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Dr. P. NANJUNDASWAMY
Professor of Civil Engineering
S J College of Engineering
Mysuru – 570 006
Contact : 94492 64365
pnswamy@yahoo.com
Outline
Dewatering – What & Why
Consequences-Improper Dewatering
Design Considerations
2 2
h h
Ho 1
H2 2
h1 h2 h1 h2
2
h
H3 3
h2 h3
Dr. P. Nanjundaswamy SJCE Mysore July 15, 2015 13
HVORSLEV’S METHOD cont…
• Let the corresponding depths of water table level below
the ground surface be hw1, hw2, hw3 etc.
Now we have
hw1 = Hw – Ho
hw2 = Hw - (h1 + h2) – H2
hw3 = Hw - (h1 + h2 + h3) – H3
Where, Hw is the depth of water level in the casing from
the ground surface at the start of the test.
Normally hw1 = hw2 = hw3 ; if not an average value gives
hw , the depth of ground water table.
h12 0.632
Ho 6.615 m
h1 h2 0.63 057
h22 0.57 2
H2 5.415 m
h1 h2 0.63 057
h32 0.512
H3 4.335 m
h2 h3 0.57 0.51
Exclusion Techniques
Dewatering Techniques
Gravity flow
Electro-Osmosis.
Exclusion Techniques
Cutoff walls
penetrate into
a very low-
permeability
stratum
Thermal barriers
Artificial ground-freezing using brine or liquid nitrogen
Tunneling methods
Compressed air
EPB TBM
Dewatering Techniques
Open sump
and Ditches
Open sump
and Ditches
CASE STUDY-1
2.0 7
Water Table between 0.6 m to 1.0 2.5 10
m below the EGL during the period of 3.0 12
investigation 4.5 30
Loose brownish sandy in the top Depth below NGL Recommended SBC
2.0 m to 3.6 m below the existing (m) (kN/m2)
1.5 60
ground level in various boreholes
2.0 100
N-value at depth of 3.0 m below 2.5 130
the ground level is observed to quite 3.0 160
Excavation for
placing
Isolated footing
for a column
Pump being
positioned for
dewatering to
create dry
condition for
placing concrete
footing
Dewatering
from the pit
in progress
Closer view
of the pump
used for
Dewatering
View of the
Dewatering
almost
nearing
completion
Mucking
process after
Dewatering
Temporary
Supporting
to adjacent
building at
the place of
Dewatering
Concreting of
footing is
complete.
Reinforcement
cage of the
column in view
Dewatering
in process
before
concreting
of column
Concreting
of column
completed
View of
Form work
being
removed
after
concrete of
column has
attained
strength
Dewatering
in progress
for back
filling the
soil to cover
the column
View of the
adjacent
columns after
successful
concreting of
footing and
part of the
columns with
soil being filled
back to cover
the columns
Getting
ready for
Dewatering
to construct
next column
footing
View of
Construction
activity for
placing
footing
1.2 30
done on 15-05-2008: 1.5 47
Water Table between 2.0 to 3.0 m 2.0 100
below the EGL during the period of 3.0 100
investigation
Filled up soil for a depth of 2.4 to Depth below NGL Recommended SBC
(m) (kN/m2)
3.0 m. 1.0 160
View of
Construction
workers try
remove soil to
make way for
water
movement
away from
concreted
footing
View of the
footing with
severe cracks
at the
corners.
Closer view of
the footing
with severe
cracks at the
corners.
View of the
workers
preparing to
cast new
footing.
View of the
site with
liquefied soil
View of
Concrete
blocks being
stacked to
observe
whether the
liquefied soil
can bear the
load.
A view of the
construction
site
Greater lifts are possible by lowering the water in two or more stages
General guidelines
NAVFAC (1982)
NAVFAC (1982)
exceeding 20 000
gallons per minute.
Deep well pumps can lift water 100 feet or more in a single
stage and the variation of the typical deep well system is a
pressure within an aquifer.
Robert’s diagram