Review Article

Survey on Image Processing

Gurpreet Kaur1

Abstract
Image processing is the process of converting the image into enhanced form to show the hidden
objects or other features. Image processing is used in various fields like medical fields, defence
system, pattern recognition etc. In this survey article we emphasize the important aspects of image
processing.

Keywords: Digital and analog image processing, Image processing

Introduction
The process of converting image into digital system and doing various actions on that original image in order to
achieve the enhanced version of an image by extracting the specific useful features from it. This is the one of the
method of signal release having input in the form of image, frame of videos and characteristics linked with image or
image is output form. In image processing structure, two-dimensional signal is used for treating images when methods
of already set signals are applied.1 Emerging technologies of todays include various fields like business; science etc and
these applications are linked with image processing.

Basics Steps for Processing an Image

• Introducing means importing or catching of image through any camera or way of photography
• Investigating and operating means analysis of captured image and doing its manipulation by performing various
operations like compressing data and enhancing images.
• Processed Image is output image which is collected at end stage includes the reports or image which is altered in
analysis phase as shown in Figure a.

Image catching Analyzing and manipulating Processed image

Figure 1.Image Processing Steps

The main focus of image processing is alienated in five parts. These are:

1. Picturing: It is process of visualizing the entities or recognizing the objects which are not exactly visible.
2. Refining and Refurbishment: This process includes creating a better image by sharpening and restoring
operations.
3. Image retrieval: Seek for the image of interest.
4. Pattern Measurement: In this process the various objects are measured in an image.
5. Recognition of image: In this object is recognized or distinguishes in an image.

1
M.Tech Student, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
E-mail Id: paprinder.singh@gna.university.edu.in
Orcid Id: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-6611
How to cite this article: Kaur G. Survey on Image Processing. J Adv Res Image Proc Appl 2017; 4(1&2): 16-20.

© ADR Journals 2017. All Rights Reserved.

J. Adv. Res. Image Proc. Appl. 2017; 4(1&2)
Image Processing Methods analog image processing and
digital image processing are the two image processing
methods. For photographs and other hard copies like
printouts the analog method of image processing is
used. Different types of basic clarification are used by
image processing analysts during the use of these
methods of image processing. Image processing is not
only limited to range which has to be deliberate but on
information of image analyst.2 Through visual method
the association is other important tool used in image
processing.
Hence there is need to apply the both personal
information a collateral data knowledge to process an
Figure 2.Phases of Digital Image Processing
Decisions and classifications post processing operations
assess accuracy reports shown in Fig. 1, 2, 3. When
Figure 3.Image after Sharpening
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image. When image is processed, or manipulate with
use of computer then that process is known as digital
image processing. The data retrieve from the various
imaging sensors like from satellite that raw data
contains the various deficiencies. In order to improve
such images or to remove such flaws the various phases
are required to process the image. The main three
phases as shown in Figure 2 through which image have
to undergo in digital image processing are:
• Pre-processing
• Enhancement
• Extracting Information
blurring process is applied in digital image processing
the output of image is like as below:
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Figure 4.Blur Image
Applications of Image Processing
Restoration and Sharpening
Image improving and refurbishment refers to the
process of image processing in which captured image
from optical or modern camera is manipulate to create
a better image.3,4 This Manipulation is done to achieve
the desired results from an image. Zooming, sharpening,
gray scale to color conversion, blurring, detecting edges,
and image retrieval and Image recognition is included in
this. The common examples are:
Through satellite the area earth is captured or scanned
Figure 6.Capturing Damaged Area by Digital Camera
Filtering for Noise Reduction
Linear and non -linear filters are used for filtering
process. Linear filters include Gaussian filter and mean
filter whereas median filters are the example of non-
J. Adv. Res. Image Proc. Appl. 2017; 4(1&2)
Figure 5.Original Image
and then analysis on that obtained information is done
in order to retrieve the specific results, this process is
known as remote sensing as shown in Figure 6. So,
digital image processing has important role in this
particular area to detect the infrastructure damages due
to various natural disasters like earthquakes. An image
of the affected area is taken from the above ground and
then that is analyzed to distinguish the different types of
damage due to earthquake.
The analysis includes the main points these are
• The extraction of different types of edges
• Analysis and enhancement of edges of different
types.
linear filters. Noise can be added in images through the
camera. Different types of noise are-amplifier noise,
salt-and-pepper noise, shot noise, speckle noise.7 The
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 shows the uses of filters on images.
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J. Adv. Res. Image Proc. Appl. 2017; 4(1&2)
Figure 7.Salt and Pepper Noise Added
Machine/Robot Vision
In today world, the robots face many challenges and
one major challenge is including the robot vision In
order to make the robot expert to see things,
Figure 9.Hurdle Detection
Hurdle Detection
Hurdle detection is one of the common tasks that have
been done through image processing, by identifying
different type of objects in the image and then
calculating the distance between robot and hurdles.6
Pattern Recognition
Machine learning approach is used in pattern
recognition along with this it involves the study of
processing image. Image processing is used to identify
the various objects in images and then machine learning
approach is used for training the system. Pattern
recognition is used in computer aided diagnosis,
recognition of handwriting, recognition of images etc.
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Figure 8.De-noising by Using Median Filter
identification of things, recognizing hurdles etc. Much
work has been contributed by this field and a complete
other field of computer vision has been introduced to
work on it.
Conclusion
Digital and analog image processing are two methods of
processing image. Pre-processing, Enhancement and
feature extraction are three basics steps include to
process or improve the image.
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