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APPRAISEMENT OF GEOTHERMAL WATER

QUALITY ANALYSIS FOR INDUSTRIAL AND
IRRIGATION PURPOSE IN....

Conference Paper · June 2018

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Anirbid Sircar
Pandit Deen Dayal Petroleum University
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 APPRAISEMENT OF GEOTHERMAL WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS FOR
INDUSTRIAL AND IRRIGATION PURPOSE IN UNAI GEOTHERMAL FIELD,
GUJARAT, INDIA

Rajan. Varsada1, Sweta Vaishnani1, Uttam. Savaliya1, Meet. Faldu1, Manan. Shah1 and Anirbid. Sircar1
1
School of Petroleum Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, 382-007 India

SUMMARY: These days, more prominence is led towards the direct utility of geothermal water in innumerable
fields. The given study looks over to the quality of ground water that is to be employed for irrigation purpose and
industrial purpose as feed water. From the geothermal site, Unai, that is situated in Vansda Taluka of Navsari
District, three samples were collected. Various parameters of the samples were calculated and hydrochemical
study was carried out. The entire study had been carried out separately for both irrigational and industrial
practice of groundwater. For industrial practice of geothermal groundwater, the vital Water Quality Indices such
as LSI, RSI, PSI and LS were appraised, while for irrigational practice, the vital Indices like SAR, SP, KR, RSC
and PI were appraised. Endmost outcomes demonstrated that the water of the collected samples were not fitting
the desirable limits due to excess concentration of few anions and cations. Hence, that water must be pretreated
in order to use it for irrigation and industrial purpose.

Keywords: Geothermal Energy, Ground Water, Water Quality Analysis, Irrigation, Industrial

INTRODUCTION scientific importance. The coordinates of the site of

In the time away till now, our mother Earth has
been wholly dependent on fossil fuels in fuel
production, electricity production and in
industrialization and urbanization. But due to the
depletion of fossil resources, today’s science is
leaning more towards the development of various
renewable resources. The growth of science in the
field of geothermal water is tremendous in current
days due to its ample availability. Some of its area
of utilization include geothermal heat pumps, aqua
culture, paper industry, biogas production, honey
processing, etc. The natural factors, industrialization
and urbanization are some of the factors that affects
the water quality and contaminates it. Before taking
geothermal water in use, human actions and the
sustainable development of the society has to be
taken care of.
The relation between chemical characteristics,
form of water and geology of the area is scrutinized
from the hydrogeochemial study and Water Quality
Indices at the time of evaluation. Various particles
and contaminants get mixed or dissolved with the
groundwater by means of some natural practices like
weathering, decaying of organisms, leaching of soil,
etc. These processes depend on hydrogeochemistry,
biological factors, geology, hydrology and many
more. This piece narrates the work done by the team
to know the quality of undergroung water on the
basis of various parameters such that the water can
be efficiently utilised for development of the society.
STUDY AREA
Location
The study is carried out in Unai, a village located in
Vansda Taluka of Navsari District in Gujarat. Unai
has got hot water springs having both religious and
the collected samples are as given in the Table 1.
STUDY SECTOR
Irrigation
The principal economic activity in India is of
agriculture. This profession is largely dependent on
water, atmosphere, soil, depth of water-table and so
on. Also, the presence of various cations and anions
like Na+, Mg+2, Ca+2, HCO3-, Cl-, F-, etc. Along with
these, the water quality indices such as pH,
Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Salts
(TDS), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Kelly’s
Ratio (KR), Sodium Percentage (SP), Residual
Sodium Carbonate (RSC) and Permeability Index
(PI). These parameters are calculated to know the
quality and quantity of the ground water so that it
can be known whether the water requires any
pretreatment or not.
Industry
The minerals are present either in the dissolved form
or in deposited form in any water along with the
contaminants. If the minerals are found in dissolved
form, then water has corrosive nature, while if the
minerals are in deposited form, then it has scale
forming nature.The corrosion of metallic surfaces
can be restricted due to scale formation. Any water
is considered to have better quality if the scale
forming capacity is less. The main reason for
deposition of ions is the presence of calcium
carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium sulfate
and magnesium chloride. This leads to scale
formation and secondary pollution of water with
more energy consumption. To check the water
quality, the concentration of various ions like Ca+2,
 Mg+2, Na+, K+, HCO3-, CO2-, F-, Cl- and SO42- and
various corrosion and scaling indices like LSI, RSI,
PSI and LS have been calculated to know the .
stability of water.

References

[1] Ayers, R.S., and Westcot, D.W., (1985), “Water

Quality for Agriculture”, FAO Irrigation and
Drainage Paper, 29(Rev. 1):1–144.

[2] AWWA., (1971), “Water quality and treatment.

3rd Edition”, McGraw Hill Book Figure 2. Geothermal map of India
Company, New York. and geological map of Gujarat

[3] Datta, K.K., and Dayal, B. (2000), “Irrigation

with poor quality water”, An empirical study
of input use, economic loss and cropping strategies.
Indian J. Agric. Econ. 55(1):26-37.

[4] Fereshteh, Z., Eslami, H., Afrous, A., (2014),

“Spatial variation of corrosion and scaling
potential of groundwater using kriging (Dezfoul –
Andimeshk Plain)”, Bulletin of
Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences.

Illustrations and graphics

Figure 1. Graphical Representation of whole study

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