Section A

1. Figure 1 shows an arrangement of the apparatus in an experiment to study the

production of electrical energy. Zinc and lead are used in the experiment.

Figure 1

The experiment is repeated by using another pairs of metals. The voltmeter readings
are recorded in Table 1.

Pair of metals Voltmeter reading/V

Aluminium and lead 1.5
Lead and lead 0.0

Table 1

(a) Write down the voltmeter reading with the appropriate unit for the pair of metals,
zinc, and lead.
………………………………………………………………………………………
(1 mark)

(b) What can you infer from the deflected voltmeter needle?
………………………………………………………………………………………
(1 mark)

(c) State the manipulated variable in the experiment.

………………………………………………………………………………………
(1 mark)

(d) Predict the voltmeter reading when a pair of zinc plates are used.
………………………………………………………………………………………
(1 mark)
2. Table 2 shows the results of an experiment to study the effects of temperature on
bacterial growth.

Temperature/°C Size of bacteria colony after 24 hours/mm

0 2
15 5
25 10
35 15
60 3

Table 2

(a) State one hypothesis that can be made from Table 2.

…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………...
(1 mark)

(b) (i) Based on Table 2, draw a graph to show the relationship between the size
of bacterial colony and temperature.

(2 marks)

(ii) Based on the graph, state the optimum temperature for bacterial
growth.
………………………………………………………………………….
(1 mark)
(iii) Predict the size of bacterial colony at 80°C.
………………………………………………………………………….
(1 mark)
 3. Figure 2 shows an experiment to study the effect of impurities on the boiling point
of distilled water.

Figure 2

The results of the experiment are recorded in Table 3.

Substances Boiling point / °C

Distilled water 100
Distilled water + common salt …….

Table 3

(a) Based on the above experiment, complete Table 3. (1 mark)

(b) Write down one inference based on the results of this experiment.

…………………………………………………………………………………..
(1 mark)

(c) State the variables in this experiment.

(i) Manipulated variable : …………………………………………………….

(ii) Responding variable : …………………………………………………….

(2 marks)

(d) What is the operational definition of distilled water?

………………………………………………………………………………….
( 1 mark)
4 The Form 4 Mawar carried out an experiment to study the variation of thumb prints.
There are four groups of thumb prints; curve, loop, whorl and composite.
Figure 3 shows the thumb prints of 25 pupils from the class.

Figure 3

(a) Based on Figure 3, determine the number of pupils in each group. Complete Table 2.

Curve Loop Whorl Composite

Group of thumb print

Number of pupils

Table 2
( 2 marks )
( b ) Based on the result in Table 2, draw a bar chart to show the number of pupils
against the of thumb prints.

( 2 marks )

( c ) Write a conclusion on the type of variation based on the bar chart in (b)

_______________________________________________________________________
( 1 mark )
 SECTION B
( 3O marks )

Answer all questions in this section

5. The diagram shows the human endocrine system

a) Name the glands labeled as P, Q, S and T

P : ______________________________

Q : ______________________________

R : ______________________________

S : ______________________________
( 2 marks )

b) State one function of the hormone secreted by gland Q and T

Q : ______________________________ ( 1 mark )

T : ______________________________ ( 2 marks )
(c) Figure 4.2 shows individual X who has an abnormal height as compared to
individual Y who is normal.

( i ) Based on the endocrine system, what causes the abnormal height in individual X ?

________________________________________________________________________
( 1 mark )

( ii ) Name the endocrine gland involved ini (c)(i)

_______________________________________________________________________
( 1 mark )
6. Figure shows the three types of radioactive radiation

a) Name radiations labeled as :

i. X : _______________________

ii Y : _______________________

iii. Z : _______________________
( 3 marks )

Radioisotopes in Table 1 are important for human beings.

Carbon 1-4 Cobalt – 60 Iodine -131 Uranium – 238

Table 1

c) i) In table, mark with a (  ) the radioisotope used for medical purpose

____________________________________________________________
( 2 marks )

ii) Based on Table 1, which radioisotope is used to determine the age of

ancient bones ?
Write your answer below

____________________________________________________________
( 1 mark )
7. Figure 6.1 shows the formation of brass.

Atom of metal P:_____________ Atom of metal Q : ______________

Figure 6.1
a. On Figure 6.1, name the atoms of metals, P and Q. (2 marks)
b. Name process X.

___________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
c. i) State one property of brass.

_________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
ii) State the effect of the atoms of metal Q in brass.

_________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

Figure 6.2

d. A tap in figure 6.2 is made of brass.

Give one property of the tap if it is made of metal P only.

______________________________________________________________

( 1 mark)
8. Figure 7 shows part of a Nitrogen Cycle.

Figure 7
a) (i) Complete the cycle above to identify substance R in Figure 7.

__________________________________________________________________

(ii) What state must the nitrates be in to be absorbed by the plants?

__________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)

b) Name the types of bacteria involved in processes P and Q.

(i) Process P : ______________________________________________________

(ii)Process Q : ______________________________________________________
(2 marks)
c) Name one plant involved in process P.

_____________________________________________________________________
( 1 mark )

d) Give one example of a chemical fertilizer which increases nitrate content in soil.

_____________________________________________________________________
( 1 mark)
9. Table 1 shows the calorific values of different types of food.

Food Quantity (g) Calorific Value (kJ)

Rice 100 1530
Bread 100 1010
Meat 100 1010
Fish 100 430
Egg 100 700
Fruit Juice 100 210
Vegetable 100 450

Table 1
Tables 2 and 3 show two samples of diet with different calorific values.

Diet A

Food Quantity (g) Calorific Value (kJ)

Rice 400
Bread 230
Meat 120
Fish 100
Egg 60
Fruit Juice 400
Vegetable 250

Total calorific value :____________

Table 2

Diet B

Food Quantity (g) Calorific Value (kJ)

Rice 490
Bread 330
Meat 250
Fish 200
Egg 120
Fruit Juice 300
Vegetable 350

Total calorific value :____________

Table 3
a) Complete tables 2 and 3 by calculating the calorific values of diet A and diet B.
(4 marks)

b) From diet A and diet B, choose the correct for the two individuals below :

i) A male labourer : ___________________________________________________

(1 mark)

ii) A male teacher : ____________________________________________________

(1 mark)

Section C (20 marks)

Instruction: Answer Question 10 and either Question 11 or Question 12.

10. Study the following statement.

Bacterial activity (growth) is affected by the pH of the medium and light

a) Suggest a hypothesis to investigate the above statement. [1 mark]

b) Using petri dishes, nutrient agar, bacteria culture and other
apparatus, describe an experiment to test the hypothesis you
have tested based on the following criteria:
i. Aim of the experiment [1 mark]
ii. Identification of variables [2 marks]
iii. List of apparatus and materials [1 mark]
iv. Method [3 marks]
v. Tabulation of data [1 mark]
vi. Conclusion [1 mark]
11.(a) Iron is an atomic substance whereas sugar is a molecular substance.
State four differences between iron and sugar, based on the substances atomic and
molecular properties. (4 marks)

(b) A student finds that sugar she kept in a jar has dissolved to form a solution.
Explain how to obtain the sugar crystals from the sugar solution. Your explanation
should include the following:

i. Problem statement
ii. Name of the method used
iii. Steps of the method used. (6 marks)

12. a) Discuss how the pollution of the environment is caused by

activities in agriculture. [6 marks]
b) One environmental issue which is always discussed is the
thinning of the ozone layer. Discuss the effects of the
thinning of the ozone layer on plants and humans. [4 marks]
Answer scheme

10. a) Bacteria grow fast in a neutral medium (pH 7) in the dark.

b) i. To study the effects of pH and light on the growth of bacteria.
ii. Manipulated variables: pH values and light.
Responding variables: the number of bacterial colonies
Fixed variables: type of bacteria used (Bacillus subtilis)
iii. Cellophane tape, petri dishes, 10 cm3 nutrient agar, Bacillus subtilis,
bacteria culture, 1 cm3 dilute hydrochloric acid solution, 1 cm3
distilled sodium hydroxide solution and distilled water.
iv. 1. All apparatus are sterilized.
2. 10 cm3 nutrient agar is poured into each petri dish labelled
K,L,M,N,and O.
3. 1 cm3 dilute hydrochloric acid is added to the nutrient agar in petri
dish K. 1 cm3 dilute sodium hydroxide is added to the nutrient agar
in petri dish L. 1 cm3 distilled water is added to the nutrient agar in
petri dish M.
4. The agar in the petri dishes are allowed to cool and set.
5. 1 cm3 of Bacillus subtilis culture is added to the agar surface in
each dish and the dishes are swirled to spread the bacteria evenly.
6. Each petri dish is then sealed with cellophane tape and left in an
inverted position.
7. Petri dishes K, L, M and N are kept in a dark cupboard while petri
dish O is left in a bright place.
8. After 5 days, each petri dish observed.

v. The white spots represent bacterial colonies. Bacteria grow well under
neutral and dark conditions. Acidic, alkaline and light conditions are
not suitable for bacterial growth.
vi.
Factors Petri Condition Observations
studied dishes
pH K Acidic No white spots
M Neutral Many white spots
Light N Dark Many white spots
O Light No white spots

11.(a)
Iron
Consists of one type of elements, that is
iron atom only
Conduct electricity under solid and molten
condition
High boiling point and melting point
Strong force of attraction between particles
Sugar
Consists of a few elements such as carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen
Cannot conduct electricity
Low boiling point and melting point
Has weak force of attraction between
particles
(b) Problem statement : How is crystals of sugar obtained from sugar solution
Method: Crystallization
Hypothesis: Crystals of sugar can be obtained through the crystallization process.
Apparatus : Beaker, cone flask, glass rod, filter funnel, filter paper, Bunsen
burner, ,tripod stand ,wire gauze, evaporating dish
Material : sugar, distilled water
Procedure :
1. 100 cm3 of distilled water is poured into a beaker and the water is heated
2. By using spatula sugar is added into the heated water
3. The solution is stirred and more sugar is added until the solution becomes
saturated
4. The saturated solution is poured into an evaporating dish and left to cool until
crystals are formed
5. The mixture in the evaporating dish is filtered to remove the sugar crystals
6. The sugar crystals on the filter paper are rinsed with cold water
7. The crystals are left to dry on the filter paper

12. a) - Chemical fertilizers containing nitrates and phosphates

dissolve in water and flow into rivers or ponds. These
nutrients stimulate the rapid growth of algae. [1 mark]
The algae covers the surface of water and prevents sunlight
from reaching the base of the rivers or ponds. [1 mark]
Water plants at the base cannot carry out photosynthesis
and finally die. [1 mark]
The decomposition of dead plants by bacteria uses plenty
of oxygen. [1 mark]
The lack of oxygen leads to the death other aquatic
organisms. [1 mark]
- Pesticides and herbicides are absorbed by plants and are
passed on to other organisms in the food chain. [1 mark]
- The clearing of land for agriculture causes soil erosion
which flows into rivers and pollutes the water. [1 mark]

b) Humans- prolonged exposure to ultravioley radiation [1 mark]

can cause mutation, cataracts, skin cancer and lowers the
immune system. [1 mark]
Plants- Reduces chlorophyll pigments and the size of leaves [1 mark]
due to damage to the cell membrane of leaf cells. [1 mark]
Reduces the food content found in plants. [1 mark]
NO ANSWER MARK

7. a. P : Cooper
Q : Zinc 2

b. Alloying 1

c. i) Nice appearance and hard / shiny and strong / Does not 1

rust
 ii) Prevent the layers of atoms from sliding easily over one 1
and another.

d. Easily corrosion and malleable. 1

-------
6
8. a) (i) Ammonia 1

(ii) Solution / Ionic form 1

b) (i) Nitration 1
(ii) Denitrification 1

c) Ground nut/ Bean plant / Pea plant 1

d) Ammonium nitrate 1
-------
6
9. a) Diet A

Food Quantity (g) Calorific Value

(kJ)
Rice 400 6120
Bread 230 2323
Meat 120 1212
Fish 100 430
Egg 60 420
Fruit Juice 400 840
Vegetable 250 1125 1

Total calorific value :12470 kJ 1

Diet B

Food Quantity (g) Calorific Value

(kJ)
Rice 490 7497
Bread 330 3333
Meat 250 2525
Fish 200 860
Egg 120 840
 Fruit Juice 300 630
Vegetable 350 1575 1

Total calorific value :17260 kJ 1

1
b) (i) Diet B
1
(ii) Diet A 6
NO ANSWER MARK
Answers for Section A:

1. (a) 0.6V
(b) The electric current flows throughout the circuit/ The circuit is complete/
The electrolyte conducts electricity
(c) Pair of metals used
(d) No deflection of the voltmeter needle

2. (a) After 24 hours, the size of the bacterial colony will increase if the
temperature increase.
(b) (i)

(ii) 35°C
(iii) 3

3. (a) 102°C
(b) Common salt increase the boiling point of water
(c) (i) Type of substances used
(ii) Boiling point of water
(d) Distilled water is the water that do not contain mineral salt.