Effects of crime

- Individual level- victim

 Through criminal justice process
• Many times the victim is interrogated by the
police and questioned by others, family, friends,
etc., in a negative manner
 Suffers from posttraumatic stress disorder. Some crime
victims also suffer long-term physical conditions.
 The mental and physical after effects also cause a long-
term financial burden on the crime victim. Visiting
psychologists and physical therapy specialists is not
cheap.
- economic cost
1.loss in tourism and retail cost
-Crime does affect tourism negatively and can dent the image of a
destination
The depth of the recession in the United Kingdom (Barbados' principal
source of tourists) coincided with the lowest number of tourist arrivals
since 1985 and the largest number of visitor robberies.
- Issues related with the spate of crimes and the people’s protests
reported in and around Johor Baru have some adverse effects on the
states’s tourism industry.
2. Communities and governments spend public funds on facilities and
human labour
evidence: 1. In America, the crime clock continues to click: one murder
every 22 minutes, one rape every 5 minutes, one robbery every 49
seconds, and one burglary every 10 seconds. And the cost of crime
continues to mount: $78 billion for the criminal justice system, $64 billion
for private protection, $202 billion in loss of life and work, $120 billion in
crimes against business, $60 billion in stolen goods and fraud, $40 billion
from drug abuse, and $110 billion from drunk driving. When you add up
all the costs, crime costs Americans a stunning $675 billion each year.
2. By the beginning of the twenty-first century it was estimated that
the annual cost of crime in the United States was reaching upward
toward $1.7 trillion.
-Psychological level
- Loss of security.
Evidence: In recent months, even apathetic Americans have been shaken
from their false sense of security as they have seen criminals invade
nearly every sanctuary where they felt they were safe.
- Community level
• About one-third of hate crime victims report behavioural changes
both as coping responses to the most recent attack and as
attempts to avoid potential future victimisation.
• hate crimes are most likely to create or exacerbate tensions, which
can trigger larger community-wide racial conflict, civil disturbances,
 and even riots. affects different members of the community
differently
-Gender appears to be the best predictor of fear of crime. Although young
males constitute the group that is victimized most often, women express
the highest levels of fear of crime.
-According to the British Broadcasting Company (BBC), surveys of older
people found that almost half over the age of 75 were too afraid to leave
their homes after dark believing they were subject to verbal abuse or
mugging.