COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF HARGEISA

DESIGN OF G+2 MOSQUE BUILDING

1. ABDIRAHMAN ABDILAAHI MOHAMED

2. ABDIRISAQ MOHAMED OMER

3. MOHAMED MOUSE HUSSEIN

2018

i
 DESIGN OF G+2 MOSQUE BUILDING

BY:

1. ABDIRAHMAN ABDILAAHI MOHAMED

2. ABDIRISAQ MOHAMED OMER

3. MOHAMED MOUSE HUSSEIN

Project Supervisor: Eng.Hirsi Abdilahi Hirsi

A REPORT SUMMITED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENT FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL

ENGINEERING

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF HARGEISA

2018

2
 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

This is to certify that the project report entitled: Design of G+2 Mosque in the

University of Hargeisa. submitted to University of Hargeisa in partial fulfilment of

the requirement for the Bachelor of science in civil engineering and has not been

submitted whether to this University or to any other University for the fulfilment of the

requirements of any course of study.

We also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of our own work,

except to the extent that assistance from others in the project’s design and conception or

in style, presentation and linguistic is acknowledged. We also verified the originality of

contents through plagiarism software.

An authentic and original work carried out by:

Mr. Abdirahman Abdilaahi Mohamed (ID NO: 138492)

Mr. Abdirisaq Mohamed Omer (ID NO: 138582)

Mr. Mohamed Mouse Hussein (ID NO: 138583)

3
 APPROVAL SHEET

This is to certify that the project report entitled Design of G+2 Mosque in the University

of Hargeisa submitted by:

STUDENT NAMES ID NO

ABDIRAHMAN ABDILAAHI MOHAMED (ID NO 138492)

ABDIRISAQ MOHAMED OMER (ID NO 138582)

MOHAMED MOUSE HUSSEIN (ID NO 138583)

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor of Science in civil engineering of

the University of Hargeisa during academic year 2017-2018 has been accepted.

Supervisor: ………………………………………
Signature: ………………………………………
Date: …………………………………………………

4
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First, we would like to thank almighty Allah for giving us faith, health and intellectual

capacity to carry out this work. Secondly, we wish to express our sincere gratitude to our

family who have helped us to make this six-month work possible. Thank you and my

Allah (S.W.C) blessed you with his infinite mercy.

A special thank to Eng Ahmed Shirwa, a dean of the faculty of engineering, for having

welcomed us in his office. Thanks also for his advice and nice cooperation in our work.

We are very grateful to Eng Hirsi Abdilahi, our thesis supervisor, for his guidance and

continuous support, and also for his patience and his good mood. We thank to him also

for his useful comments on this thesis.

We really appreciate, to all the teaching staff of the university who offered their

contribution during this project. Finally, we would like to thank all our friends who

providing us their motivation and to all the people who support us for this project.

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 ABSTRACT

This project concerns University of Hargeisa mosque, this mosque were built 16 years

before after growing of the population (student and staff) of the university then we need

to rebuilt this mosque with guidance of modern mosques in the world.

This thesis presents structural design of mosque, based on a Structural project. The scope

of this work is to create a structural solution that ensures the safety of the mosque

building, keeping careful balancing between economy and safety.

In the percent study of G+2 Mosque of University of Hargeisa is designed (Slab, Beam,

Column and footing) by using software and manual. The aim of the study is to design a

reinforced concrete structure for G+2 mosque building which will be designed by using

Bs8110 codes.

For a framed structure with columns, the transfer mechanism is as follows, Load applied

on slab is transferred to the adjoining beams. Load from the beams is transferred to the

columns supporting the beams. Load from the columns is transferred to the foundation

then the load from the foundation is transferred to the soil.

Thus this new structure should own a specific safety margin for degradation. This safety

margin should be optimized for whole life in order to minimize the costs of required

repair works and to maximize the performance and serviceability of structure.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

DESIGN OF G+2 MOSQUE BUILDING ....................................................................................... 2

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY ................................................................................................. 3
APPROVAL SHEET ................................................................................................................... 4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................ v
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. vi
TABLE OF CONTENT .............................................................................................................. vii
TABLE OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ ix
ABREVIATIONS/TERMINOLOGIES ........................................................................................... x
CHAPTER 1 ............................................................................................................................. 1
1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ............................................................................................................. 1
Problem statements ....................................................................................................... 2
Objectives of the project ................................................................................................ 3
1.4 Scope of the project .................................................................................................. 3
CHAPTER TWO ....................................................................................................................... 5
2 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................... 5
2.1 Definition of Mosque ................................................................................................ 5
Hadith ........................................................................................................................... 6
2.2. TYPES OF MOSQUES ........................................................................................... 7
2.3 THE FUNCTION OF MOSQUE ............................................................................... 10
CHAPTER 3 ........................................................................................................................... 13
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................................................... 13
3.1 Site selection........................................................................................................... 13
3.2 Site clearing: ................................................................................................................. 13
3.3 Site investigation: - ........................................................................................................ 13
3.3 Site investigation: ....................................................................................................... 14

vii
3.4 Soil testing: .................................................................................................................. 14
3.5 Site Surveying:............................................................................................................. 14
3.6 Structural Analysis: .................................................................................................... 14
IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS FLOW CHART ............................................................ 16
CHAPTER FOUR .................................................................................................................... 17
DESIGN FLOW CHART................................................................................................ 17
4.1 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SLAB .................................................................. 18
4.2 ANALYZING AND DESIGNING OF CONTINUOUS BEAM.................................. 20
1.1 Analyzing and Design of rectangular column ....................................................... 22
4.4 Analyzing and Design of circular column ...................................................................... 22
4.5 ANALYZING AND DESIGN OF FOUNDATION .................................................... 23
4.6 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF STAIRCASE ............................................................ 25
4.7 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DOME ...................................................................... 26
CHAPTER 5 ........................................................................................................................... 27
5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ............................................................. 27
5.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 27
5.2 Recommendation ................................................................................................... 28
REFERENCES......................................................................................................................... 29

viii
 TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure1-3D-View ................................................................................................................ 4
Figure 2-FLOW CHART ................................................................................................ 16
Figure 3 Design flow chart .............................................................................................. 17
Figure 4 Critical pannel................................................................................................... 18
Figure 5 Slab section ........................................................................................................ 19
Figure 6 critical beam ...................................................................................................... 20
Figure 7 beam section ...................................................................................................... 21
Figure 8 column section ................................................................................................... 22
Figure 9 footing section ................................................................................................... 23
Figure 10 foundation plan ............................................................................................... 24
Figure 11 staircase ........................................................................................................... 25
Figure 12 dome section .................................................................................................... 26

ix
 ABREVIATIONS/TERMINOLOGIES

N: applied axial load.

S.w: self-weight.

As: area of reinforcement.

A: Gross area of the concrete section.

As: area of compression reinforcement.

A: area of shear link in zone.

Fy: Characteristics strength of the shear reinforcement (460 N/mm).

Fyv : .Characteristics of reinforcing steel (250 N/mm).

v: Nominal design shear.

Vc : design concrete shear stress.

V: Shear force due to design ultimate loads or design ultimate value of concentrated load.

S: spacing of link.

Fcu: concrete grade.

∅: diameter of bar.

d’: Effective depth

Pa: bearing capacity.

Wp: earth pressure.

Ap: Area inside the critical perimeter

Vp: Punching Shear

Mft: Modification factor for tension bars

x
 CHAPTER 1

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

A mosque is a place or building in which Muslims gather to worship Allah and it has

been a central part of a Muslim community since the early time of Islam. The mosque

serves a variety of roles in the lives of Muslims. The most important role is as a house of

prayer for Allah. Mosques also use religious education, collecting of local charity, and

awareness of the Muslim population.

The word mosque is an English name and a translation from the Arabic word masjid. The

word masjid is derived from the verb "sajada" which means "to lie with the face down

and arms stretched out, especially as a single of respect or worship” and a masjid is a

place in which people for lying with the face down in worship of Allah. It can loosely be

translated more generally as a place of worship". The English word mosque is derived

from the Spanish word for mosquito and taken from into use during the Christian attack

to Muslim Spanish in the fifteenth century.

We want to investigate and compare the current University of Hargeisa Mosque and the

type of mosque needs now. In the early years, it was enough for all the students and

employees of the university, but now the number of students and employers were

1
Increased dramatically year after year, so the university needs a larger size and modern

mosque than the older mosque. In the past time, previous administrations and students

have tried to build by collaboration but, they were filled. But the new administration will

try to implement this project because it is a functioning administration.

The University of Hargeisa is one of the most powerful Universities in our country

because it has more than 7000 students and more staff, therefore, it needs a Mosque

which has good ventilation windows, more space, modern design of ablution system and

a suitable library which will help the students prepare for the religious knowledge.

Problem statements

This is the biggest problem of this University and that’s why we select this project,

because of this mosque is a small mosque which has a minimum area and facilities. While

the university needs a large and modern mosque, which can response all needs of the

university population.

After a long time of research, we made questionnaire containing a question that we ask

the students and the staff of the university and we also met the university managers to

take an interview for this and we get sufficient information for those people to get a

suitable solution for this problem

On the other hand, we saw the needs of the students in a library because of the university

has an only one library which is small we decided to design part of the mosque as a

library which the Islamic students can use and get books.

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imam of the mosque and other staffs like mu'adin of the mosque doesn't have service

rooms to sleep and relax after praying and that's why we design two service rooms which

we allocate them to relax.

When you analyze the problem as the possible manner you design cost-effective

structure, as we know the construction companies don't care about the cost and they didn't

analyze to get the best way they solve the problem with a cost-effective. After when we

see this we made a research to know how we get a suitable process for solving this by

using one of the best codes in the world code i.e. BS 8110 part1-1997.

Objectives of the project

i. To design the proper mosque that will response all needs of the University, which

has good ventilation and good ablution system.

ii. To design more capacity mosque that will have take forecasting students in the

coming years, because of the growing of the students year after year.

iii. To design a mosque, which has different facilities such as a library, service rooms

and others such as modern mosques?

iv. To maintain and use this space as well as possible. To get rid of the wastage of

land.

v. To improve the long-time reliability of this mosque.

1.4 Scope of the project

1.4.1 Geographical scope:

This study will be conducted by the University of Hargeisa.

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Our Scope is to design a modern mosque in the university campus, which has a standard

level, such like the modern mosques in the world; also we want to minimize this problem

as we can, because of this university have this problem for a long time and that’s why we

want to solve it.

When the time of salah is coming, some of the students are praying mosques which

locate the outside of the university for the reason of no space for this mosque and this

mosque takes a small number of students, for that reason the time of the lessons where

loss for the coming back from those mosques and it takes a time to come to the classes

and that’s one of the student’s problems.

1.4.2 Time scope:

This study will take a considerable time and it will start May 2017 to July 2017.

Figure1-3D-View

4
 CHAPTER TWO

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Definition of Mosque

The English word mosque comes from the Arabic word masjid, which means “place for

(ritual) prostration.” Jami designates the mosque used specifically for Friday communal

prayer. Musalla is used for informal areas and open-air spaces for prayer. The mosque's

main purpose is to serve as a place for formal worship in daily and Friday prayers. Both

men and women attend, although women are typically segregated in a separate area.

Mosques often sponsor Quranic recitations and Sufi dhikr (prayer) rites. They are the

recommended location for retreats and voluntary vigils, especially during Ramadan. They

serve as centers for the collection and distribution of alms and provide shelter and

sustenance for the poor and homeless. Pilgrims often visit their local mosques prior to and

upon returning from the hajj and lesser pilgrimages. Marriage and business agreements

are frequently contracted there, and the dead are brought for funerary prayers. Mosques

also serve as educational centers and central meeting points for government opposition in

times of crisis. In principle, every knowledgeable Muslim is qualified to preside over

ritual prayer and preach, but the leader, or imam, is supposed to be the most learned

among them or his designated deputy. A woman may act as the imam where only other

females are present.

5
Mosques are typically built wherever Muslims have settled in large enough numbers. In

some cases they began as prayer spaces in military camps and evolved into buildings as

cities developed. In other cases they were built over the sites of temples, churches, and

palaces. There are two types of mosques: large state-controlled mosques used for Friday

prayer and major communal assemblies, and smaller, private mosques built and operated

by civilians. Most were founded and maintained by private charitable donations and waqf,

or religious endowments. Shiis and Sufis have been particularly active in the construction

of mosques over the tombs of Muhammad , his family, and other holy people. These sites

serve as pilgrimage locations and congregational mosques. The mosques of Mecca,

Medina, and Jerusalem hold special status. The Kaaba in Mecca became the center of the

hajj, or pilgrimage, rites and the direction to be faced during prayer. Muhammad is buried

in the mosque in Medina. The al-Aqsa Mosque of Jerusalem was identified as the site of

Muhammad's miraculous Night Journey and ascent into heaven.By OXFORD SLAMIC

STUDIES OLINE (http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1552)

Hadith
[According to one Hadith “The [whole] earth is a Masjid for you, so wherever you are at

the time of prayer, make your prostration there” [Sahih Bukhari, Vol 1, Book 7, no. 331].

Qur’an

The Qur’an makes it obligatory to build and maintain a place for worship, “The Masajid

of Allah (SWT) shall be visited and maintained [‘amara] by those who believe in Allah

(SWT) and the last day, and establish regular prayers…” [Al-Qur’an 9:18].

6
In another place in the Qur’an, “In houses (Masajid), which Allâh has ordered to be raised

(to be cleaned, and to be honored), in them His Name is glorified in the mornings and in

the afternoons or the evenings”

[Al-Qur’an 24:36].

First Masjid of Islam: “The messenger of Allah [Prophet Muhammad pbuh] came to

Madinah…ordered a Masjid to be built. Trees were [cut and thus] placed in rows towards

qiblah (direction toward Makkah) and stones were set forth on both sides of the door…”

[Sahih-al-Bukhari Vol I, no. 437]

2.2. TYPES OF MOSQUES

Since the 7th century, mosques have been built around the globe. While there are many

different types of mosque architecture, three basic forms can be defined.

The hypostyle mosque

It makes sense that the first place of worship for muslims, the house of the Prophet

Muhammad, inspired the earliest type of mosque - the hypostyle mosque. This type

spread widely throughout Islamic lands.

The hypostyle plan was used widely in Islamic lands prior to the introduction of the four-

iwan plan in the twelfth century (see next section). The hypostyle plan’s characteristic

forest of columns was used in different mosques to great effect. One of the most famous

examples is the Great Mosque of Cordoba, which uses bi-color, two-tier arches that

emphasize the almost dizzying optical effect of the hypostyle hall. KHANACADEMY

(https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-islam/beginners-guide-islamic-

art/a/common-types-of-mosque-architecture)

7
The four-iwan mosque

Just as the hypostyle hall defined much of mosque architecture of the early Islamic

period; the 11th century shows the emergence of new form: the four-iwan mosque. An

iwan is a vaulted space that opens on one side to a courtyard. The iwan developed in pre-

Islamic Iran where it was used in monumental and imperial architecture. Strongly

associated with Persian architecture, the iwan continued to be used in monumental

architecture in the Islamic era.

In this type of mosque the qibla iwan, which faces Mecca, is often the largest and most

ornately decorated, as at Isfahan’s Great Mosque. Here, the mosque’s two minarets also

flank the lavish qibla iwan. The Safavid rulers refurbished these walls with new tiles in

the 16th century. KHANACADEMY (https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-

islam/beginners-guide-islamic-art/a/common-types-of-mosque-architecture)

The centrally-planned mosque

While the four-iwan plan was used for mosques across the Islamic world, the Ottoman

Empire was one of the few places in the central Islamic lands where the four-iwan

mosque plan did not dominate. The Ottoman Empire was founded in 1299. However, it

did not become a major force until the 15th century, when Mehmed II conquered

Constantinople, the capital of the late Roman (Byzantine) Empire since the 4th century.

Renamed Istanbul, the city straddles the European and Asian continents, and, having been

a Christian capital for over a thousand years, had a wholly different cultural and

architectural heritage than Iran. The Ottoman architects were strongly influenced by

8
Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, the greatest of all Byzantine churches and one that features a

monumental central dome high over its large nave.

KHANACADEMY (https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-islam/beginners-

guide-islamic-art/a/common-types-of-mosque-architecture)

History of Mosque

Mosques first arrived in the Ottoman Empire (mostly present-day Turkey) during the

eleventh century, when many of the Turks in the region began to convert to Islam.

Several of the first mosques in the Ottoman Empire, such as the Hagia Sophia in present-

day Istanbul, were originally churches or cathedrals in the Byzantine Empire. The

Ottomans created their own design of mosques, which included large central domes,

multiple minarets, and open façades. The Ottoman style of mosques usually included

elaborate columns, aisles, and high ceilings in the interior, while incorporating traditional

elements, such as the mihrab. Today, Turkey is still home to many mosques that display

this Ottoman style of architecture.

Mosques gradually diffused to different parts of Europe, but the most rapid growth in the

number of mosques has occurred within the past century as more Muslims have migrated

to the continent. Major European cities, such as Rome, London, and Munich, are home to

mosques that feature traditional domes and minarets. These large mosques in urban

centers are supposed to serve as community and social centers for a large group of

Muslims that occupy the region. However, one can still find smaller mosques in more

suburban and rural regions throughout Europe where Muslims populate. Mosques first

9
appeared in the United States in the early twentieth century, the first of which was built in

the late 1920s in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. However, as more immigrants continue to arrive in

the country, especially from South Asia, the number of American mosques is increasing

faster than ever before. Whereas only two percent of the country’s mosques appeared in

the United States before 1950, eighty-seven percent of American mosques were founded

after 1970 and fifty percent of American mosques founded after 1980.

Conversion of places of worship

SEASONSALI https://seasonsali.wordpress.com/2010/06/11/history-the-mosque-in-

islamic-religion-all-about-mosque)

2.3 THE FUNCTION OF MOSQUE

In this essay, I will be explaining the role and function of a mosque in a Muslim

community. A mosque is a place of worship for believers of the Islamic faith. The

primary purpose of the mosque is to serve as a place where Muslims can gather for

prayer. The Arabic term for mosque is ‘Masjid’ derived from the root word ‘Sajda’ which

means to prostrate before God.

A mosque is important to Muslims all over the world because it reflects the universal

message of brotherhood in Islam as all can stand, shoulder to shoulder, feet to feet, to

perform their prayer irrespective of colour, race or wealth. Mosques have evolved from

simple places of worship to places of knowledge while demonstrating the beautiful

Islamic architectural masterpieces displaying the use of minarets and domes etc. in

various different patterns.

10
Mosques are used for many things. For example, they are used for centres of learning

ranging from 5 year olds to 40 year olds who are there for the same purpose- to derive

knowledge. There are even the odd classes for older women like sewing classes. The

reason for these classes is to educate the non-Muslim and Muslim Ummah to grow and

become better people. Some bigger mosques are even used as law courts for the few

problems of the Muslims today.

The Prophet (pbuh) used to use mosques a means of Da’wah (calling people to Islam),

and some people still do it today. The Prophet (pbuh) never stopped any non-Muslim

coming in. He always welcomed them very openly and even encouraged them to come in

and he encouraged the Muslims to bring them to the mosque so that they can familiarize

themselves with the habits of Muslims. One common activity among many of the

mosques is the functions for birth or marriage celebrations. Some mosques even have

burial arrangements and facilities to wash and prepare the deceased for the afterlife in the

Islamic way.

Some mosques are used for charity or fundraising events to help raise money for those

who need it. There are many rooms in the mosque that people rent to use for things like

meetings and deliberation or like above, birth and marriage functions, charity events,

parties etc.

Some mosques have libraries full of books on Islamic knowledge, science and even

Islamic stories for little kids introducing them to the morals of Islam through fiction

books that they love to read. There also some clubs for little kids like Islamic Scouts or

11
Brownies. Not only are there clubs for little kids but there are groups for teenagers and

young mothers too.

Aside from the uses mentioned above, some of the bigger mosques have community

rooms where men can retire to and have peace. There are also, in few mosques, over-

night visitor rooms where a visitor who is unable to find a home can stay for a night or

two. This shows the hospitality that Muslims can and should show.

In addition, there are motivational workshops to motivate the young and old to do good or

stay away from certain things. Sometimes there are long-term projects, like trying to get

somebody off drugs. In some mosques there are even crèches where working parents can

drop off young children in an Islamic environment and collect them later on knowing that

they are safe.

Mosques are also used as lecture halls where people can give speeches and lectures to

awaken people and try to make them the best they can be. Mosques are very important to

Muslims because it brings people together and helps to spread the word of God around. It

plays a major role in society because it is a place where Muslims all over the world can

turn to.

Mosques are used for all sorts of things. The only activities that were prohibited in the

mosque- aside from immoral acts- was buying and selling or trade. The Prophet (pbuh)

made it a point that mosques are not be used for material gains.

teachers(http://www.markedbyteachers.com/gcse/religious-studies-philosophy-and-

ethics/the-role-and-function-of-a-mosque.com)
12
 CHAPTER 3

3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Site selection:

its process of choosing the location, dimensions and condition of the site that suitable for

your project.

3.2 Site clearing:

This is the first task of site preparation. The site should be in a cleared and graded

condition. It involves the removal of trees, demolishing buildings, removing any and all

old and any other obstacles that might affect the construction process in the future or

hinder the project to be done.\

3.3 Site investigation: -

is a method of determining physical properties of soil at a site or a Geotechnical site

investigation is the process of collecting information and evaluating the conditions of the

site for the purpose of designing and constructing the foundation for a structure.

13
3.3 Site investigation:

is a method of determining physical properties of soil at a site or a Geotechnical site

investigation is the process of collecting information and evaluating the conditions of the

site for the purpose of designing and constructing the foundation for a structure.

3.4 Soil testing:

It is complete laboratory testing for shear strength, compressive strength, consolidation,

permeability, foundation load, soil index and moisture.

3.5 Site Surveying:

The Surveying process is not an option; it is a requirement for most zoning and permitting

processes. Surveying is the translation of a contractor’s set of construction plans into a

physical representation on the project site.

3.6 Structural Analysis:

To calculate internal forces and their moments (axial force, shear force, moment),stress,

strain, deflection, etc. in a structure under applied load conditions

I. Slab analysis: to analyze our slab as a normal we will check out all the slab,after

that we find out the critical panel.

14
 II. Beam analysis: the type of beam that suitable for our structure will be continues

beam so we study where the critical beam will occur because the continuous beam

contains three sections like T section, L section and rectangular section.

III. Column analysis: to study the load transfer of columns of the structure and to find

out the critical column.

IV. Foundation analysis: we will find out the sum of self weight of the foundation

and axial force of the column.

3.7 Structural Design:

To study a cross-sectional area of structural elements (slab, beam, column and

foundation) , grade of material (Fcu), amount of reinforcement (NO. of bars) and so on.

I. Slab design: we will design the critical panel that it was calculated in the analysis

of slabs by using of solid slab.

II. Beam design: after we were analyzing the critical beam we will design as a

rectangular section because it has maximum bending moment according to T

section L section.

III. Column design: we will design our column by the method of biaxial bending

moment because it is the best method in BS8110 code

15
IV. Foundation design: after when we get the bearing capacity of soil and the critical

axial load from column, we will design the footing that has the suitable

dimensions.

IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS FLOW CHART

Figure 2-FLOW CHART

16
 CHAPTER FOUR

DESIGN FLOW CHART

Figure 3 Design flow chart

17
 4.1 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SLAB

N= 1.4 DL + 1.6 LL = 1.4 × 6 + 1.6 × 4.5 = 15.6 KN/m2

Figure 4 Critical pannel

18
v = 0.185 < 0.5v = 0.51 no shear link is required
Provide15T12@300mmc/c
' '
& ) = 30 < & ) = 43.68 … … No de6lection occur
( *+,-./ ( *//12.3/4

Figure 5 Slab section

19
 4.2 ANALYZING AND DESIGNING OF CONTINUOUS BEAM

= 9. :: × ;<9 × = = :>?. = @AB

W= M= 0.11FL

Figure 6 critical beam

20
Provide8T14@100mmc/c

CDE + 9. >F = :. :G < H = 1.5 < 0.8IJEK LM = ; Therefore maximum shear link
A
BB

N N
is required
& ) = :> < & ) = ;; … . VW XYZ[Y\]^W_ W\\`a
O PEQKRN O PNNLSRTNU
b: = GcBB < 160dd …………….OKI

b; = =?ee < 80dd …………..OKI

Figure 7 beam section

21
 1.1 Analyzing and Design of rectangular column

N= 1660.33KN

Provide8T16@240mmc/c with linkT8@180mmc/c

4.4 Analyzing and Design of circular column

N= 1662.33KN
Provide8T20mm@200mm c/c with linkT8@180mmc

Figure 8 column section

22
4.5 ANALYZING AND DESIGN OF FOUNDATION

W= ::>:fV/e
Provide 10 T20 @300mm c/c

g > Hi + 0.4 j^_^e`e klYma [^_n ^o aYp`^aYX

Figure 9 footing section

23
Figure 10 foundation plan

24
A = >q. =?rA
4.6 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

v< g\ oW _W olYma [^_n ^o aYp`^aYX

4T12mm@250mm c/c

s s
& ) t\]`m[ = qq. < < & ) t[[Wumv[Y = q>. > _W XYZ[Y\]^W_ W\\`a
X X

Figure 11 staircase

25
A= ?. :;@AwB;
4.7 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DOME

xaWg^XY y:;ee@ :=9ee \/\

Figure 12 dome section

26
 CHAPTER 5

5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Conclusion

A mosque is a place or building in which Muslims gather to worship Allah and it is the

most important part of Islam religion also it has been a central part of a Muslim

community since the early time of Islam. The mosque serves a variety of roles in the lives

of Muslims. Its most important role is as a house of prayer for Allah. Mosques also use

religious education, collecting of local charity, and awareness of the Muslim population,

as well as places where Islam leaders are directing information about Islam.

This study has thoroughly done to found safely mosque building, as we mentioned earlier,

this mosque will respond effectively to the need for mosque facilities.

To design a safety mosque, we were calculated all loads from the people and the upper

parts of the building which is called (live load) and also the self-weight of the structure

which is called (dead load) by using the BS codes such as BS6399, BS8110 and the other

parts.

After when we made accurate calculations, this mosque became a stable and reliable

building, also this building could be used for a long time unless natural disasters occur.

27
We begin the design of this mosque after when we get a permission from the university

managers who take our idea of rebuilt and modifying of this mosque after that we make

the case study of the mosque in the side of work and his type of construction.

As mentioned previously, the mosques are very important part in Islamic community also

mosques have a special design because of more people were prays at the same time.

In our objectives is to design the proper mosque that will response all needs of the

University, which has good ventilation and good ablution system.

5.2 Recommendation

We recommend the studying of soil bearing capacity of this site before the construction

begins by using soil lab test because of the more construction projects were failed with

unconsidered of soil bearing capacity and that is why we focused on the analyzing of soil

ability.

We recommend having clear and realistic building goals and objectives before the

implementation of the project. And this will help us to reach easily our goals without

losing time and money.

We recommend that they do not add any additional or substantial changes and uses

without consulting structural engineer because our people doesn’t care the professionals

the

We recommend that the water systems should have the ability we isolate portions of their

distribution systems during necessary system repairs.

28
We recommend managing the project as appropriate manner, while maintaining the time

and money to any part of the project work plan, by making a project manager who

manages the whole project by taking the responsibility of the project.

Specific recommendations are included to minimize damage or prevent failure of the

buildings by creating a continuous load path from the roof deck to the foundation.

We recommend making a good building envelope performance which protects us in an

extensive property damage and substantial loss of function.

To discourage the risks from the environment because of they will damage the functions

of the project.

REFERENCES

1. OXFORD SLAMIC STUDIES OLINE

(http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1552)
2. KHANACADEMY
3. (https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-islam/beginners-guide-islamic-
art/a/common-types-of-mosque-architecture.com
4. KHANACADEMY (https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-
islam/beginners-guide-islamic-art/a/common-types-of-mosque-architecture)
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_building
6. http://www.aboutcivil.org/geo-technical-foundation-engineering.html

BS 8110 part 1-1997

BS 6399 Part 1 1996
BS part 3 1985

29
 APPENDICES
Analysis and design of Mosque

d2 × 5dF/3 = 26 {|/d =
Structure: Equivalent rectangular W= N Lx/3 =C15.6{|/

LOAD TRANSFER:
Given information

Slab thickness: 200mm = 0.2 m

To get other load of other side transferred from
3 the same slab we multiply 2 we get
Density of concrete: 24KN/m

Finish load = 1.2 KN/m2 Total load transferred from the slab = 2* 26

Self weight of slab = 0.2d × 24{|/

KN/m = 52 KN/m

d3 = 4.8 {|/d2  Self weight of Beam = 0.3 d ×

C0.4 – 0.2 Fd × 24{|/d3 =
Imposed load: from BS 6399-1:1996 1.44{|/d
Minimum imposed floor loads Places of
worship 3.0 KN/m2 so we take 4.5KN/m2

Dimensions of slab

Total dead load = self weight slab + finishes

= 4.8 {|/d2 + 1.2 {|/d2

6 KN/m2

 Ultimate design load of beam = 52 {|/

Live load = 4.5 KN/m2

Ultimate design load of slab = 1.4 DL + 1.6 LL d + 1.4 × 1.44{|/d = 54 {|/d

{| {|  Equivalent pointed load = 54{|/d ×
1.4 × 6 + 1.6 × 4.5 5d = 270 {|
d2 d2
= 15.6 {|/d2
LOAD TRANSFERRED TO THE
COLUMN
LOAD TRANSFERRED TO THE
BEAM

Using by tributary area method

15.6KN/m2
….

30
 LOAD TRANSFERRED TO THE
FOUNDATION
Supper imposed load from the column =
1660 KN

DESIGN OF CRITICAL PANEL

Load transferred from the first and second floor

•€••‚2 = ƒ„'… †„‡ˆℎŠ ‹… i‹'Œd•

+ 4C1/2 × '‹Ž( …•‹d •„ŽdƒF

= 2 × 270 + 0.3d × 0.4d × 3d

CHARACTERISTICS OF LOAD

…‡•‡ƒℎ‡•ˆ '‹Ž( = 1.2 ’|/d

× 24{|/d3
'‡H„ '‹Ž( C“” F = 4.5{|/d
= 540 {| + 8.64 × 1.4 = 552.1{|
…………………….. LOAD from second („Ž( '‹Ž( •’ = 6 {|/d

…iŒ = 40 {|/d
floor

…– = 460 {|/d
FIRST FLOOR1 = same as floor2/

= 2 × 552.1 {| = 1,104.2{|
— = 24{|/˜™

i‹H„• = 25 dd
LOAD TRANSFERRED TO THE GROUND
FLOOR COLUMN

Load transferred from floor 1 and 2 + load šℎ‡i’•„ƒƒ ‹… ƒ'Ž• = 200dd

∅ 12
›’ = • − Ÿ − = 200 − 25 −
transferred from beam self weight column of
2 2
ground floor

= 1,104.2{| + 540 + 0.3d × 0.4d = 169dd

× 4d × 24{|/d3

= 1644.2{| + 11.52 {| × 1.4

Moment:

d¡¢ = £¡¢ |'¢

= 1644.2 {| + 16.1 {|
d¡– = £¡– |'¢
= 1660 {|
From table 3.14

Shear force

31
¤¡¢ = £¡¢ |'¢
¤¡– = £¡– |'¢
Design singly reinforcement

’
± = (C0.5 + ²0.25 −
0.90
From table 3.15

Solution:
=(C0.5 + ³0.25 −
«.«©
Step1: ultimate load «.®«

| = 1.4›€ + 1.6€€ = 0.98( < ±dŽ´………………..

= 0.95 × 169dd
ULTIMATE LOAD (N)

 | = 1.4C6F + 1.6C4.5F
15.6{|/d ± = 160.5dd

˜
µ¡ =
Coefficients
C−F£¡¢C+1¥,F = 0.047 0.95…– ±
C+F£¡¢C¦§¨F = 0.036
6
C−F£¡–C+1¥,F = 0.045 18.33×10
= 0.95×460×160.5
C+F£¡¢C¦§¨F = 0.034
Step2: =261 mm2
Moment at maximum
Checking
C−Fd¡¢C+1¥,F = £¡¢ |'¢ µ¶Cd‡•F = 0.13%•ℎ
0.047 × 15.6 × 5 18.33{|. ˜ 0.13 × 1000 × 200
100
C+Fd¡¢C¦§¨F = £¡¢ |'¢

0.036 × 15.6 × 5 = 14.04 {|. ˜

=260 mm2

µ¶CdŽ´F = 4%•ℎ
C−Fd¡–C+1¥,F = £¡– |'¢
4 × 1000 × 200
= 0.045 × 15.6 × 5 100
=8000mm2
= 17.55{|. ˜+Fd¡–C¦§¨F = £¡– |'¢
µ¦§¥ < µ¡ < µ¦.¢ … . •{
= 0.034 × 15.6 × 5 =13.26 KN.M
Take ∅ = 12dd

µ = ¸•
Take moment the greatest moment

C−Fd¡¢C+1¥,F = 18.33{|. ˜
= C3.14 × 6 F

˜
(Continuous edge)
=113.04 mm2
{=
•( …+- Number of bars
©ª.™™×©«¬
= 0.012 < ’’ = 0.156
©«««×©-®¯ ×°«
=

32
 µ¡, 14.04 × 10-
|‹ = = 200dd
µ3.¹ 0.95 × 460 × 160.5

= 2.3
-© Checking
©©™.«°
µ¶ Cd‡•F = 0.13%À•
=

≈ 3•Ž•ƒ Š‹» •„‡•…‹•i„d„•Š

=
«.©™×©«««× ««
©««
µ¡C¼¹1½F = 3 × 113.04 = 339.3dd
= 260 mm2

µ¶ CdŽ´F = 4%À•

=
Spacing for 1 m section
°×©«««× ««
1000dd ©««
=8000mm2
¶=
3 µ¦§¥ > µ¡ < µ¦.¢ •‹Š ‹’‡
333mm say 300 mm
šŽ’„ µ¶d‡• = 260dd2
¾•‹H‡(„ 3š12@300ddi/i
Take ∅ = 12dd

µ = ¸•^2 = 113.04 dd2

Moment at mid span:

C+Fd¡¢C¦§¨F = £¡¢ |'¢ Number of bars

µƒŠ
= 0.036 × 15.6 × 5 = = 14.04 {|. ˜ |‹ =
µƒ ‹… ‹•„ •Ž•
˜ 260
{= = = 2.3 ≈ 3•Ž•
•( …+- 113.04

14.04 × 10 -
= 3 bars bottom reinforcement
= µ¡C¼¹1½F = 3 × 113.04 = 339.3 dd2
1000 × 169 × 40
= 0.012 < ’’ = 0.156 ƒ‡•ˆ'¿ •„‡•…‹•i„( Spacing for 1 m section

1000dd
’ ƒ=
± = (C0.5 + ²0.25 − 3
0.90

=(C0.5 + ³0.25 −
«.«©
333mm say 300 mm

«.®« Œƒ„ 3š12@300ddi/i

= 0.98 d which is greater than 0.95d

šŽ’„ ±dŽ´ = 0.95(

Shear resistance

'¿/'´ = 5d/5d = 1d
= 0.95 × 169dd Design shear Continuous edge
Z= 160.5mm

˜
µ¡ = H¡¢ = £¡¢ •'¢
0.95…– ±
= 0.4 × 15.6 × 5 = 31.2 {|
33
 Shear resistance µiŠŒŽ' („…'„iŠ‡‹• = 26 × 1.68

¤ 31.2 × 10™ | = 43.68

H= = = 0.185
•( 1000 × 169 dd2
5000
µ''‹†Ž•'„ („…'„iŠ‡‹• = = 30
169
0.187|/dd ≤ 8I…+-
30 < 43.68 Therefore deflection is acceptable
©
100C340F ™
=Ã Ä = 0.58
1000 × 169
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF
©
400 °
=& ) = 1.24
CRITICAL COUNTINOUS BEAM:
169
©
35 ™
GIVEN DATA:
= & ) = 1.118
25 …+- = 40 |/dd

Å0.79 × 0.58 × 1.24 × 1.118Æ …– = 460 |/dd

= = 0.51
1.25
…– = 250 |/dd
H < 0.5H+ •‹ ƒℎ„Ž• '‡•’ ‡ƒ •„ÇŒ‡•„(
∅ Î = 14dd

∅Ï = 6dd
Deflection

'
& ) = 26
( 3.¡§+ Ÿ = 25dd
d ›„Ž( '‹Ž( C•” F
= { × •ŸÈ = 0.012 × 40 = 0.48
•(
•” = C0.4 − 0.2F × 0.3 × 24
2…– µ¡ ¹4É 1
¶„•H‡i„ ƒŠ•„ƒƒ C…¡ F = Ã × Ä
3µ¡ ¼¹1 £3 = 1.44KN/m

= CC2 × 460 × 260F/C3 × 340FF ›„ƒ‡ˆ• '‹Ž( ‹• ƒ'Ž• C“” F = 52KNwm

|
= C235F
dd2
Solution:

ÊC477 − …ƒFË
Modification factor (Mft):
Ð = 1.4›€ + €€
Design load distributed
˜…Š = 0.55 +
˜ 1.44{| {|
120 × Ì0.9 + Í Ð = 1.4 × + 52
•(
d d
C477 − 235F = 54 {|/˜
= 0.55 + È'Š‡dŽŠ„ („ƒ‡ˆ• '‹Ž( »‹‡•Š„( C•F
18.33 × 10-
120 × &0.9 + )
1000 × 169 = 54 {|/d × 5d = 270 {|
= 1.86
BENDING MOMENT:
34
 148.5 × 10-
= 0.09
300 × 360 × 40
st rd
a) Mid span of 1 and 3 spans – design at T-

{ < {Ñ
section

= 0.09 × 270 × 5 = 121.5 {|d

M= 0.09FL

0.09 < 0.156 ƒ‡•ˆ'¿ •„‡•…‹•i„(

’
b) First interior support – design as rectangular
± = ( Ò0.5 + ²0.25 − Ó
0.90
section

= 0.11 × 270 × 5 = 148.5 {|d

M= 0.11FL

0.09
± = ( Ò0.5 + ²0.25 − Ó
c) Moment of interior support (central) 0.90
Design as rectangular- section = 0.775( < 0.88( < 0.95 ( ‹’

= 0.08 × 270 × 5 = 108 {|d ± = 0.88C360ddF = 319 dd

M= 0.08 FL

d
µƒ =
0.95…– ±
d) Moment at mid span design as T-section

148.5 × 10-
M= 0.07FL

= 0.07 × 270 × 5 = 94.5 {|d = = 1065 dd

0.95 × 460 × 319
∅+ = 14 dd
Section µ•„Ž 1 •Ž• = ¸• = 3.14 × 7 = 154dd /

µÔ ¹4É
|Œd•„• ‹… •Ž•ƒ =
µ¡ 3.¹
10653dd
= = 6.9 ≈ 8 •Ž•ƒ
154 dd

¶ = • − 2Ÿ − ∅€ − ∅š/2
≠ƒ
300 – 2 × 25 – 6– 3 × 14/2
= = 111dd
∅š 2
› = • − Ÿ − ∅€ −
2 = 111dd ≈ 100dd
= 400 – 25 − 8– 14/2 = 360 dd
Provide 8T14@100mm with T8mm link
DESIGN FLEXURAL RECTANGULAR

˜
Shear design
{= Vmax = 162 KN
•( …+-
¤dŽ´
H =
•(
35
 162 × 10™ ¤• = H+ + 0.4 = 0.79 + 0.4 = 1.19
H= = 1.5|wdd
300 × 360 H¥ = Vn × b × d
H¥ = 1.19|/dd × 300 × 360 = 129{|
é= = 0.61 d ..Take 1m
C©- ê© ®Fëì
Checking

H < 5|wdd = 1.5|wdd

îï
í°
….OKI ð
Spacing of shear links
Û Û Û
Ì
ÛÜÜÝÞ á âÜÜ â
Í ×Ì Í ×Ì
ãäå á
Í ñ•½ ƒ½ CH − H+ Fò
H+ = 0.79 × C ßà à ¯æ µ¡½ =
ç¦ ó0.95•–½ ô
)

100µ¶»•‹ 100 × 1232 ¸› ¸×6

&
•(
)=
300 × 360
µƒH = = = 28.3dd
4 4
1.04 < 3…………………….OKI Aö÷ × Ê0.95Fù÷ Ë
¶H =
© © ñb÷ Cv − v Fò
400 ° 400 ° C28.3 × 0.95 × 250F
& ) = & )
( 359 = = 32mm
= 1.03 > 1 …………… take 1.03 300 × C1.5 − 0.79F

šℎ„ dŽ´‡dŒd ƒ»Ži‡•ˆ ‹… '‡•’ƒ ≤ 0.75(

Take 30 mm
© ©
•iŒ ™40 ™
& ) = & ) = 1.17 = 0.75 × 360 dd = 270dd ……………….
25 25
¤i 1000dd
OK
|Œd•„• ‹… '‡•’ƒ = = 33 '‡•’ƒ
0.79 × C1.04F × C1.03F × C1.17F 30dd
= Ã Ä 33š8dd@30dd i/i
1.25
= 0.79 |wdd
The cross-sectional area of the minimum links

0.4•½ ƒ½
required is given by

µ¡½ ≥
Checking for shear link

H = 0.5Hi = 0.5 × 0.79 = 0.39 0.95…–½

šŽ’„ ∅' = 8dd µ¡½ = 28.3dd
H > 0.5Hi = 1.5 > 0.39
µ¡½ × 0.95…–½
ƒ½ =
0.5Hi < H < CHi + 0.4F 0.4•½
C28.3F × 0.95C250F
0.38 < 1.5 > 1.19
0.4C300F
| = 56 dd ŠŽ’„ 50 dd
CHi + 0.4F < H < 0.8I…iŒ ‹• 5 5000dd
dd |• €û|{¶ = = 100 '‡•’ƒ
60dd
1.19 < 1.5 < 5 |/dd 100T8mm@ 50mm c/c

Maximum shear link is required Deflection:

€
& ) ÀŽƒ‡i ‚„iŠŽ•ˆŒ'Ž• ƒ„iŠ‡‹• = 26
For Nominal shear link
Nominal shear force (
36
˜…Š = 0.84 ¶2 < 80dd

L L 58mm < 80dd …………..OKI

& ) Allowable = & ) basic × Mft
d d
€
Design column:-
& ) Ž''‹†Ž•'„ = C26F × C0.84F
( Given data

L live load = 540KN

& ) Allowable = 22
d Cover = 25mm
assume ФT = 20 mm
L L × 10™ 5 × 10™
& ) Actual = = Ã Ä = 14 ФL = 10 mm
d d 360
Fcu = 40 Nwmm
€ € fy = 460 Nwmm
& ) µiŠŒŽ' < & ) µ''‹†Ž•'„
( (
l = 4m
14 < 22
Beams and columns section size:

All beams = 300mm × 400mm

no deflection occur

All colums = 300mm × 400mm

Cracking:

b − 2∅ − 2∅ − 2c
¶1 = & )
2 Step 1: Total load of column:
300 − 3 × 14 − 2 × 8 − 2 × 25 γ
¶1 = & )
2
Desri L B D V w

S1 = 96mm
Colu 4 0.3 0.4 0.64 24 11.52
1
Colu 3 0.3 0.4 0.48 24 8.64
Checking for crack

S1 < 160dd π γ
2-3
desri l D V Sw
KN
96dd < 160dd …………….OKI Colu 4 3.1 0.4 0.5 24 12.1
1 4
¶2 = I + Colu 3 3.1 0.4 0.37 24 9

∅Î
2-3 4

= Ÿ + ∅/ +
2
14
 Column 2 is the rectangular columns of the first and second

= 25 + 8 +
floor

2
 Column 1 is the rectangular columns of ground floor
 Column 4 is the circular columns of the first and second floor

Y = 40mm
 Column 3 is the circular columns of ground floor

Second and third floor column loads:

¶2 = I40 + 40
¶2 = 57 dd
Column2-3 = S. + w ultimate load from beam
Checking: (N)
37
= 1.4 × C8.64F KN + 540KN
€„´ = £ × €‹´
= 552.1KN × 2 = 1104.2KN = 1.2 × 2600dd = 3120dd
Column1 €4¢ = 1.2 × 3600 = 4320dd

= sw column1 + Column2 × 2 Step 4:short and slender columns:

+ ultimate load from beam CNF In x-direction:

Ï ™© «¦¦
= 1.4 × 11.52KN + 1104.2KN =
°««¦¦
= 7.8 < 15

+540KN = 1660.33KN In y- direction short column

Column2-3 Ï °™ «¦¦
3 ™««¦¦
= = 14.4 < 15
= s. w + load of beam CNF
Find the value of ℎÑ Ž•( • Ñ
= 1.4 × 9KN + 540KN
ФŸ
ℎÑ = ℎ – Ÿ – Ф€ –
= 552.6KN × 2 = 1105.2KN 2

Column © = 400 – 25 – 8 – 16/2 = 359 dd

= Cs. w Colu © + Colu • Ñ = • – Ÿ – Ф€ – Ÿ

ê™ F

+ ultimate load from beam CNF = 300– 25 – 8 – 16/2 = 259 dd

= C1.4 × 12.1KN + 1105.2KNF Minimum eccentricity:

+540 = 1662.1KN Along major x-x axis,

Critical of rectangular column = 1660.33KN h = 400mm

Critical of circular column = 1662.1KN „¦§¥ = 0.05ℎ = 0.05 × 300

Step 3: find the value of Lox and Loy = 20 dd

€1¢ = € − (34.¦ … … … … … … •{!

= 3d − 0.4d = 2.6d =2600mm ˜´ = | × „d‡•

Loy= = 4m – 0.4 = 3.6m = 3600mm = 1660.33 × 0.02

Step 4: find the value of β = 33.2 {| − d

by the by checking of conditions:

D = 400mm = H =400 this is A long minor y-y axis,

• = 300dd „¦§¥ = 0.05•

condition is condition1 at the top and bottom

∴ β = 1.2 from table 3.20

38
= 0.05 × 300 = 0.015 dd › ℎÑ 359
= =& ) = 0.89 ≈ 0.9
ℎ ℎ 400
= 15 dd •{!
{ = 0.8
˜¿ = | × „¦§¥
C™««×°««F׫.ª
= ’ µƒ =
©««*¡
= 1660.33 × 0.015 3 ©««
:.

= 24.9 {| − d = 960 mm2

300 × 400
Biaxial bending As min =
0.4%bh = 0.4 & ) = 480mm
˜´ 33.2 ’|d 100
˜´ Ñ = Ñ =
ℎ 0.359d
= 480 dd < 960 dd < µƒ¦.¢
= 92.5{|
= 6% À•
˜¿ Ñ
˜¿ Ñ = Ã Ñ Ä 6C× 400 × 400F
• =
100
24.9 ’|d
=& ) = 96dd = 9600 mm2 take Asmin 640 mm2
0.259d

•‹• Ì Í = 92.5{| < Ì ’Í = 96{|

¢ – Area of one bar:
3
¸×› 3.1415 × 16
µ = =
Therefore, we use My′ 4 4

My′ = My+ β Ì Í Mx = 201dd

960dd
|‹ ‹… •Ž•ƒ = = 4.8
Find the value of β 201
≈ 5 •Ž•ƒ
Ì3 Í = C™««×°««×°«F =0.35
ì ©--«×©«á
+-
Then additional bars will be 3 because of the
From Table 3.22; β = 0.59 column sections is greater than 250mm.
0.259
˜¿ Ñ = 96 {| + 0.59 × & )
0.359
Diameter of link

1
× 92.5{| = 135.4{|d ∅L = × 16 dd = 4 ≈ 8dd
4
Spacing of link

¶H = 12 × 16
Using Column Design Chart:

| 1660´10™
= = 13.8
•ℎ 300´400 = 192dd ŠŽ’„ 180 dd

˜ 135.4 × 10-
= Ã Ä = 2.8
•ℎ2 300 × 400
Spacing of main bars

DETAILING:
39
Link = 33.2{|d

23š8dd@180ddi/i

Main bars Biaxial bending

¶ = • − 2 × Ÿ − ∅€ − ∅š/2 ˜´ 33.2 ’|d

˜´′ = = = 93{|
ℎ 0.357d
16
′

¶ = 400 − 50 − 8 − = 334dd ≈ 240dd

2 ˜¿ ′ 33.2’|d
˜¿′ = à Ä= = 93{|
• 0.357d
= µ¼¹1 C1608dd F
′

•‹• Ì Í = 93 {| Ì Í = 93 {| Therefore,
¢ –
8š16dd@240dd i/i ′ 3′
you can use equations

ℎ′
˜´′ = ˜´ + £ à ′ Ä ˜¿
•
Design calculations of critical column

N 1662.1 × 10™
›‡Žd„Š„• = 400dd & )= = 0.26
Given
bhfcu C400 × 400 × 40F
Ÿ‹H„• = 25 From Table 3.22; β = 0.70
›€ = 12.1 {| 359
˜´ ′ = 93 {| + 0.7 × & ) × 93{|d
359
€€ = 1662.1 {|
= 158.1 {|d
ULTIMATE DESIGN LOAD

= 1.4 × ›€ + 1.6 × €€
Using Column Design Chart:

| 1662.1 × 10™
1.4 × 12.1{| + 1662.1 = 1662.1{| = = 10.4
ℎ 400 × 400
˜ 158.1 × 10-
= Ã Ä = 2.4
Solution

Find the value of ℎ′ ℎ3 400 × 400

› ℎ′ 357
ℎ′ = ℎ − i − Ф' − = =& ) = 0.89 ≈ 0.9
2 ℎ ℎ 400
ФŠ

16
ℎ′ = 400 − 25 − 8 − = 359dd
2
K = 1.5

Find the value of (As):

C3.1415 × 400 F
Find the moment:

„¦§¥ = 0.05ℎ = 0.05 × 400dd µi × ’ & 4

× 1.5)
µƒ = =
100 100
= 20dd = 0.02d
= 1885 dd2
„¦§¥ = 0.02 × 1662.1{|
Find the area of one bar:
40
 ¸×› 3.1415 × 20
µ= =
4 4
Total unfactored load of column

=
©--«

= 314dd
©.-
= 1037.5KN

µƒ¦§¥ = 0.4%ℎ
C = 40 mm

400´400
= 0.4 × & ) = 640 dd
Column = 400mm × 400 mm

100 Material loads

µƒi = 6% ℎ Fcu= 30 N/mm2
6 × 400
= = 9600 dd
Fy= 460 N/mm2
100
640 dd < 1885 dd < 9600 mm
Concrete density = 24 KN/mm3
2

Soil bearing pressure (Pb) = 177 KN/m2

2
Take the area = 1885mm
Calculation
Find the no: of bars:

No: ™©°¦¦¯ = 6 ≈ 8 •Ž•ƒ of

©ªªí¦¦¯
Determining size of footing

= 0.1 × 1037.5{|
Assume footing self-weight at 10% of axial load
Find the diameter of link:

Ф€ = 0.25 × 20 = 5 ≈ 8 dd = 103.75{|/m

Find the spacing of links š‹ŠŽ' '‹Ž( = 1037.5{| + 103.75{|

¶H = 12 × 20 = 240 dd = 1141{|/d

Spacing of link bars 240 mm takes 200 mm Minimum required base area (A)

1141{|
= 6.4 d
177{|w
DETAILING:

Link dd

= √6.4 = B = 2.5 m
T8mm@180mm c/c

Main bars Assume area of footing is square section

8T20mm@200mm c/c Therefore B = D =2.5 m

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF FOOTING Assume H= 600 mm

Given data Effective depth

€‹•ˆ‡ŠŒ(‡•Ž' (‡•„iŠ‡‹•
Column load
∅Î
(¢ = ℎ − Ÿ −
2
Total factored load of column = 1660 KN

41
600 – 40 – 10 = 550 dd 1141 × 1.05
=
2

= 628.9{|d
Transverse direction,

dù = h − C − 1.5∅

600 – 40 – 1.5 × 20 = 530dd

Design

˜
{=
Check footing self-weight: •( …+-
Ð = 24 {|/d3 × 2.5 d × 2.5d × 0.6d 628.9 × 10-
=
90 { < 103.75{| CµƒƒŒd„( …‹‹Š†Ž¿F 2500 × 530 × 40
= 0.024 ’’ = 0.156
… … … . . •{
Design singly reinforcement
Bending reinforcement

’
± = (C0.5 + ²0.25 −
Transfer direction is critical so design
direction›– =530 mm 0.90

= (C0.5 + ³0.25 −
«.« °
«.®«
Total design load = 1.4 Gk+1.6QK )
= 1.4 × 103.75{| + 1.6 × 1037.5{| = 0.97 ( †ℎ‡iℎ ‡ƒ ˆ•„ŽŠ„• ŠℎŽ• 0.95(

= 1805{| So take Z= 0.95d

Earth pressure (л) = 0.95 × 530dd

= N/(B*D) ± = 503.5 dd

1805{| ˜
µ¡ =
2.5 × 2.5 0.95…– ±
629.8 × 10-
288.8{|/d2
0.95 × 460 × 503.5
= 2858 dd2
Earth line load (WL) = Wp× B

= 288.8× 2
Checking
= 577.6 {|/d
µ¶ C˜û|F = 0.13%À•
«.©™× í««×-««
2500 − 400
Moment at column face

۬ =
©««
=
2
= 1950 dd2
1050 dd
µ¶C˜Ž´F = 4% •ℎ
Ѐ
˜= 4 × 2500 × 600
2 =
100
42
 100As 100x314
= = 0.023 < 3 •{!
=60,000mm2
µ¦§¥ < µ¡ < µ … … . ŠŽ’„ µ¡¦§¥ b÷d Å2500x530Æ
µƒ = 2858dd2 400 400
= = 0.75 < 1.0 |‹Š •{!
∅, = 20 d 530
400
Use = 1.0
µ = ¸• d
= 3.14 × 10 ©
…+- ™ 40 ™
©

( ) = ( ) = 1.12
= 314 dd2 25 25
Û Û Û
ÛÜÜÝ, á âÜÜ â /äå á
«.*®×+ . + . + .
¤+ =
ß- à à ¯æ
µ¡¦§¥
NUMBER OF BARS
|•. •Ž•ƒ = 0¦
µ3.¹
Û Û
= 9.1 bars ≅ 10•Ž•ƒ «.*® Å«.« ™Æá Å©Æâ Å©.© Æ
=
ªíª¦¦¯
™©°¦¦¯

©. í
Spacing ¤+ = 0.20

#ê$ê#∅Q
=
Check direct vertical shear at 1.0d from face
#b of column
2500mm – 2 × 40mm – 10 × 20mm
=
4
Length of critical section
1–
= 555mm ≈ 500mm Le = Å − dÆ
= Å − 530Æ = 520mm
í««–°««
which less than 750mm … … ok

V = W3 × B × L
Shear force,
Provide 10T20 (2,198mm2) @300mm c/c

= 265.6 × 2.5 × 0.52

checking distribution of reinforcement

&E = distance from the column centre to the = 345KN

Shear stress v =
5
16
edge of footing

2500dd 345 × 10™

= = 1250 dd
2 2500x530
= ° + ° = ° + °
™+ ®¨ ™C°««F ®C홫F v = 0.26
v = Vc + 0.4
= 1492.5 dd 0.26 < 0.20 + 0.4 = 0.6

3c 9d v > v + 0.4 Minimum Shear link is required

Therefore L < +
4 4
so bars are evenly are distributed Check Maximum Shear Stress (general)

Column perimeter: u = 4c
= 4 × 400
Check Concrete Shear Resistance:
Concrete shear stress Reinforcement provided is
6T20 (As = 2,198 mm2) = 1600mm

43
Shear stress: V9 = N/u d DL BAEABKB DFURM NAEr AD MUGKAMUO

N/ Å4c x dÆ

1660000
=
4 × 400 × 530
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

V9 = 1.95 < V
GIVEN DATA:
: !
Tread, t = 250 mm,

 Maximum shear column face is Satisfactory Riser, r = 170 mm,

Maximum shear stress:
V = 0.8√fcu = 0.8√40
Waist, h = 120 mm,

= 5 Nwmm2 f = 40 N/mm
Punching Shear at 1.5d of column face Critical fù = 460N/mm

€_Ÿ¾ = i‹'Œd• »„•‡d„Š„• + 8 × 1.5( fù÷ = 250 N/mm

perimeter

= Å4i + 8 × 1.5(Æ
= Å4 × 400 + 8 × 1.5 × 530Æ Concrete density = 24 KN/m™
= 7960 dd QI = 4.5KN/m

µP = Cc + 3dF ∅, = 12dd
Area inside the critical perimeter:

= C400 + 3 × 530F
= C1.99 × 10™ F
C = 25 mm
= 3.96 × 10- mm
= 3.96m
Solution

V <=>= = W3 × A <=>=
Shear force on the critical area: Step 1: slope length

€ = I3 + 1.87
= 265.6 × 3.96
= 3.5d
= 1051 KN ø,
› = ℎ−i−
2
?@ = N – ?EMQAERN = 1660 –1051= 609 KN
Punching shear force:
12
120 − 25 −
2
V3
Punching shear stress:

v3 =
ÅLBC × dÆ
89mm

609 × 10 ™
Assume width strip of 1 m

Å1051 × 530Æ Weight of waist and steps

1.1N 1.87
= < v + 0.4 = &0.12 ´ 3.5 + 0.25 ´ ) ´ 24
mm 2

= 15.7 ’|»„• d„Š„• ƒŠ•‡»

44
€‡H„ '‹Ž( = 4.5 ´ 3 |‹ = 4 •Ž•ƒ

= 13.5 ’| »„• d„Š„• ƒŠ•‡» As provided 4 × 113.04

È'Š‡dŽŠ„ („ƒ‡ˆ• '‹Ž(, = 452 mm2

• = 1.4´15.7 + 1.6´13.5 ©«««

°
Spacing S= = 250 mm for main bars
= 43.58’| »„• d„Š„• ƒŠ•‡» 0.24bh
Transverse bars Aö =
À„•(‡•ˆ ˜‹d„•Š 100
120
C•€F = 0.24 × 1000 × = 288 mm2
˜ = 100
8
C43.58 × 3F
˜ = ` = 16.3{| − d
8
Assume øT=12 mm

A = πr = 3.14 × 62
{ = 3¨¯ = ©«««×ª®¯ ×°«
©-.™×©«¬
+-
= 113.04 mm
= 0.05 < {’ = 0.156
288mm
Number of bars =
L = ( M0.5 + ³Ì0.25 − «.®Í N 113mm
ë

= 2.5 bars take

( M0.5 + ³Ì0.25 − ÍN
«.«í
«.® 3 bars

4T12mm@250mm c/c (µ¼¹1 =452dd )

0.94( < 0.95d ok

0.94 × 89dd = 84 dd

M 16.3 × 10-
µ¡ = =
0.95. fy. Z 0.95 × 460 × 84 Shear stress
=444 dd C FF
Shear force V =
2
µ¡ ¦§¥ = 0.13%•ℎ
43.58
9.:qC:999FC:;9F
:99 2
2
= 156 mm < As OK

Assume øT=12 mm 21.8 KN

A = πr
5
v=
P6

21.8 × 10™
2
3.14 × 6

113.04 mm2 C1000FC89F

444mm 0.245 N/mm < 0.8If OK

No . bars =
113.04mm
45
 µiŠŒŽ' = = 33.7 < 34.4
Ï ™«««
¨ ª®
From the table

©««C°í F ©/™
Ì Í
©«««×ª®
= 0.80 So deflection is satisfactory

©
400 °
& ) = 0.82 take 1
89 DESIGN OF RCC DOME
©
40 ™
& ) = 1.17
Given data
25 Assume
Å0.79 × 0.80 × 1 × 1.17Æ
= 0.485
1.25
Span of the dome = 4 m

v< v so no shear link is required

Thickness of the dome = 200 mm

Central rise = 3 m

' •+- = 25|wdd

Deflection

& ) = 26
( 3.¡§+
•– = 460|wdd
m
= K × FCU
bd Compression of steel = 100|wdd
= 0.05 × 40 = 2
Solution

Load calculations

Self weight of slab = Šℎ‡i’•„ƒƒ × —+

Service stress
;JR PD MUG
JD = & × )=Ì Í
: ;×>c9×>>>
qPD @ML ST q×>=;

= 0.2d × = 4.8{|wd
°ëì
¦¦á
301.2 N/mm2

Å477 − …ƒÆ
˜•š = 0.55 + Take floor finishing = 1{|wd
˜
T120 +0.9 + .U
•(2
Å477 − 301.2Æ Total dead load = 4.8{|wd + 1{|wd
= 0.55 +
ñ120Å0.9 + 2Æò
1.05 < 2 … … … … … … … … … … … . ‹’‡ = 5.8{|wd

Modification factor for tension bars Factored load (W)

 Stair slab occupies at least 60%, = 1.4 × 5.8{|wd = 8.12{|wd

allowable L/d may be increased by 15%

µ''‹†Ž•'„ ¨ = ÀŽƒ‡i ¨ ´ ˜•š ´ ˜•i

Ï Ï
Determination of stresses
VW
Meridional trust (MT) = ˜š =
= 26 × 1.15 × 1.15 =34.4
©XY ÔÎ∅

Find radius

46
 Z̄ ¯ â̄ ¯ 0.30
‚=
Ì Í ×¹ ¯
=
Ì Í ×™¯
µƒŠ = 0.30% × •( = × 1000 × 200
×¹ ×™
= 2.17m 100
Z̄ = 600dd
= Sin∅ = 0.92
â̄
Ì Í Ì Í
=
W .©*
Assume diameter of one bar = 12 dd
Sin∅ =

∅ = sin 0.92 = 67
ê °
¸×› ¸ × 12
ŽƒŠ = = = 113.1mm
4 4
Cª.© F×C .«íF
˜š = C©XY ÔÎ-*° F
= 12{|
ŽƒŠ
¶»Ži‡•ˆ C¶ F = × 1000
Meridiona Stress (MS) µƒŠ

˜¶ = = = 0.06Nwmm 113.1 dd
Î © ש«á
* C©«««× ««F = × 1000 = 188 .5dd
600dd
Checking:

˜¶ = 0.06|wdd < \++ = 4|wdd

Provide minimum reinforcement of 12mm
diameter @ 150mm c/c spacing.

µiŠŒŽ' Ž•„Ž = = 754 dd

©©™.© ש«««
Hence it is safe. ©í«

µƒŠ 754dd
|Œd•„• ‹… •Ž•ƒ C|F = =
ŽƒŠ 113.1dd
Hoop thrust (HT)

1 = 6.7 ≈ 7
•š = ЂCŸ‹ƒ∅ −
1 + Ÿ‹ƒ∅
Šℎ„•„…‹•„ ŠŽ’„ 14•Ž•ƒ.
1
•š = 8.12 × 2.05 &Ÿ‹ƒ67 − )
1 + Ÿ‹ƒ67 Design of ring beams
•š = −5.46{| š × › × Ÿ‹ƒ∅
•‹‹» Š„•ƒ‡‹• C•šF =
2
12 × 4 × Ÿ‹ƒ67
Hoop stress (HS)
]Î = = 9.37{|
•¶ = = −5.46 × ©«««×
©«á
* ««
2

0.027| Reinforcement required

•¶ = −
dd Hoop stressCFTF
Ast =
Checking: Compresion stress

< \++ = 4|wdd

«.« *ì
•¶ = − = = 93.7mm
®.™*ש«á
¦¦¯ ©««

Hence it is safe. Number of bars of ring beamsCNo.F

µƒŠ 93.7dd
|‹. = = = 0.83 ≈ 1
But these stresses are very low therefore
minimum of 0.30% of the dome area will be ŽƒŠ 113.1
Therefore take 2 bars.
adopted as the reinforcement.

µiŠŒŽ' Ž•„Ž = 2 × 113.1 = 226.2dd

Minimum reinforcement
47
Determination of the size of the ring beams d 6.76 × 10-
{= =
•iŒ•( C40FC1000FC125F
•š
µ•„Ž =
µi + Cd − 1F × µƒŠ = 0.01 < 0.156

d= × \+3+ = 280/3 × 7 = 13.33 ∴ ƒ‡•ˆ'„ •„‡•…‹•i„d„•Š

ª«
™

9.37 × 10™
= 1.2 = 0.01
µi + C13.33 − 1F × 226.2 Z = d b0.5 + Ò²0.25 − Óc
0.9
µi = 5484.2dd
0.98 > 0.95( ±dŽ´
Assume square beam so the size of the ring
beam is <>BB × <>BB Z = 118.75mm

m 6.76 × 10-
AS = =
0.95Fyz 0.95 × 460 × 11.75
DESIGN OF SLAB IN MINARET
ƒ»Ž• µ¶ = 130dd
˜‡•‡dŒd „……„iŠ‡H„ („»Šℎ =
20 × d. … µ•„Ž ‹… ‹•„ •Ž• µƒƒŒd„ ∅ = 10dd
µƒƒŒd„ d‹(‡…‡iŽŠ‡‹• …ŽiŠ‹• = 1.2 de ¯ dC©«¯ F
ŽƒŠ = ° °
= 78.5dd
300dd
=

(„……„iŠ‡H„ = = 125dd
20 × 1.2 |Œd•„• ‹… •Ž•ƒ = .¡,
*¡,

‹H„•Ž'' („»Šℎ ‹… ƒ'Ž• CℎF = 125 + 25 + 5 130dd

= 155d = = 1.65 ≈ 2•Ž•ƒ
78.5dd
ƒ„'…†„‡ˆℎŠ ‹… ƒ'Ž• = 0.155 × 24 × 10™ 1000dd
= 3.72 {|/d ¶»Ži‡•ˆ = = 500dd
2
š‹ŠŽ' („Ž( '‹Ž( = 3.72 + 0.5 = 4.22 {|/d

| = 1.4 × 3.72 + 1.6 × 0.5 Design of beam in minaret

= 5.21 + 0.8 Given data

= 6.01{|/d Š•Ž•ƒ…„• '‹Ž( …•‹d ƒ'Ž• Š‹ •„Žd

Point load = 6.01{|

Ѐ 6.01{˜/d × 3 fÇŒ‡HŽ'„•Š •„iŠŽ•ˆŒ'Ž• …‹•dŒ'Ž

d= =
8 8
|€¢ 6.01 × 3
Ð= = = 6.01 {|⁄d
d = 6.76{|. d 3 3
¶„'… †„‡ˆℎŠ ‹… •„Žd = 0.2 × 0.15 × 24
= 0.72 {|⁄d
48
›„Ž( '‹Ž( = ƒ„'… †„‡ˆℎŠ + •‡•‡ƒℎ‡•ˆ
= 0.72 + 1 = 1.72 {|⁄d
Given

transfered load = 25.26’|

È'Š‡dŽŠ„ '‹Ž( = 1.4›€ + 1.6€€ = Cover = 25mm
ŽƒƒŒd„ Фš = 16dd
1.4C1.72F + 6.01 = 8.42 {|⁄d
Ф€ = 8 dd
Ð' 8.42 × 3 •iŒ = 40 |wdd
˜‹d„•Š = = = 9.5{|d
8 8 …¿ = 460 |wdd
12 '1 = 4d
(’ „……„iŠ‡H„ = • − 2i −
2
Step 1: find the value of Lox and Loy

€1¢ = € − (34.¦ = 3d − 0.4d =

= 200 − 2 × 25 − 6 = 144dd
2.6d =2600mm
˜ 9.5 × 10-
{= = €‹¿ = € − •34.¦ = 4d − 0.3d = 3.6m
…iŒ × • × ( 40 × 150 × 144

= 0.076 < 0.156 Step 4: find the value of β by the checking of

conditions:
Šℎ„•„…‹•„ ‡Š ‡ƒ ƒ‡•ˆ'¿ •„‡•…‹•i„d„•Š
›34.¦ = 400dd = •+1/-¦¥ =400 this is

’
condition is condition1 at the top and bottom

± = ( b0.5 + Ò²0.25 − Óc
0.9
∴ β = 1.2 from table 3.20
∴ Lex = β× Lox= 1.2×3600mm = 4320mm
Step 4:short and slender columns:
0.07
= ( b0.5 + Ò²0.25 − Óc = 0.91(
0.9
In x-direction:
Ï °™ «¦¦
°««¦¦
= = 10.8< 15
0.91( < 0.95( Šℎ„•„…‹•„ ‡Š ‹’. In y- direction short column
± = 0.91 × 144 = 131dd Ï °™ «¦¦
3 °««¦¦
= = 10.8 < 15
d 9.5 × 10-
µƒŠ = =
0.95…¿L 0.95 × 460 × 131
Calculation of ultimate load

= 166dd
DL = self weight + finishing load

= 0.3d × 0.4d × 4d × = 11.52{|

°ëì

195 ¦á
|Œd•„• ‹… •Ž•ƒ = = 1.72 ≈ 2•Ž•ƒ
113.1 €€ = 25.26{|
∅ 12
• − 2i−≠ 2 150 − 2 × 25 − 2 × 2
DESIGN LOAD = 1.4*DL+1.6*LL
¶= =
≠ƒ 1 1.4*11.52KN + 25.26KN = 41.39KN

= 88dd ФŸ
ℎÑ = ℎ – Ÿ – Ф€ –
2
= 400 – 25 – 8 – 16/2 = 359 dd
DESIGN OF MINARET COLUMN:

49
• Ñ = • – Ÿ – Ф€ – Ÿ Mx Ñ < My Ñ

= 300 – 25 – 8 – 16/2 = 259 dd Therefore take My Ñ

•Ñ
˜¿′ = ˜¿ + £ Ã Ñ Ä ˜´
Minimum eccentricity:
ℎ
Along major x-x axis,

h = 400mm Find the value of £

„¦§¥ = 0.05ℎ = 0.05 × 400 | 41.39 × 10™

& )=
= 20dd •ℎ…iŒ C300 × 400 × 40F

… … … … … … •{! = 0.0086

˜´ = | × „¦§¥ From Table 3.22; β = 0.99

= 41.39{| × 0.02 0.259

˜¿ Ñ = 2.39 {| + 0.99 × & )
0.359
= 0.83{| − d
× 2.31{| = 4.04{|d
A long minor y-y axis,

• = 0.05•
Using Column Design Chart:

N 41.39x10™
= = 0.34
= 0.05 × 300 = 15 dd bh 300x400

= 0.015 dd •{! M 4.04 × 10-

= Ã Ä = 0.084
bh 300 × 400
˜¿ = | × „¦§¥
› ℎÑ 359
= 41.39{| × 0.015 = =& ) = 0.89 ≈ 0.9
ℎ ℎ 400
= 0.62 {| − d { = 0.39
C™««×°««F׫.©
= ’ µƒ =
Biaxial bending ©««*¡
3 ©««
Mx
:.

Mx = & Ñ )
Ñ
= 120 dd2
h
0.83 kNm
= = 2.31KN 300 × 400
As min =
0.359m 0.4%bh = 0.4 & )
100
My Ñ 0.62 kNm
My = Ã Ñ Ä =
Ñ
= 480 dd > 120 dd < µƒ¦.¢ = 6% À•
b 0.259m

= 2.39KN = C6 × 300 × 400FF/100

= 7200 dd2 ŠŽ’„ µƒd‡• 480 dd2
CHECKING
Area of one bar:

50
 ¸×› 3.1415 × 16
µ = =
4 4
= 201dd

480
|‹ ‹… •Ž•ƒ = = 2.04
201
≈ 4 •Ž•ƒ

Then additional bars will be 2 because of our

column sections is greater than 250mm.

Diameter of link

1
∅L = × 16 dd = 4 ≈ 6dd
4

Spacing of link

¶H = 12 × 16dd

= 192dd ŠŽ’„ 180 dd

Number of link

|‹ = 22.2 ≈ 23•Ž•ƒ
°«««¦¦
©ª«¦¦

Spacing of main bars

DETAILING:

Link

23š6dd@180dd i/i

Main bars

8š20dd@300dd i/i

= µ¼¹1 C1608dd F

51
BILL OF QUANTITY

52
53
54
55
56