3G vs 4G Power consumption

Posted on April 19, 2017 by telecomnewsrf

This is not a straightforward question to answer. The fact is, it depends on lots of things:

Frequency: GSM used 900/1800MHz, 3G used (generally) 2.1GHz, LTE was supposed to use 2.6GHz but
the most popular band is 1800MHz. The lower the frequency, better the coverage means less power
consumption.

Coverage: If you have a perfect 3G coverage as opposed to poor 4G than 3G would perform far better
than 4G and vice versa.

If you live between cell edges or where a coverage of 3G/4G ends then handovers will kill your battery.

4G generally means faster data rates and as a result users tend to consume more data, this could lead to
battery draining much more.

The LTE radio states drain slightly more power than their counterparts in 3G, b

The LTE radio states drain slightly more power than their counterparts in 3G, because the tail states
(Short DRX and Long DRX) stay at the higher base power, while much of the 3G tail is in the FACH state
which uses half power.

The following figure shows the ARO Diagnostics Chart with the LTE device profile selected.

Figure 3: The ARO Diagnostics Chart showing how the LTE state machine affects the trace data.

The next figure shows the same data in the ARO Diagnostics Chart with the Samsung Infuse 3G device
profile selected.

Figure 4: The ARO Diagnostics Chart showing how the 3G state machine affects the trace.

Compare the “RRC States” row in both charts. In this row, the crosshatched sections represent the tail
states (Short DRX and Long DRX in LTE and CELL_FACH in 3G). Notice how much more time the radio
spent in these states in the LTE chart compared with the 3G chart. Remember that these tail states use
high power in LTE, but low power in 3G.

Remember: the IC/chip technology is improving, batteries are becoming better, 4G coverage is
improving, technology is maturing, networks are getting optimized, etc. All this will lead to your 4G
devices performing much better than 3G soon. The difference will not be noticeable anymore.

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The SON (Self-Organizing Networks)

Posted on April 25, 2017 by telecomnewsrf

SON (Self-Organizing Network) technology minimizes the lifecycle cost of running a mobile network by
eliminating manual configuration of equipment at the time of deployment, right through to dynamically
optimizing performance and troubleshooting during operation. This can significantly reduce the cost of
the operator’s services, improving the OpEx to revenue ratio.

Amid growing demands for mobile broadband connectivity, mobile operators are keen to capitalize on
SON to minimize rollout delays and operational expenditures associated with their ongoing LTE and
small cell deployments.

Originally targeted for the RAN (Radio Access Network) segment of mobile networks, SON technology is
now also utilized in the mobile core and transport network segments. In addition, Wi-Fi access point
OEMs are beginning to integrate SON features such as plug-and-play deployment, autonomous
performance optimization, self-healing and proactive defense against unauthorized access.

Despite challenges relating to implementation complexities and multi-vendor interoperability, SON

revenue is expected to grow to more than $5 Billion by the end of 2020, exceeding conventional mobile
network optimization revenue by a significant margin. Furthermore, the SON ecosystem is increasingly
witnessing convergence with other technological innovations such as Big Data, predictive analytics and
DPI (Deep Packet Inspection).
The “SON (Self-Organizing Networks) Ecosystem: 2016 – 2030 – Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies &
Forecasts” report presents an in-depth assessment of the SON and associated mobile network
optimization ecosystem including key market drivers, challenges, OpEx and CapEx savings potential, use
cases, SON deployment case studies, future roadmap, value chain, vendor analysis and strategies. The
report also presents revenue forecasts for both SON and conventional mobile network optimization,
along with individual projections for 10 SON submarkets, 6 regions and 15 countries from 2016 through
to 2030.

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5G network architecture

Posted on April 25, 2017 by telecomnewsrf

The 5G network architecture consists of all RANs, aggregator, IP network,nano core etc. The 5G protocol
stack consists of Open Wireless Architecture, lower and upper network layer, open transport protocol
and application layer. These have been explained below with the figures.

5G network architecture

5G network architecture

Figure-1 depicts 5G network architecture. As shown 5G network uses flat IP concept so that different
RANs (Radio Access Networks) can use the same single Nanocore for communication. RANs supported
by 5G architecture are GSM, GPRS/EDGE, UMTS, LTE, LTE-advanced, WiMAX, WiFi, CDMA2000, EV-DO,
CDMA One, IS-95 etc.

Flat IP architecture identify devices using symbolic names unlike hierarchical architecture where in
normal IP addresses are used. This architecture reduces number of network elements in data path and
hence reduces cost to greater extent. It also minimizes latency.

5G aggregator aggregates all the RAN traffics and route it to gateway. 5G aggregator is located at
BSC/RNC place. 5G mobile terminal houses different radio interfaces for each RAT in order to provide
support for all the spectrum access and wireless technologies.

Another component in the 5G network architecture is 5G nano core. It consists of nanotechnology,

cloud computing, All IP architecture.

Cloud computing utilizes internet as well as central remote servers to maintain data and applications of
the users. It allows consumers to use applications without any installation and access their files from any
computer across the globe with the use of internet.

Global content service providers support following applications:

• Search engine• education• public portal• private portal• government• medical• transportation•
banking etc.

5G Protocol Stack

5G protocol stack

The figure-2 below depicts 5G protocol stack mentioning 5G protocol layers mapped with OSI stack. As
whown 5G protocol stack consists of OWA layer, network layer, Open transport layer and application
layer.

OWA Layer: OWA layer is the short form of Open Wireless Architecture layer. It functions as physical
layer and data link layer of OSI stack.

Network Layer: It is used to route data from source IP device to the destination IP device/system. It is
divided into lower and upper network layers.

Open Transport Layer: It combines functionality of both transport layer and session layer.

Application Layer: It marks the data as per proper format required. It also does encryption and
decryption of the data. It selects the best wireless connection for given service.

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Wi-tribe & Huawei collaborate to deliver advanced 4.5G LTE network in Pakistan

Posted on April 25, 2017 by telecomnewsrf

Wi-tribe has announced a $15 million contract and strategic partnership with Huawei of China for
advanced upgradation of LTE.

This contract is a part of $50 million investment program of wi-tribe. ProPakistani reported that the
upgraded version of LTE is also billed as 4.5G and that wi-tribe has already signed Huawei to deploy it in
at least five cities. It will be capable of delivering speeds of up to 100Mbps per household within the
next few months which will be raised to 200Mbps per household by the end of 2018 and 400Mbps by
2019.

Joint Statement from Hasan Bokhari HB Group Chairman and Owner of wi-tribe & Shahid Malik
Chairman of the wi-tribe Advisory Board states,

“We are excited to formally announce that after taking a number of key strategic initiatives in recent
months such as the $multi-million spectrum upgrade in August, we have now agreed a $15 million
contract and long term strategic partnership with Huawei of China. This investment and partnership will
secure Wi-tribe’s futu