12.

4 Synchronous or Phase-Sensitive Detector

(SD) (PSD)

+1

LPF
Signal A low-pass
B filter

Φ
–1

Switch control
Reference

Figure 12.29 Phase-sensitive detector: principles of operation

Signal
2VS
Сигнал

0
t

V Reference

+ + +
Опорный
сигнал

- - t

Switch output
2VS Output from low-pass filter выход с ФНЧ
Выход с
ключа

0
t
Идеальная синхронизация  0 0

An ideal synchro Φ=00

Figure 12.30 Waveforms in a phase-sensitive detector operating with an in-phase sine

wave signal
 Phase-sensitivity and Output-polarity of the SD

V V V
V

0 0 0
Signal

Сигнал
Сигнал
0
Сигнал

t t t
t

V V V

+ + + + + +
Reference

Опорный
0

сигнал
0
Опорный
0

сигнал
Опорный

0
сигнал

- - - t
- - - t
- - t

V V
V

0
Switch output

Выход с
ключа
0
Выход с
ключа

0
Выход с
ключа

t t
t среднее
значение
среднее
значение
среднее
значение

Average value, V0

(а) (b) (c)

Figure 12.31 Waveforms in a phase-sensitive detector for different phase conditions:

(а) θ=180˚; (b) θ=90˚; (с) arbitrary phase;

V0=k*Vi*cos θ

Φs-Φr=0 Φs-Φr=180

t
t

θ=0˚, cos θ=+1 θ=180˚, cos θ=-1 ˚

Φs - Φr = 90˚ Φs - Φr = 270˚

θ=90˚, cos θ=0 --- θ=270˚, cos θ=0

 Characteristics of the SD (phase-sensitive detector)

time const. τс
Output
Signal input Low-
pass
filter

(υR at fR )
Inverting
Amplifier
Reference input

Signal input and reference input related and in step (in-phase)

Напр

Signal input
0

Reference input

Output of p.s.d.

No synchro 0
output of filter
cos90=0
time

P.s.d. characteristic
Output
bandwidth 1 / π·τс
cos θ
50Hz
180
0

90 270 θ fr
frequency
noise
power per unit bandwidth
cosine phase-sensitivity
Phase-sensitive detector’s output
versus phase difference between inputs θ
sinusoidal input square wave input