Lock-Up Device SPECIFICATION

LUD use for Structural Strengthening & Rehabilitation

LOCK-UP DEVICE (LUD)

Description: This work consists of furnishing and placing the Lock-Up Devices (LUD), sometimes
referred to as a Shock Transmission Unit (STU). The contractor should be aware that the LUD is subject
to independent testing; certification and approval.

Manufacturer: The supplying manufacturer shall verify its field experience of five years or greater and
have completed at least five bridge LUD projects. Specific installations should have performed in
measurable earthquake events. Required background information includes its history in LUD design,
manufacturing, independent testing of LUDs, including installation dates, locations, state agency names.

Materials: Materials shall meet the requirements of the applicable Structural Steel Code and insure
proper performance of the Devices. Specific material specifications for the devices and device
components are listed below. The Devices shall contain silicone putty and no liquid. The Manufacturer
shall meet these material requirements and submit certification of such to the Engineer for approval.
Materials mentioned include all LUD components and putty, attaching brackets, connection pins, and
corrosion protection.

Devices: The Lock-Up Devices shall be manufactured of structural steel meeting the following
requirements: LUD Cylinder-50 Ksi or higher Yield; LUD Piston 100-125 Ksi Yield
LUD Piston Shaft shall register 24 ft-lbs min., Charpy V Notch at 70F
LUD End Connections (both fixed and expansion)-50 KSI Yield Strength Min.
Steel: The steel elements shall be made of forged or other structural grade shapes. No steel
or iron castings are permitted.

Attachment Brackets: All Brackets shall be of A36 or A572 (A588) steel as required, galvanized.

Attachment Pins: Pins shall be Stainless Steel meeting AISI 630, 17-4, 100 KSI Yield Min.

Bolts & Fasteners: All Assembly Bolts shall meet ASTM A325 or A490.

Silicone Material: The Silicone putty material shall perform to TechStar TSilicone Spec. Material shall
be virginal with no fillers, Viscosity min 5,000,000 Centipoise. TSilicone Plasticity and Recovery shall be
80 +/- 5; Based on ASTM D926. TSilicone Thermal Deviation shall be minimal over -20F to 120F.
Tsilicone Viscosity variation over expected environmental temperature gradient must permit acceptable
device behavior at all typical temperatures.

Corrosion Protection: LUDs shall be painted or metalized to the appropriate State Specification

Design: The LUD shall consist of structural steel casing & piston filled with silicone putty material. The
design shall contain no external or internal ports, valves, or other orifices that could potentially leak.
Design shall follow AASHTO LRFD.

Working Drawings: The manufacturer shall submit working drawings to the Engineer for review prior to
fabrication. The engineer shall provide written approval according to the requirements of the Provisional
Plans and Special Provisions. These drawings shall include, but not be limited to the following
information:
1) Complete details of the device including anchor/connection layout.
2) Plan, elevation, and longitudinal and transverse section of the device showing
all dimensions and tolerances.
3) Complete details of all components with sections showing material incorporated into
the device and brackets.
4) Complete Instructions for installation of the device.

Fabrication : The LUDs shall be fabricated to AASHTO Structural Steel Standards and meet the following:
 Dimensions Tolerances
External plan dimension +/- 1/8 inch
Flatness of bearing/restraint device exterior surfaces +/- 1/16 inch from mean surface
Variation from plane parallel to the theoretical surface. Slope no more then 0.005 radians

Design requirements: The LUDs shall be designed to withstand the following permanent loads:

Maximum Horizontal Force (per Unit) Location A Location B

Tons Tons

Maximum movement at slow rate of load (10%) 2 Inches 2 Inches

Maximum displacement under rapid rate of load 1/4 inch Same

Each device shall be permanently marked with the Manufacturer’s name, device type, identification,
date of fabrication (month and year). The marking shall be in a location that is readily visible when the
device is installed in the completed structure.

Shipping and Handling. Each device shall be fully assembled at the manufacturing plant and delivered
to the construction site as a complete unit ready for installation. The device shall be packaged so that
sliding surfaces will not be damaged. Devices shall be shipped and stored as further specified by the
supplier.

Installation. The device shall be installed level and according to the manufacturers’ recommendations.
The manufacturer shall have a qualified installation technician on site during the installation. Devices
shall be set to a pre-determined length for the appropriate temperature of installation, and installed into
the attaching brackets using jacking devices to insure snug and proper fit.

Testing and Certification. The manufacturer shall test each device or shall have tested LUDs of equal or
greater loading capability and have certified results by an independent testing laboratory, or shall test each
device with such test witness and attested by an independent testing laboratory, for compliance with the
specified performance requirements. No factory testing will be considered. This testing criterion covers
the five below listed dynamic tests. The sequence of the tests on a device may deviate from the list shown
below. Test results shall be referenced to markings on the device to allow identification of the test results
for each device. Test results, with testing certification, and manufacturing certifications shall be provided
to the State Engineer for his review and approval. State Engineer approval is required before any
installation.

Impressed Deflection Test (2” movement typical) the test objectives are to evaluate the force resistance of
the device at low speeds and to verify the lateral displacement capacity. The device shall have an
impressed deflection of 0” to +2” to 0” to -2” to 0” in not less than 10 hours nor more than 24 hours at
room temperature. During the impressed deflection cycle the LUD shall develop no more drag force than
10% of its maximum design capability. A continuous plot of the load and deflection shall be recorded to
permit evaluation and certification of the device. The impress deflection may be imposed in steps.

Force Capability (in Kips)

-2 2

10%

Displacement
(in inches)

-10%
Time to complete one cycle 10 hrs.< t< 24 hrs.

Simulated Dynamic Shock Force Test at High Velocity:

The test objective is to evaluate the stiffness of the device for impulse forces and constant forces. The
Device shall have a tension force (location specific) applied in less than 0.50 seconds and the force
sustained for 5 seconds. The force shall be applied at a velocity greater than 1.0 in/sec. (expected
structural velocity during the design earthquake). Then the Positive force shall be replaced with a
compression equal force (location specific) in less than 0.50 seconds and the force sustained for 5 seconds.
The deflection during the loading of the positive force and the negative force shall be not greater than 1/4
inch. The deflection during sustained load portions shall not exceed 1/4 inch. A continuous plot of the
load and deflection shall be recorded to permit evaluation & certification.

DEFLECTION
(In Inches)
1/2

1/4

6.5
TIME
(in Sec.)

0.5 5.5 6.0 11.5

-1/8

-3/8

Simulated Cyclical Force Proof Load Test: The purpose of this test is to confirm the performance
characteristics of the Devices during simulated peak amplitude seismic loading. Each design of LUD
provided shall be tested for not less than 15 cycles @ 1 Hz for absorbing 100% of maximum load capacity
required. The cycles shall be continuous. An Independent Testing Laboratory shall conduct tests. The
minimum of 15 cycles must be met. Certified Test Results are to be submitted for approval.

Hydrostatic Pressure Tests: Devices that must be designed to higher than normal internal operating
pressures (ambient under no load, ≤ 7,000 psi under 100% design load) should be hydrostatically tested to
verify the integrity of the cylinder seals under load. Designing to higher operating pressures can be
necessary if the LUDs are extremely large load or the space available for installation limits the physical
dimensions of the device. This test should be considered if the 125% design pressure under shock load
exceeds 10,000 psi within the cylinder. Hydrostatic tests should run for 3 minutes at 125% operating
pressure and permit no greater than 6% decrease in internal pressure. No visible leakage of silicone putty
should be present. If putty leakage or excessive pressure drop is witnessed, then the hydraulic seals must
be replaced within the LUD and the unit re-tested.

Extreme Temperature Tests: Devices to witness extreme temperature variations (-20 to –30F) or 150F
should be subject to testing of the internal fluid/putty for temperature versus viscosity testing. These
conditions could exist in an extremely cold windy climate or if the LUD is installed subject to direct
sunlight (not under or otherwise shielded by the structure) in an extremely hot climate. The testing serves
to verify that the LUD will lock-up under temperature extremes and that the anticipated slow movement
drag forces at these extremes are acceptable with the LUD anchorage and bridge movement. Slow
Movement Drag Forces can be expected to vary from 6% design load at the hot temperature to 12% design
load at the extremely cold temperature. Room temperature results from Test #1 listed above would fall
between these two extremes. Extreme Cold and Hot Temperature dynamic testing of LUDs is often
impractical due to the small nature of testing lab environmental chambers and the large scale physical
requirements of LUD testing rigs. The long lead-time to install the LUD into the testing rig (several
hours involving much handling) further complicates “pre-conditioning” LUDs in a hot or cold room and
then testing. Viscosity testing of the fluid/putty is therefore recommended if extreme temperature
conditions are expected.