ASSIGNMENT 1

LNB 40102 – CAM TECHNOLOGY

MUHAMAD NAZREN BIN MOHAMED ZAIDI

(56211115004)

(L02)

COURSE LECTURER : MR ASMAWI BIN ISMAIL

 ABSTRACT

This report is prepared to acknowledge the fundamental of CAD/CAM and CNC application
–in brief and precise. Its purpose is to equip student before further their studies on that
particular subject in depth in coming weeks. The report –on fundamental of CAD/CAM and
CNC application –comprises of the definition, advantage and its significance, the workflow
and to its application in Marine Industries and Ship Technology.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

CAD/CAM process is often referred to as computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM).

CAD/CAM or CIM system is a combination of hardware and software (Agus, 2016).
Integration of Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) in
early 1950 has consecutively prosper the manufacturing industries in term of production cost
and time to the efficiency. Cutting technique and technologies is important field to explore
and require a constant development, yet CAD/CAM and advanced in CNC machining
technology arrived at the corner. This to allow the implementation of new construction
concept and sequences (Guluwita et al, 2014).

Over the time, advancement in CNC machine and computer graphic has seen this
technology evolution to the extent of the latest manufacturing trend, the automotion. CAD
and CAM exist coeternally where CAD is a computer technology that designs a product and
documents the design phase of the engineering process. Meanwhile, CAM is a computer
software to control machine tools and related machinery in the manufacturing process
through the created G-code. As for the G-code, or literally understood as the instruction to
control the movement of the automated tool, is created from the CAD drawing.
FIGURE 1 Integration of CAD/CAM requires combination of software and hardware

Geometric code or G-code is a programming language that gives the instruction to

CNC machine. It follow the variation of alpha numeric pattern as in TABLE 1.
Example of G-code are as follow:

G01 X1 Y1 F20 T01 M03 S500

TABLE 1 G-code and its meaning

CODE FUNCTION
N Line number
G Motion
X Horizontal position
Y Vertical position
Z Depth
F Feed rate
S Spindle speed
T Tool selection
M Miscellaneous functions; generally
codes that tell a machine how to
perform an action
 I&J Incremental center of an arc
R Radius of an arc

2.0 APPLICATION OF CAD/CAM IN MARINE INDUSTRY

Consistency, accuracy and of all the productivity are all the element present in the
CAD/CAM technology which cover the need for marine industries in term of shipbuilding.
Mold construction must be free of edges, corner and undesired shape for a reliable and
durable hull. CNC machine capable of efficiently trim the excess material from even the huge
and complex structure to perfectly match all the part is completely alter the painstaking
process of attain a proper joining in previous.

To some extent, CNC machine would detect error in advance and thus prevent the
reworks and repair job. Inch-perfect precision of CNC machine help the hull to retain its
strength and shape through a perfect cut of stringer and rib. Thus, the approach toward
CAD/CAM technology should be emphasise as to improve the productivity, locally, and
response to the incoming 4.0 Industrial Revolution, globally.

3.0 IMPORTANCE OF CAD/CAM/CIM IN SHIPBUILDING TECHNOLOGY

There were numerous benefit gain from implementing CAD/CAM, among the knowable
are offering a shorter building period, better control of the production and prove more
detailed planning structure. CAD/CAM technology may alter the extra and costly data
translation steps between applications that are operating on the same 3-D model. Some
systems offer a complete set of fully integrated applications for the complete process from
part design through mold design, NC programming, electrode design and CMM inspection
 programming.

CNC

Conventional

FIGURE 2 Comparison of sheetmetal fabrication in the conventional and CNC method.

CAD/CAM technologies encourage for automation for better productivity and

thus reduce the labour/time cost simultaneously at estimation of 40% (Galie & Blais,
1981). It altered the time-consuming of manual operation of rough shearing, hole
punching, finish trimming, lofting and layout operation as in Figure 2.

The finish design is feasible to store in the computer purposely for future
reference, updating and makes design changes go faster and simple changes can be
updated automatically. Complex structure of ship or offshore platform require a team
to work alongside each other and thus to keep the data organised is possible through
this technology beside allow for easier information sharing.

Design changes could be done quicker than in previous where a draftperson

need to redraw the design up to latest specification. Those behaviour of the design can
be simulate in the software such the design airflow, stresses and strain.

CAD/CAM system is programmed to detect error in advance as before the

steel or wood are machine. It validate the numerical control data with G-code to run
the machine tool simulation. Integrated CAD/CAM systems can include tools to
 validate and even improve part and tool designs throughout the process; molded part
manufacturability checks, injection molding simulation and tool motion simulation
with collision detection.

4.0 OVERVIEW OF CAD/CAM PROCESS

In short, the process begin from modelling and designing in CAD software to
machine CNC part is as stated in Autodesk’s Fundamentals of CNC Machining
(2014):
(i) Begin with CAD model
(ii) Establish job parameter including CNC coordinate system and stock
shape/size.
(iii) Select CNC process.
(iv) Select cutting tool and machining parameters.
(v) Select driving CAD geometry.
(vi) Verify toolpath.
(vii) Post Process.
(viii) Transfer G-code program to CNC machine.
(ix) Set up and operate CNC machine to make part.

5.0 CONCLUSION

Cutting technique and technologies are important field to explore and require a
constant development. Thus, CAD/CAM and CNC machine need to bilaterally involve in this
section –the cutting activities –since it has remarkable impact to shipbuilding prosperity in
term of quality, production capacity and cost, and labour-time. Automation is another area to
be aware at, since CAD/CAM technology emphasise those in its existence. Involvement in
project that promotes cutting edge technology - CAD/CAM and CNC technology – should be
encouraged to foster the development of nation marine industries and it meant for diplomatic
between state which prominent and epitome in shipbuilding; the likes of South Korea and
Japan.
6.0 REFERENCES

CAD/CAM: Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing, by Mikell P. Groover and Emory

W. Zimmers Jr., Printice Hall of India Private Limited.

Design of Machine Tools by S. K. Basu and D. K. Paul, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt.
Limited.

A.B. Prasetyo (2016) SURFACE MODELLING, CAM, RAPID PROTOTYPING, DAN

REVERSE ENGINEERING, Bandung, Indonesia: Politeknik Manufaktur Negeri Bandung.

A. Frankel (1/1/2012) Five Benefits of Integrated CAD/CAM, Available

at: https://www.moldmakingtechnology.com/articles/five-benefits-of-integrated-
cadcam (Accessed: 20nd July 2018).

AutoDesk (2014) Fundamentals of CNC Machining, n.a edn., USA: .

Autumn (18th June 2018) 10 Top Advantages to Using CAD-CAM in the CNC

Manufacturing Process, Available at: https://bobcad.com/10-top-advantages-to-using-cad-

cam-in-the-cnc-manufacturing-process/ (Accessed: 18th July 2018).

Bethany (27 Jan 2018) The History of CAM—Past, Present and Future, Available
at: https://www.scan2cad.com/cad/history-of-cam/ (Accessed: 18th July 2018).

L. Leao (27 September 2017) CAD vs CAE vs CAM: What is the Difference?, Available
at: https://www.e3seriescenter.com/modern-electrical-engineering-blog/cad-vs-cae-vs-cam-
what-is-the-difference (Accessed: 18th July 2018).

Guluwita, S.P., M.N.M. Faizer and G.H.T.D. Dharmarathne (2014). Analysis Of The Effect
Of Plasma
Cutting On Deformation of Thin Steel Plates In Hull
Construction. SAITM Research Symposium on Engineering Advancements.

Oliviera & Gordo (2017) Cutting processes in shipbuilding—a case study, London: Maritime
Transportation and Harvesting of Sea Resources.