the tea picker picks only the two top leaves and the bud of ensure a high quality tea.
Then, the tea leaves go through withering, where leaves are spread out and air is passed through withering,
where leaves are spread out and air is passed through them to remove up to 60 per cent of their moisture.
After that, the leaves are ready for rolling or cutting. Factories use traditional methods of rolling and
crushing or faster modern methods of cutting, tearing and curling to make teabags. In both processes, natural
enzymes are produced from the leaves. The next step is oxidation, where the enzymes from the leaves mix
with the air. This changes the colour of the leaves from green to copper and creates a nice flavour and aroma.
Finally, the leaves are fired and dried. By this stage, little moisture remains in the tea-just three per cent.
(178 words)

The diagram shows the relationship between a numbers of different languages. Summarise the
The diagram shows the varieties of English spoken throughout the world and how they are related.
There are two main branches of English: British English and American English. The British English Branch
is geographically wide-spread. It extends across several continents from the West Indies, through the British
Isles themselves, Africa, the Indian subcontinent, the Far East and Australasia. In addition to the four
varieties of English spoken in the British Isles (i.e. in Ireland, Wales, Scotland and England), it includes a
large number of other varieties, for instance Jamaican English, South Africa English, and Australian English.
The American branch is largely restricted to the American continent. It comprises the varieties of English
spoken in the different region of the United States itself, as well as in Canada. Beyond the continent, the
extent of its influence is limited to the Philippines in the Far East and American Samoa in the Pacific.
In brief, the diagram shows that, like the economic and political influence of the Anglo Saxon countries, the
reach of English has extended to virtually every region of the world.
(180 words

The barchart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of telephone calls in Australia,
divided into three categories, from 2001- 2008. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting
the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The chart shows the time spent by Australian resident on different types of telephone calls between 2001 and
2008.
Local fixed line calls were the highest throughout the period, rising from 72 billion minutes in 2001 to just
under 90 billion in 2003. After peaking at 90 billion the following year, these calls had fallen back to the
2001 figure by 2008.
National and international fixed line calls grew steadily from 38 billion to 61 billion at end of the period in
question, though the growth slowed over the last two years.
There was a dramatic increase in mobile calls from 2 billion to 46 billion minutes. This rise was particularly
noticeable between 2005 and 2008, during which time the use of mobile phones tripled.
To sum up, although local fixed line calls were still most popular in 2008, the gap between the three
categories had narrowed considerably over the second half of the period in question.
(157 words)

The pie charts below give information on the ages of the populations of Oman and Spain in 2005 anf
projections for 2055. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and
make comparisons where relevant.
The pie charts show significant comparison of age groups in Oman and Spain. Initial statistics are concerning
2005 and some predictions about the ages of the populations are made referring to 2055.
It is apparent from the charts people who were under consisted half of the population of Oman in 2005. 48%
and a negligible 4% of Oman population were 15-59 and 60 and over respectively. However, following a
half century is assessed to bring staggering alteration of dominant positions in Oman population.
Proliferation from 48% to 57% can be cited as example which will make 15 to 59 year old Oman people
dominant in 2055.

However, in 2005, 62 percent of Spanish people were between 19 and 59. Predictions about that status
illustrate not significant alterations in the dominance of age groups.
Overall, it is important to note that, in 2055, proportion of people under 14 will slide away in both countries.
However, this trend will cause middle aged people to take over dominant position solely in Oman.
(169 words)

The bar chart below give information about five countries spending habits of shopping on consumer
goods in 2012. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
The chart compares the spending habits of shoppers in five European countries on six consumer products,
namely console games, outdoor game accessories, cosmetics, books, toys and camera. Overall, more money
was spent on the latter two than on any other product.
It can be observed that in Britain, the highest amount of money was spent on camera (more than 160 million
pounds), while similar amounts were spent on console games and outdoor game accessories. The Austrian
spent the second highest amount of money on the first three products while they stood last in the latter three.
It is also revealed that Spanish spent more money on toys than on any other product (a bit less than £150
million), but they also paid a lot for camera. Finally, Belgian spent the least overall, having similar spending
figures for all 6 products compared in the bar chart.
To sum up, the British were the biggest spenders in all six categories among the nations compared in the bar
chart while the lowest spending levels were attributed to the residents of Belgium.
(178 words)

The chart below gives information about “Istanbul Promo plus” sales in 2007. Summarise the
The chart shows how Promo Plus in Istanbul fluctuated over a period of 12 months. It is observed that in the
first month of 2007, Promo Plus sales stood at 200 million turkish lira and rose slightly to reach about 225
million in February. This was followed by another increase, although much steeper, in March when sales
where almost 125 million turkish lira higher than February.
However, this upward trend was suddenly broken and sales plummeted dramatically over the next 4 months
to reach a little over 100 million turkish lira in July. August sales showed a significant rise back to January
levels as figures nearly doubled, but this was not to last as they dropped again in September to the same level
as they were in July. October came with a small increase of about 100 million turkish lira in sales, after
which sales figures levelled off and remained relatively static over the last two months of 2007.
Overall, Promo Plus in Istanbul remained relatively unchanged in 2007 as January and December sales were
fairly equal. Also, sales were at their highest in March while the weakest sales figures could be observed in
July and September.
(197 words)

The table below highlights data on the number of travelers using three major German airports
between 2007 and 2012. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant.
The table shows information about how many people visited Germany through three major airports, over a
five-year period, there was a fluctuant trend in the number of travelers who travelled via Dusseldorf, while
the other two airports saw an upward trend. Another interesting point is that Frankfurt airport was the most
popular at the end.
Looking at the detail, the number of passengers at Dusseldorf started at 27.2m in 2007, and then increased
remarkably to reach the highest point of 48.2m in 2009. In 2011, the figure dipped to 33.2m. At the last year,
there was a slight growth to 45.6m. On the other hand, Frankfort began at 36.5m in 98, after that it rose
remarkably for the next three years, at 47.3m. In 2012, Frankfort hit the peak point at 69.3m passengers.
However, if we look at Berlin Tegal airport, it started at the lowest point of 17.3m travelers in the first year.
After this point, the trend increased significantly to 43.3m passengers.
(165 words)

The pie chart gives information on UAE government spending in 2000. The total budget was AED 315
billion. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
The graph tells us about the budget of the UAE government in 2000. In general, the most important targets
were social security, health, and education.
The biggest slice of the pie chart is taken up by social security including pensions, employment assistance
and other benefits which made up slightly under one-third of total expenditure. Health and personal social
services was the second highest budget cost. Hospital and medical services accounted for AED 53 billion, or
about 15% of the budget. Education cost UAE AED 38 billion which comprises almost 12% of the whole
budget. The government spent about seven percent of revenue on debt, and roughly similar amounts went
towards defence (AED 22 billion) and law and order (AED 17 billion).
Spending on housing, transport and industry totalled AED 37 billion. Finally, other expenditure accounted
for AED 23 billion.
All in all, the bulk of UAE government spending goes on social welfare and health. However, education,
defence, and law and order are also major areas of spending. (167 words)

The bar chart shows the number of visitors to three London Museums between 2007 and 2012.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.
The bar chart illustrates information about how many people per year visited three London museums over
six-year period from 2007 to 2012.
Overall, what stands out from the graph is there was gradual upward trend in the number of visitors of the
National Gallery, which became the most popular museum from being at last place, while the Victoria and
Albert Museum followed the opposite trend. In detail, in the first two years of the period, the number of
visitors of Victoria and Albert Museum remained stable at 13.5 million, and then fell to 9 million in 2010,
while that of British Museum, dropped significantly by 50%, from 12 million to 6 million and remained at
this level in 2009.
However, there was gradual upward trend in the number of visitors of both British Museum and Victoria and
Albert from 2010 to 2012, the former number doubled and the latter rose by more than 50%, finishing at 14.5
and 40 million respectively. In addition, there was significant increase of the number of visitors of National
Gallery over the whole six-year period, the figure finishing at almost 16 million.
(184 words)

The line graph shows Paris Metro station passengers. Summarise the information by selecting and
report in the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The line-graph indicates the number of people using a metro station in Paris over a given day of year.
The number of passengers rises sharply in the morning reaching a peak of 400 at 8 am. After the morning
peak there is a steady drop to 300 at 9 am and less than 200 at 10 am. Between 10 am and 11 am there is a
slight increase. The number plateaus just below 300 between 12 noon and 2 pm. In the afternoon, there is a
decline in the number of citizens using the station to just 80 at 4 pm. The evening brings a huge increase
from 200 at 5 pm to almost 400 at 6 pm. The number of passengers tapers off slightly after 6 pm, but falls
quickly to 120 by 8 pm. After a small rise at 9 pm, the number tails off to 120 at 10 pm.
All in all, the time series show that the greatest number of passengers gather in the station early in the
morning and also early in the evening.
(178 words)

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting description of the correlation of the table that
follow.
There is a clear correlation between the litres of beer consumed per capita and number of alcohol related
deaths. The table shows that the greatest beer consumption in 2002 was to be found in Czech Republic,
Germany and Austria, and that each of these regions also had by far the largest litres of alcohol related deaths
in 2005. Czech Republic, with the greatest beer consumption per litre, namely over hundred and thirty for
2002, also experienced well over one million litres alcohol-related deaths by 2005. The region with the
second highest beer consumption was Germany, with nearly 107 litres, and it also recorded the second
highest number of alcohol-related deaths, namely 1.185 million.
In all regions except Canada it can be seen that the higher beer consumption, the higher the alcohol-related
mortality rate. It is interesting that in Canada, with the lowest level of beer consumption, at 86 per capita, the
mortality rate was the high as in Ireland, namely 0.58 million, although in the latter the consumption level
was high. Clearly other health or economic factors must be involved. It is also interesting to note that in each
case the number of female death was significantly lower than that of males, which seems to be a reflection of
the fact that in general far fewer women than men drink.
(220 words)

The diagram below shows the number of houses built per year in two cities, Derby and Nottingham,
Between 2000 and 2009. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown
below.
The bar chart describes the number of houses built in two neighboring cities, Derby and Nottingham,
Between 2000 and 2009.
Overall, the number of houses that were erected in Derby exceeded upwards the quantity constructed in
Nottingham. The trend for the former was decidedly upwards, with Derby experiencing a steady rise from 40
new houses in the first year, to just under 120 during the 2003. Over the next 4 years of decade, new houses
construction in Derby remained constant at just under 120. This is in sharp contrast to the last two years
when the number of houses that went up in Derby leapt, first to 280 and then to 350 houses.
Houses building in Nottingham, by comparison, was much more erratic. In the first two years of the decade,
more houses were erected in Nottingham than in Derby. In 2002, however, construction declined to only 20.
Over the next three years, houses numbers rose steadily, only to drop practically to zero in 2006. There was
then a dramatic surge in 2007 with over 200 houses being built. While in 2008 saw house building in
Nottingham plummeting to only 10, in 2009 the number of new houses rocketed to 270, a rise of more than
2600 % on the previous year.
(212 words)

The graph below presents the employment patterns in the USA between 1930 and 2010. Summarise
the information by selecting and report in the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
In 1930, 75% of the labour force in the USA was employed in farming, fishing and foresting while only 10%
worked in sales and office and trade. At the same time both the Industrial sector and the technical sector
constituted just 2% of the workforce each. This situation changed only very gradually over the next 20 years,
except for the technical workforce, which increased more than threefold.
However by 1980 there had been a significant change in the pattern of employment. While the farming,
fishing and foresting employees had declined in number to 40% of the workforce, Industrial employees as
well as technical had increased their share to 13% and 10% respectively.
Similarly the sales and office sectors did not increase until 1980. The most dramatic change could be seen by
2000, when the proportion of farming, fishing and foresting works reduced to just 10% while the three other
major sectors had all increased to over 20% of the workforce.
(160 words)

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