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Table of contents:
Chapter 0: Introduction
Site formation is an essential in every construction project. Million problems could be avoided with an accurate
site formation model. Learn how to use feature lines and grading objects to create site formation models in 2
hours, for generating accurate cut/fill estimation.
We shall review the basic concept of Civil 3D Surface, feature lines, grading objects and Earthwork volumes. A
practical hands-on example will guide through the entire workshop for user to
• Data shortcut
• Create Feature lines
• Editing feature lines
• Grading criteria sets
• Dynamic Grading Analysis
• Grading and surfaces
• Volume Analysis
Autodesk Civil 3D 2008 is still the only civil engineering tool that creates intelligent relationships between
objects so design changes are dynamically reflected. Data is entered once and the software makes changes
automatically accordingly to your preset design rules and criteria. The enhanced 3D interaction makes it easy
to explore and visualize what-if scenarios and to correct errors on-the-fly.
A Quick Review
Civil 3D 2008 is built on AutoCAD 2008, together with full functions of MAP3D 2008, Autodesk Survey,
Autodesk VIZ rendering engine and Vault. If you have used AutoCAD, you will immediately be comfortable
with the look and menu configuration. Civil 3D 2008 menu are now much user friendly. The following diagram
summarizes the main interfaces features of Civil 3D:-
1. Toolspace
• Prospector Tab
Like a file directory tree that
allows you to “dig into” your
drawing design data and execute
commands through a number of
right-click menus. It also includes 2
a graphical preview and tabular
listing area 1
• Setting Tab
The Setting tab allows the user to
control all of the settings of the
current drawing including all styles
for the different design objects
and labels. It is expandable like a 3
file directory tree and has a
number of right-click commands
available.
• Survey Tab
The Survey Tab allows the user to
access and manage survey
settings, survey-related databases,
and survey project data 4
2. Civil 3D pull-down Menus Overview of Civil 3D 2008 Interface
3. Tooltips
Civil 3D tooltips interactively retrieve
and display the cursor information
with respected to all Civil 3D objects
from the drawing database
4. Command box
The command box allow user to enter
command as that in AutoCAD
Model-based Design
Instead of points and lines, Civil 3D create individual objects which connected to be a complete engineering
model. The model based design will allow user to create models with its specific properties and behavior,
which will be stored in the “database”.
When different objects are used and link together, the design becomes very dynamic. Objects are
interconnected in a hierarchy that defines how a change impacts one another.
It is very important to understand the interconnection relationship of Civil 3D objects. The below figures
summarized how each objects is linked together.
Data shortcut is similar to the Xreference of AutoCAD. Xreference command underlay the drawing as
background, but does not allow direct interaction of Civil 3D objects among drawings. Data shortcut is
required for Civil 3D to share the physical surface data to another drawing.
With proper planning, Civil 3D users can shared the raw data to different departments, while each
department keeps the original data. Civil 3D will automatic notify all users once a data shortcut is updated
and/or edited. These keep the design data in sync, among all departments.
Civil 3D included the Vault data management system, which is a RDBMS system that further manage data
shortcuts with version control system. We are not going to disucss Vault in this session, but I am happy to
share more experience with you after this workshop
A Data shortcut for the initial surface is created. Any drawings could “read” the terrain model but
importing this XML file.
The initial surface object will be loaded up in the Design.dwg. Through data shortcut, users can quickly
reference Civil 3D objects.
Feature Line
Feature Lines are fundamental elements of grading models. It has much more creation and editing capabilities
than AutoCAD 3D polyline, as it comprise of line and arc segments with each vertex location defined by XYZ
coordinate. Hence, feature lines could be use to shape any components of a 3D site model.
Feature lines could be created and edited from the “Grading” pull down menu, while it will be much easier for
new users to learn through the Icons bar. The feature line icon bar is available by default in Civil 3D 2008, on
the right hand side of the screen.
Feature line tools bar is used to convert, create and edit the geometry and elevation of the feature lines.
Creating Tools
Draw Feature Lines tool draws straight and curved feature line segments. This command has options
you can use to specify the elevations of the feature line, including an option to retrieve the elevations
from a surface.
Convert Feature line from Object tool converts existing 2D or 3D polylines, lines, or arcs to feature
lines. You can select objects in the current drawing or from an Xref.
Editing Tools
Add feature line label tool to add single or multiple labels to lines and curves base on styles.
Quick profile tool to view surface elevation data either along an object or along a surface between
two points. Quick profiles are only created temporarily and are removed when you save or close the
document or exit AutoCAD Civil 3D. To create a profile that you can use again, you must create an
alignment at the location of interest and use it to create a standard profile.
Elevation Editor Dialog displays a dialog table for users to edit feature lines in tabular format. Tools
also provided in the dialog box to raise or lower the feature lines or part of the feature line at
particular values.
Quick Elevation edit tool assigns elevations to points along the feature line by direct snap.
Edit elevation tool edit elevations based on design parameters such as slope and elevation, through
command lines
Set grade/slope between points tool makes the entire selected segment in the feature line the
same slope/grade.
Elevation By Reference tool sets the elevation of a point on a feature line, based on a grade, slope
or relative elevation from a reference point.
Insert Elevation Point tool adds an elevation point along a feature line.
Delete Elevation Point tool removes an elevation point along a feature line
Insert High/Low Elevation Point tool inserts an elevation point at the intersection of the grade or
slope between two specified points.
Elevations From Surface tool assigns the elevations of a surface to the geometry points of one or
more feature lines, parcel lines, survey figures, or 3D polylines. Elevations are assigned to each
vertex of the line. The elevations obtained from the surface are not dynamic. If the surface is
subsequently edited, the feature line is not updated.
Geometry Editing
Insert PI tool inserts points of intersection on a feature line. PIs differ from elevation points in that
they break the existing horizontal geometry of the feature line.
Break tool is AutoCAD Civil 3D 2008 new feature. It breaks a feature line into two feature lines, similar
to the AutoCAD Break command.
Trim tool AutoCAD Civil 3D 2008 new feature. It trims feature lines so that they end precisely at
boundary edges defined by other objects
Join command join connecting feature lines, polylines or 3D polylines into one feature line or survey
figure. Tolerance are controlled by the “joinfeatures” command settings under grading
Reverse tool changes the direction of feature lines, mainly used to update labeling and stationing of
feature lines
Advance Tools
Fit Curve tool converts tessellated lines to true arcs. Grading performs much better through true arcs:-
True arc lower the calculation process of the software, as well as minimized problems created by
“interior corners of multiple faces” that deemed to no solutions.
Tolerance of the fit curve options are controlled by the “FitCurveFeature” command settings under
grading
Smooth tool smoothes out feature lines. Straighten option command could be used to restore straight
lines
Weed Vertices tool reduces the number of vertices on a feature line based on its relation to the
vertices or segments around it, according to the specified weeding factors (length, angle and grade).
Effective usage of the tools optimizes the grading results.
Stepped Offset tool offsets a feature line, survey figure, 3D polyline, or polyline in 3-dimension.
A typical process is converting the 2D design berm lines into 3D polylines, which normally take days. Civil 3D
Feature lines functions allow users to complete the task much quickly.
2. Convert the blue lines into feature lines by the 2nd icon in the feature line
toolbar – “CREATE from Objects”
3. Select the line and press “Enter”
6. Repeat the process the convert the feature line till the level mark 56.5
In some case, we do not have a point near the level mark, (e.g.
level mark 60)
At Level Mark 55.5, it is clear that the design intention is match exisiting surface. With Civil 3D 2008, we
may break that part of the feature line and set the elevation based on the initial surface
In real case, user may use the Partial functions, breaking of the
feature line is not necessary
10. Use the Civil 3D 2008 Join Function to join the feature line back
15. Repeat the “Set Grade/slope between points” routine to tie the feature line together and complete
the feature line
The easiest way to create another side will be the “Stepped Offset” function, followed by trimming out
unnecessary lines.
In real life, more editing may required to fine tune the berm level. In this exercise, we shall leave it at the
final product.
Grading objects, managed by grading group maintain dynamic relationships with feature lines and targets.
Grading objects could be converted to surfaces with or without combination of multiple feature lines and other
grading objects. They posses dynamic relationship between feature line and targets, which allow users to carry
out dynamic what-if analysis in minutes.
Grading Criteria
Each criteria carries its own properties based on a target, while the slope projection parameters could be
further defined during the creation process.
Grading Toolbar
Grading Toolbar
Grading creation tools create all grading objects, include transition and in-fill
Grading Volume tools prompt up dialog box for real time analysis of volume quantities
Elevation Editor
Expand Toolbox expand detail toolbox, particular useful to display grading criteria
Create Grading
Note: if you have missed the feature line settings, you may open drawing
grading.dwg to continue this exercise.
In deed, user may type in the new parameters, e.g. Cut Slope grading during the creation process.
Hence, users did not need to specific all criteria at first place.
Once the grading is completed, you may notice new slope formed, which is different than the design. One
may be interest to know about the earthwork quantities in this particular area.
Note: In real example, users are advise to break down the grading into different groups, rather than using the
entire berm line for 3 groups of slope shown in this example
32. Select the “Grading Group” and expose by Press “X” in your command box
33. Press the “Create grading group” Button to create a new group
Note that the “Group” below the Grading Toolbar is now “GroupB”
In some cases, we may want to create change the match fill criteria of this completed grading for some
what-if analysis. To edit the grading criteria:-
Chapter 5: Surfaces
Introduction
A surface is a three dimensional geometric representation of n area of land or in the case of volume surface, is
a difference or composite between two surface area. Surfaces are made up of triangles or grids, which are
created when Autodesk Civil 3D connects the points that make up the surface data.
Primary part of the surface data include grading results, points or contours, supplemented with breaklines and
boundary. Breaklines are constraint lines such as berm and kerb lines and other abrupt changes in the
topography. Boundaries control the visible extents of a surface and can be used to create holes in a surface,
where there are buildings or water bodies. User can create empty surface and then add different type of data,
or can import existing surface data, such as LandXML, TIN or DEM files.
About Surface
A surface is created at the Prospector Tools
1. Expand the “Drawing”
2. Select “Surface”
3. Right click and “New”
The Create Surface Dialog Provide a few options. User should Name the surface and Select a style when
creating a new TIN surface.
Surface Style
Surface Styles are highly customizable for different type of analysis such as slope direction and flat area
analysis. We will not go through in-depth here. Yet, user may edit the predefined template to create your own
analysis Surface Style. The Figure demonstrates different style of the same Civil 3D Surface:-
WaterShed Style
Border and Contour Style
We have to create a surface to calculate the total volume, to Create a new surface:-
If we do not want to expose the grading group for certain reasons, we may also detach the grading group
surfaces and add it into the design DTM.
Note: It is essential to detach the surfaces created by grading or corridor before summing up. This prevents
endless looping caused by the Civil 3D Dynamic routine, which will certainly hangs out the software.
From this point, the design surface is created. User may use the DTM volume tools to calculated the surface
material quantities:-
If you are familiar with Civil 3D, you may try out other tools, like object viewer and rendering. From this
exercise, we convert design drawing from feature lines and grading slope. By binding feature lines and
grading into surfaces, we can start analysis with standard surface operations.
Chapter 7: Conclusion
Thank you for attending this session on the Grading with Civil 3D 2008. Within the limited time of this session,
we have gone through some of the grading functions in Civil 3D 2008:-
• Create Feature lines
• Editing feature lines
• Grading criteria sets
• Dynamic Grading Analysis
• Grading and surfaces
• Volume Analysis
Civil 3D is a powerful application that needs implementation strategies to maximize the usage. Selecting pilot
project to implement the software will be a great way to start. Autodesk Value Added resellers are always
happy to be by your side to implement the changes and provide customized training courses. Planning with us is
the key to success when migrating to new technology.
It is also recommended to attend other workshops and trainings course which will discuss other Civil 3D
technologies in depth:-
• Site formation with Civil 3D May 2007 Autodesk Value Added Reseller
• Certified Course for Autodesk Civil 3D June 2007 Autodesk Authorized Training center
Further Information
Further information regarding Civil 3D could be found on the web and Autodesk resellers:-
• Autodesk Website
http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=123112&id=3566722
• Civil 3D webcast
http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?id=7166051&siteID=123112
• Autodesk Civil 3D Discussion Group
http://discussion.autodesk.com/forum.jspa?forumID=66
• Civil 3D 2007 workshop materials
http://c3d.spatial-technology.net/index.php?s=Design+Academy
• HK Civil 3D BLOG
http://c3d.andychan.info
• Autodesk Value Added Resellers
Spatial Technology Limited http://www.spatial-technology.net
• Autodesk Authorized Training Centers
Welkin Systems Limited http://www.welkin.com.hk/
• Civil 3D 2008 Training Guide
Universal Press (available in June) http://c3d.andychan.info/c3d_book
Content within this document is not intended to be distributed to non-workshop attendee. If you would like an electronic
version of this document and/or 30-days trial version of Civil3D 2008, please email me at achan@spatial-technology.net.