Sweet & Karen Review and Tutorial Center c.

Division of a polynomial by another polynomial

No. 82 Zone 1, Estancia Malinao, Albay Laws of Exponents
Cp. No. 09109436343 1. Product Law- If m and n are integers and a ≠ 0 , then am x an = am+n
2. Power of a Power Law- If m and n are integers and a ≠ 0, then (am)n= amn
MAJOR: MATHEMATICS 3. Power of a Product Law- If m is an integer and a ≠ 0, and b ≠ 0, then
May 18, 2018 (ab)m = ambm
BASIC ALGEBRA, ADVANCED ALGEBRA, SOLID MENSURATION, PLAIN TRIGONOMETRY 4. Quotient Law
LECTURER: NEIL DOMINIC D. CAREO If m and n are integers and m>n, and a ≠ 0, then am/an= am-n
If m and n are integers and m<n, and a ≠ 0, then am/an= 1/an-m
PART I: BASIC ALGEBRA If m and n are integers and m=n, and a ≠ 0, then am-n=a0=1
Algebraic Expression- an expression composed of constants, variables, grouping symbols, 5. Power of a Quotient Law- If n, a, and b are integers, and b≠0,
and operation symbols then (a/b)n = an/bn
Polynomials- is a term or a finite sum of terms, with non- negative integer exponents Factoring Polynomials
permitted on the variables 1. Common Factoring
Term of a Polynomial- is a single number or the product of a number and one or more 2. Factoring the Difference of Two Squares
variables raised to whole number exponents 3. Factoring the Perfect Square Trinomial
Degree of a Polynomial- is the highest exponent of the variable in the polynomial a. a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a+b)2 = (-a – b)2= (a +b)(a +b)= (-a – b)( -a –b)
Like terms- if two terms contain the same variables with the same powers b. a2 -2ab + b2 = (a-b)2= (-a +b)2= (a – b)( a – b)= (-a + b)(-a +b)
Kinds of Polynomials 4. Factoring by Grouping
a. Monomial- polynomial that has only one term 5. Factoring by Completing the Square
b. Binomial- polynomial that has two terms Rational Expression- is a quotient of algebraic expressions
c. Trinomial- polynomial that has three terms Operations on Rational Expressions
d. Multinomial- polynomial that has four or more terms 1. Multiplication and Division of Rational Expressions
Evaluating Algebraic expression- means obtaining or computing the value of the 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎𝑐
𝑥 =
expression where value/s of the variable/s is/are assigned. 𝑏 𝑑 𝑏𝑑
2. Quotient of Fractions
Operations on Algebraic Expressions 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑑 𝑎𝑑
1. Addition ÷ = 𝑥 =
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏 𝑐 𝑏𝑐
2. Subtraction 3. Addition and Subtraction of Rational Expressions
3. Multiplication- to multiply two polynomials, multiply each term of one polynomial 𝑎
Similar: ± =
𝑐 𝑎 ±𝑐 𝑎
Dissimilar: ± =
𝑐 𝑎𝑑 ±𝑏𝑐
to every term of the other then add the results. 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑏 𝑑 𝑏𝑑

a. Multiplication of a Monomial by another monomial

4. Simplification of Complex Rational Expressions
b. Multiplication of a polynomial by a monomial
Radical Expressions and Negative Exponent
c. Multiplication of a polynomial by another polynomial
- If n is a positive integer and a is a real number for which a1/n is defined, then the
4. Division
expression √𝑎 is called radical, and √𝑎 = a1/n
𝑛 𝑛
a. Division of a monomial by another monomial
Simplifying Radical Expressions
b. Division of a polynomial by a monomial
1. Product Rule for Radicals
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
√𝑎𝑏= √𝑎 𝑥 √𝑏
 𝑎
𝑛
√𝑎 A term involving a variable with a specific exponent is obtained by using the formula
2. Quotient Rule for Radicals
𝑛
√𝑏 = 𝑛
√𝑏
3. Rationalizing the Denominator 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2) … (𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1) 𝑛−𝑟 𝑟
𝑦𝑟 = 𝑥 𝑦
Relation, Domain, and Range 𝑟!
Relation- is a set of ordered pairs Exponential Functions- An exponential function with base b is defined by an equation of
Domain- the set of first coordinates the form f(x) = bx, where b and x are real numbers and b > 0, b≠ 1.
Range- set of second coordinates Properties of Exponential Functions
1. bxby = bx+y
Linear Equations 2. bx = by , if and only if x = y
-an equation is linear if the variables occur at first powers only, there are no products of 3. b-x = 1 / bx
the variables, and no variable is in a denominator. The graph of the linear equation is a 4. If b > 1, and x < y, then bx < by
straight line. 5. If 0 < b < 1 and x < y, then bx > by
Applications of Linear Equations in One Variable Exponential Equations- an equation where the unknown quantity appears in an exponent
1. Number-Related Problems Logarithmic Functions- The equation f(x)= logbx , where b ≠ 1, x > 0 and b > 0 is called a
2. Age Related Problems logarithmic function.
3. Work-Related Problem Properties of Logarithms
4. Mixture Related Problem 1. Logbx + logby = logb(xy)
5. Rate Related Problem 2. Logbx – logby= logb (x/y)
Linear Equations with 2 Unknowns 3. Logbxn = nlogbx
Linear Equations with 3 Unknowns Solving Logarithmic Equations- to solve a logarithmic equation means to find the value of
the unknown quantity in the given equation
PART II: ADVANCED ALGEBRA Inequalities- Any relation expressed using the symbols <, >, or ≤ is called inequality.
Quadratic Equation- An equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0 where a ≠ 0 , a, b, and c Properties of Inequality
are constants Let a, b, c, and d be real numbers. The following hold
Methods of Finding the Roots of a Quadratic Equation 1. Trichotomy Property
1. Factoring ( Use this method if the quadratic equation is factorable) a > b or a < b or a = b
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 2. a > b if a – b > 0 a < b if a – b < 0
2. Quadratic Formula 𝑥= 2𝑎 3. If a > 0 and b > 0 , then a + b > 0 and ab > 0
3. Using Calculator
If a < 0 and b < 0, then a + b < 0 and ab > 0
Binomial Expansion- To obtain the terms of the binomial expansion (a + b)n, we use the
4. Transitivity If a < b and b < c, then a < c
binomial formula:
5. Addition Property If a < b and c < d, then a + c < b + d
𝑛(𝑛 − 1)𝑎𝑛 −2 𝑏 2 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2)𝑎𝑛 −3 𝑏 3
(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 + 𝑛𝑎𝑛 −1 𝑏 + + 6. Multiplication Property
2! 3! If a < b and c > 0, then ac < bc
𝑛 −1 𝑛
+ ⋯ + 𝑛𝑎𝑏 +𝑏
If a < b and c < 0, then ac > bc
The rth term of the binomial expansion
𝑛(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2) … (𝑛 − 𝑟 + 2) 𝑛−𝑟+1 𝑟−1 SEQUENCES AND SERIES
𝑟 𝑡ℎ = 𝑥 𝑦 Arithmetic Sequence- a sequence in which a constant d is added to the previous term to
(𝑟 − 1)!
get the next. The constant d is called the common difference.
Nth term of an Arithmetic Sequence
𝑡𝑛 = 𝑡1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
Arithmetic Series- the indicated sum of an arithmetic sequence
𝑛 𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = (𝑡1 + 𝑡2 ) 𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝑛 = (2𝑡1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑)
2 2
Geometric Sequence- sequence in which a constant r is multiplied by the previous term to
get the next term. The constant r is called the common ratio
Nth term of a Geometric Sequence
𝑡𝑛 = 𝑡1 𝑟 𝑛−1
Arithmetic Series- the indicated sum of an arithmetic sequence

PART III: SOLID MENSURATION

PART IV: PLAIN TRIGONOMETRY
Trigonometric Function Values
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 ø
𝑠𝑖𝑛ø =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ø
𝑐𝑜𝑠ø =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 ø
𝑡𝑎𝑛ø =
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ø

Law of Sines, Cosines, and

Tangents