Improve your Skills: Use of English for First, Unit 2, Recognising and using phrasal
verbs, p. 14
phrasal verb (grammar) a verb combined with an adverb or a preposition, or
sometimes both, to give a new meaning, for example go in for, win over and see to Improve your Use of English skills: recognising and using phrasal verbs What is recognising ...? plus prep as well as something/somebody; and also We have to fit five of us plus all our gear in the car. particle (grammar) an adverb or a preposition that can combine with a verb to make a phrasal verb In ‘She tore up the letter’, the word ‘up’ is a particle. be composed of something (formal) to be made or formed from several parts, things or people The committee is composed mainly of lawyers. get on with sb / get on (together) (also get along with somebody, get along (together) North American English, British English) to have a friendly relationship with somebody She's never really got on with her sister. She and her sister have never really got on. We get along just fine together. be on good, friendly, bad, etc. terms (with somebody) to have a good, friendly, etc. relationship with somebody I had no idea that you and he were on such intimate terms (= were such close friends). He is still on excellent terms with his ex-wife. I'm on first-name terms with my boss now (= we call each other by our first names). get around (British English also get about)to move from place to place or from person to person She gets around with the help of a stick. News soon got around that he had resigned. work sth out (especially British English) to find the answer to something SYNONYM SOLVE to work out a problem work out what, where, etc… Can you work out what these squiggles mean? phrasal verb (grammar) a verb combined with an adverb or a preposition, or sometimes both, to give a new meaning, for example go in for, win over and see to 1A particle (grammar) an adverb or a preposition that can combine with a verb to make a phrasal verb In ‘She tore up the letter’, the word ‘up’ is a particle. Why is recognising ...? 2B feature C something important, interesting or typical of a place or thing An interesting feature of the city is the old market. Teamwork is a key feature of the training programme. How do you recognize ...? strategy [countable] a plan that is intended to achieve a particular purpose the government’s economic strategy strategy for doing something to develop a strategy for dealing with unemployment strategy to do something It's all part of an overall strategy to gain promotion. figure sb/sth out to think about somebody/something until you understand them/it SYNONYM WORK OUT We couldn't figure her out. figure out how, what, etc… I can't figure out how to do this. phrasal verb (grammar) a verb combined with an adverb or a preposition, or sometimes both, to give a new meaning, for example go in for, win over and see to 3C How is recognizing ...? lexical adj [usually before noun] (linguistics) connected with the words of a language lexical items (= words and phrases) particle (grammar) an adverb or a preposition that can combine with a verb to make a phrasal verb In ‘She tore up the letter’, the word ‘up’ is a particle. 4B Get started Students’ own answers in terms of something, in…terms used to show what aspect of a subject you are talking about or how you are thinking about it The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages. In practical terms this law may be difficult to enforce. Developing your vocabulary Ex. 1 Answers 1 in pull in (to sth) (of a train) to enter a station and stop 2 off drop sb/sth off to take someone or something to a place by car and leave them there on your way to another place I’ll drop you off on my way home. 3 away get away to have a holiday/vacation We're hoping to get away for a few days at Easter. 4 off turn off/turn sth off [no passive] to leave a road in order to travel on another Is this where we turn off? The jet began to turn off the main runway. 5 down underground (often the Underground) (British English) (North American English subway) [singular]an underground railway/railroad system in a city underground stations the London Underground I always travel by underground. 6 round get around (something) to go or travel to different places We had to use public transport to get around. It’s quite easy to get around London. 7 off 8 off set off to begin a journey We set off for London just after ten. 9 out of pull out (of something) (of a train) to leave a station 10 out of run out (of sth) to use up or finish a supply of something We ran out of fuel. Could I have a cigarette? I seem to have run out. Ex. 2 Answers powered adj (usually in compounds) operated by a form of energy such as electricity or by the type of energy mentioned a powered wheelchair a solar-powered calculator battery-powered tools 1 flight test flight a flight during which an aircraft or part of its equipment is tested hopefully adv used to express what you hope will happen Hopefully, we'll arrive before dark. 2 way pave the way (for somebody/something) to create a situation in which somebody will be able to do something or something can happen. This decision paved the way for changes in employment rights for women. commercial adj [only before noun] making or intended to make a profit The movie was not a commercial success (= did not make money). commercial baby foods the first commercial flights across the Atlantic 3 line down the road/line/track in the future Cars that drive themselves are in development now, but a marketable product is a longway down the line. powered adj (usually in compounds) operated by a form of energy such as electricity or by the type of energy mentioned a powered wheelchair a solar-powered calculator battery-powered tools 4 ticket just the ticket (British English also just the job) (informal, approving) exactly what is needed in a particular situation public a group of people who share a particular interest or who are involved in the same activity the theatre-going public She knows how to keep her public (= for example, the people who buy her books) satisfied. 5 wall up the wall (spoken) very angry or annoyed That noise is driving me up the wall (=making me annoyed). Develop your Use of English skills Ex. 1 Answers 1 d enter 2 j exit exit [intransitive, transitive] (formal) to go out; to leave a building, stage, vehicle, etc. (+ adv./prep.) The bullet entered her back and exited through her chest. We exited via a fire door. exit something As the actors exited the stage the lights went on. 3 n collect from a specific place pick sth up to collect something from a place I picked up my coat from the cleaners. 4 l chase 5 b offer for free give sth away to give something as a gift He gave away most of his money to charity. (informal) Check out the prices of our pizzas—we're virtually giving them away! 6 p find come across sb/sth [no passive] to meet or find somebody/something by chance I came across children sleeping under bridges. She came across some old photographs in a drawer. bargain a thing bought for less than the usual price I picked up a few good bargains in the sale. The car was a bargain at that price. bargain prices 7 f look at take sth in to visit a place while you are in the area They continued a few miles further to take in Hinton House. 8 a take someone to a place and leave them there drop sb/sth off to take someone or something to a place by car and leave them there on your way to another place I’ll drop you off on my way home. 9 k survive get by (on/in/with something) to manage to live or do a particular thing using the money, knowledge, equipment, etc. that you have How does she get by on such a small salary? I can just about get by in German (= I can speak basic German). 10 h stay level keep up (with somebody/something) to move, make progress or increase at the same rate as somebody/something Slow down—I can't keep up! I can't keep up with all the changes. Wages are not keeping up with inflation. level adj having the same height, position, value, etc. as something Are these pictures level? level with something This latest rise is intended to keep wages level with inflation. She drew level with (= came beside) the police car. 11 c return money owed 12 m do, make sth happen carry sth out to do and complete a task to carry out an inquiry/an investigation/a survey Extensive tests have been carried out on the patient. 13 e shout call [intransitive, transitive] to shout or say something loudly to attract somebody’s attention I thought I heard somebody calling. call (out) to somebody (for something) She called out to her father for help. call (something) out He called out a warning from the kitchen. call something Did somebody call my name? + speech ‘See you later!’ she called. 14 o enter without permission 15 i cause 16 g start doing something seriously get down to business to start dealing with the matter that needs to be dealt with, or doing the work that needs to be done Let’s get down to business right away—we’ll stop for coffee later. Ex. 2 give sth up (to sb) to hand something over to somebody else We had to give our passports up to the authorities. He gave up his seat to a pregnant woman (= stood up to allow her to sit down). elderly adj (of people) used as a polite word for ‘old’ an elderly couple elderly relatives hold sb/sth up (often passive) to delay or block the movement or progress of somebody/something An accident is holding up traffic. My application was held up by the postal strike. co-pilot a second pilot who helps the main pilot in an aircraft stand in (for somebody) to take somebody’s place SYNONYM DEPUTIZE My assistant will stand in for me while I'm away. run somebody/somethingover (of a vehicle or its driver) to knock a person or an animal down and drive over their body or a part of it Two children were run over and killed. get through (to sb) to make contact with somebody by telephone I tried calling you several times but I couldn't get through. conductor (British English) a person whose job is to collect money from passengers on a bus or train or check their tickets a bus conductor give sb sth back/give sth back (to sb) to return something to its owner Could you give me back my pen? Could you give me my pen back? keep up (with somebody/something) to move, make progress or increase at the same rate as somebody/something Slow down—I can't keep up! I can't keep up with all the changes. Wages are not keeping up with inflation. Ex. 3 Answers 2 give sth up (to sb) to hand something over to somebody else We had to give our passports up to the authorities. He gave up his seat to a pregnant woman (= stood up to allow her to sit down). 3 hold sb/sth up (often passive) to delay or block the movement or progress of somebody/something An accident is holding up traffic. My application was held up by the postal strike. 5 run somebody/somethingover (of a vehicle or its driver) to knock a person or an animal down and drive over their body or a part of it Two children were run over and killed. 7 give sb sth back/give sth back (to sb) to return something to its owner Could you give me back my pen? Could you give me my pen back?