GRAMMAR APPENDIX

INTRODUCTION
to be
Utilizamos el verbo to be para describir cosas,
expresar hechos generales e indicar la edad.
Recuerda que, al hablar, am, is y are se contraen
con el pronombre sujeto.
I am her sister. (Soy su hermana.)
It’s Monday today. (Hoy es lunes.)
The mice are under the bed.
(Los ratones están debajo de la cama.)
En negativa añadimos la partícula not, que con is
y are se contrae en isn’t y aren’t.
She isn’t my friend. (Ella no es mi amiga.)
Para preguntar se invierte el orden del sujeto y el
verbo. Las respuestas breves llevan solo los
pronombres sujeto y el verbo to be sin contraer en
afirmativa, o contraído en negativa.
Are the children in the garden? Yes, they are. /
No, they aren’t.
(¿Los niños están en el jardín? Sí. / No.)
have got
El verbo have got significa “tener” y expresa lo que
poseemos o las características de alguien o algo
cuando lo describimos. Utilizamos have to con I,
you, we y they, pero has got con he, she e it.
We have got two bathrooms.
(Tenemos dos cuartos de baño.)
Harry has got a small house.
(Harry tiene una casa pequeña.)
En negativa añadimos not a have y has, pero se
usan más las formas contraídas haven’t y hasn’t.
Jim hasn’t got a brother.
(Jim no tiene un hermano.)
En interrogativa ponemos have o has + el sujeto +
got. En las respuestas breves usamos solo los
pronombres sujeto y have / haven’t o has / hasn’t,
sin got.
Has Tom got any sisters? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.
(¿Tom tiene hermanas? Sí. / No.)

1 Complete the sentences with the correct 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form
form of the verb to be. of have got or has got.
1. The boys EVI at school. 1. Jill LEWKSX two brothers.
2. I am not (not) angry. 2. Has Jane got
3. Are you at home? a blue schoolbag?
4. Fred is short. 3. Tom hasn’t got (not) a computer.
5. Jenny isn’t (not) my friend. 4. I have got a new friend.
6. Is Donna from England? 5. They haven’t got (not) a dog.
6. Have you got brown eyes?

Check Yourself!
Circle the correct answers.
1. Tom am / is / are in my class.
2. Pam and Andy have got / has got white shirts.
3. Mike have got / has got two sisters.
4. The boys am not / isn’t / aren’t at school.
5. Have / Has they got a pet cat?
6. Am / Is / Are you in Year 8?
7. The car am not / isn’t / aren’t red.
8. My mother haven’t got / hasn’t got a car.

Answers, see page 112

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 GRAMMAR APPENDIX

There is / There are

There is y there are siginifican “hay”. There is indica que hay una cosa. Va seguido de un nombre contable
singular o de uno no contable. There are indica que hay dos cosas o más. Solo se utiliza con nombres contables
en plural.
There is a cupboard in the kitchen. (Hay un armario en la cocina.)
There’s some fruit on the table. (Hay fruta encima de la mesa.)
There are some apples. (Hay algunas manzanas.)
La negativa se forma añadiendo not o la contracción n’t a is y are.
There isn’t a lamp next to the sofa. (No hay una lámpara junto al sofá.)
There isn’t any fish. (No hay [nada de] pescado.)
There aren’t any chairs. (No hay sillas.)
Para preguntar, se empieza con is o are. En las respuestas breves se vuelve al orden normal y, si son negativas,
se usan las formas contraídas.
Is there a computer in the classroom? Yes, there is. (¿Hay un ordenador en la clase? Sí.)
Is there any water? No, there isn’t. (¿Hay agua? No.)
Are there any oranges? No, there aren’t. (¿Hay naranjas? No.)

El plural irregular

GRAMMAR APPENDIX
Hay sustantivos de plural irregular porque no añaden -s ni -es al singular:
• unos no cambian: fish › fish
• otros cambian un poco: man › men child › children
• y otros cambian mucho: person › people

3 Circle the correct answers. 4 Complete the sentences with the plural
form of the words in brackets.
1. There is / There are some fish in this
lake. 1. I’ve got two white QMGI (mouse).
2. There isn’t / There aren’t a book on 2. Those women (woman) are tall.
the table. 3. Has the baby got two new teeth
3. Is there / Are there any children in (tooth)?
the library? 4. He’s got long feet (foot).
4. There are / There aren’t any men 5. There are ten people (person) in
in this shop. the room.
5. There is / There are a cat on the table.
6. Is there / Are there a train to London?

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentence with the correct form of There is or There are.
1. a mouse under the chair. 5. a car in the garage?
2. people in the library. 6. (not) a sofa in our living room.
3. any new students in the class? 7. 31 days in August.
4. (not) any notebooks on the floor. 8. two sweaters on the bed?

Answers, see page 112

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