8. The concentration of sulfur dioxide is 8,800 μg/scm.

Convert this value to a) ppmv and b)

μg/acm at T=10oC and 1.085 bar.

a) Equation 2.18 allows conversion between these sets of units

0.02445  g .02445 g
Xppmv  *  (8,800 )  3.36 ppmv
MW scm 64 scm
b) Equation 2.16 converts between standard and actual conditions

g  g  1scm Actual Temperature (K) 1atm 

 8,800
scm 1acm Actual Pressure (atm) 
X * * *
acm 298K
 
 g  10  273 K 1atm  g
 8,800 * *   7,800
scm  298K 0.987atm acm
1.085bar * 
 1bar 

10. 1.3 m3/min of a gas is emitted from a process at T=20 oC and 0.965 atm. Calculate the mass
flow rate of nitrogen dioxide if the gas stream contains 2 ppmv NO2.

To solve we will need to know the mass (or moles) of 1 m3 of gas:

PV  0.965atm  1m3 
n   40.14mol
RT  5 m atm 
3

 8.2057 x10   293K 

 mol K 

m3 2m3 NO 2 40.14molNO 2 46 g g
1.3 * 6 3 * 3
*  0.0048 NO 2
min 10 m gas 1m NO 2 molNO 2 min

11. A scrubber separator is used to remove sulfur dioxide (SO2) from a gas stream. A 0.5 m3/sec
inlet stream (350 K, 1 atm) contains 1.2 ppmv SO2. Find the required removal efficiency if the
cleaned outlet stream must contain no more than 240 µg/scm.

Solution requires converting the units of the gas stream into the units of the required removal
[µg/scm] so use equation 2.18 and ignore the actual T and P conditions. The ppmv concentration
is independent of the conditions. Finally, apply the removal efficiency equation:

Note – MW SO2 = 64 g/g-mol

 1.2 ppmv  g 
 g ppmv * MW * P  64  1atm  106  g g
 mol 
6
10
X   *  2, 675 is incorrect (it
acm R *T  5 m atm 
3
g acm
 8.2057 x10   350 K 
 mol K 
is actual conditions).
 g 
1.2 ppmv  64 
 g ppmv * MW  mol  g
X    3,140 is correct – it uses standard conditions.
scm 0.02445 0.02445 scm

g g
3140  240
MC MC scm scm *100%  92.4%
  in C out 
M in g
3140
scm

14. A diluent gas is added to the feed of a blower to reduce the concentration of solids in the
blended stream. The diluent contains no solids. The feed stream flows at 100 acf/sec (100 oF, 1
atm) and contains 0.5 wt% solids. The blended stream must never exceed 0.08% solids. What
should the diluent flow be? If you need more information – state what is needed and then assume
a reasonable value. Clearly justify your assumptions.

We must assume something about the additivity of the volumes (which in general are not
additive). We will assume ideal gases, which allows the volumes to be additive. Students should
provide some justification for this assumption.

To reduce the 0.5 wt% to 0.08 wt%, the diluent must dilute the stream by 0.5/.08 = 6.25 fold.
Therefore the diluent must add at least 525 acf/sec.

17. Determine the concentrations (in mole fraction) of all species in the exhaust from the
complete combustion of propane (C3H8). Assume 50% excess air (79 mol% N2, 21 mol% O2) is
the source for the oxygen.

The reaction is: C3H8 + 5O2  3CO2 + 4H2O with N2 carried along as an inert

We will assume a basis of 1 mol of propane as a calculation basis, and that the fuel undergoes
complete combustion:

First note that 1 mol of fuel requires 5 mol of O2, but that the O2 is added with 50% excess, so
7.5 moles of O2 are actually added. This amount of O2 can be obtained from 7.5/0.21 moles of
air, which contains 79% N2 (28.2 moles)
Inlet mol Outlet mol mol fraction %
Fuel 1 Fuel 0 0
O2 7.5 O2 2.5 6.6
N2 28.2 N2 28.2 74.8
CO2 3 8.0
H2O 4 10.6