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Objectives:
At the end of this experiment, you are expected to have been able to:
Produce carbon dioxide from sodium hydrogen carbonate and acetic acid
Study the stoichiometry of the reaction
Materials Needed:
Baking soda
Vinegar
A wide brimmed glass or clear plastic jar with about 1 L capacity
A plastic bottle with screw cap – about 500mL capacity
Measuring cup
Measuring spoon
A large bucket or tub
Water
A small clear plastic bag with about 2 inches width
NOTE: Set up your video camera. Take your video while you are doing the activity. You will submit this as
your output for the activity.
Procedure:
1. If your jar does not have volume markings yet, use the measuring cup to pour 100 mL of water at a
time and use a marker to record the height of the water at each addition.
2. Fill your big tub with water. Submerge your jar with markings and fill it with water.
3. Fill about half of the plastic bottle with vinegar.
4. Measure 1/4 teaspoon of baking soda and put it in the small clear plastic bag. Cut the plastic bag if
it is too long.
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Course Code NSCI101
5.
Description General Chemistry I
Laboratory 001 Title of
Exercise Activity Stoichiometry
No.
Page 2 of 6
LABORATORY EXERCISE
5. Drop the small plastic bag with the baking soda on the bottle with vinegar and immediate close the
bottle. Make sure that the baking soda does not react with the vinegar before the lid is tightly
closed.
6. Shake the bottle until all the baking soda is consumed. The reaction is complete when no
significant bubbling is observed.
7. (You may need someone to help you with this part). Lift the jar upside down with markings while
maintaining the mouth submerged in water. Make sure no air is present inside the jar. Put the
plastic bottle under water and carefully place the mouth of the bottle inside the jar. Open the bottle
carefully to release the carbon dioxide formed from the reaction into the jar. The water level inside
the jar should be decreasing as the carbon dioxide is transferred.
8. Record the volume of the gas trapped in the jar. Before recording, make sure that the water inside
and outside of the jar is at the same level. This would ensure that the pressure inside the jar is the
same as the pressure outside.
Data:
1. If you have a weighing scale you can directly determine the weight of the sample used in the
experiment. If none, you can estimate the weight of the sample. From the baking soda
container, get the net weight of baking soda and determine how many tablespoons of baking
soda are in the container from the Nutrition Facts (Serving size in teaspoons and No. of
servings). Get the weight of baking soda in 1/4 teaspoon.
Net weight of baking soda in one container (g): ____
No of teaspoons of baking soda in one container: ____
Weight of 1/4 tsp of baking soda:____
2. Volume of CO2 produced (mL): _____
Questions:
1. Write a balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction.
2. In this experiment, which reactant is limiting?
3. Which reactant is in excess?
4. What is the molar mass of NaHCO3?
5. How many moles of NaHCO3 are there in 1/4 tsp of sample?
6. How many moles of CO2 should be produced from the sample?
7. How many moles of CO2 are actually formed? We can predict for the volume by using the ideal gas
equation PV=nRT, where P=pressure, V=volume, n=number of moles, R=Ideal gas constant, 0.0821
L-atm/mol-K, T=temperature. This equation can be rearranged to get the number of moles in a
specific volume of gas: n=PV/RT; where P= 1 atm, V=volume of carbon dioxide produced
converted to Liters ; R=0.0821 L-atm/mol-K; T=298 K (room temperature)
8. Calculate for the percentage error of the experiment.
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Course Code NSCI101
7. True or False: We can use the volume of the vinegar used to calculate for the theoretical yield of the
reaction.
For items 8 to 12, refer to the following lab data. Show your complete solution for all the questions.
For items 13 to 20, refer to the following laboratory experiment and results. Show your complete
solution for all the questions.
A student weighed 1.25 grams of NaHCO3 pre-weighed 50 mL beaker. In the fume hood, he slowly added
concentrated HCl to the beaker containing the NaHCO3. He added a total of 4.6 mL of concentrated HCl.
During the reaction, effervescence was observed due to carbon dioxide formation. The water by-
product was removed by heating the beaker and a white crystalline salt, NaCl, is left. Lastly, he took the
weight of the residue and the beaker after cooling to room temperature.
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Course Code NSCI101
Criteria (%) 4 3 2 1
Participation Used time well in Used time pretty Did the lab but Participation was
(30%) lab and focused well. Stayed did not appear minimal or
attention on the focused on the very interested. student was
experiment experiment most Focus was lost on hostile about
of the time several participating
occasions.
Safety (10%) Lab is carried out Lab is generally Lab is carried out Safety
with full attention carried out with with some procedures were
to relevant safety attention to attention to ignored and/or
procedures. The relevant safety relevant safety some aspect of
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Course Code NSCI101
5
Course Code NSCI101