Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Dr Carl Poree
Room 3.1, Chemistry Building
poreec@tcd.ie
Fe3+ → Fe0
In molecules, they represent the charge the atom would have if the electrons
were completely transferred, rather than shared.
Alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) have oxidation states of +1. Alkaline earth
metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) have oxidation states of +2.
Fluorine always has an oxidation state of −1, except in its elemental form
(F2).
The sum of oxidation numbers of all the atoms in a molecule or ion must
equal the charge on the molecule or ion.
Cr2O72− (aq) + 3Sn2+ (aq) + 14H3O+ (aq) →2Cr3+ (aq) +3Sn4+ (aq) + 21H2O (l)
Sn: +2 to +4 oxidised
Cr2O72−: O: −2
7 x O: −14
2 x Cr: +12
Cr: +6
Cr: +6 to +3 reduced
O = −2 O = −2 O = −2 Mn = +2
4 x O = -8 H = +1 2O = −4
∴ Mn = –1 –(–8) 4O + 2H = −6 ∴ C = +4
=+7 ∴ C = +3
+3 +4
C2H2O4 (aq) 2CO2 (g) + 2e−
Balance oxygen atoms with water:
Start simplifying:
2MnO4− (aq) + 6H+ (aq) + 5C2H2O4 (aq) 2Mn2+ (aq) + 8H2O (l) + 10CO2 (g)