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Experience before its REAL

Experience Before its REAL

Civil 3D 2008 Workshop:


Grading Make Easy

Instructor: Andy Chan – Autodesk Certified Instructor


Mobile : 9192 5922 Email: achan@spatial-technology.net

Eric Tang - Product Specialist, Synnex Technology International(HK) Ltd


Direct line :2753 1717 Email : eric_tang@synnex.com.hk

Lai Chak Hoo – Application Engineer, Nutech Limited


Direct line : 2508 1389 Email : hoo@nutech.hk

Date: 28 May 2007 (07:00pm-10:00pm)


2 June 2007 (02:30pm-05:30pm)
5 June 2007 (07:00pm-10:00pm )
Venue: Synnex Technology Internation (HK) Ltd – Training Room

Data Files: C:\C3D2\

Autodesk Far East Ltd.


th
Suite 1405, 14 Floor, Great Eagle Centre,
23, Harbour Road, Wanchai,
Hong Kong

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Table of contents:

Chapter 0: Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 3

Chapter 1: Review of AutoCAD Civil 3D..................................................................................................... 4

Chapter 2: Data Shortcuts.......................................................................................................................... 6

Chapter 2: Feature Line.............................................................................................................................. 9

Chapter 3: Grading Basic.......................................................................................................................... 16

Chapter 4: Updates in Surface ................................................................................................................. 19

Chapter 5: Updates in Alignment and profile...............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Chapter 6: Updates in Earthwork and Sections ............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Chapter 7: Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 30

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Chapter 0: Introduction
Site formation is an essential in every construction project. Million problems could be avoided with an accurate
site formation model. Learn how to use feature lines and grading objects to create site formation models in 2
hours, for generating accurate cut/fill estimation.

We shall review the basic concept of Civil 3D Surface, feature lines, grading objects and Earthwork volumes. A
practical hands-on example will guide through the entire workshop for user to

• Data shortcut
• Create Feature lines
• Editing feature lines
• Grading criteria sets
• Dynamic Grading Analysis
• Grading and surfaces
• Volume Analysis

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Chapter 1: Review of AutoCAD Civil 3D


Introduction

Autodesk Civil 3D 2008 is still the only civil engineering tool that creates intelligent relationships between
objects so design changes are dynamically reflected. Data is entered once and the software makes changes
automatically accordingly to your preset design rules and criteria. The enhanced 3D interaction makes it easy
to explore and visualize what-if scenarios and to correct errors on-the-fly.

A Quick Review

Civil 3D 2008 is built on AutoCAD 2008, together with full functions of MAP3D 2008, Autodesk Survey,
Autodesk VIZ rendering engine and Vault. If you have used AutoCAD, you will immediately be comfortable
with the look and menu configuration. Civil 3D 2008 menu are now much user friendly. The following diagram
summarizes the main interfaces features of Civil 3D:-

1. Toolspace
• Prospector Tab
Like a file directory tree that
allows you to “dig into” your
drawing design data and execute
commands through a number of
right-click menus. It also includes 2
a graphical preview and tabular
listing area 1
• Setting Tab
The Setting tab allows the user to
control all of the settings of the
current drawing including all styles
for the different design objects
and labels. It is expandable like a 3
file directory tree and has a
number of right-click commands
available.
• Survey Tab
The Survey Tab allows the user to
access and manage survey
settings, survey-related databases,
and survey project data 4
2. Civil 3D pull-down Menus Overview of Civil 3D 2008 Interface

3. Tooltips
Civil 3D tooltips interactively retrieve
and display the cursor information
with respected to all Civil 3D objects
from the drawing database

4. Command box
The command box allow user to enter
command as that in AutoCAD

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Model-based Design

Instead of points and lines, Civil 3D create individual objects which connected to be a complete engineering
model. The model based design will allow user to create models with its specific properties and behavior,
which will be stored in the “database”.

When different objects are used and link together, the design becomes very dynamic. Objects are
interconnected in a hierarchy that defines how a change impacts one another.

It is very important to understand the interconnection relationship of Civil 3D objects. The below figures
summarized how each objects is linked together.

Relationship of Civil 3D object model Relationship

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Chapter 2: Data Shortcuts


An initial terrain model has been setup by the survey team, which is essential for us to determinate the site
formation limits. Some may consider importing DTM to the design drawings for fast setup, which create lots
of problems on future updates. In Civil 3D, Data shortcut and vault provides better solutions by dynamically
linking the Civil 3D objects (in this example, Initial Surface) to other designers.

Data shortcut is similar to the Xreference of AutoCAD. Xreference command underlay the drawing as
background, but does not allow direct interaction of Civil 3D objects among drawings. Data shortcut is
required for Civil 3D to share the physical surface data to another drawing.

With proper planning, Civil 3D users can shared the raw data to different departments, while each
department keeps the original data. Civil 3D will automatic notify all users once a data shortcut is updated
and/or edited. These keep the design data in sync, among all departments.

Civil 3D included the Vault data management system, which is a RDBMS system that further manage data
shortcuts with version control system. We are not going to disucss Vault in this session, but I am happy to
share more experience with you after this workshop

Create Data Shortcut


To Create a data shortcut
1. Open drawing “initial.dwg” from
the data floder (C:\C3D2\)
2. Go to the pull down menu
General Æ Data shortcut Æ Edit
data shortcut

3. Click the 4th icon in the


prompt up box “Create Data
shortcut by Selection”
4. Select the Digitial Terrian
Surface

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5. Press the 2nd icon


“Export data shortcuts
to file”

6. Save the shortcut in the


data folder
7. Close and Exit the
drawing

A Data shortcut for the initial surface is created. Any drawings could “read” the terrain model but
importing this XML file.

Import Data Shortcut

8. Open drawing “Design.dwg” from


the data folder

9. Go to Pull down Menu


General Æ Data Shortcut Æ Edit
Data shortcut

10. Click the first icon to “import


data shortcut”

11. Select the just created filed


from the data folder

The data shortcut will load up

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12. Select the “Initial


surface”
13. Press the 5th icon to
“create reference”

14. Follow the dialog box to create surfaces


15. Select “Border Only” style

The initial surface object will be loaded up in the Design.dwg. Through data shortcut, users can quickly
reference Civil 3D objects.

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Chapter 3: Feature Line

Feature Line
Feature Lines are fundamental elements of grading models. It has much more creation and editing capabilities
than AutoCAD 3D polyline, as it comprise of line and arc segments with each vertex location defined by XYZ
coordinate. Hence, feature lines could be use to shape any components of a 3D site model.

Feature lines could be created and edited from the “Grading” pull down menu, while it will be much easier for
new users to learn through the Icons bar. The feature line icon bar is available by default in Civil 3D 2008, on
the right hand side of the screen.

User may “re-call” the bar through by


right click the mouse in the empty
space next to the below the pull down
menu.

Feature Line icon bar

Feature line tools bar is used to convert, create and edit the geometry and elevation of the feature lines.

Creating Tools

Draw Feature Lines tool draws straight and curved feature line segments. This command has options
you can use to specify the elevations of the feature line, including an option to retrieve the elevations
from a surface.

Convert Feature line from Object tool converts existing 2D or 3D polylines, lines, or arcs to feature
lines. You can select objects in the current drawing or from an Xref.

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Editing Tools

Feature line properties tool specifies feature line properties

Add feature line label tool to add single or multiple labels to lines and curves base on styles.

Quick profile tool to view surface elevation data either along an object or along a surface between
two points. Quick profiles are only created temporarily and are removed when you save or close the
document or exit AutoCAD Civil 3D. To create a profile that you can use again, you must create an
alignment at the location of interest and use it to create a standard profile.

Elevation Editor Dialog displays a dialog table for users to edit feature lines in tabular format. Tools
also provided in the dialog box to raise or lower the feature lines or part of the feature line at
particular values.

Quick Elevation edit tool assigns elevations to points along the feature line by direct snap.

Elevation Refine Tools

Edit elevation tool edit elevations based on design parameters such as slope and elevation, through
command lines

Set grade/slope between points tool makes the entire selected segment in the feature line the
same slope/grade.

Elevation By Reference tool sets the elevation of a point on a feature line, based on a grade, slope
or relative elevation from a reference point.

Insert Elevation Point tool adds an elevation point along a feature line.

Delete Elevation Point tool removes an elevation point along a feature line

Insert High/Low Elevation Point tool inserts an elevation point at the intersection of the grade or
slope between two specified points.

Elevations From Surface tool assigns the elevations of a surface to the geometry points of one or
more feature lines, parcel lines, survey figures, or 3D polylines. Elevations are assigned to each
vertex of the line. The elevations obtained from the surface are not dynamic. If the surface is
subsequently edited, the feature line is not updated.

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Geometry Editing

Insert PI tool inserts points of intersection on a feature line. PIs differ from elevation points in that
they break the existing horizontal geometry of the feature line.

Delete PI tool deletes points of intersection from feature lines

Break tool is AutoCAD Civil 3D 2008 new feature. It breaks a feature line into two feature lines, similar
to the AutoCAD Break command.

Trim tool AutoCAD Civil 3D 2008 new feature. It trims feature lines so that they end precisely at
boundary edges defined by other objects

Join command join connecting feature lines, polylines or 3D polylines into one feature line or survey
figure. Tolerance are controlled by the “joinfeatures” command settings under grading

Reverse tool changes the direction of feature lines, mainly used to update labeling and stationing of
feature lines

Fillet tool rounds the corners of feature lines

Advance Tools

Fit Curve tool converts tessellated lines to true arcs. Grading performs much better through true arcs:-

Grading from Short tessellated lines Grading from true arc

True arc lower the calculation process of the software, as well as minimized problems created by
“interior corners of multiple faces” that deemed to no solutions.
Tolerance of the fit curve options are controlled by the “FitCurveFeature” command settings under
grading

Smooth tool smoothes out feature lines. Straighten option command could be used to restore straight
lines

Weed Vertices tool reduces the number of vertices on a feature line based on its relation to the
vertices or segments around it, according to the specified weeding factors (length, angle and grade).
Effective usage of the tools optimizes the grading results.

Stepped Offset tool offsets a feature line, survey figure, 3D polyline, or polyline in 3-dimension.

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Convert to Feature line

A typical process is converting the 2D design berm lines into 3D polylines, which normally take days. Civil 3D
Feature lines functions allow users to complete the task much quickly.

Let’s study the blue lines.

1. Recall the feature line toolbar

2. Convert the blue lines into feature lines by the 2nd icon in the feature line
toolbar – “CREATE from Objects”
3. Select the line and press “Enter”

The Prompt up dialog box provide a no


of options for user to setup style, layer,
as well as filter options. In this exercise,
we shall use the default settings.

4. Press “OK” to continue

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5. Press the “Set Grade/Slope Between Points” Icon. Follow


the instructions to convert the feature line into 3D

a. Select a feature line, survey figure, parcel line or 3d


polyline:
b. Specify the start point:
c. Specify elevation <0.000>: 50
d. Specify the end point:
e. Distance 29.172m, Grade -171.40, Slope -1:0.58, Elevation 0.000m
f. Specify grade or [Slope/Elevation/Difference] <-171.40>: e
g. Specify elevation <0.000>: 53

6. Repeat the process the convert the feature line till the level mark 56.5

In some case, we do not have a point near the level mark, (e.g.
level mark 60)

7. Press the “Insert Elevation Point” icon, following the


instruction to add a elevation point
a. Select a feature line, survey figure, parcel
line or 3d polyline:
b. Specify point or [Distance/Increment]:
c. Specify elevation or [Surface] <0.000>: 60
d. Specify point or [Distance/Increment]: Press
<ESC>

8. Repeat the “Set Grade/slope between points”


Rountine

At Level Mark 55.5, it is clear that the design intention is match exisiting surface. With Civil 3D 2008, we
may break that part of the feature line and set the elevation based on the initial surface

9. Press the “Break” command


a. Select a feature line to break:
b. Specify second break point or [First point]:

In real case, user may use the Partial functions, breaking of the
feature line is not necessary

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10. Use the Civil 3D 2008 Join Function to join the feature line back

11. Press the “Elevation from Surface” Command


12. Select the “initial” surface from the prompt up
dialog box
13. Press “OK” to continue

14. Follow the on screen instruction


a. Select a feature line, survey figure, parcel
line or 3d polyline or
b. [Multiple/Partial]: p
c. Select a feature line, survey figure, parcel
line or 3d polyline:
d. Specify the start point:
e. Specify the end point:
f. Minimum elevation: 0.000m, Maximum
Elevation 60.000m
g. Select a feature line, survey figure, parcel
line or 3d polyline or [Multiple/Partial]:

15. Repeat the “Set Grade/slope between points” routine to tie the feature line together and complete
the feature line

16. After complete, we may use the “Elevation Editor” to check


for abnormality.

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The easiest way to create another side will be the “Stepped Offset” function, followed by trimming out
unnecessary lines.

17. Click the last button “Stepped Offset”


a. Specify offset distance or [Through/Layer]: 1.6
b. Select a feature line, survey figure, 3d polyline or
polyline to offset:
c. Specify side to offset or [Multiple]:
d. Specify elevation difference or [Grade/Slope/Elevation/Variable] <0.000>: 0

18. Use the “Trim” function


a. Select cutting edges: 1 found
b. Select cutting edges: 1 found, 2 total
c. Select cutting edges:
d. Select feature lines to trim:

19. Repeat the “trim” Function for another area


20. Save this drawing for grading.

In real life, more editing may required to fine tune the berm level. In this exercise, we shall leave it at the
final product.

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Chapter 4: Grading Basic


Grading basic
Grading is tools to project user-specified slopes from a feature line to a target. The target could be surface,
relative elevation, absolute elevation or distance. Though Civil 3D 2008 has dramatic improvement over
previous version in creating complex grading solutions, interior corners with many faces, may still unsolvable.

Grading objects, managed by grading group maintain dynamic relationships with feature lines and targets.
Grading objects could be converted to surfaces with or without combination of multiple feature lines and other
grading objects. They posses dynamic relationship between feature line and targets, which allow users to carry
out dynamic what-if analysis in minutes.

Grading Criteria

Grading criteria sets store grading criteria. Each


criteria specifies how to project user-specified
slopes from a feature line to surface, relative
elevation, absolute elevation or distance. Grading
criteria sets and grading criteria are managed
through the settings of the prospector.

Managing Grading Criteria

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Each criteria carries its own properties based on a target, while the slope projection parameters could be
further defined during the creation process.

Interior corner overlap settings resolve grading


conflicts at corners, demonstrate on the picture on
the right.

Civil 3D provide 3 options, Use Average slope, hold


slope minimum and hold slope maximum.

Create Grading Criteria

The next step to create a site formation model is


estimated slope extend based on a set of design
parameters, typically matching initial surface with
certain gradient of slope. This is known as Grading
Criteria set.

A grading criteria set is setup through the “Setting” tab in


the prospector, shown in the left hand side figure.

Grading criteria could be stored inside the template.


Civil 3D 2008 did not come with standard templates for
HK. However, Authorized Civil 3D resellers in HK should
be able to provide and/or customized one suitable for
you.

User may also reminder that grading criteria could be


changed before apply. We shall demonstrate it later in
this exercise.

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Grading Toolbar

Grading objects are created with the grading toolbar. Grading


Toolbar is opened through the pull down menu:-

Grading Æ Create Grading

Grading Toolbar

Create Grading Group

Select Reference Surface for grading targets

Set Grading Layer that the grading object reside

Select Grading Criteria Set from the drawing template

Select Grading Criteria from a particular set

Grading Criteria management create and edit grading criteria directly

Grading creation tools create all grading objects, include transition and in-fill

Grading Edit tools edit grading features

Grading Volume tools prompt up dialog box for real time analysis of volume quantities

Grading Editor opens up dialog box for to edit grading objects

Elevation Editor

Grading Group properties display grading group properties in a table format

Grading Properties display grading properties in a table format

Expand Toolbox expand detail toolbox, particular useful to display grading criteria

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Create Grading

Grading Toolbar is opened through the pull down menu:-


Grading Æ Create Grading ..

Note: if you have missed the feature line settings, you may open drawing
grading.dwg to continue this exercise.

21. Setup grading group in the first icon


22. A dialog box will prompt up for the grading group. You may ignore
it at this exercise

23. Set the “Target surface” with the 2nd icon.

24. Set “Initial” as the target surface.

25. Press “OK” to continue

26. Press the 4th icon to “Select a Criteria Set”

27. Select “HK Fill Set” in this example


28. Press “OK” to continue

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You may notice there are a list of criteria pre-defined in


this criteria set.

29. Select the “40D_fill_match” criteria as according to


the requirement state in this design drawing.

30. Press the “Create Grading” button and follow the


instructions to create a match fill slope.
a. Select the feature:
b. Select the grading side:
c. Apply to entire length? [Yes/No] <Yes>: y
d. Grading Criteria: 40D_fill_match
e. Cut Slope <1:1.19>:

In deed, user may type in the new parameters, e.g. Cut Slope grading during the creation process.
Hence, users did not need to specific all criteria at first place.

Once the grading is completed, you may notice new slope formed, which is different than the design. One
may be interest to know about the earthwork quantities in this particular area.
Note: In real example, users are advise to break down the grading into different groups, rather than using the
entire berm line for 3 groups of slope shown in this example

31. Click the “Grading Volume Tools” Icon. Civil 3D


will automatically calculate the earthwork
quantities in this region.

You may find similar result as below:-

32. Select the “Grading Group” and expose by Press “X” in your command box

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33. Press the “Create grading group” Button to create a new group

34. Press the icon to “Create a Grading Group”

35. Follow the screen capture on the Right hand side to


create a new group
a. Type “Group B”
b. Check “Automatic Surface Creation”
c. Check “Use the Group Name”
d. Select “_No Display” as the surface style
e. Use the default Tesselation Spacing and
Tesselation Angle
f. Check the “Volume base Surface”
g. Press “OK” when ready

36. Press “OK” again to return to the main grading Toolbar

Note that the “Group” below the Grading Toolbar is now “GroupB”

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37. Select the “40D_Match fill


criteria” and press the create
grading button to create the
slope extend at the lower left
corner group

38. Select the 3D polyline

Since we did not convert this 3D polyine


into feature lines before, we need to
convert it into a Feature line

39. Press “OK” to continue


40. Follow the on screen instruction
a. Select the feature:
b. Feature line added to site:
Site 1
c. Select the grading side:
d. Apply to entire length?
[Yes/No] <Yes>: y
e. Grading Criteria:
40D_fill_match
f. Cut Slope <1:1.19>:
g. Select the feature:
*Cancel*

41. Repeat the process to check the


volume required for this region

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In some cases, we may want to create change the match fill criteria of this completed grading for some
what-if analysis. To edit the grading criteria:-

42. Press the “edit grading” icon

43. Follow the on screen instruction:-


a. Select a point in the grading or [Site]:
b. Cut Slope <1:1.19>: 1:1
c. Select a point in the grading or [Site]: *Cancel*

44. Review the grading volume for updated quantities:-

45. Save this drawing for DTM creation.

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Chapter 5: Surfaces
Introduction

A surface is a three dimensional geometric representation of n area of land or in the case of volume surface, is
a difference or composite between two surface area. Surfaces are made up of triangles or grids, which are
created when Autodesk Civil 3D connects the points that make up the surface data.
Primary part of the surface data include grading results, points or contours, supplemented with breaklines and
boundary. Breaklines are constraint lines such as berm and kerb lines and other abrupt changes in the
topography. Boundaries control the visible extents of a surface and can be used to create holes in a surface,
where there are buildings or water bodies. User can create empty surface and then add different type of data,
or can import existing surface data, such as LandXML, TIN or DEM files.

About Surface
A surface is created at the Prospector Tools
1. Expand the “Drawing”
2. Select “Surface”
3. Right click and “New”

The Create Surface Dialog Provide a few options. User should Name the surface and Select a style when
creating a new TIN surface.

There is a number of ways to define a surface. If you expand the new


surface in prospector, you will notice the Definition.
User may define surface by
• Contours
• Importing Point File
• Point Groups assigned by Civil 3D
• Drawing Objects such as AutoCAD Line and Point
• Breakline and Boundaries
Once the TIN surface is formed, user is allowed to edit the surface by
Right click on the “Edits”. Civil 3D allow users to
• Add and remove Triangle Lines
• Swap Triangle Lines
• Modify Points
All of the changes to each surface will by logged. In case a mistake is
made, user can delete the particular steps in the below dialog box.

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Surface Style

The Surface is controlled by Style. User could customize


the different form of display, surface creation criteria,
etc through the defining the Style.

A list of Predefined Style includes:-


• Border and Contour
• Border and Triangle points
• Contours (Background)
• Etc.

User may easily change the surface style by


• Select the surface in the Prospector
• Right click and select Properties
• Choose from the Surface Style Pull down Menu

Surface Styles are highly customizable for different type of analysis such as slope direction and flat area
analysis. We will not go through in-depth here. Yet, user may edit the predefined template to create your own
analysis Surface Style. The Figure demonstrates different style of the same Civil 3D Surface:-

WaterShed Style
Border and Contour Style

Slope Direction Style Triangle and Point Style

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We have to create a surface to calculate the total volume, to Create a new surface:-

46. Go to the Surfaces pull down menu


Surfaces Æ Create surface

47. Name the new surface design

48. In Prospector, expand the surfaces


49. Expand the “Design” surfaces to the
Definition tab.

Feature lines could be imported as breakline


in Civil 3D 2008.

50. Select any of the feature line


51. Right click and select “Select similar”
52. Right click on the “Breaklines” and
select Add

Supplementing distance is a new tool to Weed (Filter) 3D


breaklines. If any two points in a breakline is less than the
supplementing distance, it will be simplified.

53. Type the Description “Berm”


54. Select “Standard” Type
55. Using “0.001m” Mid-ordinate distance
56. Press “OK” to continue

You shall note that a DTM surface is created.

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If we do not want to expose the grading group for certain reasons, we may also detach the grading group
surfaces and add it into the design DTM.

Note: It is essential to detach the surfaces created by grading or corridor before summing up. This prevents
endless looping caused by the Civil 3D Dynamic routine, which will certainly hangs out the software.

57. Go to the Grading Pull down menu


Grading Æ Grading utilities Æ Create Detached surfaces

58. Select the “GroupB” and press “OK”

59. Name the surface “GroupB_detached”


60. Press “OK” to continue

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Civil 3D surfaces could be “Sum up”


together, using the edits in the definition

61. Right click on “Edits”


62. Select “Paste Surface”

63. Select “groupB_detached” surfaces


64. Press “OK”
65. Save the drawing

The surface is attached.

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From this point, the design surface is created. User may use the DTM volume tools to calculated the surface
material quantities:-

66. Go to the Surface Pull Down Menu


Surfaces Æ Utilities Æ Volumes

67. Press the first icon to “Create a volume entities”

68. Select the base and comparison surfaces:-

You should have similar results.

If you are familiar with Civil 3D, you may try out other tools, like object viewer and rendering. From this
exercise, we convert design drawing from feature lines and grading slope. By binding feature lines and
grading into surfaces, we can start analysis with standard surface operations.

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Chapter 7: Conclusion
Thank you for attending this session on the Grading with Civil 3D 2008. Within the limited time of this session,
we have gone through some of the grading functions in Civil 3D 2008:-
• Create Feature lines
• Editing feature lines
• Grading criteria sets
• Dynamic Grading Analysis
• Grading and surfaces
• Volume Analysis

Civil 3D is a powerful application that needs implementation strategies to maximize the usage. Selecting pilot
project to implement the software will be a great way to start. Autodesk Value Added resellers are always
happy to be by your side to implement the changes and provide customized training courses. Planning with us is
the key to success when migrating to new technology.

It is also recommended to attend other workshops and trainings course which will discuss other Civil 3D
technologies in depth:-
• Site formation with Civil 3D May 2007 Autodesk Value Added Reseller
• Certified Course for Autodesk Civil 3D June 2007 Autodesk Authorized Training center

Further Information

Further information regarding Civil 3D could be found on the web and Autodesk resellers:-
• Autodesk Website
http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=123112&id=3566722
• Civil 3D webcast
http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?id=7166051&siteID=123112
• Autodesk Civil 3D Discussion Group
http://discussion.autodesk.com/forum.jspa?forumID=66
• Civil 3D 2007 workshop materials
http://c3d.spatial-technology.net/index.php?s=Design+Academy
• HK Civil 3D BLOG
http://c3d.andychan.info
• Autodesk Value Added Resellers
Spatial Technology Limited http://www.spatial-technology.net
• Autodesk Authorized Training Centers
Welkin Systems Limited http://www.welkin.com.hk/
• Civil 3D 2008 Training Guide
Universal Press (available in June) http://c3d.andychan.info/c3d_book

Content within this document is not intended to be distributed to non-workshop attendee. If you would like an electronic
version of this document and/or 30-days trial version of Civil3D 2008, please email me at achan@spatial-technology.net.

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