PREPARED BY: PRETTY ELKA K GEORGE 1 SHORT NOTES FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE PAPER 1 (2018)

ROAD TO “NO-E”
(GRAMMAR FOCUS)

1. NOUNS (Kata Nama) 2. PRONOUNS (Kata Ganti Nama)

 Common Nouns (kata nama am)  Personal Pronouns

Singular (satu) Plural (lebih dari satu) Personal Pronouns Possessive Possessive Reflexive
Pronouns Pronouns
school schools Subject Object Adjectives

flower flowers form form

I me my mine myself

you you your yours yourself /

 Countable Nouns : things that can be counted yourselves
(boleh dikira) E.g: book, car, eggs, etc.
he him his his himself

she her her hers herself

 Uncountable Nouns : things that cannot be counted
it it its its itself
(tidak boleh dikira) E.g: sugar, air, sand, salt, etc.
we us our ours ourselves

they them their theirs them-

 Proper Nouns (kata nama khas)
selves
 Initial letter is capitalized : Nurul, SK Bahagia

 Specific people, places, species

 Demonstrative Pronouns

Near (dekat) Far (jauh)

 Collective Nouns
Singular (satu) This (ini) That (itu)
 Things (objek)
Plural (banyak) These (ini) Those (itu)
 A basket of apples

 A bucket of water
 Interrogative Pronouns (7W, 1H)
 A packet of sugar
 What…? (apakah)
 A bottle of milk, etc.
 Where…? (dimanakah)
 Animals (haiwan)
 When…? (bilakah)
 A school of fish
 Why…? (mengapakah)
 A herd of cows
 Who…? (Siapakah)
 A pack of wolves
 Whose…? (Kepunyaan siapakah)
 A litter of puppies, etc.
 Which…? (Yang mana satukah)
 People (orang)
 How…? (Bagaimanakah)
 A group of people
 How many…? (Berapakah)
 A team of doctors, etc.
PREPARED BY: PRETTY ELKA K GEORGE 2 SHORT NOTES FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE PAPER 1 (2018)

3. VERBS (Kata Kerja) 4. ACTION VERBS (AV)

Actions that can be seen or done physically.

A) Verb to-be (VTB) (perbuatan yang boleh dilihat secara fizikal / nyata)

Present T. Past T.

Singular is was PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE

Plural are were Singular: walks Singular: walked

 Anna is sick. / Anna and Siti are sick. Plural: walk Plural: walked

 Anna was sick yesterday. / Anna and Siti were sick

yesterday.
SIMPLE PAST TENSE FOR REGULAR AV

-d -ed -ied
B) Verb to-do (VTD)
bathe = bathed order = ordered dry = dried
Present T. Past T.
change = changed jump = jumped cry = cried
Singular does
did care = cared learn = learned carry = carried
Plural do

 Anna does her homework at home.

SIMPLE PAST TENSE FOR IRREGULAR AV
 Anna and Siti do their homework at home.
Present Tense Past Tense
 Anna and Siti did their homework at home last night.
Run Ran

Draw Drew
C) Verb to-have (VTH)
Sew Sow
Present T. Past T.
Write Wrote
Singular has
had
Plural have

 Budin has a cat. Anna and Siti have a cat.

5. CONJUNCTIONS (Kata Hubung) - FANBOYS 6. PREPOSITIONS

 FOR (untuk) They are usually used before the nouns or pronouns. They
show position / location, direction and time.
 The dress is given to her for her birthday.

 The books are for Miss Lily.

Preposition of TIME
ARTICLES
 At
 AND (dan) 1. “a”
 On
 I have a book and two pens.
“a” is used to show one
 In
 First, we will go to school and then we will go to the object. It is used when the
shop later.  By noun begins with a
consonant letter.
 Since

E.g.: a book, a pen, a

cat
PREPARED BY: PRETTY ELKA K GEORGE 3 SHORT NOTES FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE PAPER 1 (2018)

 NOR ( dan bukan juga)

 I don’t like neither the red dress nor the black dress. Preposition of LOCATION

 Neither Ali nor James knew the directions.  Above

 In front of

 BUT (tetapi)  Under

 I like chocolate but I don’t like coffee.  In

 It is raining but I still feel hot.  Between

 Behind

 OR (atau / dan juga)

 I prefer either the pink or the yellow coloured bag. Preposition of DIRECTION

 Do you want to eat nasi lemak or fried rice?  Up

 Along

 YET (tetapi dalam masa yang sama)  Around

 She was sad yet she was smiling.  Down

 The man is very rich yet he is thrifty.  Over

 Through

 SO (oleh itu)  Off

 He likes chocolate so I bought him a chocolate bar.  Into

 The book was torn so I used a tape to mend it.  Onto

 Across

 Other conjunctions:  To

 Because (kerana)  Out of

 Although (walaupun)

 Even though (walaupun)

 If (sekiranya)

 Hence / Therefore (oleh itu)

7. ADVERBS 8. ADJECTIVES (Kata Sifat)

Adverbs tell us more about the verb. Adjectives tell us more about the noun.

(Adverb memberikan sifat / ciri-ciri yang lebih spesifik kepada (Kata sifat memberikan ciri-ciri tertentu kepada sesuatu kata
sesuatu perbuatan) nama *benda, orang, hidupan, dll)

No adverb = The baby cries. TYPES OF ADJECTIVES EXAMPLES

(Bayi itu menangis) DESCRIPTIVE / Beautiful, good, clever, small,

QUALITATIVE (SIFAT) big, intelligent,red, ugly, etc…
With adverb = The baby cries loudly.
QUANTITATIVE Some, any, much, a few, a
(Bayi itu menangis dengan kuat)
little, a lot of, plenty of, etc…
PREPARED BY: PRETTY ELKA K GEORGE 4 SHORT NOTES FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE PAPER 1 (2018)

(JUMLAH)

TYPES OF ADVERBS DISTRIBUTIVE Each, every, either, neither

ADVERBS OF ADVERBS OF ADVERBS OF

MANNER TIME DEMONSTRATIVE This, that, these, those
FREQUENCY
(how) (when) (where)

 Clearly  Before  Here INTERROGATIVE Which, whose, what

 Quietly  After  Everywhere

 Bitterly  Tomorrow  Anywhere POSSESSIVE My, your, his, her, its, our,
their
 Sweetly  Today  Outside

 Gently  Yesterday  Inside

Example:
 Loudly ..etc  There
These tomatoes are red in colour. The tomatoes are ripe.
There are a lot of tomatoes in the basket.
Example:

She is smiling sweetly. There are flowers everywhere. I am

sure it will be a good day after what happened yesterday.

PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT

1. First, identify the type of question. (Tentukan jenis soalan ini.)

Rosli and Roslan bought those books. The books are _______ .

a) his

b) ours This question is about POSSESIVE PRONOUNS

c) theirs

d) mine

2. Identify the tenses used in the sentence. Is it present tense or past tense?

(Tentukan jenis tenses yang digunakan. Adakah ia sedang berlaku atau sudah berlaku?)

Rosli and Roslan bought those books. The books are _______ .

a) his

b) ours This question is in PRESENT TENSE

c) theirs

d) mine
PREPARED BY: PRETTY ELKA K GEORGE 5 SHORT NOTES FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE PAPER 1 (2018)

3. Identity how many subject/s in the sentence. Is it singular or plural? Remove unecessary option.

(Tentukan berapa subjek dalam ayat soalan. Adakah satu sahaja atau ramai/banyak? Buang pilihan jawapan
yang kurang sesuai)

Rosli and Roslan bought those books. The books are _______ .

a) his (singular)

b) ours There are TWO subjects, Rosli and Roslan

c) theirs

d) mine (singular)

4. Choose the most appropriate word based on the sentence in the question. Usually, the rightly-sounded word is

the best option.

(Pilih perkataan yang paling sesuai berdasarkan ayat yang diberikan dalam soalan. Kebiasaannya, perkataan yang
kedengaran sesuai dengan ayat itu adalah jawapan yang paling hampir.)

Rosli and Roslan bought those books. The books are _______ .

a) his (singular)

b) ours (kita) There are TWO subjects, Rosli and Roslan

c) theirs

d) mine (singular)