Faculty of Engineering THIRD YEAR CIVIL-2016

Cairo University REINFORCED CONCRETE

STR 302B

Example (1) :-
Using ultimate limit state design method, design and draw cross section for the
short columns given P D.L=1500 KN & live loads PL.L= 700 KN.The concrete
characterisitic strength fcu is 25 N /mm2 while the stress proof fy is 240 N /mm2
(1-a) A square tied column
(1-b) A rect . tied column having a width of 0.30m
(1-c) A circular tied column .
(1-d) A spiral circular column
(1-e) A spiral square column .
Solution :-
Since PL.L < 0.75 PD.L. ………………………………Code (3-2-1-1-2 -‫)ب‬
Pu = 1.5 ( PD.L+ PL.L ) = 1.5 (1500+700) =3300 kN.
Using code equation (4-12-a) for tied column.
Pu= 0.35 fcu Ac + 0.67 fy Asc
3300 x 103 =0.35 x 25 Ac + 0.67 x 240 x Asc
Let Asc= 0.01 Ac
3300 x 103 =0.35 x 25 Ac + 0.67 x 240 x 0.01 Ac
Ac req = 318594.3 mm2

(1-a) Square Tied Column ( b  b )

Ac req = b  b =318594 mm2  b = 564.5 mm
Choose b = 600mm  Ac chosen = 360000mm2
Asc = 0.01 Ac req =3186 mm2
>0.008 Ac req = 2550 mm2
>0.006 A c chosen = 2160 mm2 O.K. …….…………...Code ( 6-4-7- 1 -‫)أ‬
Choose 16  16 ( Asc chosen = 3216 mm2 )
Stirrups
Smax = max. spacing between stirrups ……………………………..Code (6-4-7-‫)ز‬
b=600 mm
= smaller 15 col =15 X 16 =240 mm
200 mm 60cm
Use S = 200mm
^

30cm

Stirrup diameter (  st min ) 2x5 8/m'

60cm

8mm
 st min = bigger 16 16
col /4 =16/4 =4 mm 25cm
^

R. Concrete STR302B SOLVED EXAMPLES PREPARED BY CONCRETE STAFF Page 1

 Faculty of Engineering THIRD YEAR CIVIL-2016
Cairo University REINFORCED CONCRETE
STR 302B

Use st = 8 mm & spacing 200mm Use stirrups 5 8 /m

Vstirrups = Volume of stirrups / m
= 5 [ 4 550 +4  390 ] 50.3
Vc = Volume of concrete = 600 6001000 = 360x106 mm3
Vstirrups / Vc = 0.263 % > 0.25 % O.K. ………………………….Code ( 6-4-7-‫)ح‬
Note :
If the percentage is less than 0.25% , volume of stirrups should be increased by
increasing the diameter , No. of branches and No . of stirrups / m (descreaing S )

( 1-b ) Rectangular Tied Column :-

Acreq = b t = 318594 mm2
For b = 300 mm t = 1062 mm 3x5 8/m'
16 16
 t = 1100 mm Ac chosen330000 mm 2

30cm
Asc= 0.01 318594 = 3186 mm2
> 0.008 Ac req 110cm
> 0.006 Ac chosen O.K.
choose 16  16 ( Asc= 3216 mm2 ) .
Stirrups let stirrups 5  8/ m …….(Smax & st min as case (1-a) )
Vstirrups = 50.3  5 [ 2(250 +1050 ) +2 2 ( 250 +150 )] = 105630 mm2
Vc =30 110100 =330x106 mm3
Vstirrups / Vc =0.32 % > 0.25 % O.K .

(1-c ) Circular Tied Column

16 16
Ac req =  Dc 2/4 =318594 mm2
Dc =637 mm  Dc = 650 mm 65cm
Ac chosen =331800 mm2
Asc =3186 mm2
> 0.008 X 318594 mm2
>0.006 X331800 mm2 O.K 10 8/m'
or 6 10/m'
Choose 16  16 (A sc = 3216 mm2 )

Stirrups
Vc = 331800  1000 = 331.8 x106 mm3
Vstirrups = 5  50.3   600 = 474066.33 mm3
Vst / Vc = 0.143% < 0.25 % Increase stirrups
Using stirrups  8 with spacing S
Vst= (0.25 /100) 331.8 x106 =( 1000/s) 50.3   600
 S =1140 cm Stirrups 10 8/ m (s=100 mm )

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 Faculty of Engineering THIRD YEAR CIVIL-2016
Cairo University REINFORCED CONCRETE
STR 302B

Or use stirrups  10
 S = 178 mm  use stirrups 6  10/m ( S=166.6 mm )

(1-d) Circular Spiral Columns

Using code equations ( 4-12-b ) & (4-12-c )
Pu = 0.35 fcu Ak +0.67 fy A sc + 1.38 fysp . Vsp ………………………………...(1)
Pu = 0.4 fcu Ac + 0.76 fy As ……………………………………………………(2)
Using equation (2)
Let Asc = 1.0 % Ac = 0.01 Ac ….…Code (6-4-7-‫ – أ‬2) 14 16

cm
 3300  103 = 0.4  25 Ac +0.76 240 0.01 Ac Dc = 60

cm
55
Ac = 279093.3 mm2 =  Dc2 / 4

=
k
D
Dc  600 mm  Ac = 282740 mm2
Spiral
 Asc = 1/100 Ac = 2791mm2 8/ 3.75cm
Choose (14  16 ) ( Asc = 2814 mm2)
Dk = Dc-50 =550 mm 3.75cm
Ak =  Dk2 /4 = 237583 mm2
sp = Asc /Ak = 1.2 % O.K. ………………………………… Code (6-4-7-‫– أ‬2)
Sub. in equation ( 1)
3300  103 = 0.35  25 237583 + 0.67  240  2814 + 1.38  240 Vsp
Vsp = 2321 mm2 sp = Vsp/Ak = 2321 /237583 = 9.77x10-3
sp min = 0.36 (fcu / fysp )(( Ac/Ak)-1 ) = 7.13 x10-3 ………………Code Eq. (4.12-e)
< sp O.K.
Use sp = 9.77x10-3
Vsp =  Dk Asp /p let sp = 8 mm
Asp = 50.3 mm2
p =  Dk . Asp / Vsp =  550  50.3 /2321 = 37.5 mm
30mm < p < 80 mm …………………………………………..Code ( 6-4-7-‫) ك‬
 Spiral  8 /37.5 mm

(1-e) Spiral Square Column :

As given in (1-d)
Ac = 279100 mm2 = b b b = 528.3 mm
Choose b = 550 mm Ac = 302500 mm2
Asc = 1416 =2814 mm2
Dk = b-50 = 500 mm
Ak= Dk2/4 = 196350 mm2
sc = Asc / Ak = 1.4% > 1.2 %

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 Faculty of Engineering THIRD YEAR CIVIL-2016
Cairo University REINFORCED CONCRETE
STR 302B

Using eq . (4-12-b)
3300 103 = 0.35 25196350 0.672402814 1.38240Vsp
55cm
Vsp = 3410 mm2 sp = Vsp / Ak =0.0174
14 16
sp min =0.36 ( 25 /240 ) ((302500 /196350 )-1) = 0.02 > sp
Spiral
Use sp = sp min = 0.02  Vsp = 0.02  196350 = 3930 mm2

cm
10/ 3cm

55cm
50
Vsp = Dk .Asp /p

=
k
D
Use spiral  8 Asp = 50.3 mm2
p = 19 mm < 30 mm add. 4 16

Use spiral  10 Asp = 78.5 mm 2 5 8/m'

add.
p = 31.0 mm  use pitch = 30.0 mm Spiral  10 /30 mm
Note
Additional reinfocement 4  16 & stirrups 5  8 /m should be used to achieve the square shape

Example (2) :
Calculate the vertical reiforcement Asc and the spirals inside a circular spiral column
having a diameter Dc equal to 600 mm , to carry a factorized load Pu of 3200 KN,
knowing that fcu = 25 N/mm2 & fy = fyp = 280 N/mm2
Solution
For spiral column
(a) Pu = 0.4 fcu Ac + 0.76 fy Asc
3200 1000 =0.4 25  6002/4+ 0.76 280 Asc
Asc = 1750 mm2 Asc min= 0.01Ac = 2827 mm2
Asc = Asc min = 2827 mm2 choose Asc =12  18 (=3048 mm2)
(b) Pu =0.35 fcu Ak + 0.67 fy Asc +1.38 fyp Vsp
3200 103 = 0.35 25 (550)2/4 + 0.67 280 3048 +1.38 280 Vsp
Vsp =1422 mm2
Vsp min = spminAk = 0.36 (25/280 ) ((6002 /5502)–1 )  (550)2 /4 =1452 mm2
Vsp min > Vsp
Vsp = 1452 mm2 = Dk Asp /p for Asp = 50.3 mm2 ( 8 mm)
p = 60.0 mm (30< p< 80 mm O.K. )
p = 60 mm Use spiral  8 /60 mm

Example (3):
For a braced column subjected to Pu = 1500 kN, and having a cross section 250 x 500
mm , it is required to check if the column is short or long and calculate :-
Addititional moments – if any – due buckling in each direction knowing that the clear
height in both direction ( Ho) is equal to 5.00 m . The end condition according to
Egyptian code is as given in the table

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 Faculty of Engineering THIRD YEAR CIVIL-2016
Cairo University REINFORCED CONCRETE
STR 302B

b- direction T- direction
Case
Top end Bottom end top end Bottom end
A 1 1 2 2
B 2 1 1 1
C 2 2 2 1
Solution :
Using table (9-9)
K (case 1-1) = 0.75 , k (case 1-2 ) = 0.80 , k (case 2-2 )=0.85
He =k. Ho & = He /b ( b- direction ) &  = He / t ( t-direction )
If 15 ( table 6-7 ) No buckling occurs in this direction
If 15 30 ( table 6-8 ) buckling occurs in this direction
If >30 the column dimension in this direction should be increased
 b /2000 ( b- direction )

 t / 2000 ( t- direction )
Mu add = P. 
Case b- direction t- direction
K He   M add K He (mm)   M add
(mm) mm) (kN.m) mm) (kN.m)

A 0.75 3750  Zero Zero 0.85 4250 8.5 zero zero
B 0.80 4000  32.0 4.80 075 3750 7.5 zero zero
C 0.85 4250  36.13 5.42 0.80 4000 8.0 zero zero
Column is considered short for case (a) only and the reinforcement may be calculated
using code (equation 4-12 a ) for cases (b & c ) ,the column is considered as long
(slender column )and subjected to Pu in addition to Madd as shown .

M add ( case b or c )
b

Example (4) :
If the clear height (He ) in t – direction changed to be 10.0 m instead of 5.00 m in
example (3) re-check the buckling of the columns given before
Solution :
The solution in b-direction will be as before
For t- direction

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 Faculty of Engineering THIRD YEAR CIVIL-2016
Cairo University REINFORCED CONCRETE
STR 302B

Case (a)
He = 0.85 10000 =8500 mm  =17 > 15
= (17)2 x 500 /2000 = 72.25 mm M add
(t)
Madd = 108.4 kN.m.
So, the column will be subjected to Pu and Madd as shown

M add
Case (b)
(b)
He = 0.75  10000 =7500 mm  = 7500/500 =15
=0.0 Madd =0.0
The column will be subjected to Pu and Madd as shown

Case (c)
He = 0.8 10000 = 8000 mm M add
(c)
 =8000/500 = 16>15
= (16)2 500 /2000 = 64.0 mm M add
(t)
Madd = 1500 x 0.064 = 96.0 kN.m.
The column will be subjected to Pu in addition
to biaxial moments (Madd in both directions as shown) .

Note : If the system is unbraced in example (3) or example (4) all columns in the
system should be studied together in two global till getting the average deformation
(av ) for all columns in each direction (i.e no individual column calculation should be
done as given later in example (10)

Example (5)
Using code tables (4-9) & (4-10 ) , find the ratio He / Ho for the given cases
Case Col dimen Bottom end Top end System
a 250x500 Foundation beam250x600 braced
b 500x500 beam250x400 beam250x600 braced
c 250x800 beam250x700 beam250x500 unbraced
d 250x500 Beam 250x400 slabs only (ts= 200 mm ) unbraced
Solution :
The end conditions given by the code are as follows
Case (1) : Columns are connected monolotically to foundations or slabs or
beams with ts or tb  column dimension in the direction considered
Case (2) : Columns are connected monolotically to slabs or beams with ts or tb
less than the column dimension in the direction considered
Case (3) Hinged connection as for precast systems
Case (4) : Free end as for cantilever columns

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 Faculty of Engineering THIRD YEAR CIVIL-2016
Cairo University REINFORCED CONCRETE
STR 302B

There cases should be studied for each direction of the column

Case b-direction t-direction
b Bot- End Top-End He t Bot- End Top-End He
(mm) tb Case tc case Ho (mm) tb Case tb case Ho
a 250 Found 1 600 1 0.75 500 Found 1 600 1 0.75
b 500 400 2 600 1 0.80 500 400 2 600 1 0.80
c 250 700 1 500 1 1.20 800 700 2 500 2 1.50
d 250 400 1 200 2 1.30 500 400 2 200 2 1.50

Note :-
The system may be braced in one direction and unbraced in other direction and so, the
ratio ( He / Ho ) must be calculate individually in each direction according to the system
type ( braced or un-braced ) in the direction considered (b or t) as will be given in
example (8)

Example 6:
Check if the building shown in fig is considered braced or unbraced
Data :
No . of floors = 6 floors Y
5.0 5.0
Total building height = 19m
C1 C2 C1
C1 = 400 400 mm . total load / floor = 150 kN.
C2 = 250600 mm . Total load / floor = 320 kN. 3.0
W1= 250x3000 mm. Total load / floor = 640 kN 2.0
W1 X
Core thickness = 300 mm 3.0 W1
0.779
2.0
Core load = 400 kN. / floor 0.3 1.4 0.3
Concrete strength fcu = 25 N /mm2 3.0

C1 C2 C1
Solution
Total load = 6 [ 4 (150) + 2(320) + 2(640) +400 ] = 17520 kN.
Inertia about X- X axis for W1
Ix = 250 x 30003 /12 = 562.5x 109 mm4
Neglect the inertia about Y- Y axis for W1

C.G for the core

A1 =300 X 2000 = 600000 mm2
A2 = 300 X 1400 = 420000 mm2
A total = 2 X 600000 + 420000 = 1620000 mm2
Y = (2 X 600000 X 1000 + 420000 X 150) / 1620000=779.6 mm

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 Faculty of Engineering THIRD YEAR CIVIL-2016
Cairo University REINFORCED CONCRETE
STR 302B

Inertia about X- X axis for Core:

Ix =2 [300 X (2000)3/12 +600000 (1000-779.6)2] +1400 X (300)3/12
+ 420000 (779.6 –150 )2 = 627,927,770,000 mm4
Inertia about Y- Y axis for Core:
Iy = 2[2000 X (300) 3 /12 +600000 (850 )2] +300 X (1400 )3 /12 =9.446x1011 mm4
Ix total = 562.5x 109 + (627,927,770,000)
= 1.19043 x 1012 mm4
E  4400 25  22000 N / mm2 ................................................................Code Eq (4  61)
Iy total = 9.446x1011 mm4
In x- direction: - the inertia is taken about Y axis
In y- direction: - the inertia is taken about X axis
ΣN
αH ............................................................................. Code Eq.(art.6  5  4)
ΣEI
As the building more than four stories then it will considered braced only if

17520000
 y  19000  0.491  0.6 ............................  (braced )
22000  1.19043 x 1012
17520000
 x  19000  0.551  0.6 ...................... (braced )
22000  9.446x1011
The building is considered braced in Y direction ( around x axis )
The building is considered braced in X direction ( around y axis )

Example (7)
The following figure shows a sectional elevation of a column in a building braced
in the two directions .

0.6
b = 0.25

t
Ho = 6 - 0.6
= 5.4 m

6.00
x x
Sec ( x - x )

0.6

It is required to design the column with separate stirrups knowing that :

- width of column = 250 mm
- depth of all beams = 600 mm

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 Faculty of Engineering THIRD YEAR CIVIL-2016
Cairo University REINFORCED CONCRETE
STR 302B

- fcu = 25 N/mm2 fy = 360 N/mm2 Pu = 2900 kN

First Estimate of the cross sections dimensions
Assuming the column to be subjected to axid load only then :
Pu = 0.35 fcu Ac + 0.67 fy Asc …………………..………….… Code Eq ( 4.12 a)
Ac
Assume Asc  then :
100
0.67
P  Ac [0.35 f cu  fy]
100
0.67
 Ac [8.75   360]
100
 11.162 Ac
2900  1000
 Ac   259810  250  1050 mm 2
11.162

Buckling calculations :-
1- In plane buckling (t-direction )
Top end condition : (tc=1050)> (tb=600 ) case (2)
Bottom end condition : (tc=1050)> (tb=600 ) case (2)
He
  0.85 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .. Codetable (6  9)
Ho
 He  0.85  540  4590 mm
He 4590
b    4.37
b 1050
b  15  the column is short in this direction.......... .......... ....... Codetable (6  7)

2- Out of plane buckling ( b-direction )

Top end condition : (tc = 250 ) < ( tb =600 )  case (1)
Bottom end condition : ( tc =250 ) < (tb =600 ) case (1)
 He = 0.75 5400 = 4050 mm
H 405
b  e   16 .2
b 25
  15  the columnis long in this direction
b
  b 2  .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ...... Code Eq.(6.37 )
2000
(16 .2) 2  250
  32 .8 mm
2000

Madd = P.……………………………………………….………..Code Eq.(6.36)

Madd = 2900  0.0328 = 95.1 kN.m

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 Faculty of Engineering THIRD YEAR CIVIL-2016
Cairo University REINFORCED CONCRETE
STR 302B

Design of column
Pu =2900 kN , Mu = 95.1 kN.m ( out of plane B.M )
Designing the section using the Interaction Diagram in chart 38 :

Pu 2900  1000
  0.44
f cu t b 25  1050  250
Mu 95 .1  10 6
  0.058
f cu t b2 25  1050  (250 )2
Get   3.6
   f cu10 4  0.9 %
As  As    bt  2363 mm 2
Use 5 25 (Top and Bottom)
25  5
( Note that    0.8)
25

25cm
10 25

105cm

Example (8)
Design sec A-A in the frame shown in figure. Assume the frame is braced in y direction
(out of plane ) and unbraced in – x direction (its plane )
Data
fcu = 25 N/mm2 . fy =240 N/mm2 Pu = 1565.0 kN
As the column has a variable cross , section , so an average value ( t avg ) will be used for
buckling calculation , while the actual section ( t=100cm ) is used in designing sec A-A
The average thickness for buckling may be taken at 2/3h
tavg = 600+400 (2/3) =867 mm
refer to table (6-10)as the frame is unbraced in x- direction
case (3) at bottom and case (1) at top …………………..k = 1.6
Ho = 7.6 + 1- 0.6 = 8.0 m

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 Faculty of Engineering THIRD YEAR CIVIL-2016
Cairo University REINFORCED CONCRETE
STR 302B

700 700 KN.m 100

700 700
80 120
A
A A
340

80 760 cm 700
Ho

340cm

80 100

60 100cm
x - direction

35
y - direction
SEC A - A

He = 1.6 (8) = 12.8 m

12800
  14.76  10 ( table(6  7))
867
(14.76) 2 (0.867)
  0.0944
2000
Muy (add)= 0.0944 (1565) = 147 kN.m
Muy (tot)= 700 + 147 = 847 kN.m
In most cases the additional moment in Y- direction equal to Zero or equal to small
values and can be neglected
1565 x 1000
k  0.179
25x (350)x 1000
=0.9 fy =240 N/mm2 =0.6 …………..Chart No. 19 page 24
ρ= 2.5
= 2.5 (250)10-4 =0.00625
As = 0.00625 (35) 100 = 2187 mm2 …………………..(5  25)
A\s= 0.6 (2187) = 1312.5 mm2…… …….……….(3  25)
As (min ) = [ 0.25 + 0.052 ( 14.76 )] 350 (1000 ) /100= 3550 mm2 ...Code Eq. (6-45)
As (total) = 3928 mm2 ( 8  25 ) > As (min )
100cm
35cm

5 25

4 12 3 25

5 8/m'

Another Solution :
Use chart with uniform steel No. 11 page 16,  =0.9 , fy = 240 N/mm2
K= 0.179, k ( e/t) =0.097

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 Faculty of Engineering THIRD YEAR CIVIL-2016
Cairo University REINFORCED CONCRETE
STR 302B

= 5………………………  =5(25)10-4 = 0.0125

As (total ) = 0.0125 (350) 1000 = 4375 cm2
12 22
As ( chosen ) = ( 4560 mm2) 12 22

In Y- direction
Refer to table ( 6-9) as the frame is braced
in Y- direction . K= 0.75
He = 0.75 (3.40 ) = 2.55m ( since t b > b col ) case (1) 5 8/m'
2.55
  7.30  15 (short column)
0.35

Example (9)
Design the exterior column shown in figure (A) ( column C1)
Data
fcu = 20 N / mm2 fy =240 N / mm2
PD.L = 500 kN , PL.L =500 kN
Assume that the building is braced
3.00
3.00

C1 C1
30x30
3.00
3.00

1 3
2 25x60
4.00

6.00 6.00
40x40 A

wL2
12 w t/m'
Solution :
6000 L
slab  2.0  one way slab
3000
Wus = 1.4 [ 0.10 (25000 ) + 2000] + 1.6 (2150 ) = 9750 N/m2
Wub = 1.4 (25) 0.25 (0.6) +3 (9.75) = 34.5 kN/m2
34.5 * (6) 2
Mf = = 103.5 kN.m
12
K= stiffness of the member
= 4EI/ L ( for member fixed from both ends )
We can also use relative stiffness as all member from concrete ( having the same ends)
Relative stiffness = I/L …………… …………(Fixed – Fixed )
= 3I/ (4 L) ………………….( Fixed – Hinged )

R. Concrete STR302B SOLVED EXAMPLES PREPARED BY CONCRETE STAFF Page 12

 Faculty of Engineering THIRD YEAR CIVIL-2016
Cairo University REINFORCED CONCRETE
STR 302B

From code for two bays or more , the moment over column ends can be calculated as
k n i k
n   k r M f ..............where K r  n
k k
follows (code table 6-11)
This calculations are illustrated in a tabulated form
No. Section I L K Kr = k/ k M= Kr (Mf)
300  300 6.75 x 10
8
1 3000 225,000 0.149 15.5
400  400 21.33 x 10 4000 533,250
8
2 0.353 36.5
3 250  600 45 x 108 6000 750,000 0.498 51.5**
k = 1,508,250 M = 103.5
40
4 18

8 16

40

5 8/m'

Ho = 4.0, He = 0.75 (4.0) = 3.0m

Use chart No. 11 page 16
3.0
  7.5  10 ( short column )
0.40
Pu  1.4 (500)  1.6 (500)  1500 kN
1500  1000
k  0.468
20 x ( 400) x 400
e 36.5  106
k.   0.028
t 20 x ( 400) x 400 2
M
e u  0.024m
P
u
emin  bigger of 0.02or 0.05b
emin  0.02m
e  emin
 ecc . sec tion
= 8.0 ………………………………tot =8 (20)10-4=0.016
As ( total ) = 0.016 (400) (400) = 2560 mm2
As (chosen) = 2732 cm2 (4  18 +8  16 )
** Note : The value of the moment transferred to beam ( 51.5 kN.m. ) is in a good
agreement with the value of the assumed – ve bending on beam edges suggested by the
code
(WL 2 /24) = 34.5 (6)2 /24 = 51.7 kN.m.

R. Concrete STR302B SOLVED EXAMPLES PREPARED BY CONCRETE STAFF Page 13

 Faculty of Engineering THIRD YEAR CIVIL-2016
Cairo University REINFORCED CONCRETE
STR 302B

Example (10)
The following figure represents a structural plan and sectional elevation of a five – story
residential building , Given that :
b= 250 mm , fcu , =25 N / mm2, fy = 360 N / mm2, all beams are 250x500, typical floor
height = 3m, and loads on beams Wd = 20 kN / m andW1 = 10 kN/m .
It is required to :
1) Calculate the straining actions for column C1 through C6 at the ground floor
2) Design column C6.

A B C D E
4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
4.00
1 1

0.5m
C3 C2 C1
4.00

2 2
C6 C5 C4
4.00

Ho = 4.25m
Pd =650 kN Pd =1000 kN Pd =1000 kN
PL =400 kN PL =600 kN PL =600 kN
3 3
0.25
4.00

0.00
y Pd =400 kN Pd =650 kN Pd =650 kN
PL =300 kN PL =400 kN PL =400 kN
4 4 -0.75
Semell 25x60

x A B C D E
-1.75

Structural plan of a five-story building

First Estimation of columns dimensions :

The cross sections of columns can be first estimated by considering them subjected to
axial loads only as following :
Pu= 0.35 fcu Ac + 0.67 fy Asc …………………...………………. Code Eq.( 4.12.a)
Ac
Assume Asc  then :
100
0.67
Pu  A c [0.35 f cu  fy ]
0.67
100
 Ac [8.75   360]  11.162 Ac
100
C1  250 400
C2 , C3 , and C4  250  550
C5 and C6 250  850

Check of building bracing :

The building has not any walls or cores for bracing.
So, the building is unbraced in both X & Y directions.
R. Concrete STR302B SOLVED EXAMPLES PREPARED BY CONCRETE STAFF Page 14
 Faculty of Engineering THIRD YEAR CIVIL-2016
Cairo University REINFORCED CONCRETE
STR 302B

X- direction :
Column Homm Top* Bottom* He Hemm bmm He mm * * *
Ho
**

End End b
Cond Cond.
C1 4250 1 1 1.2 5100 250 20.4 52
C2 4250 1 1 1.2 5100 250 20.4 52
C3 4250 1 1 1.2 5100 250 20.4 52
C4 4250 2 1 1.3 5525 550 10.05 27.8
C5 4250 1 1 1.2 5100 250 20.4 52
C6 4250 2 1 1.3 5525 850 6.5 18
* Code item : 6-4-5-1 ** Code Table :6-10 *** Code Equation : 6-37
av = 43.76mm My ) add = 0.04376(P)
.
Column C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
(M)yD.L add 17.5 28.5 28.5 28.5 43.8 43.8
(M)yL.L add 13.1 17.5 17.5 17.5 26.3 26.3

Y- direction
Column Homm. Top Bottom He He mm Bmm He mm * * *
Ho
**

End End b
Cond Cond
C1 4250 1 1 1.2 5100 400 12.75 32.5
C2 4250 2 1 1.3 5525 550 10.05 27.8
C3 4250 2 1 1.3 5525 550 10.05 27.8
C4 4250 1 1 1.2 5100 250 20.4 52
C5 4250 2 1 1.3 5525 850 6.5 18
C6 4250 1 1 1.2 5100 250 20.4 52

4  32.5  (4  2)  27.8  4  52  4  18  2  52
 av 
20
* Code item : 6-4-5-1 ** Code Table : 6-10 *** Code Equation : 6-37
av = 34 mm.
Mx ) add = 0.034(P)
Column C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
( M)D.L 13.6 22.1 22.1 22.1 34 34
(M) L.L 10.2 13.6 13.6 13.6 20.4 20.4

R. Concrete STR302B SOLVED EXAMPLES PREPARED BY CONCRETE STAFF Page 15

 Faculty of Engineering THIRD YEAR CIVIL-2016
Cairo University REINFORCED CONCRETE
STR 302B

Edge Columns
C2 and C3 in Y- direction & C4 in X- direction
For edge columns another bending moments must be calculated these bending moment
results from the frame action between the beams and the columns . In other words , the
deflection of the end beam causes a rotation in the connection between the beam and the
column consequently causes bending moments in the column .
C1 (Both x – direction and Y- direction )

1) In y – direction
250  400 3
 u  1   1.33 x 10 9 mm 4
12
1.33 x 10 9
26.7  ( )
Mx) D. L  4.75  5.4 kN.m
1.33 x 10 9 1.33 x 10 9 2.604 x 10 9
( )( )( )
4.75 3 4
1.33 x 10 9
13.3  ( )
M y ) L. L  4.75  2.7kN.m
1.33 x 10 9 1.33 x 10 9 2.604 x 10 9
( )( )( )
4.75 3 4
250  5003
Ib   2604167000 mm4
12
250  5503
I u  I1   3466146000 mm4
12
20  42
Mf ) D. L   26.7kN .m
12
In X- direction
400  250 3
Iu  Il   520833333 mm 4
12
520833333
26.7  ( )
M x ) D. L  4.75  3.1 kN.m
520833333 520833333 2604167000
( )( )( )
4.75 3 4
520833333
13.3  ( )
M x ) L. L  4.75  1.6kN.m
520833333 520833333 2604167000
( )( )( )
4.75 3 4
Design of column C6
PD.L.= 1000 kN PL.L = 600 kN
MY) D.L.=43.8 kN.m MY)L.L = 26.3 kN.m
Mx)D.L = 34 kN.m Mx)L.L = 20.4 kN.m

R. Concrete STR302B SOLVED EXAMPLES PREPARED BY CONCRETE STAFF Page 16

 Faculty of Engineering THIRD YEAR CIVIL-2016
Cairo University REINFORCED CONCRETE
STR 302B

Pu =1.4 (1000) +1.6(600) =2360 KN.m

Mxu = 1.4 (34)+ 1.6 (20.4) = 80.2 KN.m ex = Mxu / Pu = 0.034m > ex min *
MYu = 1.4 (43.8) + 1.6 (26.3) = 103.KN.m ey = Myu / Pu = 0.044m > ey min **
To Design a column subjected to biaxial bending moment, a simplified method in the
code item (6-4-6) can be used in which the column may be designed as if it was
subjected to uniaxial bending moment but after multiplying this moment by a
magnification factor as follows .

Pu 2360  1000
  0.44
f cu b a 25  250  850 M xu
  0.48
M xu 80.2 M yu

a
  356.4 kN .m
a 0.225 b
M yu 103.4
  125.3 kN .m M xu
b 0.825
M M
 xu  yu
a b
.
25

16 18

85

Reinforcement Details

b = 850, b = 825 mm. a= 250 , a =225 mm.

Using Chart No. 17 get  =7

= ƿ fcu 10-4 =1.75 %
As (total ) = 3719 mm2 Use 16  18 (Uniformly Distributed )
 as follows :
Designed for M xu
a
  M xu     M yu ............................................................................ Code Eq. (6  43)
M xu
 b 
 225 
 80.2  0.48 x   x 103.4  93.7 kN .m.
 825 

 0.025   0.025 
* ex min  bigger    0.02 m ,* * ey min  bigger    0.0425m
0.05 * 0.25  0.0125 0.05  0.85
Pu 2360  1000
  0.44
f cu b a 25  250  850

M xu 93.7  106
  0.07
f cu b a 2
25  850  2502

R. Concrete STR302B SOLVED EXAMPLES PREPARED BY CONCRETE STAFF Page 17