INSRTMENT LANDING SYSTEM (ILS)

QUESTION PAPER

OBJECTIVE AND DESCRIPTIVE

TOAL MARKS –100

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. The frequency band of the localizer operation is

a) 112 Mhz to 118 Mhz
b) 108 Mhz to 112 Mhz
c) 324 Mhz to 335 Mhz
d) 130 Mhz to 150 Mhz
2. The localizer aerial is located at
a) about 1200 ft from threshold
b) about 500 ft from ILS reference point
c) about 1200 ft from stop end of the runway
d) about 200 ft away from the glide path
3. Normally the height of the localizer aerial above ground is
a) λ/2 b) λ c) 0.75 λ d) 2λ
4. If the side band power is increased. Keeping the carrier with side band signal
constant the course width of localizer will
a) Increase b) decrease c) remain the same
5. An approaching aircraft receiver demodulates localiser radiates and measure
150 Hz tone more than 90 Hz tone . The aircraft is located :
a) left of the runway centerline
b) right of the runway centerline
c) below glide path
d) above the glide path
6. If the dipole pair (2.25λ) is fed in R.F. anti phase there will be
a) Two lobe per quadrant
b) 2.25 lobe per quadrant
c) 4.5 lobe per quadrant
d) One lobe per quadrant
7. If a dipole pair (0.75λ ) is fed in R.F. phase there will be
a) one lobe per quadrant
b) 0.5 lobe per quadrant
c) 0.75 lobe per quadrant
d) Two lobes per quadrant
8. If aerial in mounted λ above ground, the number of lobes above the ground
will be
a) 1 b) 2 c) 0.5 d) 2.5
9. If amplitude of carrier, lower side band and upper side band are 10,5,5 units
respectively , the depth of modulation is
a) 50 % b) 100 % c) 15.5 % d) 40 %
10. The depth of modulation by each navigation tone in localizer system is
a) 10% b) 20 % c) 15.5 % d) 40%
11. Localizer flag in airborne display is affected by
a) DDM b) Mod Sum c) R.F. Strength d) None of the above
12. if an aircraft is located outside localiser course sector , the pilot will observe
a) one dot fly left indication
 b) Two dot fly right indication
c) Full five dot deflection
d) On course indication
13. At half sector width angle of localiser the value of the DDM is adjusted to
a) 17.5% b) 15.5% c) 40% d) 80%
14. The coverage specification of localizer within ± 10 degrees is
a) 17 NM b) 25 NM c) 20 NM d) 75 NM
15. The course alignment accuracy specification of cat-II localizer at ILS
reference datum is
a)± 35 ft b) ±10 ft c) ±25 ft d) ±5 ft
16. Station identification signal is radiated from
a) Glide path
b) Markers
c) Localizer
d) None of the above
17. ILS system uses
a) Circular polarization
b) Vertical polarization
c) Horizontal polarization
d) Elliptical polarization
18. A vertically polarized electromagnetic wave has
a) Vertical H vector
b) Vertical E vector
c) Vertical direction of propagation vector
d) None of the above
19. 15.5% DDM of localizer radiation will produce
a) 175 microampere current in airborne display
b) 150 microampere current in airborne display
c) 100 microampere current in airborne display
d) 15.5 microampere current in airborne display
20. Voice signal can be radiated on
a) Localizer radiation
b) Glide path radiation
c) Markers radiation
d) DME radiation
21. Glide angle is normally adjusted within
a) 3 to 5 degrees
b) 2 to 4 degrees
c) 5 to 8 degrees
d) 0 to 2 degrees
22. For glide path system having θ glide angle, 17.5 % DDM is adjusted at
a. 0.12 θ above and below glide path
b. 0.24 θ above and below glide path
c. 0.48 θ above and below glide path
d. At glide path
23. In glide path system the depth of modulation by each navigation tone is
 a) 20% b) 17.5 % c) 40% d) 15.5%

24. For null reference glide path having three degrees as glide path angle , the height
of upper and lower aerials are
a) 7.5λ and 15 λ respectively
b) 2λ and 4 λ respectively
c) 1λ and 2 λ respectively
d) 5λ and 10λ respectively
25. The height of the upper most aerial of side band reference glide path having three
degrees glide angle is
a) 5 λ b) 15 λ c) 7.5 λ d) 10 λ
26. To minimize the effect from uneven ground reflection the most suitable glide path
system is
a) null reference
b) M-array
c) Sideband reference
d) None of the above
27. The ground measurement at 180 degrees phase point will give
a) 90 Hz predominant below glide angle
b) 150 Hz predominant below glide angle
c) 1020 Hz predominant below glide angle
d) 50 Hz predominant below glide angle
28. The ground measurements are taken at 180 degrees phase point because
a) There is no other place for ground measurement
b) It give correct tone predominance
c) The displacement sensitivity is same as distant field
d) The modsum is correct at this place.
29. A glide path system has ILS reference datum at 60 feet above ground. If DDM
measurement is carried out at threshold, zero DDM will be obtained at height of
a) 30 ft b) 50 ft c) 200 ft d) 60 ft
30. In a glide path system, height of ILS reference datum is 55 feet and glide angle is
three degrees. The back set distance of glide path aerial from threshold will be
a) 1000 ft
b) 1500ft
c) 1200ft
d) 1100ft
31. The localiser transmits identification tones of
a) 1020 Hz
b) 400 Hz
c) 1300 Hz
d) none
32. In glide path system , the value of the modsum is adjusted to
a) 40% b) 60% c) 80% d) 20%
33. The side band signal is removed from localiser radiation you will get
a) Zero modsum at all the azimuth
 b) Zero DDM at all the azimuth angle
c) Zero RF strength at all azimuth angle
34. Runway length is increased by 500 ft towards runway threshold. The localizer
parameter which requires readjustment is
a) Carrier power output
b) Depth of modulation of navigation tones
c) SBO power
d) None of the above
35. Monitors of the localizer system shows alarm conditions . The field measurement
confirms correct radiation. The possible location of fault is in
a) Aerial system of localizer
b) Carrier generation unit
c) Side band generation unit
d) Monitoring system.
36. IN null reference glide path system (glide angle θ) unflyable false glide path
exists at
a) 2θ b) 4θ c) 3θ d) θ/2
37.IN clearance region of localizer radiation
a) DDM varies linearly from 0 to 18%
b) DDM remain greater than 15.5%
c) Modsum is less than 40%
d) DDM remain less than 15.5%
37. Foreground requirement for beam forming is minimum in
a) Null reference glide path system
b) Sideband reference glide path
c) M-array glide path
38. The number of lobes of sideband used in null reference glide path is
a) 4 b) 2 c) 3 d) 1
39. The number of lobes in vertical planes used by localizer system is
a) 2 b) 3 c) 1 d) 4
40. The figure given below represent a AM signal

The depth of modulation is

a) 50%
b) 20%
c) 66.66%
d) 75%
41.The figure represents

a) AM signal
b) FM signal
c) DSB signal
d) SSB signal

42.

The side band vectors are crossing each other in line AB . The sideband phase with
respect to carrier is
a) in phase
b) 150 degrees out of phase
c) 90 degrees out of phase
d) 45 degrees out of phase

43. After installation of localizer phasing of CSB and SBO signal are carried out , field
Measurement shows correct displacement sensitivity but tone predominance is reversed
i.e. 90 Hz > 150 Hz at right side of the runway while approaching, the possible reason for
this is
a) High VSWR of aerial system
b) Less power out of carrier
c) Less power of CSB signal
d) CSB cable is 180 degrees too long
44. A category –II ILS approach may be made if
a) All ground equipment meets Cat-II requirements
b) The aircraft meets Cat-II requirements
c) The pilot meet Cat-II requirements
d) All the above requirements are met.
45. IF the vertical cross pointer indicator is to the right of center the pilot should
a) Continue his descend
b) Turn right
c) Turn left
46. The distance of outer marker from runway threshold is normally
a) 1500 ft
b) 4NM
c) 2.5 NM
d) 3.9 NM
47. The modulation frequency of the middle marker is
a) 3000 Hz
b) 400Hz
c) 1300 Hz
d) 1000Hz
48. The identification signal of outer marker is
a) 2 dots per second
b) 1 dash and 1 dot
c) 2 dash per second
d) 6 dots per second
49. The Localizer dipole is mounted on aerial structure with a support of λ /4 in length .
This is done to
a) Match the aerials with feeder cable
b) Present ground at dipole input
c) Present open circuit between aerial structure and dipole
d) Radiates RF signal properly
50. Maximum depth of modulation is produced if carrier is combined with suppressed
DSB signal
a) 90 degree out of phase
b) 45 degree out of phase
c) in phase
d) 270 degrees out of phase
51. White light indication in airborne equipment is provided by
a) Outer marker
b) Middle k marker
c) Inner marker
d) DME
52. Amber light indication in airborne equipment is provided by
a) Outer marker
b) Middle Marker
c) Inner Marker
53. If SBO signal is absent in the radiated field

a) Flag alarm will appear

b) Zero DDM will appear every where
c) Range will reduce
d) Zero DDM will not be any where
54. Decrease in transmitter power
a) Will reduce the range
b) Will effect the course line
c) Will effect the clearance DDM
d) Will shift the eight degree point beyond ten degrees
55. If number of dipole is increased
a) The range will increased
b) The azimuth coverage will increased
c) Clearance signal will improve
d) Course width will be reduced.
56. In localizer on the centerline of the runway we have maximum of
a) Course SBO
b) Clearance CSB
c) Course CSB
d) Clearance SBO
57. Minimum azimuthal coverage for localizer as per the ICAO requirements is
a) ± 35 degrees
b) ± 42 degrees
 c) ± 45 degrees
d) ± 60 degrees
58. IN two frequency localiser system the minimum difference in the frequencies is kept
at
a) Above 10KHz
b) Above 25KHz
c) Above 5 KHz
d) Above 15 KHz
59. In quadrature phase clearance
a) Both RF and AF are in phase quadrature
b) AF in phase but RF I phase quadrature
c) RF in phase but AF in phase quadrature
d) None of the above
60. In localizer clearance signal is provided
a) To make displacement sensitivity linear
b) Only to suppress the sideband in CSB
c) To straighten the course line
d) To extend the azimuthal coverage up to the required limits
61. Localizer cannot be given for
a) If its voice transmission is not working
b) If glide path is not working
c) If marker is not working
d) If clearance transmission is not working.
62.An M-array should be provided
a) If there is down trend slope in the front
b) If there is minor obstruction in the front distance of about 5000
ft
c) The reflecting terrain in front of the antenna is short
d) None of the above.
63. Glide path aerial normally can be located
a) At 1000 ft away from the central line
b) At 450 feet away from the central line
c) At 150 feet away from the central line
d) None of the above.
65.In null reference glide slope decrease in the height of the lower aerial
a) Decrease the angle
b) Increase the angle
c) Will not affect the angle
d) Will change the modsum at glide angle
66. Predominance of 90 Hz modulations in aircraft receiver for GP will indicate
a) Fly down
b) Fly up
c) Fly left
d) Fly right
67. Increase in height where zero DDM is obtained ., at 160 degree monitoring position
indicates
 a) No change in glide angle
b) Increase in the glide angle
c) Increase in the sector width
d) None of the above
68. In M-array in glide path, the CSB signal is fed to
a) Lowest antenna
b) Lower and middle antenna
c) Upper and middle antenna
d) All the above
69. RF cable lengths from ADU to three aerials in M-array
a) Vary with the heights of the antenna
b) All should be of same length
c) Neither (a) or (b)
70. In field measurement at 540 degrees point for null reference glide path will reveal
a) Same at threshold
b) Infinite sector width
c) No glide angle
d) Reverse sensing
71. Identity keying for DME collocated with glide path is provided by
a) Glide path
b) Independently
c) Localizer
72.When reciprocal ILS is provided for same runway
a) Frequencies of operation of glide path should be same
b) Should be different
c) No restriction
d) None of the above
73. Field measurement for wide aperture (24 dipoles) localizer should be taken at a
distance more than
a) 10 times the aperture
b) 15 times the aperture
c) 20 times the aperture
d) 25 times the aperture
74. In integral monitoring
a) Reduction in SBO level is not reflected
b) Deviation in course with is not reflected
c) Deviation in course line is not reflected
d) Variation in the refelecting terrain is not reflected
75. In localiser if course width is correct but the DDM at eight degrees falls below 18%
indicates
a) CL / SBO level is low
b) CL /CSB pashing is incorrect
c) CR / SBO level is low
d) CL /SBO phasing is incorrect.
76. Specific gravity of the fully charged lead acid batteary in ILS system should be
a) 1.323
 b) 1.210
c) 1.145
d) 1.100
77.The specific gravity is measured by
a) Hydro meter
b) Decca meter
c) Lacto meter
d) Aqua meter
78.The glide path adjustment of modulation balance control will
a) Vary the modulation level
b) Vary the sector width
c) Vary the course structure
d) Vary the angle
79. In localizer varying the modulation balance control will affect
a) Course line
b) Course width
c) Modulation sum
d) Coverage
80. Increase of SBO will
a) Increase the course width
b) Decrease the course width
c) Increase the modulation level
d) Decrease the modulation level
81. Insertion of the λ/4 length in the CSB cable will result into
a) Decrease in the modulation %
b) Increase in the modulation %
c) No zero DDM anywhere in the far field
d) No zero DDM everywhere in the far field
82. Interchanging of CSB and SBO cables in glide path will
a) Not affect the glide path but will affect the sensing
b) Will change the glide path angle to 2θ but flag alarm will appear in
the aircraft
c) Will keep angle at θ but flage alarm will appear
d) None of the above
83. The phase difference between 90 Hz and 150 Hz lines in the mechanical modulator
can be adjusted by
a) Physically adjusting the relative mounting positions of 90 Hz and
150 Hz blades
b) By trimming the RF cables feeding 90 Hz and 150 Hz modulations
c) By alignment of AF bridges
d) By varying the RF feeds to mechanical modulator
84. IN the log periodic dipole antenna for localiser the desired front to back gain ratio
should be
a) Nearly 14 dB
b) Nearly 28 dB
c) Nearly 35 dB
 d) Nearly 42 dB
85. In the RF bridges one of the arms is
a) 90 degrees longer than other
b) 135 degrees longer than others
c) 90 degrees shorter than other
d) 180 degrres longer than other.
86. Strip lines are used for
a) Effectively reducing the cable length
b) For preventing the RF dissipation
c) To make RF bridge and circuits using printed circuit Technique
d) To reduce the attenuation
87. Modulation tones of 90 and 150 Hz for Cat-I shall be within
a) ±2.5 % b) ±2.0% c) ±1.5 % d) ±1.0 %
88. For facilityperformence Cat _I , between ILS point A to ILS oint B The LLZ bends in
the course lines shall not have the amplitude exceeding
a) 0.031
b) 0.015
c) 0.031 at ILS point A decreasing at a liner rate to 0.015 at ILS point B
89. Frequency tolerance incase of two frequency localiser is
a) 0.005% b) 0.002% c) !0 Khz d) 14 KHz

90.Within ±10 degrees sector of localizer The DDM shall increase

a) Linearly up to 10 degrees
b) Linearly up to 15.5 % and shall not fall below 15.5 % up to 10 degrees
c) Linearly up to 18.0 % and shall not fall below 18.0 % up to 10 degrees
d) Linearly up to 18.0 % and shall not fall below 15.5 % up to 10 degrees
91.Displacement sensitivity is
a) Directly proportional to localizer course width
b) Inversely proportional to the localizer course width
c) Not having any relation to the course width
92. In glide path modsum shall not deviate outside limit of
a) 78% to 82%
b) 75% to 85%
c) 76% to 84%
d) 77% to 83%
93.DDM below ILS glide path shall
a) Increase smoothly up to 17.5% and shall not fall below 17.5 % up to 0.45θ
b) Increase linearly to 17.5% up to 0.45θ and shall not fall below 17.5 % up to
0.3θ
c) Increase linearly to 22.0% up to 0.45θ and shall not fall below 22.0 % up to
0.3θ
d) Increase linearly up to 22.0% and shall not fall below 22.0 % up to 0.3θ
94. For cat-I ILS glide path angular displacement sensitivity shall be adjusted and
maintained within
a) ± 25% of nominal value selected
b) ± 20% of nominal value selected
 c) ± 17% of nominal value selected
d) ± 10% of nominal value selected
95. For cat-I ILS localizer angular displacement sensitivity shall be adjusted and
maintained within
e) ± 25% of nominal value selected
f) ± 20% of nominal value selected
g) ± 17% of nominal value selected
h) ± 10% of nominal value selected
96. Height of ILS reference datum for Cat-I performance is
a) 50 ft ± 10 feet
b) 50 feet + 10 feet
c) 50 feet- 10 feet
d) none of the above.

DESCRIPIVE QUESTION
Q –1: The coverage of localizer within ± 10 degrees is 25 Nm where as within ±
35 degrees is 17 Nm. What do you think could be reason for not having a
uniform coverage of either 25 Nm or 17 Nm all through.
Q-2: The localizer coverage is 25 Nm within ± 10 degrees whereas glide path
Coverage is 10 Nm . What do you think could be the reason for less coverage?
in glide path.
Q-3: Assume that ICAO has received a request that modulating tones of 90 Hz and 150
Hz in case of ILS be changed to either I) 90 Hz and 180 Hz respectively, ii) 150 Hz and
300 Hz respectively. Comment on the above request.
Q-4: In the standard ILS configuration , if the Course Width of ILS is four degrees .
Calculate the length of runways assuming that threshold is the same as the start end of the
runways.

Q-5: If the length of runway at an airport is 5000feet

i) In standard ILS configuration calculate the course width of the localizer
ii) Do you think course width so obtained is not too wide.
iii) If above answer is negative, what in your opinion, should be done to
reduce the course width to acceptable value.
Q-6 In the debriefing report filed by pilot, it is stated that the center line of the localizer is
directing the aircraft to the left by the quarter dot . What action would you take in case
ILS at your airport is a) Cat-I b) Cat-II ?
Q-7: It is possible to collocated the DME with Localizer instead of collocated with glide
path substantiate your Answer.

Q-8: In case of unservicebility of localizer, the glide path is also withdrawn from service
why?
Q-9 : Assuming glide path angle is 3.5 degree , calculate the following
i) Glide angle tolerance
ii) Nominal value range of UHSW and LHSW and related tolerances.
iii) Monitoring criteria for above.
Q-10 AAI has decided to install an ILS for runway 09 approach at an Airport. Length of
runway is 10,000 feet. Area for 09 approach is free from obstruction and ground is even .
landing threshold is displaced by 1000feets from the beginning of the runway at both
ends . glide angle is three degrees. Draw positions of localiser and glide path antennas ,
out marker and middle marker with relevant distances.