Valsir - Waste Water Inside Buildings (Technical Manual - Tehnicki Katalog)

L02-345/1
Technical manual Technical manual

L02-345/1 L02-345/1
Uff.Pub. Valsir - L02-345/1 - Marzo 2010
Characteristics, project design, calculation, installation and testing

Valsir product range.
QUALITY FOR PLUMBING

PEHD PP RAIN PLUS
Waste systems inside buildings
SIFONI
TRAPS
ative)
CASSETTE SISTEMI RADIANTI
lene
ve/neg
] (positi
ne
∆T [°C
ropy
erence
le
ature diff
thy
FLUSH CISTERNS RADIANT SYSTEMS Temper 100
lye
Silere
Poly
Po
90
80
70
60
Valsir product approvals. 50
40
30
20
200
160
10 120 ]
80
ction
∆ L [mm
40 ion/contra
10 0 Expans
9
8
7
6 This means that
5
3
4 doubling the noise
2 gth [m] noise sources power (or inten
1 Pipe len with noise energ sity) is the same
Let’s now supp ies (or intensities as increasing the
ose that we halve ) that are doub noise levels by
the noise powe le compared to 3 dB or difference
pressure corre r (or intensity) the other. s of 3 dB are equa
7 sponding to 80 an we want to
and l to
10 9
8 dB and we halve evaluate the reduc
] it, we obtain: tion in dB. If we
ght L [m
6
Pipe len 1 2 consider the same
5 L = 10lo
tot
p
g10
noise

[mm] 2 = 10log10 0,510 8 = 77 dB
(
TGM p0
)
4
meter De 315
Pipe dia 3
GEPRÜFT 250
2
This means that
halving the noise [2.13]
2,5 And what happ power (or inten
200 sity) is the equiv
2 ens if we multi
ply the noise energ
y (or intensity)
alent of reducing
the levels of noise
by 3 dB.
1 by a factor of ten?
2
L tot = 10log p
10 10
10
= 10log10 1010 8 = 90 dB
2,0
p0
( )
L Bf [m]
the noise levels
TE SYSTEMS
are increased [2.14]
1,5 by 10 dB!
arm
The concepts
of flexible
just dealt with
doubling the soun are clearly show
■
d power is equiv n in the curve
in Figure 2.1 wher
NOISE IN WAS
■ multiplyin alent to increasing e we see that:
DE AT IT UK AU PL RU FR NL SG BY SK g the sound powe the noise levels
r by a factor of by 3 dB;
Length
■ halving ten is equivalent
1,5 the sound powe to increasing the
r is the equivalent
of reducing the noise levels by
1,0 noise levels by 10 dB;
[m] 3 dB.
0,5 arm H Bf
of flexible
0 Length D"

180
140
[mm]
tion
n/contrac
0 Expansio

D"
7 7

D"
7 7

HU RO CZ DK CH UA ZA SE ES BE NO FI

D"
7 7 7 7

Figure 2.1 Differ

ence in dB betwe
en two sound sourc
es with sound energ
ies of W and W
1 2 (or intensity J and
1 J2 )
22
Valsir S.p.A. OK_MT_L02_3

45-0.indd 22
Località Merlaro, 2 - 25078 Vestone (Brescia) Italia 20-02-2007

14:45:43
Tel. +39 0365 877011 - Fax +39 0365 81268

valsir@valsir.it - commerciale.italia@valsir.it
assistenza@valsir.it - impianti@valsir.it - export@valsir.it
www.valsir.it
www.valsir.it
You can give us your opinion on Valsir and its products by using the form you will find into the “Services” section of our Web site.
www.valsir.it
1 Valsir waste systems 6
1.1 High density polyethylene electro-fusion waste and drainage system (HDPE) 6
1.1.1 Material 6
1.1.2 Application field 7
1.1.3 Dimensions 7
1.1.4 Connection systems 8
1.1.5 Quality marks 8
1.1.7 Packaging 8
1.1.6 Marking 8
1.2 Push-fit flame retardant polypropylene waste and drainage system (PP) 9
1.2.1 Material 9
1.2.3 Dimensions 10
1.2.6 Marking 11
1.2.7 Packaging 12
1.3 Push-fit triple layer waste and drainage system 13
1.3.1 Material 13
1.3.3 Dimensions 14
1.3.7 Packaging 15
1.3.6 Marking 15
1.4 Push-fit soundproof waste and drainage system 16
1.4.1 Material 16
1.4.3 Dimensions 17
1.4.7 Packaging 18
1.4.6 Marking 18
2 Noise in waste systems 19
2.1 Introduction 19
2.2 Sound 19
2.3 Noise and its measurement 21
2.4 Noise in buildings and Italian legislation 23
2.5 The acoustic performance of the Valsir waste pipes 26
2.5.1 The test methods 26
2.5.2 The results 27
2.6 Acoustics in the planning of soil and waste systems 30
2.6.1 Introduction 30
2.6.2 Noise in waste systems 32
2.6.3 Acoustic design 33
2.6.4 Impact of system geometry on noise levels 36
2.7 Developments in Standards 40
2
3 Project design of waste systems 41
3.1 The discharge of used waters 41

3.2 Traps 42
3.2.1 Siphonage 43
3.2.2 Self-siphonage 44
3.3 Ventilation 44
3.3.1 Waste systems with primary ventilation 44
3.3.2 Waste system with direct and indirect parallel ventilation 49
3.3.3 Waste systems with secondary ventilation 55
3.3.4 Waste systems with ventilation fittings 56
3.3.5 Guideline in the choice of the waste system 58
3.4 Waste branches 59
3.5 Waste stacks 60
3.5.1 Division of waste stacks 60
3.5.2 Waste stack deviation 64
3.5.3 Connections to the stacks 65
3.5.4 Configuration of the stack base 66
3.5.5 Configuration of the stack relief vent 68
3.6 Waste manifolds 69
3.7 General rules for connections 70
3.8 Access fittings 73
3.9 Brackets 74
3.9.1 Preliminary considerations 74
3.9.2 Free anchoring 76
3.9.3 Rigid anchoring 81
4 Dimensioning of waste systems in compliance with uni en 12056 83
4.1 Introduction 83
4.2 Calculation of the flow rates 83
4.3 Dimensioning of waste branches 86
4.3.1 Dimensioning of branches without vent 86
4.3.2 Dimensioning of ventilated braches 87
4.4 Dimensioning of the waste stack 88
4.4.1 Dimensioning of stacks with primary ventilation 88
4.4.2 Dimensioning of stacks with parallel or secondary ventilation 89
4.4.3 Dimensioning of stacks with ventilation branches 89
4.5 Dimensioning of waste manifolds 90
4.6 Dimensioning examples 94
3
5 Sizing of waste and soil systems with ventilation fittings 111
5.1 Characteristics of ventilation fittings 111

5.2 Design and sizing of waste systems with ventilation fittings 113
5.2.1 Rules for the foot of the stack in waste systems with ventilation fittings 115
5.2.2 Rules governing waste stacks with ventilation fittings 119
5.2.3 Rules for branch pipes with ventilation fittings 125
5.3 Sizing examples 127
6 Sizing of rainwater drainage systems 139
6.1 Introduction 139

6.2 Calculation of rainwater flow rate 139
6.2.1 Calculation of roof surface 140
6.3 Sizing of rainwater downpipes 142
6.4 Sizing of rainwater collector pipes 144
6.5 Connection of rainwater pipes to waste and soil system 146
6.6 Sizing examples 146
7 Installation and testing 149
7.1 Transport and storage 149

7.2 Connection of pipes and fittings 150
7.2.1 Connection by butt-welding 150
7.2.2 Connection by electro-fusion sleeve 154
7.2.3 Connection by expansion socket 157
7.2.4 Connection by screw-threaded fitting 157
7.2.5 Connection by screw-threaded fitting with flange bushing 158
7.2.6 Connection by flanged fitting 159
7.2.7 Connection by threaded fitting 160
7.2.8 Connection by contraction sleeve 160
7.2.9 Connection by push-fit socket 161
7.2.10 Connection by sliding sleeve 164
7.2.11 Connection by bi-joint sleeve 165
7.3 Fire-stop sleeve 166
7.3.2 Usage restrictions, safety measurements and preservation 167
7.3.3 Installation 167
7.3.4 Normative references 168
7.4 Testing 168
7.4.1 Pressure testing 168
7.4.2 Flush test 168
7.5 Laying of sewers or non-pressure underground conduits 169
4
8 APPENDIX 171
A Definitions 171
B Flow in waste manifolds 173
C The materials 174
C.1 Polyethylene 174
C.2 Polypropylene 175
D Normative and legislative references 177
E Chemical resistance of HDPE and PP 178
F Technical informations on products 189
F.1 High-density polyethylene (PE) drainage system 189
F.2 Polypropylene (PP) drainage system 189
F.3 Triple layer push-fit waste and soil system (TRIPLUS) 189
F.4 Soundproof push-fit waste and soil system (SILERE) 189
G Measurement units 190
9 CATALOGUE 194
9.1 High density polyethylene electro-fusion waste and drainage system (HDPE) 195
9.1.1 Range 196
9.1.2 Equipment and accessories 243
9.2 Push-fit flame retardant polypropylene waste and drainage system (PP) 251
9.2.1 Range 252
9.3 Push-fit triple layer waste and drainage system (TRIPLUS) 285
9.3.1 Range 286
9.4 Push-fit soundproof waste and drainage system (SILERE) 303
9.4.1 Range 304
5
1 VALSIR WASTE SYSTEMS
1 1.1 High density polyethylene electro-fusion waste and drainage system (HDPE)
VALSIR WASTE SYSTEMS
PEHD
No scrap material.
Fast and very simple installation.
Transport and handling operations simplified thanks to the reduced dimensions and the light weight of the products.
Availability of a wide range of special parts that allow any type of installation to be carried out.
Optimum compatibility with most chemical substances normally contained in waste water, does not come under attack by micro-
organisms.
Thanks to the extremely smooth internal surfaces the pressure losses are minimum; furthermore, this guarantees the absence of
deposits or bacterial flora.
Absence of problems caused by currents.
1.1.1 Material
The pipes and fittings are produced in high density polyethylene, characteristics of which are in compliance with the European Standards
currently in force. The Valsir high density polyethylene pipes and fittings are black in colour with the addition of carbon black that ensures
an optimum resistance to exposure to the sun.
Table 1.1 Typical properties of the material.
Property Value Measurement unit Test method
Density at 23°C > 0.945 g/cm3 UNI EN ISO 1183 – 2

Melt Index 190 °C/5.0 kg < 1.1 g/10 min UNI EN ISO 1133
Modulus of elasticity 1000 MPa ISO 527 – 2
Tear unitary load 22 MPa ISO 527 – 2
Ultimate elongation ≥ 350 % ISO 6259 – 3
Carbon black content ≥ 2.0 % ASTM D 1603
Thermal stability (OIT) at 200°C ≥ 20 min EN 728
Melt temperature of crystals ≥ 130 °C EN 728
Linear heat expansion coefficent 0.20 mm/m⋅K -
Flame resistance (France) M4 Class NF P 92 – 505
Flame resistance (Germany) B2 Class DIN 4102 / DIN 19535-10
6
1.1.2 Application field
The Valsir pipes and fittings in polyethylene meet the requirements of the UNI EN 1519 Standard and can be used inside buildings destined
for residential and industrial use and in particular for the following purposes:
a) Waste pipes for domestic waste waters (low and high temperature). 1
b) Ventilation pipes connected to the waste pipes previously indicated.
c) Discharge of rain water inside the structure of the building.
The UNI EN 1519 Standard establishes different applications identified with a specific marking:

■■ The “B” marking identifies pipes and fittings used inside or outside the building but anchored to the wall. The use is limited to the S16
series, this series cannot in any case be destined to underground applications of any type.
■■ The “D” marking identifies pipes and fittings underground used below the building at a distance no greater than 1 m from the same and
connected to the building’s waste system.

■■ The “BD” marking identifies pipes and fittings destined for both uses as specified in the previous points. For this use nominal diameters
equal to or greater than 75 mm belonging to the S 12.5 series, are allowed.
1.1.3 Dimensions
The diameters, the wall thickness and relative tolerances of the Valsir pipes in high density polyethylene are indicated in the following table.
These values are in compliance with those set by the standards currently in force.
Table 1.2 Pipe dimensional characteristics.

Nominal External Minimum and maximum average
Wall thickness s
diameter DN diameter De external diameter Series s
[mm]
[mm] [mm] [mm]
32 32 32.0 32.3 3.0 +0.5

0
40 40 40.0 40.4 3.0 +0.5

0
50 50 50.0 50.5 3.0 +0.5

0
56 56 56.0 56.5 3.0 +0.5

0
60 63 63.0 63.6 3.0 +0.5

0
70 75 75.0 75.7 3.0 +0.5

0
+0.6 S 12.5
90 90 90.0 90.9 3.5 0 SDR 26
100 110 110.0 111.0 4.2 +0.7
0
125 125 125.0 126.2 4.8 +0.7

0
150 160 160.0 161.5 6.2 +0.9

0
200 200 200.0 201.8 7.7 +1.0

0
250 250 250.0 252.3 9.6 +1.2

0
315 315 315.0 317.9 12.1 +1.5

0
200 200 200.0 201.8 6.2 +0.9

0
+1.0 S 16
250 250 250.0 252.3 7.7 0 SDR 33
300 315 315.0 317.9 9.7 +1.2
0
Our HDPE range was sized in order to cover the following series: DN 32 to DN 160 falls into the S 12.5 series, whereas DN 200 to DN 315
falls into the S 12.5 and S 16 series.
7
1.1.4 Connection systems
Different methods can be used for connecting the pipes and/or fittings in polyethylene:
■■ Connection by butt-welding.
1 ■■ Connection by electro-fusion sleeves.
■■ Connection by expansion sockets.
■■ Connection by screw fittings.
■■ Connection by screw fitting and flange bushing.
■■ Connection by flanged fittings.

■■ Connection by threaded fittings.
■■ Connection by contraction sleeves.
■■ Connection by push-fit sleeves.
For more information on connections refer to the chapter “Installation and testing”.
1.1.5 Quality marks

The quality marks pertaining to the construction of Valsir high density polyethylene pipes and fittings are the following:
IT NO DK CH AT DE UK AU HU
RO FR NL SE BE ZA
1.1.6 Marking
The Valsir polyethylene pipes carry the following informations: The Valsir polyethylene fittings carry the following informations:
■■ Reference standard. ■■ The producer name.
■■ Producer name. ■■ Material (HDPE).
■■ Material (PE). ■■ The diameters and the nominal angle.
■■ Application field (B/BD). ■■ The reference standard.
■■ The pipe series. ■■ Application field (B/BD).
■■ External diameter and wall thickness.
■■ The production line.
■■ The factory.
■■ Production period.
■■ The quality marks obtained in the various countries.
1.1.7 Packaging
To facilitate the transport and warehousing operations of the Valsir pipes and fittings the packaging is arranged as follows.
- Pipes in light reinforced brackets.
- Fittings in cardboard boxes.
8
1.2 Push-fit flame retardant polypropylene waste and drainage system (PP)

PP
Totally waterproof seals thanks to the two lip elastomeric seal with support ring.
No tools or particular utensils necessary.
Fast an easy installation, transport and warehousing operations facilitated by the reduced sizes and the light weight of the
products.
Availability of a wide range of special pieces, all push-fit which allow any type of system to be created.
Optimum compatibility with most chemical substances that are normally present in waste waters, does not come under attack by
micro-organisms.
Thanks to the extremely smooth internal surfaces the pressure losses are minimum; furthermore they guarantee the absence of
deposits or bacterial flora.
Absence of problems caused by currents.
1.2.1 Material
The Valsir pipes and fittings in flame-retardant polypropylene are produced with a grey (RAL 7037) homo-polymer polypropylene which is
stabilized for exposure to UV rays. They are smooth, shiny and free of irregularities that would otherwise compromise the functional aspect.
Property Value Measurement unit Test method

Melt Index 230/2.16 < 3.0 g/10 min UNI EN ISO 1133
Tear unitary load ≥ 22 MPa ISO 527 – 2
Temperature Vicat B (50N) 95 °C ISO 306
Linear heat expansion coefficient 0.11 mm/m⋅K -
Flame resistance (France) M1 Class NF P 92–505 NF P 92–501
Flame resistance (Germany) B1 Class DIN 4102–1 DIN 19560–10
9
The Valsir pipes and fittings in polypropylene meet the requirements of the UNI EN 1451 Standard and can be used inside buildings destined
for residential and industrial use and in particular for the following purposes:
1 a) Waste pipes for domestic waste waters (low and high temperature).
b) Ventilation pipes connected to the waste pipes previously indicated.
c) Discharge of rain water inside the structure of the building.
The UNI EN 1451 Standard establishes different applications identified with a specific marking:
■■ The “B” marking identifies pipes and fittings used inside or outside the building anchored to the wall. The use is limited to the S 20 series,
this series cannot in any case be destined to underground applications of any type.
■■ The “BD” marking identifies pipes and fittings destined for use both inside the building and underground in the area of the building
structure. For this use nominal diameters equal to or greater than 75 mm are allowed.
1.2.3 Dimensions
The nominal diameters, the nominal wall thickness and relative tolerances of the Valsir polypropylene pipes are indicated in the following
table. These values are in compliance with those set by the standards currently in force.
Table 1.4 Dimensional characteristics of the pipes.

Nominal External Minimum and maximum average
Wall thickness s
diameter DN diameter De external diameter Series S
[mm]
[mm] [mm] [mm]
32 32 32.0 32.3 1.8 +0.4

0
40 40 40.0 40.3 1.8 +0.4

0
50 50 50.0 50.3 1.8 +0.4

0
70 75 75.0 75.4 1.9 +0.4

0
S 20
90 90 90.0 90.4 2.2 +0.5
0
100 110 110.0 110.4 2.7 +0.5

0
125 125 125.0 125.4 3.1 +0.6

0
150 160 160.0 160.5 3.9 +0.6

0

Different methods can be used for connecting the pipes and/or fittings in polypropylene:
■■ Connection with push-fit socket.
■■ Connection with a slip sleeve.
Jointing of polypropylene pipes and fittings is by push-fit sockets that incorporate special rubber seals thus ensuring a perfectly water tight
connection. The elastomeric seals are factory-fitted in a groove inside the connection socket. This rubber seal guarantees a safer seal
when the pipe is oval or has been misaligned; slight slopes are also acceptable with these rubber seals. The seals are made of materials
that guarantee optimum seal functionality and safety as well as the same service life as the pipes and fittings. In terms of dimensions,
requirements, test method and frequency they fully meet German Standard DIN 4060 “Pipe joint assemblies with elastomeric seals for use
in drains and sewers”. The production of seals for special articles carries the mark of Perizia Edile di Berlino PA-I (D). The polypropylene
pipe lengths 150, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000 mm are supplied with just one socket. Valsir also supplies pipes with two sockets
(except for De 90 with lengths of 500 and 750 and De 160) starting with the 500 mm length, to avoid material wastage, and pipes without
sockets in lengths of 5000 mm for diameters up to De 125. The dimensional characteristics of the sockets are indicated as follows.
For more information on connection methods please refer to the chapter “Installation and testing”.
10
Figure 1.1 Dimensional characteristics of the push-fit socket.
e2
α e
1
De ds
© 2010 Valsir S.p.A.
A C

Table 1.5 Socket dimensions.
External diameter Socket diameter Wall thickness
Length Amin Length Cmax
De Angle α dsmin e2,min
[mm] [mm]
[mm] [mm] [mm]
32 15° 32.3 1.6 24 18
40 15° 40.3 1.6 26 18
50 15° 50.3 1.6 28 18
75 15° 75.4 1.7 33 18
90 15° 90.4 2.0 34 20
100 15° 110.4 2.4 36 22
125 15° 125.4 2.8 38 26
160 15° 160.5 3.5 41 32
1.2.5 Quality marks

The quality marks obtained for the construction of Valsir polypropylene pipes and fittings are the following:
RU IT DE AT RO FR CZ UA HU
BY
1.2.6 Marking
The Valsir polypropylene pipes carry the following informations: The Valsir polypropylene fittings carry the following informations:
■■ Producer name. ■■ Producer name.
■■ Material (PP-H). ■■ Material (PP-H).
■■ The standard reference. ■■ Connection diameters.
■■ The application area (B). ■■ Characteristic angle (for bends and branches).
■■ The external diameter and wall thickness. ■■ Standard reference.
■■ Production period. ■■ Application field.
■■ Production line. ■■ Product marks.
■■ The product mark. ■■ Production period.
11
1.2.7 Packaging
To facilitate the transport and warehousing operations of the Valsir pipes and fittings the packaging is arranged as follows.
1 Pipes:
- In reinforced wooden brackets for large packages.
- In piles tied together with plastic elements.
- In cardboard boxes for short lengths and reduced diameters.
Fittings:
- In cardboard boxes.
12
1.3 Push-fit triple layer waste and drainage system

High impact resistance even at low temperatures.
Resistance to a vast range of chemical compounds even at elevated temperatures.
Coupling system with pre-fitted single-lipped seal.
Excellent soundproofing characteristics: thanks to its characteristics the Triplus system boasts noise levels of 12 dB(A) with flows
of 2 l/s.
The pipes are available in various lengths and with two sockets thus greatly reducing wastage.
Colour RAL 5015.
1.3.1 Material
The Triplus pipes are composed of three layers: an internal layer in copolymer polypropylene (PP), an intermediate layer in polypropylene
with inert mineral loads.
Property Value Measurement unit Testing method

Melt Index 230/2.16 < 5.0 g/10 min UNI EN ISO 1133
Linear thermal expansion coefficient 0.08 mm/m⋅K -
Noise level* Lsc,A at 2 l/s flow rate 12 dB(A) UNI EN 14366
* For more details on the results and the noise measurements refer to “Noise in waste systems”.

The Valsir Triplus pipes and fittings meet the requirements of the UNI EN 1451 Standard and can be used inside buildings (application area
B) for residential and industrial use and in particular for the following applications:
a) Waste systems for transporting domestic waste waters (low and high temperature).
b) Ventilation pipes connected to the waste systems previously indicated.
c) Rain water systems inside the structure of the building.
13
1.3.3 Dimensions
The diameters, the wall thickness and the relative tolerances of the Triplus pipes are indicated in the following table.
1 Tabella 1.7 Pipe dimensional characteristics.

Nominal diameter External diameter Minimum and maximum average
Wall thickness s
DN De external diameter
[mm]
[mm] [mm] [mm]
30 32 32.0 32.3 1.8 +0.4

0
40 40 40.0 40.3 1.8 +0.4

0
50 50 50.0 50.3 1.8 +0.4

0
70 75 75.0 75.4 2.6 +0.5

0
90 90 90.0 90.4 3.1 +0.6

0
100 110 110.0 110.4 3.4 +0.6

0
125 125 125.0 125.4 3.9 +0.6

0
150 160 160.0 160.5 4.9 +0.7

0
200 200 200.0 200.5 6.2 +0.6

0
250 250 250.0 250.5 7.7 +0.8

0

Different methods can be used for connecting the pipes and/or fittings:
■■ Connection with push-fit socket.
■■ Connection with sliding sleeve.
The Triplus pipes and fittings sockets incorporate a factory-fitted single lipped seal in a special groove.
The single lipped elastomeric seals are inserted in a special groove that ensures a perfectly water-tight seal, safety and easy insertion.
The seals have the same service life as the pipe and fittings. The seal dimensions, requirements, technology and control frequency thereof
all meet the German Standard DIN 4060 “Pipe joint assemblies with elastomeric seals for use in drains and sewers”.
1.3.5 Quality marks

The quality marks obtained for the construction of Triplus pipes and fittings are the following:
TGM
GEPRÜFT
RU DE AT UA DK NO
14
1.3.6 Marking
The Valsir Triplus pipes carry the following informations: The Valsir Triplus fittings carry the following informations:
■■ Brand name Triplus. ■■ Brand name Triplus. 1

■■ Material (PP/PP-M/PP). ■■ Material (PP-M).
■■ The external diameter and wall thickness. ■■ Connection diameters.
■■ The application area (B). ■■ The application area (B).
■■ Production period. ■■ Characteristic angle (for bends and branches).

■■ Production line. ■■ Production period.
■■ The product marks.
1.3.7 Packaging
For easy and correct storage, the packaging is arranged as follows.
Pipes:
- In reinforced wooden brackets for large packs.
- In piles tied with plastic elements.
- In cardboard boxes for short pipes and reduced diameters.
Fittings:
- In cardboard boxes.
15
1.4 Push-fit soundproof waste and drainage system
1
Excellent soundproofing characteristics. Thanks to its structure the Silere system guarantees a significant soundproofing
performance with flow rates of 2 l/s the noise levels are just 6 dB(A).
Elevated mechanical resistance. The Silere system is made up of pipes and fittings with a large wall thickness. They are therefore
extremely robust, and with equal loads they undergo less deformations than normal waste systems currently available.
Elevated corrosion resistance. The Silere fittings resist corrosion by acids, oxidizing agents and inorganic reducers.
The Silere pipes possess extremely smooth internal and external surfaces free from scale so that waste systems that are installed
with Silere possess low pressure losses and are free from the formation of incrustations.
The Silere waste system resists hot water in compliance with the German Standard DIN 1986 (working field from 0° to 95°C).
The Silere waste system can transport waste waters with pH values between 2 and 12.
The pipes are available in various lengths thus permitting the reduction of waste to a minimum.
1.4.1 Material
The Silere pipes and fittings are made of polypropylene with a mineral load that resists water at elevated temperatures. Light grey in colour
RAL 7035.
Property Value Measurement Unit Test method
Density at 23°C 1.60 g/cm3 UNI EN ISO 1183 – 2

Elasticity modulus 2800 MPa ISO 527 – 2
Crystal melting temperature ≥ 160 °C EN 728
Linear heat expansion coefficient 0.08 mm/m⋅K -
Noise level* L sc,A at 2 l/s flow rate 6 dB(A) UNI EN 14366
* For more details on the results and the noise measurements refer to “Noise in waste systems”.
16
The Silere waste system including pipes, fittings and sealing elements is suitable for the transport and the discharge of waters with pH
values between 2 and 12 and a maximum temperature of 95°C. Given the elevated soundproofing characteristics it can be applied in all
systems where it is necessary to respect the legislative requirements concerning acoustic pollution. In order to guarantee the excellent 1
levels of silence of the systems it is necessary to use soundproofing clips equipped with anti-vibration rubber.
The Silere pipes and fittings meet the requirements of the UNI EN 1451 Standard and can be used inside buildings (application area B) for
residential and industrial use and in particular the following purposes:
a) Waste systems for transporting domestic waste waters (low and high temperature).

b) Ventilation pipes connected to the waste systems previously indicated.
c) Rain water system inside the structure of the building.
1.4.3 Dimensions
The diameters, wall thickness and relative tolerances of the Silere pipes are indicated in the following table:
Table 1.9 Dimensional characteristics of the pipes.

Nominal diameter External diameter Minimum and maximum average
Wall thickness s
DN De external diameter
[mm]
[mm] [mm] [mm]
50 58 58.0 58.3 4.0 +0.5

0
70 78 78.0 78.3 4.5 +0.5

0
90 90 90.0 90.4 4.5 +0.6

0
100 110 110.0 110.4 5.4 +0.7

0
125 135 135.0 135.4 5.6 +0.7

0
150 160 160.0 160.5 5.6 +0.7

0

Silere pipes and/or fittings use a number of connection methods:
■■ Connection by means of push-fit fitting.
■■ Connection by means of a sliding sleeve.
■■ Connection by means of a bi-joint sleeve.
The Silere pipe and fitting sockets incorporate a factory-fitted single lipped seal inserted in a special groove.
The single-lipped elastomeric seals are inserted in a special groove that ensures a perfectly water-tight seal and safety and easy insertion.
The seals have the same service life as the pipes and fittings. The seal dimensions, requirements, technology and control frequency thereof
all meet the German Standard DIN 4060 “Pipe joint assemblies with elastomeric seals for use in drains and sewers”.
1.4.5 Quality marks

The quality marks obtained for the construction of Silere pipes and fittings are the following:
TGM
GEPRÜFT
DK AT HU AU SE NO BY
17
1.4.6 Marking
The Valsir Silere pipes carry the following informations: The Valsir Silere fittings carry the following informations:
1 ■■ Brand name Silere. ■■ Brand name Silere.
■■ The external diameter and wall thickness. ■■ Connection diameters.
■■ The product marks. ■■ Characteristic angle (for bends and branches).
■■ Production batch. ■■ Production period.
■■ Factory. ■■ The product marks.
■■ Production date.
1.4.7 Packaging
For easy and correct storage, the packaging is arranged as follows:
Pipes:
- In reinforced wooden brackets for large packs.
- In shrink film for short pipes.
Fittings:
- In shrink film.
18
2 Noise in waste systems
2.1 Introduction
Noise is one of the main causes of the reduction in the quality of life in cities today. In fact, although the tendency in individual environments
shows a fall in the highest levels of noise in areas at greater risk, there has been a parallel amplification of trouble areas that has resulted
in the increase of the population exposed.
Noise pollution is the most widely debated argument today, however, the tendency is to analyse the causes of external noise such as,
for example, air and road traffic and to underestimate and overlook the causes of internal noise in buildings caused by technological
installations such as, lifts, heating and air-conditioning, and waste systems, which is the subject of this document. 2
To overlook the problem of “noise” in waste systems means, however, to ignore the Standards and Regulations in force that establish the
project boundaries and the restrictions in noise levels. If we focus our attention on the Italian market, the reference document regarding
the limits in noise levels for technological installations is the Decree dated December 5 1997 published in the Official Paper No. 297 on
NOISE IN WASTE SYSTEMS

December 22 1997 that will be dealt with in the following chapters.
2.2 Sound
Sound is the propagation of mechanical energy in a medium (elastic solid, gas or liquid) through fluctuation waves (sonorous waves) that
propagate at a typical speed depending on the medium.
Table 2.1 Sound propagation velocity.

Velocity c
Medium
[m/s]
Air 331
Helium 970
Hydrogen 1269
Oxygen 317
Water 1441
Salt water (marine) 1504
Methyl alcohol 1240
Bricks 3700
Cement 3100
Glass 6000
Lead 1200
Aluminium 5200
Marble 3800
Ice 3200
Cork 500
Mahogany 4000
Birch wood 3600
Hard rubber 1400
Soft rubber 70
The velocity in a gaseous medium is given by:
c = R T [2.1]
where γ is the ratio between the specific heat at a constant pressure and the specific heat at a constant volume (for air in standard
conditions it is equal to 1.4), R is the characteristic constant of the gas and T is the absolute temperature [K].
In particular, for air, the equation in relation to the temperature in degrees centigrade [°C], becomes:
c = 331.4 + 0.62 T [2.2]
19
The velocity in a liquid or in a solid is given by:
c = E [2.3]
where E is the elastic modulus and ρ is the density.
A sound wave is characterised by a wave length λ (measured in m) and a frequency f (measured in Hz) that are connected to the velocity
of propagation in the medium c (measured in m/s).
c = f [2.4]
2
Not all sounds that exist in nature can be heard by the human ear. The field of sounds that can be heard by man is limited to a frequency
range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz approximately. We therefore define:
■■ Infrasounds as pressure oscillations with frequencies below 20 Hz, that therefore cannot be heard by the human ear.
■■ Sounds as pressure oscillations with frequencies between 20 Hz and 20 kHz.

■■ Ultrasounds as pressure oscillations with frequencies above 20 kHz, that therefore can be heard by the human ear.
The sound intensity is the quantity of power J transported by the sound wave per surface unit perpendicular to the propagation direction
and it is represented by the following relation:
peff2
J = [2.5]
c
where ρ is the density of the medium in which the sound is propagated [kg/m3].
The absolute sound intensity is not easy to measure, it is therefore preferable to measure the relative intensity of a sound that is to measure
in Bell or in tenths of a Bell (dB). The dB is a value that indicates the logarithm on a base of 10 of the ratio between the intensity J (or the
pressure p or the power W) of a sound and the reference intensity J0(or the pressure p0or the power W0). The following are some definitions.
The sound pressure level:
2
p
( )
L p = 20 log10 p p0 = 10 log10
p0
[2.6]
The sound intensity level:
(
L J = 10 log10 J J0 ) [2.7]
The level of sound power:
(
L W = 10 log10 W W0 ) [2.8]
where p0 = 2·10-5 Pa corresponds to the lowest pressure perceptible by the human ear at a frequency of 1000 Hz, J0 = 10-12 W/m2 corresponds
to the sound intensity of a sound wave the pressure of which is equal to the minimum threshold of hearing p0e W0 = 10-12 W corresponds to
the power of a source that produces on a spherical surface of 1 m2 the pressure equal to the minimum hearing threshold p0.
The use of the dB as a measurement unit has some advantages:

■■ The dB is the smallest difference of sound power that can be detected by the human ear.
■■ The variability of acoustic pressures is very wide and the use of the logarithmic scale limits the scale thus simplifying it.
20
2.3 Noise and its measurement
Noise can be defined in different ways:
■■ From a physical point of view it is the irrational mixing of sounds with different frequencies and intensities.
■■ From a psychological point of view it is any type of unwanted sound (ANSI definition) or an acoustic phenomena that produces a hearing
sensation considered unpleasant.
To measure noise levels phonometers are employed, and with such instruments it is possible to determine the noise intensity in dB.
Since the sensitivity of the human ear depends on the noise frequency (a sound of 20 dB is below the hearing threshold if issued at 100 Hz
whereas it can be heard if issued at 2500 Hz), the measurement of the noise intensity must be “contemplated” to keep in consideration
the different response of the human ear. 2
For this reason the level of noise is expressed as 10 times the decimal logarithm of the sum of the squares of the ratios between the
components pi of the noise pressure (measured at different frequencies) and the reference pressure p0:
2
p

L = 10 log10 ki i [2.9]
p0
The weights Ki assigned to each pressure component define the contemplation curve that can be of the A, B and C type. The A type curve
is the one that most commonly takes into consideration the response of the human ear and therefore such observations are indicated with
the symbol dB(A).
The following table gives an idea of the noise levels in relation to the source:
Table 2.2 Noise levels.
Level in dB(A) Description
0 Hearing threshold
20 Whispered voice
40 Quiet office
60 Normal conversation
80 Car, orchestra
100 The inside of a car at 120 km/h
120 Pneumatic drill (pain threshold)
140 Plane
In the case of several noise sources, the total level is not given by the sum of the single levels expressed in dB but by expressing in dB the
sum of the squares of the noise pressures. To clarify this concept an example will be made.
Let us consider 2 sources of noise 80 dB each and we need to evacuate the total level of noise. The levels of noise pressure of the sources
are given by the following expression:
2
p
L = 10 log10 = 80 dB [2.10]
p0
from which, by inverting it, we get:
2
L
p
= 10 10 = 108 [2.11]
p0
The sum of the levels of pressure is given by the sum of the squares of the noise pressures and therefore:
2 2
p p
L tot = 10 log10
p0
+
p0
( )
= 10 log10 108 +108 = 83 dB [2.12]
21
This means that doubling the noise power (or intensity) is the same as increasing the noise levels by 3 dB or differences of 3 dB are equal
to noise sources with noise energies (or intensities) that are double compared to the other.
Let’s now suppose that we halve the noise power (or intensity) and we want to evaluate the reduction in dB. If we consider the same noise
pressure corresponding to 80 dB and we halve it, we obtain:
2
1 p
L tot = 10 log10
2 p0
( )
= 10 log10 0.5 108 = 77 dB [2.13]
This means that halving the noise power (or intensity) is the equivalent of reducing the levels of noise by 3 dB.
2 And what happens if we multiply the noise energy (or intensity) by a factor of ten?
2
p
L tot = 10 log10 10
p0
( )
= 10 log10 10 108 = 90 dB [2.14]
the noise levels are increased by 10 dB!
The concepts just dealt with are clearly shown in the curve in Figure 2.1 where we see that:
■■ Doubling the sound power is equivalent to increasing the noise levels by 3 dB.
■■ Multiplying the sound power by a factor of ten is equivalent to increasing the noise levels by 10 dB.
■■ Halving the sound power is the equivalent of reducing the noise levels by 3 dB.
Figure 2.1 Difference in dB between two sound sources with sound energies of W1 and W2 (or intensity J1 and J2).
dB 15
+10 dB
10
W2 = 10 W1
+3 dB W2 = 2 W1
0
5 10 15 20 25 30 W2/W1
-3 dB W2 = 0,5 W1
-5
-10 © 2010 Valsir S.p.A.
22
2.4 Noise in buildings and Italian legislation
In recent years there has been an increase in the problems relating to noise emissions produced inside buildings that involve different
aspects from urban development to constructions techniques, from the distribution of rooms to the level of silence of plumbing systems.
Respect for the conditions of acoustic well-being in homes but also in the workplace has become an essential requirement in buildings.
Surroundings can be considered satisfactory from the point of view of acoustic comfort when the noise that the inhabitants have to support
is such as not to create damage to their health and to allow adequate conditions for relaxation and for work.
The sources of noise that influence life inside buildings are multiple:
■■ External noises caused by automobile traffic, airplanes, etc.
■■ Noises caused by walking, by children playing or by particular lifestyles (diffusion of music or televisions at full volume, the use of musical 2
instruments), etc.
■■ Noises caused by installations such as air-conditioners, heating systems, pumps, drains, etc.

Figure 2.2 Noises in households.
Air traffic noise External noise
High volume
music
Installation
noise
Internal
sources
Walking
Children noise
playing
External Car traffic

noise noise
Installation
noise
End their propagation mode can be:

■■ By air, when the sound waves, either directly or through partition walls, are transmitted from the source to the listener;
■■ Structurally, when the sound waves that reach the listener, are generated by blows and vibrations produced on the structures of the
building in which the disturbed room is located.
Figure 2.3 The propagation of noise in households.
23
The legislative document that establishes the fundamental principles for the protection of the household surroundings from acoustic
pollution (according to and to the effect of article 117 of the Constitution) is the ordinary law of Parliament n. 447 dated 26/10/1995 also
known as “The Law on acoustical pollution” (published on the Ordinary Supplement of the Official Gazette n. 254 dated 30/10/1995).
The law, with the intent of systematically regulating the subject of noise in buildings, has seen to the diffusion of documents for:
a) the definition of the authorities and the control organs;
b) the determination of the detection and measurement techniques of acoustic pollution;
c) the definition of the criteria for the design, execution and the renovation of building constructions;
d) the determination of the passive acoustic requirements and their components with the aim of reducing the human exposure to noise.
2 Point d) of the abovementioned list was confronted by the Decree of the President of the Ministers dated 5 December 1997 (published in the
Official Gazette n. 297 dated 22 December 1997) which, with the objective of reducing the human exposure to noise, establishes that:
1) the acoustic requirements of the internal sources of noise (technological systems),
2) the passive acoustic requirements of buildings and their working components (vertical and horizontal partitions).
In particular, the noise level of technological systems (services) must respect the following limits:
■■ L ASmax ≤ 35 dB(A) for intermittently operating services (lifts, drains, bathrooms, hygienic services and taps).
■■ L Aeq ≤ 25 dB(A) for continuously operating services (heating systems, aeration and conditioning).
Noise measurement must be carried out in the room with the most elevated level of noise and this room must not be the same as the room
where the noise originates.
Figure 2.4 Measurement of the noise levels of installations.
Technical room (cavity)
Measuring room
The decree classifies the rooms in relation to the destined use according to the following table:
Table 2.3 Classification of household rooms (D.P.C.M. 5/12/1997).
Category Destined use
A Residential buildings or similar

B Office buildings or similar
C Buildings for hotels, guesthouses or similar
D Buildings for hospitals, clinics, or similar
E School buildings or similar
F Buildings for recreation or worship, or similar
G Buildings for commercial activities, or similar
24
And for each type of room, establishes, not only the restrictions on the technological installations, but also the sizes that determine the
passive acoustical requirements of the building components and the internal sound sources. From the following table it can be seen that
the soundproofing power of walls, acoustical insulation of front walls and walking noise are taken into consideration.
Table 2.4 Limits established for each type of building (D.P.C.M. 5/12/1997).
Equivalent
Apparent sound Facade Maximum level of
continuous level
proofing power of standardised Normalised level sound pressure
of sound pressure
Category room separation acoustic of walking noise for technological
for technological
elements insulation installations
insulations
Rw
D2m,nT,w LnT,w L ASmax L Aeq
2
Hospitals 55 45 58 35 25

Residences, hotels 50 40 63 35 35
and guesthouses
Schools 50 48 58 35 25
Offices, places
of worship, 50 42 55 35 35
recreational and
shopping activities
25
2.5 The acoustic performance of the Valsir waste pipes
In 1997 Valsir started a difficult undertaking in the research and verification of the acoustic insulation capacity of pipes destined for use
in the waste systems of buildings. The tests carried out in the Fraunhofer Institut fur Bauphysik in Stuttgart, recognised as being the best
laboratory for acoustic tests, evaluated the sound absorption capacity of the products and determined whether they met the requirements
of the laws and standards in force. The testing campaign, the last tests of which were carried out in July 2006, achieved excellent results
and allowed interesting comparisons to be carried out between the various product lines manufactured in the Valsir factories.
2.5.1 The test methods

The reference standards used for the tests are UNI EN 14366:2004 and DIN 4109:1989 (together with DIN 52219:1993) that specify the
2 measurement methods and the evaluation of the results. The test building is made up of a completely insulated room with thick walls made
of a sound absorbing material of high quality. It is a real buildings with four floors (with an internal height of 3050 mm), two of which,
indicated in the figure as EG and UG, are the reference floors for noise detection divided by a wall made of concrete with a weight of
220 kg/m2 (250 kg/m2 for the European Standard UNI EN 14366) to which a waste stack is anchored. The measurement floors are each
divided into two rooms: the front room is where the pipe is installed, the back room contains no installation and picks up the noise vibrations
transferred to the partition wall; the back rooms have a volume of 70.4 m3 (surface area of about 23 m2) while the front rooms are 52.6 m3
(surface area of about 17 m2).
Figure 2.5 Layout of test system.
Partition wall
DG
Ceiling
EG EG
Ground floor Ground floor
rear front
UG UG
Underground floor Underground floor
rear front
KG
Cellar
The waste flow (continuous) is ensured by means of a pumping station that guarantees a precision of 5% and which supplies different levels
of flow in relation to the internal diameter of the pipe as can be seen in Table 2.5 The acoustic pressure levels are measured in third octaves
with frequencies from 100 Hz to 5000 Hz.
Table 2.5 Measurement flow in relation to the dimensions of the waste pipe to be tested.
Internal diameter of the pipe
70 ≤ Di < 100 100 ≤ Di < 125 125 ≤ Di < 150
[mm]
Measurement flows [l/s] 0.5 - 1 0.5 - 1 - 2 - 4 0.5 - 1 - 2 - 4 - 8
26
2.5.2 The results
The testing campaign involved numerous tests being carried out in 1997, 1998, 2004 and 2006 and the excellent results obtained following
the development of the Silere and Triplus waste systems are indicated in the diagrams and tables which follow. The tests were carried
out both with 2 clips per floor and with 1 clip per floor as the latter represents the typical installation configuration in residential
buildings. Consider that the values obtained were rounded up to whole numbers as requested by the reference standards.
Table 2.6 Levels of noise pressure expressed in dB(A) measured on the ground floor behind the installation wall for Silere pipe 110x5.6 in compliance with DIN
4109 and UNI EN 14366. The results were obtained by the Fraunhofer Institute in Stuttgart, using acoustically insulated pipe clips.
Flow rate [l/s]
Pipe Reference standard Test certificate Anchorage 0.5 1 2 4 2
Levels of noise pressure dB(A)
UNI EN 14366 P-BA 223/2006 2 clips per floor -2 1 6 14
Silere DIN 4109 P-BA 221/2006 2 clips per floor 1 4 8 17

DIN 4109 P-BA 222/2006 1 clip per floor -1 2 6 14
Table 2.7 Levels of noise pressure expressed in dB(A) measured on the ground floor behind the installation wall for Triplus 110x3.6 in compliance with DIN 4109
and UNI EN 14366. The results were obtained by the Fraunhofer Institute in Stuttgart, using acoustically insulated pipe clips.
Flow rate [l/s]
Pipe Reference standard Test certificate Anchorage 0.5 1 2 4
Levels of noise pressure dB(A)
UNI EN 14366 P-BA 227/2006 2 clips per floor 1 6 12 16
Triplus DIN 4109 P-BA 225/2006 2 clips per floor 3 8 12 19
DIN 4109 P-BA 226/2006 1 clip per floor 1 5 10 16
Figure 2.6 Layout of the test system with 2 clips per floor. Figure 2.7 Layout of the test system with 1 clip per floor.
© 2010 Valsir S.p.A. © 2010 Valsir S.p.A.
27
It can be observed that by eliminating an anchor clip the levels of sound pressure in the measurement room located behind the installation
wall of the waste stack are reduced by several dB. This behaviour is due to the fact that the vibrations that are transferred to the installation
wall through the clips are reduced. Negative values correspond to very low sound pressure levels that are not detected by the human ear
and are near to the detection threshold of the laboratory instruments (for more details see chapter 2.2).
For flow rates of 1 l/s (typical discharge of a dishwasher or a bathtub) and for flow rates of 2 l/s (typical discharge of a WC with a 7.5 l
cistern) the Silere waste system is more silent than the Triplus waste system by 6 dB(A) (values relative to the UNI EN 14366 standard)
which is the equivalent of reducing by more than half the levels of sound pressure. Triplus therefore is an optimum waste system with
excellent soundproofing characteristics but the top of the range is undoubtedly Silere which enables the achievement of levels that would
2 be difficult to reach by other waste systems on the market.
Figure 2.8 Levels of noise pressure Lsc,A expressed in dB(A) measured on the ground floor behind the installation wall for Silere pipe 110x5.6 and Triplus pipe
110x3.6 in compliance with UNI EN 14366. The results were obtained by the Fraunhofer Institute in Stuttgart using acoustically insulated pipe clips (certificate
P-BA 223/2006 for Silere and certificate P-BA 227/2006 for Triplus).
18
Silere
16 Triplus
16
14
14
12
12
Level of noise pressure LSC,A [dB(A)]
10
6
6 6
1 1
0
-2 © 2010 Valsir S.p.A.

-2
0,5 1 2 4
Discharge flow rate [l/s]
Similar tests were carried out with the objective of evaluating the difference between the noise levels of the Silere system, traditional
systems in polypropylene (PP) and those in cast iron. The results achieved are shown in the following diagram and table and demonstrate
the difference in the noise levels compared to those obtained with cast iron expressed in dB(A).
28
Table 2.8 Difference in the levels of noise pressure Lsc,A expressed in dB(A) measured on the ground floor behind the installation wall for Silere pipes 110x5.6 and
Polypropylene pipes 110x2.7 compared with the levels of noise of cast iron 100x3.5 in compliance with DIN 4109. The results were obtained by the Fraunhofer
Institute in Stuttgart, using acoustically insulated pipe clips (certificate P-BA 113/2004e).
Flow rate [l/s]
Pipe 0.5 1 2 4
Difference in the levels of noise pressure dB(A) compared with cast iron pipes
Cast iron Reference
Polypropylene (PP) + 50% + 44% + 25% + 8%
Silere - 8% - 6% + 5% + 4%
2
It is evident from the test results that the soundproofing performance of Silere pipes is very similar to that of cast iron. With flow rates of
2 and 4 l/s the difference is +1 dB(A), 4 to 5% but with flow rates of 0.5 and 1 l/s the difference is negative thus making Silere one of the
best performing soundproofing waste systems.
As revealed in previous paragraphs, the specific weight of the product plays an important role in achieving good levels of soundproofing;

the specific weight of cast iron is 7.2 g/cm3 whereas Silere is 1.6 g/cm3; the soundproofing values obtained are due to the elasticity of the
material and its molecular structure.
Figure 2.9 Percentage difference of the sound pressure levels Lsc,A measured on the ground floor behind the installation wall for Silere pipe diameter 110x5.6
and polypropylene diameter (PP) 110x2.7 relative to the noise levels of cast iron pipe diameter 100x3.5 to DIN 4109. The results were obtained by the Fraunhofer
Institute in Stuttgart using soundproofing pipe clips (certificate P-BA 113/2004e).
60
Silere
polypropylene (PP)
50
40
Percentage differences of sound pressure levels [%]
30
+50%
+44%
20
+25%
10
+8%
+5%
+4%
Cast iron
reference 0
-6%
-8%

-10
0,5 1 2 4
Discharge flow rate [l/s]
29
2.6 Acoustics in the planning of soil and waste systems
2.6.1 Introduction
Acoustics in the design of soil and waste systems must first of all identify the cause of noise inside the systems; it is extremely important
to locate the critical points within the system and adopt measures that will dampen noise transmission which can be both airborne or
structure-born.
Figure 2.10 Airborne sound from a waste stack.
2
Figure 2.11 Structure-borne sound from a waste stack that is anchored with an anti-vibration pipe clip.
30
Waste systems are characterised by airborne and structure-borne sound; it is therefore necessary to adopt measures in planning and
installation aimed at reducing both.
To reduce air-borne sound the pipework must be insulated acoustically by placing walls between the pipework and the room in which the
noise impact needs to the dampened (soundproofing). In this case, the type of partition wall, and in particular, its weight, are key elements
in efficient soundproofing.
Figure 2.12 Reduction of airborne noise of a waste stack with a technical cavity wall.

Cavity wall
To reduce structure-borne noise that is generated by a waste system it is necessary to insulate the piping from the building structure by
using pipe clips equipped with anti-vibration rubber. These clips act as springs thus reducing the vibrations that the pipe tends to transfer
to the walls. The construction characteristics of the clip are therefore of fundamental importance; insufficient elasticity of the rubber lining,
for example, or excessively tight anchoring of the pipe can compromise the acoustic performance of the system.
Figure 2.13 Reduction of structure-born noise of a waste stack with anti-vibration pipe clips.
Anti-vibration clip
31
2.6.2 Noise in waste systems
When a waste system is operating, noises originate inside the pipe, which then starts to vibrate due to the fall of the discharged liquid,
which:
■■ Hits against the walls of the vertical stack.
■■ Hits against the walls of the horizontal pipes due to changes in direction.
■■ Can suck air upstream thus pressurizing the air downstream (siphoning).
Greater part of the noise is produced inside the pipe itself but the vibrations generated are transmitted from the pipe walls to the surrounding
area and to the bracketing systems and consequently the building structure.
2 Noise propagation inside a waste system therefore depends on: Figure 2.14 Noise transmission in waste systems.
■■ The characteristics of the pipe clips.
■■ The changes in direction.
■■ The absence or under-sizing of ventilation systems.

■■ The composition of the building structure.

But also on the propensity of the pipe to vibrate and this depends on Figure 2.15 Influence of structure and pipe clips on noise levels.
its structural characteristics and in particular:
■■ Its mass.
■■ Its elasticity, which depends on its modulus of elasticity and its
geometry.
■■ Its dampening capacity which depends on the pipe structure (use
of several materials).
By way of summary, in order to dampen the level of noise caused by Figure 2.16 Influence of pipe on noise levels.
waste systems, it is advisable to:
■■ Choose a pipe with good soundproofing characteristics.
■■ Make sure planning is carried out correctly.
■■ Make sure installation is carried out correctly by using
suitable products.
32
2.6.3 Acoustic design
In planning waste and soil systems several architectural acoustics criteria for controlling the noise produced by systems need to be
followed. Whether these criteria can be applied or not, obviously depends on the structure and geometry of the property and it is therefore
strongly recommended consulting those involved in architectural engineering.
■■ Sanitary fixtures and relative waste pipes must be positioned in cavity walls that are not adjacent to bedrooms or living rooms.
■■ It is advisable to create technical cavity walls in which the waste pipes are installed and to position them in the same area as the sanitary
fixtures.
■■ The sanitary fixtures of each floor must be positioned above each other in order to reduce the necessity of stack offsets, which are a
source of noise. 2
■■ If the above is not possible, then measures must be taken to protect against the noise by increasing the acoustic insulation of the
installation walls and the pipes themselves.

Figure 2.17 Positioning of technical cavity walls for pipework installation.
CORRECT NOT RECOMMENDED
Technical cavity wall of the Technical cavity wall between
kitchen on the external perimeter the kitchen and the bedroom
Kitchen Bedroom
Kitchen Bedroom
Living room
Living room
Bathroom CORRECT
Bathroom NOT RECOMMENDED Technical cavity wall of
Technical cavity wall the bathrooms on the
between the bathroom and external perimeter
the bedroom
Living room Bedroom Bathroom
CORRECT
Technical cavity © 2010 Valsir S.p.A. Living room
Kitchen
between the bathroom CORRECT
and the kitchen of the Technical cavity wall of
same dwelling unit the kitchen on the Bedroom
xternal perimeter
Kitchen Bedroom
Bathroom
■■ P ositioning of the pipes inside the technical cavity wall must be on the thickest wall and possibly in the corner. The installation of pipes
on thin walls and above all in the centre of the wall can favour the diffusion of structural noise due to vibrations in the wall.
Figure 2.18 Installation of pipework in the technical cavity wall.
CONFIGURATION TO BE AVOIDED CONFIGURATION RECOMMENDED
33
■ To limit airborne noise, it is therefore recommended to install the waste pipes inside a technical cavity wall, which, due to the acoustic
insulation properties of the walls, reduces the noise transmitted to the outside. The technical cavity wall, however, can result in an
increase in the level of airborne noise inside the wall due to the “resonating chamber” effect thus, in some degree, neutralising the
insulation effect of the walls themselves. This increase is influenced by the geometry of the technical cavity wall and by the surface of
the wall of the technical cavity wall adjacent to the measurement room; values of about 6 dB to 10 dB can be measured for cavity walls
where the wall next to the measurement room has a depth of 0.3 m to 1 m.
■ To reduce the “resonating chamber” effect it is recommended to cover part of the internal walls with a sound-absorbing material such as
mineral wool, for example, with a thickness of 40 mm that can completely cancel the increase in noise.
2 Figure 2.19 Installation of pipes in the technical cavity wall partially covered with a sound-absorbing material.
Elastic insulating sheath
■■ P assage through floor slabs and walls must be carried out in such a way as to acoustically separate the pipework from the building
structure in order to reduce the transmission of vibrations, produced during operation of the waste system. It is therefore suggested to
cover the pipes with an elastic insulating sheath with a minimum thickness of 5 mm.
■■ If the pipe needs to be embedded in the wall it is recommended to create gaps in order to create the “cavity” effect thus avoiding contact
between the pipe and the building structure. If there are contact points with the bricks or there is the risk that contact could be created
during vibration of the pipe, it is suggested to cover the stack with an elastic insulating sheath with a minimum thickness of 5 mm.
■■ If the pipe is completely embedded in the concrete then it is not required to insulate it in that the mass of concrete will control the acoustic
transmission of the noise. With a layer of 50 mm of concrete the level of noise is reduced by about 30 dB.
■■ To limit the structure-born noise it is recommended to reduce the contact points with the wall to a minimum; to control therefore the
transmission of vibrations to the structure the number of clips must be limited, at most, the passage through the floor slab can be used
as an anchor point.
Figure 2.20 Passage through a floor slab and a wall.
34
■■ ranching connections must be made with 87.5° branches (or 88.5° depending on the type of waste system). As compared with 45°
B
branches, they ensure that flow into the waste stack is slower and lower levels of noise are generated (for more details see chapter
3.5.3).
Figure 2.21 Connection to waste stack.
Right-angle inlet branch

■■ T he foot of the stack must also be studied in order to reduce the impact caused by deviation of the flow that proceeds from the waste
stack to the horizontal collector pipe. The use of two 45° bends separated by a piece of pipe whose length is equal to twice the nominal
diameter of the stack ensures the lowest level of pressure and noise (for more detail see chapter 3.5.4).
Figure 2.22 Configuration of foot of stack.

2D
N
35
2.6.4 Impact of system geometry on noise levels
To estimate the noise of a system from a design point of view it is necessary not only to consider airborne noise but also to consider
structure-born noise, the latter being decidedly complex in that it is influenced by the type of building envelope, the quality of the anchors
and the installation geometry. The simplistic analysis of some technical documents, also to be found in Internet, risk generating unrealistic
results; an analysis that only takes the effect of the cavity wall and the dampening effect of the wall into account, leads to results that are
decidedly lower than those obtained in practise, that also consider the influence of the structure: the level of structural noise is usually
greater than the level of airborne noise and therefore cannot be disregarded. A complete evaluation should also be carried out on the
analyses at the various frequencies and not on the sound level measured.
2 The values indicated in this chapter, if not otherwise specified, have been obtained from measurements of airborne noise
(normalised noise level La,A ) made in front of the waste pipe and their sole scope is to give an idea of the impact of the waste
system geometry on the level of noise generated. For a complete analysis (that also takes the noise transmitted by the building
into account) measurements must be made on-site as established by D.P.C.M. 5/12/1997.
Phonometric measurements that are conducted in the laboratory (in compliance with the standards DIN 4109 and EN 14366 in force)
employ a continuous flow of water with values of 0.5 l/s, 1 l/s, 2 l/s and 4 l/s; in practise, however, the maximum level of noise reached
is generated by toilet flushing. In this case, we have a discontinuous flow caused by the actuation of a flush cistern that discharges a
predefined volume of water.
It was found that the level of noise caused by the use of a WC flush cistern, regardless of the volume of water discharged (from
4.5 l to 9 l) is the same as the noise produced by a continuous flow of water of 3 l/s. For this reason the values that follow
relate to such a flow that is defined as reference flow.
All the values that follow, that can be taken into consideration for all the Valsir waste and soil systems, are provided only as a guideline.
2.6.4.1 Localization of noise

The most elevated level of noise in a waste system can be measured at the foot of the waste stack. For this reason the stack foot must be
created by following the suggestions given previously. In any event, the waste stack emits a noise level of about 5 dB lower than the noise
emitted at the foot of the stack, whereas the collector pipe emits a noise level of about 10 dB lower than the foot of the stack.
2.6.4.2 Flow of waste water

The influence of the waste flow is such that when it is doubled, noise levels increase by approximately 3 dB(A). The values shown in the
figure relate to a De 110 mm vertical waste stack and represent the increase or the reduction in the level of noise regarding a reference
flow rate of 3 l/s.
Figure 2.23 Influence of the waste flow on the level of airborne noise, measurements conducted with De 110 mm vertical waste stack.
Q=16 l/s
+7 +7 dB(A)
+6
Q=12 l/s
+6 dB(A)
+5
Q=10 l/s
+5 dB(A)
+4
Q=8 l/s
+4 dB(A)
Increase/reduction of airborne noise level [dB(A)]
+3
Q=6 l/s
+3 dB(A)
+2
+1 Q=4 l/s
Q=3 l/s
reference +1 dB(A)
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
-1 Waste water flow [l/s]
-2
Q=2 l/s
-2 dB(A)
-3
Increase in flow
-4
Increase in noise level
-5
Q=1 l/s
-5 dB(A)
-6
-7
Q=0,5 l/s
-8 dB(A) © 2010 Valsir S.p.A.
-8
36
2.6.4.3 Vertical stack diameter
The diameter of the vertical waste stack also plays a rather important role; with an increase in the pipe diameter, the radiating surface also
increases and consequently so does the noise level. The values shown in the figure relate to a reference flow rate of 3 l/s and represent the
increase or the reduction in the level of noise for a reference stack of diameter 110 mm. An increase in size of the vertical waste stack from
110 mm to 125 mm can lead to an increase in the level of airborne noise of 1 dB(A).
Figure 2.24 Influence of the stack diameter on the level of airborne noise, measurements conducted with a flow rate of 3 l/s.
+5
2
De 200
+5 dB(A)
+4
De 160
+3 dB(A)
+3

+2
De 125
+1 dB(A)
+1
De 110
reference
0
80 100 120 140 160 180
Diameter [mm]
-1
Increase in diameter
De 90 Increase in noise level
-2 dB(A)
-2
-3
De 75
-3,5 dB(A) © 2010 Valsir S.p.A.
-4
2.6.4.4 Fall height

The fall height, measured as the distance between the connection point of the branching and the foot of the stack, has an influence such as
to increase the level of airborne noise by 3 dB(A) going from 3 m to 12 m. Beyond 12 m the flow reaches a constant velocity and therefore
sound emissions do not increase any further.
Figure 2.25 Influence of the fall height on the level of airborne noise.
h ≥ 12 m
+2 +2 dB(A)
h=9 m
+2 dB(A)
+1
h=6 m
reference
0
3 6 9 12
Fall height [m]
Increase of height
-1 Increase in noise level
h=3 m
-1 dB(A)
-2
37
2.6.4.5 Stack offset
The creation of a stack deviation composed of two 45° bends on the same measurement floor leads to an increase in airborne noise of
8.5 dB(A) in a polyethylene waste system and 5.5 dB(A) in a Silere waste system.
Figure 2.26 Influence of the stack deviation on the level of airborne noise.
45°
2 Silere +5.5 dB(A)

45°
Presence of a stack offsets
Triplus +7 dB(A)
Polyethylene +8.5 dB(A)
0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9
Increase in the level of airborne noise [dB(A)]
2.6.4.6 System with ventilation fittings

From an acoustic point of view, a ventilation branch is similar to a stack offset, in that it also represents a critical point in a waste system.
Valsir was the first to develop the technology to produce ventilation fittings in materials that are characteristic of the Silere and Triplus waste
systems and the results were of immediate interest. In fact, waste systems that incorporate Triplus and Silere ventilation fittings reduce
airborne noise levels by 3 and 4 dB(A) as compared with waste systems that incorporate polyethylene ventilation fittings. These solutions
allow waste systems with ventilation fittings to the created that, in many cases, as compared with polyethylene waste systems, do not
require coverings with soundproofing materials.
Figura 2.27 Influence of the ventilation fitting on the level of airborne noise.
Silere +3.5 dB(A)

Presence of a ventilation fitting
Triplus +4.5 dB(A)
Polyethylene +7.5 dB(A)
0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9
Increase in the level of airborne noise [dB(A)]
38
2.6.4.7 Bracketing of the vertical waste stack
The transmission of structure-born noise produced by a waste system depends on numerous factors among which the type of pipework,
the characteristics of the wall onto which the pipe is secured and the bracketing system employed.
The fewer the number of brackets employed for anchoring the pipe, the lower the transmission of structure-born noise. From the tests
conducted in the laboratory, it was revealed that, regardless of the type of waste system used (polyethylene, polypropylene, Triplus, Silere),
going from two clips per floor to one clip per floor, the level of noise is reduced by approximately 2÷3 dB(A).
It is however imperative that brackets with anti-vibration rubber inserts are used to reduce the vibrations transferred from the pipe to the wall.
39
2.7 Developments in Standards
The introduction of the Law 447/1995 for protection against noise pollution contributed to strengthening the commitment to the creation of
techniques and methods that allow the estimation of “the acoustic performance of building techniques” with the aim of reducing the noise
transmitted and received by buildings.
The estimation of passive acoustic requirements is an extremely important subject for project designers that must choose, during the planning
phase, building and installation techniques that meet the limits set by the Decree “Determination of the passive acoustic requirements of
buildings” dated 5 December 1997.
2 The Standard that meets these needs is the UNI EN 12354 Standard “Building acoustics – Estimation of acoustic performance of
buildings from the performance of products” divided into five parts:
■■ Part 1: Airborne sound insulation between rooms.
■■ Part 2: Impact sound insulation between rooms.
■■ Part 3: Airborne sound insulation against outdoor sound.

■■ Part 4: Transmission of indoor sound to the outside.
■■ Part 6: Sound absorption in enclosed spaces.
Each part of the standard proposes calculation methods for the estimation of the acoustic performance of buildings that in some cases are
quite difficult to implement and require specific calculation software.
As for the estimation of the level of noise of installations, the project standard prEN 12354-5 “Building acoustics – Sound levels due
to service equipment” is under development (at the time this handbook was being printed). The aim of this part of the Standard will be
to supply a practical approach to the estimation of the sound level caused by systems and their influence on the acoustic insulation of a
building, supplying some indications on the correct installation methods. The subject is very complex and difficult to deal with analytically
because:
■■ Constructions have an elevated number of structural types.
■■ Constructions have an elevated number of system configurations.
■■ The realisation techniques of the systems are varied and chaotic.
This document will contain calculation models to estimate the sound pressure level in buildings due to service equipment such as sanitary
installations, loading and discharging of water, mechanical ventilation systems, heating and cooling systems, boilers, lifts, pumps and other
auxiliary service equipment. The final part of the project standard prEN 12354-5 will describe the main systems in buildings, the type of
noise transmitted and calculation examples.
In particular, for waste systems, attempts are being made to implement analytical methods for estimating the levels of sound energy based
on the laboratory measurements carried out in compliance with the UNI EN 14366 Standard.
40
3 Project design of waste systems
3.1 The discharge of used waters

The waste waters produced in buildings (houses, offices, hospitals, schools, hotels, etc.) can be differentiated in the following manner:
■■ Black waters essentially from residential buildings that are the result of domestic activities or sanitary hygienic fixtures such as pans
and urinals.
■■ Grey waters essentially from residential buildings that are the result of domestic activities or hygienic sanitary fixtures with the exception
of pans and urinals.

■■ White waters that derive essentially from rain (atmospheric water) or from irrigating gardens, kitchen gardens and parks.
The waste system must be divided in order to separate the black and grey waters from atmospheric waters to avoid the risk of saturating
the system in the case of significant rainfalls that would lead to a heavy increase in the flow rate of the waste waters.
The waste system is made up of:

■■ Straps mounted directly onto the sanitary fixtures such as washbasins, bidets and sinks, positioned on the floor in the case of tubs and
showers, incorporated into the fixture in the case of pans and urinals. 3
■■ Waste branches made up principally of horizontal pipes that connect traps with the waste stack.
■■ Waste stacks made up principally of vertical pipes that connect the branches with waste manifolds.
■■ Waste manifolds made up of pipes that are characterised by small gradients as compared with horizontal pipes that collect the water
deriving from the waste stacks to transport it to the sewers. The waste manifolds can be placed underground or suspended from the
Project design of waste systems

ceiling of the cellar or garage.
■■ Ventilation conduits made up essentially of vertical pipes that when connected to the waste network restrict pressure oscillations and
guarantee silence in the operation of the sanitary fixtures.
Figure 3.1 Structure of a waste system in a residential building.
Ventilation conduit
Trap
Waste stack
Waste branch
Waste manifold
The waste system must be capable of guaranteeing:

■■ A rapid discharge of the flow, the absence of deposits and sediments, the water seal and the seal against gas in order to protect hygiene
standards in the rooms and hence the health of the users.

■■ The project pressure levels when in function thus allowing the re-integration of air that is drawn and pushed during the discharge.
41
3.2 Traps
The trap is the component that ensures the water seal thus preventing the escape of foul smelling gases into the room. The water seal is
obtained by means of trapping a certain quantity of water that acts as a “water plug” characterised by a certain height defined as “water
guard”. When the sanitary fixture is flushed, the weight of the liquid generates sufficient pressure on the inlet side of the trap to push the
stagnant water toward the exit side of the trap and therefore into the waste branch and in sequence, the waste stack. When the flush has
terminated, the pressure equilibrium between the two sides of the trap is re-established and a new “water plug” is created that ensures
the water seal of the system. The water guard of the trap, in accordance with the European Standard UNI EN 12056, should be no less
than 50 mm in order to ensure the efficiency of the “water plug”, also when the waste system is in use and if pressure or back pressure
is generated inside the system network.
Another important consideration is linked to the fact that the presence of the “water plug” must be guaranteed also when the sanitary
fixture is not in use and when climatic conditions create the gradual evacuation of the water (especially during summer months). With an
average evaporation of the water of approximately 1.5 mm a day, the water seal can thus be guaranteed for about 30 days.
Figure 3.2 Water guard in the traps.
h h

h
h
When a sanitary fixture flushes large quantities into the waste system, phenomena of compression and back pressure are created that
influence the “water plug” in the trap.
These phenomena are caused by the pressure variations Δp that can either be positive (pressure overload) of negative (back pressure):
positive pressures pa + Δp act on the water contained in the trap and push it from the exit side toward the inlet side, negative pressures
pa - Δp suck the water from the inlet side toward the outlet side of the trap. These pressure changes set the “water tap” in the trap in motion
and modify its configuration; if the waste system is not correctly dimensioned, the variations in pressure can be of such an entity as to move
the “water plug” until it has been completely removed thus causing the escape of foul-smelling gas.
Figure 3.3 Movements of the “water plug” in the trap.

pa
pa pa pa +Δp
pa -Δp
pa
© 2010 Valsir S.p.A. © 2010 Valsir S.p.A. © 2010 Valsir S.p.A.
Equilibrium Pressure overload Back pressure
42
3.2.1 Siphonage
Take a look at the system layout indicated in Figure 3.4 When sanitary fixture B is flushed, a “water plug” in the stack is created which
moves downwards thus provoking a pressure that is greater than the atmospheric pressure further down. Such a difference could be such
as to push the water in the trap into fixture C causing the emission of foul-smelling gas into the room; this phenomenon is called siphonage
caused by compression.
Simultaneously the “water plug” generates back pressure in fixture A which, if of a significant entity, sucks the water from the trap thus
eliminating the water seal from the same and in doing so, causing the emission of a foul-smelling gas into room; this phenomenon is called
siphonage caused by aspiration.
Of course these phenomena can be more or less serious and are in general influenced by factors such as:
■■ Insufficient water guard in the trap.
■■ Insufficient diameter of the waste stack.
■■ Absence of a ventilation system.
■■ Incorrect configuration at the base of the stack.
Figure 3.4 Effects of siphonage.

3
A

B
C
Figure 3.5 Siphonage caused by back pressure (point A) and compression (point C).
.
p.A
S.
ir
als
1 0V
20
©
43
3.2.2 Self-siphonage
Self-siphonage occurs in horizontal waste branches when they are too long or when the trap is too narrow. In this case the phenomenon
is not caused by the “water plug” generated by one of the fixtures but by the flushing of the fixture itself. Self-siphonage may lead to the
removal of the trap seal causing the emission of foul-smelling gas into the room in question. To explain this phenomenon we can see what
happens when attempting to transfer liquid (petrol, oil, wine, etc.) from one container to another with the use of a small diameter tube.
Once all of the liquid has been transferred, no trace of it is left inside the tube and that is exactly what happens inside a waste branch and
the trap of the sanitary fixture. Restrictions on the length of waste branches are defined in the European Standard UNI EN 12056-2 and
are indicated in the chapter on system dimensioning. Self-siphonage is identified when the trap of the fixture being flushed makes a noise
that is similar to human “snoring”. When such a noise is issued from the trap of a fixture not currently in use, then the cause is aspiration
siphonage; compression siphonage on the other hand is identified by a gurgling sound that is generated inside the trap when one of the
fixtures in the system is being used.
Figure 3.6 Self-siphonage of a sanitary fixture.
3
3.3 Ventilation
The maintenance of the pressure levels inside the waste system network and the elimination of the effects of siphonage are guaranteed by
suitable vent systems of the conduits. Vent systems are made up of pipes connected to the waste system that ensure a flow of air to limit
the variations in pressure and guarantee the silent operation of the sanitary fixtures. During flushing the flow pushes the air in front and
creates a back pressure, this back pressure calls on new air by means of the vent stack.
The European Standard UNI EN 12056 defines different configurations of the vent systems both for the waste stacks and the waste
branches. In practice, it is possible to use numerous alternative solutions to the basic configurations defined by the standard and that offer
numerous variations that are suitable for resolving system requirements.
3.3.1 Waste systems with primary ventilation

This is the most economical and widely used system. Ventilation is guaranteed by the extension of the waste stack to the roof; this end
piece of pipe-work is defined as the waste stack vent header. As an alternative to the roof extension it is possible to use vent valves that
guarantee the inlet of air into the stack but impede the discharge of foul-smelling gas into the room.
Primary ventilation systems have the following characteristics:

■■ It is the most simple and economic system.
■■ The primary ventilation system eliminates the effect of aspiration siphonage but not compression siphonage. While the back pressure
above the fixture is compensated for by the inlet of air through the stack vent, the increase in pressure at the base of the stack cannot
be compensated, therefore, other particular configurations in the waste manifold are necessary depending on the number of floors in
the building.
■■ The European Standard UNI EN 12056 requires that the stack vent be no smaller in diameter to the waste stack.
■■ Waste branches must be no longer than 4 m and must have a minimum slope of 1% (for more details refer to the chapter on waste
system dimensioning).
44
Figure 3.7 Waste system with primary ventilation.
Stack vent Aeration valve
PROjECT DESIGN OF WASTE SYSTEMS

It is possible to create ventilation manifolds to which the waste stacks are connected before exiting onto the roof. In this case
dimensioning is carried out by considering the ventilation manifold as a waste manifold with a filling degree of 50%.
It is not recommended to connect more than three waste stacks to the same ventilation manifold.
Figure 3.8 Waste system with ventilation manifold.
Ventilation manifold
45
3.3.1.1 Primary ventilation system for up to 2 storeys buildings (h ≤ 4 m)
For buildings with maximum 2 storeys in which the distance between the highest and lowest discharge point is h ≤ 4 m then the fixtures
can be connected directly to the stacks even if the waste manifold is suspended from the ceiling of the underground floor. The functioning
of this type of configuration is guaranteed by the fact that the pressure that is generated at the base of the stack is of such an entity as to
have no effect on the sanitary fixtures connected on the ground floor.
Figure 3.9 Primary ventilation, 2-storey building (h ≤ 4 m), manifold in the pavement of the underground floor.
3 First floor
h≤4m
Ground floor

Underground floor
Figure 3.10 Primary ventilation, 2-storey building (h ≤ 4 m), manifold on the ceiling of the underground floor.
First floor
h≤4m

Ground floor
Underground floor
46
3.3.1.2 Primary ventilation systems for 3 up to 5 storeys buildings (h ≤ 12 m)
For buildings with as many as 5 storeys in which the distance between the highest and lowest fixture is h ≤ 12 m a pressure is generated
that is cancelled at about 3 m in height from the base of the stack. To avoid that the pressure has a negative effect on the fixtures nearest
the stack base, it is necessary to connect them to the waste network in a different manner depending on the position of the manifold.
■■ If the manifold is in the pavement of the underground floor, the fixtures on the ground floor can be connected directly to the stack since the
pressure does not interfere with their functioning.

■■ If the manifold is connected to the ceiling of the underground floor then the fixtures on the ground floor must be connected to the waste
manifold at over 1 m from the base since, in this case, the pressure that is generated would interfere with their functioning.
Figure 3.11 Primary ventilation, 3÷5 storey building (h ≤ 12 m), manifold in the Figure 3.12 Primary ventilation, 3÷5 storey building (h ≤ 12 m), manifold on
pavement of the underground floor. ceiling of underground floor.
3
Fourth floor Fourth floor

Third floor
Third floor
Second floor Second floor
h ≤ 12 m
h ≤ 12 m
First floor First floor
≥1m

47
3.3.1.3 Primary ventilation system for buildings with over 5 storeys (h > 12 m)
For buildings with over 5 storeys in which the distance between the highest and the lowest fixture is h > 12 m a pressure is generated that
is then cancelled above 3 m in height from the base of the stack. To prevent the pressure having a negative influence on the fixtures nearest
the stack base it is necessary to connect the latter to the waste manifold by dividing the stack. To aid the ventilation of the second waste
stack it is necessary to connect it to the main stack by means of a piece of pipe-work called “loop vent”. The loop vent guarantees the flow
of air required to limit the pressure differentials inside the second waste stack when one of the fixtures is use.
In any case Valsir recommends a parallel ventilation system in buildings made up of over 5-6 floors.
Figure 3.13 Primary ventilation, building with over 5 storeys (h > 12 m), Figure 3.14 Primary ventilation, building over 5 storeys high (h > 12 m),
manifold in pavement of underground floor. manifold in ceiling of the underground floor.
Fifth floor Fifth floor

Third floor Third floor
h > 12 m
h > 12 m
Vent loop
Vent loop
≥2m
Underground floor
Underground floor
≥2m
48
3.3.2 Waste system with direct and indirect parallel ventilation
This is a system made up of a vent stack that runs parallel to the waste stack. In systems with a direct parallel vent, the vent stack is connected
to the waste stack, in systems with an indirect parallel vent, the vent stack is connected to the waste branches. Again, in this case, the
waste stack is extended to the roof (relief) or it ends in the room with an aeration valve. Depending on the number of floors that need to be
served, the vent stack may have intermediate connections with the waste stack that ensure a sufficient circulation of air within the network.
Characteristics of parallel vent systems:
■■ Not as economical as primary vent systems.
■■ Suitable for buildings with more than 2 storeys.
■■ The parallel vent system eliminates the aspiration and compression effect of the traps in that it allows the air to circulate from the base
up to the relief vent, by means of the vent stack.

■■ A s compared with primary vent systems, with parallel vent systems it is possible to increase the waste flow rates by 30÷40% without
increasing the diameter (see chapter on waste system dimensioning).

■■ The European Standard UNI EN 12056 sets a minimum diameter for the parallel vent stack in relation to the diameter of the waste stack
(see chapter on waste system dimensioning).

■■ If the parallel vent is direct, the waste branches must have a maximum length of 4 m and a gradient of at least 1%, if indirect, the branches
can be as long as 10 m with minimum gradients of 0.5% (for greater detail refer to the chapter on waste system dimensioning).
3
Figure 3.15 Waste system with parallel vent (direct and indirect).
Stack relief vent

Stack relief vent

Vent stack Vent stack
(direct parallel) (indirect parallele)
Figure 3.16 Waste system with parallel vent (direct and indirect) with variations.
Vent stack
Stack relief vent
(direct parallel)
Aeration valve
Vent stack
(indirect parallel)
49
3.3.2.1 Direct parallel vent system for buildings with 3 to 5 storeys (h ≤ 12 m)
For buildings with up to 5 storeys the parallel vent stack is connected near the base of the stack and at the top, at the relief vent. To avoid
the possibility of foam rising, the ground floor must be connected in a different manner depending on the position of the manifold.
■■ If the manifold is in the pavement of the underground floor, the ground floor fixtures can be connected directly to the stack.
■■ If the manifold is attached to the ceiling of the underground floor, then the ground floor fixtures must be connected to the waste manifold
at over 1 m in height from the base to avoid the possibility of foam rising.
Figure 3.17 Direct parallel vent, 3÷5 storey building (h ≤ 12 m), manifold in Figure 3.18 Direct parallel vent, 3÷5 storey building (h ≤ 12 m), manifold in
the pavement of the underground floor. the ceiling of the underground floor.
3
Forth floor Fourth floor
Second floor
Second floor
h ≤ 12 m
h ≤ 12 m
First floor
First floor
≥1m
Underground floor
© 2010 Valsir S.p.A. Underground floor
50
3.3.2.2 Direct parallel vent system for buildings with over 5 storeys (h > 12 m)
For buildings with more than 5 floors the parallel vent stack must be connected on each floor by means of intermediate vent connections.
If there is an elevated number of floors, the use of intermediate connections can be avoided as long as they are made at intervals of at least
every four floors. As with primary vents, again in this case, the fixtures nearest to the base of the stack must be connected to the waste
stack by means of a second stack (division) and to favour the ventilation it is necessary to connect it to the main stack by means of a “vent
loop”. Connection to the manifold must be made at a distance of at least 2 meters from the base of the stack. Also for the fixtures connected
to the second stack, connection to the vent stack by means of intermediate connections is necessary. In chapter 3.5.1 criteria are indicated
for the division of the stack in relation to the number of floors that need to be served.
Figure 3.19 Direct parallel vent, building with over 5 floors (h > 12 m), Figure 3.20 Direct parallel vent, building with over 5 floors (h > 12 m),
manifold in the pavement of the underground floor. manifold in ceiling of the underground floor.
3

Intermediate connections Intermediate connections

h > 12 m h > 12 m
Vent loop
First floor
First floor
Vent loop
Ground floor
Ground floor
≥2m
Underground floor
Underground floor
≥2m
51
3.3.2.3 Indirect parallel vent system
The geometrical configuration of the indirect parallel vent stack does not depend on the number of floors; it is connected to the waste
branches and is used when the distance between the most distant fixture and the waste stack exceeds 4 m. This system is employed when
the fixtures are arranged in rows, in buildings such as schools, barracks, etc. In any case, to avoid the rising of foam, the connection of each
floor to the waste stack must observe the criteria as indicated for direct parallel vent systems (see chapter 3.5.1). When the length of the
branches exceeds 10 m it is recommended to use intermediate vents connected halfway along the waste branches (see Figure 3.25).
Figure 3.21 Indirect parallel vent, 3÷5 storey building (h ≤ 12 m), manifold in Figure 3.22 Indirect parallel vent, 3÷5 storey building (h ≤ 12 m), manifold in
the pavement of the underground floor. the ceiling of the underground floor.
3 Fourth floor Fourth floor

h ≤ 12 m h ≤ 12 m
Vent loop
≥1m
© 2010 Valsir S.p.A. Underground floor Underground floor
52
Figura 3.23 Indirect parallel vent, building with over 5 floors (h > 12 m), Figura 3.24 Indirect parallel vent, building with over 5 floors (h > 12).
manifold in the pavement of the underground floor.
3

h > 12 m
h > 12 m
Vent loop Vent loop

≥2m
≥2m
53
Figure 3.25 Indirect parallel vent, intermediate ventilation of the branches with lengths of over 10 m.
3
> 10 m
54
3.3.3 Waste systems with secondary ventilation
This type of system is made up of a vent stack that runs parallel to the waste stack. A ventilation network is connected to the waste stack
and to all of the fixtures by means of a spigot bend or trap (branch ventilation). As with the other systems, the waste stack is extended
to the roof (relief vent) or else ends in the room by means of an aeration valve and as with parallel ventilation systems, depending on the
number of floors to be served, the ventilation stack can have intermediate connections with the waste stack that ensure a better circulation
of the air inside the network.
Characteristics of secondary ventilation systems:

■■ Expensive, not only because of the quantity of material required, but also due to the complexity of the system.
■■ Suitable in very tall buildings where fixtures are used contemporarily.
■■ Suitable where the sanitary fixtures and the stacks are positioned along the same wall in that any windows, doors, openings, spigots,
would compromise the possibility of ventilating the fixtures by connecting them to the vent stack.
■■ A s with the parallel ventilation system it is possible to increase the flow rates of the waste stack by 30-40% as compared with primary
ventilation systems and the flow rates of the branches by 50% (see the chapter on waste system dimensioning).
■■ The European Standard UNI EN 12056 sets a minimum diameter for parallel vent stacks in relation to the diameter of the waste stack
(see the chapter on waste system dimensioning).

■■ The diameters of the vent pipes of the branches are specified in the European Standard UNI EN 12056 (see chapter on waste system
3
dimensioning).
■■ The branches can reach 10 m with minimum gradients of 0.5% (for more details refer to the chapter on waste system dimensioning).

Figure 3.26 Waste system with secondary ventilation.
Ventilation of the branch
55
3.3.4 Waste systems with ventilation fittings
These are waste systems created with special fittings known as ventilation fittings that do not require the use of the aforesaid parallel or
secondary ventilation systems and that allow the diameter of the vertical waste stack to be reduced with equal flows.
While sizing of the branchings and collector pipes must comply with the methods established by the European Standard UNI EN 12056-2,
calculation of the vertical waste stacks equipped with ventilation fittings, requires the application of special rules that are described in the
chapter that deals with the sizing of waste systems with ventilation fittings.
The characteristics that distinguish systems with ventilation fittings are the following:
■■ This system is particularly suited to very high buildings or where the flow rates and simultaneity coefficients are important (hotels,
barracks, office blocks, schools, hospitals, etc.).

■■ It is extremely cost-effective in buildings higher than 7 to 8 storeys.
■■ It does not require any parallel ventilation, the vertical waste stack is simply extended out onto the roof (as with primary ventilation).
■■ It allows an increase in flow in the waste stack of 45 to 55% as compared with a parallel or secondary ventilation system.
■■ It significantly reduces pressure fluctuations inside the vertical waste stack thanks to the particular shape of the ventilation fitting.
■■ Just two waste stack sizes in relation to the waste water flows: DN 100 (De 110 mm) and DN 150 (De 160 mm).
3
Figure 3.27 Waste system with ventilation fittings.
Ventilation branch
Vent loop
Standard branch
56
Figura 3.28 The two ventilation fitting models manufactured by Valsir.
DN 100
DN 150
(De 110) (De 160)
DN 100
DN 100
(De 110)
(De 110)
DN 70 DN 70
(De 75) (De 75)

57
3
58
Example
Waste system
100 150
with ventilation branch © 2010 Valsir S.p.A.
can be reduced to 100 mm.

Waste system
with parallel or
Figure 3.29 Choice of the waste system.

60 70 80 90 100 125 150 200
secondary ventilation (1) (2)
Waste system
60 70 80 90 100 125 150 200
with primary ventilation (1) (2)
0.5
0.7
1.5
2.0
2.6
2.7
3.5
4.0
5.6
5.8
7.1
7.6
8.7
9.5
12.4
16.0
18.1
21.0
Project flow [l/s]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
3.3.5 Guideline in the choice of the waste system
Number of floors for residential building with 1 average apartment per floor(3)
1 2 3 4 6 8 10 14 20 25 30 35 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260
(3)
Number of floors for residential building with 2 average apartments per floor
1 2 3 4 6 8 10 14 20 25 30 35 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
(4)
Number of floors for building such as hotel with 2 average bedrooms per floor
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 70 80 90 100
(4)
Number of floors for building such as hotel with 4 average bedrooms for floor
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
maximum number of floors in the buildings in relation to the diameter of the vertical waste stack.
NOTES
(1) DN 100 is the minimum diameter to be guaranteed in the presence of a water closet.
(2) Valid diameters for waste stacks with right angle branches (single or double).
(3) An average apartment is composed of 1 WC, 1 bidet, 1 washbasin, 1 bathtub,

1 washing machine, 1 sink, 1 dishwasher with ∑DU = 6.7 l/s. The number of floors
is indicative in that, for very high buildings, waste stack segmentation is always recommended.
(4) An average bedroom is composed of 1 WC, 1 bidet, 1 washbasin, 1 bathtub

with ∑DU = 4.3 l/s. The number of floors is indicative, in that, for very high buildings,
waste stack segmentation is always recommended.
with ventilation fittings. Vice versa, once the ventilation system has been defined, it is possible to evaluate the maximum project flow or the
primary or secondary ventilation system the diameter must be 125 mm, while with a system with a ventilation branch the diameter
3.29. Once the project flow has been determined or the number of storeys in the building is known as well as the building type, the waste
Let’s suppose we have a project flow of 7.1 l/s. With a primary ventilation system the diameter of the stack must be 150 mm, with a
To rapidly identify the diameter of the vertical waste stack in relation to the system chosen, it is possible to consult the diagram in Figure
stack diameter to be adopted in relation to the system is rapidly identified: primary ventilation, parallel or secondary ventilation, ventilation
3.4 Waste branches
The waste branches are made up of mainly horizontal pipes that connect the sanitary fixtures to the waste stacks. When installing waste
branches, several basic rules should be observed:
■■ The diameter and the length of the pipes must be such as to guarantee the absence of siphonage and self-siphonage problems. If there
is a risk of such phenomena being generated then a ventilation network should be provided.
■■ The gradient of the branches must be in the direction of the waste flow.
■■ Changes in direction must be minimised and at any rate must be made with a wide radius to avoid slowing down the flow rate of the
waste.
■■ Avoid using diameters that are smaller than the connection to the siphon.
■■ The meeting point of several waste pipes in a branch must be made without the use of 90° angles.
■■ The passage toward greater diameters must be made by employing eccentric reducers and keeping the upper part of the pipes
straight.
For greater detail on project requirements for waste branches refer to the chapter on waste system dimensioning.
Figure 3.30 Installation of branches. 3

Gradients in direction of flow
Connections with ancgles smaller than 90°

Bends with ample radius

Eccentric reducer
Waste stack
Figure 3.31 Examples of waste branches.
59
3.5 Waste stacks
3.5.1 Division of waste stacks
In previous chapters we noted in some cases the necessity of dividing the waste stack whether it is ventilated with a direct, indirect, parallel
or secondary ventilation system. The division of the stack and its height depend on the total number of floors connected to the waste system
and the position of the manifold.
Valsir suggests using the configurations indicated in the following tables, these are not the only solutions but are just some of
the numerous project choices that can be adopted.
In the tables, depending on the number of floors connected to the waste system, it is possible to verify if the stack needs to be divided
and to determine the number of floors that can be connected to the main stack and those that need to be connected to the second stack.
Furthermore, since in some cases even the second stack can reach elevated heights, another division will have to be made.
3 Table 3.1 Configuration of the waste stack with manifold in the pavement of the underground floor.
Number of floors Number of floors
Floors Further division of the
Stack division? connected to the main connected to the
(incl. ground floor) second stack?
stack second stack
3 No 3 0 No
4 No 4 0 No
5 No 5 0 No
6 Yes 5 1 No
7 Yes 6 1 No
8 Yes 7 1 No
9 Yes 7 2 No
10 Yes 8 2 No
11 Yes 9 2 No
12 Yes 9 3 No
13 Yes 10 3 No
14 Yes 11 3 No
15 Yes 11 4 No
16 Yes 12 4 No
17 Yes 13 4 No
18 Yes 13 5 No
19 Yes 14 5 No
20 Yes 15 5 No
21 Yes 15 6 Yes
22 Yes 16 6 Yes
23 Yes 17 6 Yes
24 Yes 17 7 Yes
25 Yes 18 7 Yes
60
Table 3.2 Configuration of the waste stack with manifold on the ceiling of the underground floor.
Number of floors Number of floors
Floors Further division of the
Stack division? connected to the main connected to the
(incl. ground floor) second stack?
stack second stack
3 No 3 0 No
4 No 4 0 No
5 Yes 4 1 No
6 Yes 4 2 No
7 Yes 5 2 No
8 Yes 6 2 No
9 Yes 6 3 No
10 Yes 7 3 No
11 Yes 8 3 No
12 Yes 8 4 No
13 Yes 9 4 No
14 Yes 10 4 No 3
15 Yes 10 5 Yes
16 Yes 11 5 Yes
17 Yes 12 5 Yes
18 Yes 12 6 Yes

19 Yes 13 6 Yes
20 Yes 14 6 Yes
21 Yes 14 7 Yes
22 Yes 15 7 Yes
23 Yes 16 7 Yes
24 Yes 16 8 Yes
25 Yes 17 8 Yes
Some examples relative to waste systems with direct parallel ventilation are shown in the following figures. The same configurations
are valid for systems with indirect parallel and secondary ventilation. An example made up of 10 floors connected to the waste system
necessitates the division of the stack. If the manifold is laid in the pavement of the ground floor, the 8 highest floors are connected to the
main waste stack while the last 2 floors are connected to the second stack. In this case, the intermediate connections to the vent stack can
be made every 2-3 floors. If the manifold is attached to the ceiling of the underground floor, the number of floors connected to the second
stack increases to 3, due to the increased risk of foam rising.
Figure 3.32 Example of system with 10 floors with direct parallel ventilation (manifold in pavement and on ceiling).
10 10
9 9
8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2

1 1

61
A building made up of 14 floors connected to the waste system also requires the main stack to be divided. If the manifold is laid in the
pavement of the underground floor, the 11 highest floors are connected to the main stack while the last 3 are connected to the second
stack. The intermediate connections to the vent stack can be made every 2-3 floors. If the manifold is on the ceiling of the underground floor
then 10 floors must be connected to the main stack, while the remaining 4 floors must be connected to the second stack.
Figura 3.33 Example of system with 14 floors with direct parallel ventilation (manifold in pavement and ceiling).
14 14
13 13
3 12 12
11 11
10 10
9 9
8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2

1 1

Finally, let us consider a building made up of 20 floors connected to the waste system. If the manifold is laid in the pavement of the
underground floor then the last 14 floors must be connected to the main stack while the remaining 6 must be connected to the second
stack. We have a different configuration if the manifold is on the ceiling of the underground floor, the main stack is connected to the last 14
floors while the remaining 6 must be connected to the secondary stack. It is necessary, however, to divide the stack by moving the first two
floors to another independent stack. In this case, it is possible to create the intermediate connections to the ventilation every 4 floors.
62
Figure 3.34 Example of 20-storey building with direct parallel ventilation (manifold in pavement and ceiling).
20 20
19 19
18 18
17 17
16 16
3
15 15
14 14

13 13
12 12
11 11
10 10
9 9
8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2

1 1

63
3.5.2 Waste stack deviation
Where, for reasons of space or building configuration, it is Figure 3.35 Deviation of the waste stack under 1 m.
necessary to made deviations of the stack, these must respect
some fundamental requirements:
■■ The deviation must be no greater than 1 m so that in the oblique
piece the flow does not undergo accelerations that would create DN
noise caused by the impact against the stack near the change in
direction.
■■ The bends used to create the deviation must be no greater than
Ref. A
45°; the use of bends with bigger angles would increase the Ref. A
noise in proximity to the change in direction.
≤ 1m
DN
45°
45°
3
If the deviation of a stack with a diameter of DN1 requires changes Figure 3.36 Deviations of the waste stack greater than 1 m and direction
in direction greater than 45° or horizontal pieces longer than 1 m, changes greater than 45°.
then the following restrictions will have to be observed:
■■ The horizontal section must be dimensioned like a waste
manifold, keeping flow velocity no smaller than 0.6 m/s to avoid

the separation of the solid substances in the flow. DN1
■■ The stack lying below must have a diameter of DN2 at least equal
> 1m
to the waste manifold.
DN2
> 45°
DN2
Stack deviations can also be used as systems for decelerating the Figure 3.37 Deceleration by means of stack deviation.
waste flow in order to reduce the levels of noise in the system.
In this case the deviation of the stack must be re-established in Ref. A
a short piece bringing the waste stack in axis. The pipe-work for
decelerating must be carried out by using:
2 x 45°
■■ 45°bends.
2 DN
2 x 45°
■■ A vertical section with a length equal to 2 times the nominal
diameter of the stack.

Ref. A
64
3.5.3 Connections to the stacks
The type of attachment chosen for connecting the branches to the stack not only influences the waste flow rates but also the noise level
of the system. Connection to the stack can be made with a square branch or an angle branch and the choice must be made by keeping in
mind the following considerations.
Figure 3.38 Stack connection types.
3
Solution A Solution B Solution C
Solution A The square branch, characterised by connection angles between 87° and 88.5°, is the most recommended solution in

that it facilitates the circulation of air, keeps the flow velocity down and allows low noise levels as compared with other
solutions.
Solution B The angle branch, characterised by smaller angles than the square branch (for example 45°), even though it enables higher
flow rates (about 30% greater) is not recommended in that it limits the circulation of air and increases the level of noise. In
fact the flow is accelerated and hits the vertical walls of the stack in the emission area. This solution, furthermore, is more
expensive than the previous solution in that it requires the use of a 45° bend.
Solution C If possible, reduced angle branches should be excluded since there is the risk of hydraulic closure in the emission zone with
consequent aspiration of the siphons connected to the branching. Again in this case the flow is accelerated in the oblique
section causing an increase in the noise level due the flow hitting against the walls of the stack.
65
3.5.4 Configuration of the stack base
The base of the stack is the point in which the waste flow undergoes a sudden change in direction passing from the stack to the manifold.
At this point pressure overloads and elevated noise levels can be generated if it is not properly arranged. The base of the stack can be made
in different ways, with a 90° bend or else with two 45° bends. It can be sunk in the concrete or else it can cross the floor without coming
into contact with the concrete, in any case there are recommended solutions and solutions that, on the other hand, should be avoided.
Figure 3.39 Different solutions for stack base not laid in concrete.

2
DN
Solution A Solution B Solution C
Figure 3.40 Different solutions for stack base laid in concrete.

2
DN
Solution D Solution F Solution E
Solution A This solution should be avoided in that the pressure generated and the level of noise reach the highest values. From a
technical point of view, this is a very simply solution but there is also a high risk of siphonage.
Solution B The deviation is made by means of two 45° bends installed consecutively, this solution allows the reduction of pressure
overload and noise levels but it should be used only where there are problems of space.
Solution C This is the most suitable configuration. It is made by placing a section of pipe with a length that is two times the nominal
diameter of the stack, between the two 45° bends. This solution greatly reduces the pressure overloads and it is
characterised by noise levels that are lower than solution A, by at least 30%.
Solution D, E, F In these configurations the foot of the stack is completely embedded in the concrete. Obviously the pressure levels inside
the stack do not change as compared to the cases already seen, whereas the noise level is significantly reduced thanks
to the dampening effect of the concrete (elevated mass). The noise level of these configurations is reduced by about
70 to 80% as compared with the previous cases; solution F therefore reaches noise levels that are 80 to 90% lower as
compared with those of solution A.
66
If it is necessary to connect sanitary fixtures beyond the base of the stack, then connections should be made at a distance of at least 10
times the nominal diameter of the pipe to avoid the negative effect of pressure fluctuations on the traps.
Figure 3.41 Connection of fixtures beyond the stack base.

10 DN
67
3.5.5 Configuration of the stack relief vent
The vent stacks terminate above the roof by means of aeration terminals (aerators) that are arranged in such a way as to prevent rain water
entering the stack and to facilitate the inlet of air. The aeration terminal must have a distance L from the roof of at least 30 cm, which in
snowy areas must be suitably increased. If the stack exits onto a terrace then the distance L from the surface must be at least 200 cm.
Figure 3.42 Ventilation terminal. Figure 3.43 Installation of the terminal on the roof.
L
L
3

If it is not possible to exit onto the roof, then a particular aeration valve must be used that is equipped with a membrane that prevents foul-
smelling gas to escape but also allows air to enter the system.
Figure 3.44 Aeration valve.

Figure 3.45 Installation of the aeration valve.
Attic Aeration valve
68
3.6 Waste manifolds
The waste manifolds are made up of horizontal pipes that are surface-mounted inside the building (for example on the ceiling of the garage)
or else in the ground to which the waste stacks are connected and possibly the sanitary fixtures on the ground floor.
In designing the waste manifolds, besides observing the requirements set by UNI EN 12056 and dealt with in the chapter on waste system
dimensioning, also the following aspects should not be overlooked:
■■ The lay-out of the waste manifold must be chosen in relation to the building structure and keeping in mind any obstacles of an architectural
nature.
■■ If the conduits cross through structural parts of the building it is recommended to make a hole that is larger than the diameter of the
conduit to avoid the natural movements of the ground caused by the weight of the building having a negative effect on or damaging the
conduits. Pipes made of plastic are, in fact, ideal in these conditions due to their excellent elasticity.
■■ The pipes that make up the manifold must be as straight as possible and the bends must be made with a wide radius and avoiding 90°
angles.
■■ The flow must guarantee a speed (minimum 0.6 m/s) that will prevent the formation of deposits and therefore the gradient values must
always be adopted while keeping these aspects in mind.

■■ The gradient values must be between 1% and 5%; 2% is considered the ideal gradient.
■■ The diameter of the manifold must be no smaller than the diameter of the biggest section of the stack that leads into it.
3
Figure 3.46 Waste manifold.

69
3.7 General rules for connections
Some general rules should be observed when creating connections within waste systems, for example, when connecting branch pipes to
waste stacks or waste stacks to waste collector pipes.
A fixture can be connected directly to a waste stack with a tract gradient of 45°, or 60°, as long as the distance between the fixture and
the waste stack does not exceed 1 m and after the connection there are no other joints for at least 0.5 m.
Figure 3.47 Direct connection of sloping branch to waste stack.
<1m
45°÷60°
3 © 2010 Valsir S.p.A.
Joint-free zone 0.5 m

When sloping tracts (15°, 30° or 45°) are used as direction changes in stacks, the transition must not exceed 1 m and after the connection
there must be no other joints for at least 0.5 m.
Figure 3.48 Connection near stack offset.
<1m
15°÷45°
Joint-free zone
≥ 0.5 m
70
Near stack offsets greater than 1 m (constructed with horizontal tracts), such as, for example, the stack base, connections are to be avoided
in the zones indicated in the following illustrations. The extension of such zones depends on the height of the stack, or the number of floors
of the building.
For stacks that drain up to 5 floors where the distance between the highest drainage point and lowest drainage point is h ≤ 12 m, the joint-
free zones are 1 m above and 1 m below the stack base and 0.5 m below return into the stack.
Figure 3.49 Connections near stack offsets greater than 1 m in stacks that drain up to 5 floors (h ≤ 12 m).
h ≤ 12 m
>1m
≥1m
3
≥1m

Joint-free zone Joint-free zone
0.5 m
71
For stacks that drain over 5 floors where the distance between the highest drainage point and the lowest drainage point is h > 12 m, the
joint-free zones are 2 m above and below the stack base and 0.5 m below return into the stack.
Figure 3.50 Connection near stack offsets greater than 1 m in stacks that drain over 5 floors (h > 12 m) – Case 1.
h > 12 m
>1m
≥2m
3
Joint-free zone Joint-free zone
≥2m
0.5 m
Figure 3.51 Connection near stack offset greater than 1 m in stacks that drain over 5 floors (h > 12 m) – Case 2.
h > 12 m
>1m
≥2m
Joint-free zone
Joint-free zone ≥2m
0.5 m
72
3.8 Access fittings
In order to flush and clean the waste network, it is necessary to provide suitable access fittings positioned in areas that are easily
accessible. The opening of the access fitting must be suitably sized and in any case, must be no smaller than the waste pipe diameter and
the space surrounding the fitting must guarantee ease of use of the instruments necessary in cleaning operations.
Figure 3.52 Access fittings. Figure 3.53 Access trap (Firenze trap).
The access fittings must be installed in the following positions:

■■ At each change in direction with angles greater than 45° (Figure 3.55). 3
■■ At the base of every stack (Figure 3.54 e Figure 3.55).
■■ At every confluence of conduits (Figure 3.55).
■■ On linear conduits, every 15 m for pipes up to DN 100 and every 30 m for pipes over DN 100.
■■ At the end of the internal waste system by means of an access trap (Figure 3.60 e 3.62).

Figure 3.54 Access types for stack bases.

Figure 3.55 Positioning of the access fittings.
Stack base access pipe
Confluance access pipe
90° bend access pipe
Accessible trap
73
3.9 Brackets
3.9.1 Preliminary considerations
All materials are subject to expansion or contraction caused by an increase or decrease in temperature. Plastic materials are characterised
by the most elevated variations in length as compared with other materials such as steel or cast iron but on the other hand they react better
if such variations are restricted, such as with pipes that are laid in concrete.
Figure 3.56 Waste manifold.

−ΔT
L - ΔL
3
L
+ΔT
L + ΔL
The variation in length ΔL of a pipe of length L due to a variation in temperature ΔT between the installation temperature of the pipe and
the current temperature is given by:
L= L T [3.1]
where α is the linear heat expansion coefficient of the material.

If such a variation in length were obstructed, then a tensile stress would be generated in the material (with ΔT < 0) or else compression
(with ΔT > 0) given by:
= E T [3.2]
where E is the elasticity modulus of the material.

In calculating the expansion/contraction of the material it is necessary to consider the difference between the installation temperature of
the pipe and the maximum/minimum temperature expected when the system is in operation.
Table 3.3 Characteristic of different materials.
Linear heat expansion Elasticity modulus E E⋅α

Pipe
coefficient α [mm/m⋅°C] [MPa] [MPa/°C]
Cast iron 0.010 105000 1.05

Steel 0.012 206000 2.47
Silere 0.080 2800 0.22
Polypropylene PP 0.08 1500 0.12
Polyethylene PE 0.110 1300 0.14
Polyethylene HDPE 0.200 1000 0.20
74
Plastic pipes (such as polyethylene, polypropylene, Silere) have elevated thermal expansion coefficients and therefore, undergo elevated
variations in length but the stress that is generated in the wall of the pipe, preventing it from expanding or contracting, is very low.
The plastic pipes can, therefore, be completely covered with concrete without them being damaged by stress that is generated within their
structure when they are subject to temperature fluctuations.
The effects of thermal expansion and contraction of plastic materials influences the installation methods of waste systems that require
different rules depending on the type of anchoring to be used:
■■ Free
anchoring. This installation is adopted for surface-mounted pipes that are either suspended from the ceiling or anchored to the
walls. This type of anchoring can be carried out by means of expansion sleeves or else by means of compensation systems with flexible
clips.
■■ Rigid anchoring. This installation is adopted for pipes laid in concrete or else for pipes installed with fixed point pipe clips.
Figure 3.57 Heat expansion/contraction of pipes.

Temperature difference ΔT [°C] (positive/negative)
100
ene
riplu
ne
pyl
90
e-T
yle
o
eth
ypr
Siler
ly
Pol
Po
80

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 40 80 120 160 200
Pipe lenght [m] Expansion/contraction Δ L [mm]
Example 1
Calculate the linear thermal expansion for a 6 m long polyethylene pipe laid at a temperature of 15°C and subjected to a maximum
working temperature of 55°C.
By using the equation shown previously, we have:
L= L T = 0.2 6 (55 15) = 48 mm [3.3]
The same result can be obtained from the diagram in Figure 3.57. If it were a Silere pipe then expansion would be reduced by half:
L= L T = 0.08 6 (55 15) = 19 mm [3.4]
Example 2
If the same pipe in the previous example were subjected to a working temperature of -10°C,what would the maximum contraction be?
L= L T = 0.2 6 ( 10 15) = 30 mm [3.5]
and for Silere we would have:
L= L T = 0.08 6 ( 10 15) = 12 mm [3.6]
75
3.9.2 Free anchoring
3.9.2.1 Anchoring by means of expansion sleeves or sockets

For systems made with electro-fusion polyethylene pipes, installation requires the use of suitable expansion sleeves; for push-fit systems such
as polypropylene, Triplus and Silere, the function of the expansion sleeve is taken on by the sockets of the pipes and fittings themselves.
This type of anchoring requires the use of fixed point clips and guide clips. The fixed point clips guide the pipe’s variations in length in the
direction of the expansion sleeve (or the socket) while the guide clips allow the pipe to move but prevent if from flexing. Both fixed point
and guide clips must be dimensioned in order to resist the weight of the pipe when full with water.
Figure 3.58 Expansion sleeve (polyethylene). Figure 3.59 Sockets of push-fit systems (polypropylene, Silere, Triplus).
3
20° 0°

In the following tables the distances to be observed both for fixed point and guide clips are suggested, in any case the distances of the clips
are characterised by the following rules:
■■ Sections of pipe or branches that are laid in concrete act as fixed points.
■■ For horizontal conduits (manifolds) the distance between the clips must be 10 times the external diameter of the pipe with a maximum
of 2 m.
■■ For vertical conduits (stacks) the distance between the clips must be 15 times the external diameter of the pipe with a maximum of 3 m
and in any case at least one guide clip for each floor.
To allow for soundproofing levels of the Triplus and Silere waste systems, the use of Valsir soundproofing clips is required.
Figure 3.60 Standard pipe and anti-vibration clip.

A.
.p.
si rS
Val
10
© 20
76
Dil Expansion sleeve.
Pf Fixed point.
Ps Guide point.
LPf Distance between two consecutive fixed points.
LPs Distance between two consecutive guide points.
Figure 3.61 Ceiling anchoring by means of expansion sleeves or sockets.
Ps Pf Ps Ps Pf
Dil
LPs LPs
LPf
Table 3.4 Distances for clips for anchoring to ceiling by means of expansion sleeves or sockets.
Diameter De [mm] LPs [m] LPf [m]

50 0.8
63 0.8
75 0.8
90 0.9 A fixed point is made at every expansion
110 1.1 sleeve or every socket.
For electro-fusion polyethylene systems the
125 1.3 maximum distance is 6 meters whereas for
160 1.6 push-fit systems it is 3 meters.
200 2.0
250 2.0
315 2.0
77
Figure 3.62 Wall anchoring by means of expansion sleeves or sockets.
Pf

LPs
Ps
LPs LPf
Ps
Dil
Pf
Ps
Table 3.5 Distances of clips for wall anchoring by means of expansion sleeves or sockets.
Diameter De [mm] LPs [m] LPf [m]
50 1.0
63 1.0
75 1.1
90 1.4 A fixed point is made at every expansion
110 1.7 sleeve or every socket.
For electro-fusion polyethylene systems the
125 1.9 maximum distance is 6 meters whereas for
160 2.4 push-fit systems it is 3 meters.
200 3.0
250 3.0
315 3.0
78
3.9.2.2 Pipe support by means of a flexible arm
Pipe support by means of a flexible arm takes advantage of the flexing capacity of the pipe to absorb the variations in length, thus avoiding
the employment of expansion sleeves; it is, therefore, a suitable method for polyethylene waste systems, for which the connections must
be welded.
Anchoring with a flexible arm enables compensation of the variation in length ΔL [mm] of a pipe length L by means of flexing a section of
the perpendicular conduit of length LBf.
The length of the flexible arm LBf is given by the following equation:
L De
L Bf = [3.7]
100
with ΔL and De expressed in [mm] and LBf expressed in [m].
As the flexible arm is itself subject to variations in length, the section of pipework L must be capable of absorbing them. The section
of pipework L that is free of brackets and acts as a compensator must have a length of HBf calculated by using the same equation but
considering the length to be compensated as LBf.
3
L3Bf
HBf = [3.8]
L

with LBf, L and HBf expressed in [m].
The brackets must observe the distances seen previously and employed for the anchoring by means of expansion sleeves or sockets.
Figure 3.63 Anchoring by means of flexible arm.
Pf
LBf
Pf Ps Ps Ps
ΔLBf
L Ps LPs LPs HBf
L ΔL
79
Figure 3.64 Length of flexible arm.
Pipe diameter De [mm] Pipe lenght L [m]
10 9 8 7
2.5
315
6
250 5
4
2.0 200
3
160
135 2
Lenght of flexible arm LBf [m]
125
1.5 110
90
1
78
75
63
58
1.0 50
40
32
3 0.5

0 20 60 100 140 180 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
Expansione/contraction ΔL [mm] Lenght of flexible arm HBf [m]
Example 3
Calculate the length of the flexible arm of a polyethylene pipe De 110 mm, 6 m in length, subject to a variation in temperature of +50°C.
With a variation in temperature of +50°C the expansion of the pipe is:
L= L T = 0.2 6 50 = 60 mm [3.9]
from which the flexible arms are easily calculated:
60 110
L Bf = = 0.81 m [3.10]
100
0,813
H
Bf = = 0.29 m [3.11]
6
The same results are obtained by the diagram in Figure 3.64.
80
3.9.3 Rigid anchoring
3.9.3.1 Anchoring by means of fixed point pipe clips

Rigid anchoring by means of fixed point pipe clips is employed in waste systems made of polyethylene where the connections are welded
together. This takes advantage of the flexing capacity of the pipe to absorb the positive variations in length (expansion) and the elasticity of
the material to absorb the compression stress caused by negative variations in length (contractions).
This system is recommended for brief sections (5-7 m) and for restricted temperature variations (20-30°C). For this type of anchoring, clips
should be used that are capable of resisting the elevated force that is unloaded, through the anchor screws, onto the building structure.
For this reason this type of method should be adopted for pipes with a diameter De smaller than 200 mm.
The maximum distances of the clips to be adopted in rigid anchoring are indicated in the following table.
Table 3.6 Distances of the clips for rigid anchoring.
Diameter De [mm] LPf [m]
50 0.8
63 0.8 3
75 0.8
90 0.9
110 1.1

125 1.3
160 1.6
200 2.0
250 2.0
315 2.0
Figure 3.65 Rigid anchoring by means of fixed point clips.
Pf
LPf
Pf
LPf
Pf Pf Pf Pf Pf Pf
LPf LPf LPf LPf LPf
81
3.9.3.2 Installation in concrete
The pipework can be laid directly in the concrete and a typical situation is that of the waste branches, for example inside the bathroom.
Unlike metal conduits, the elevated elasticity of the plastic material allows the complete absorption of the stress that is generated in the
pipe due to fluctuations in temperature.
When laying pipes directly in concrete work, several simple suggestions should be kept in consideration:
■■ The sockets should be covered with paper or plastic film to avoid, for example, concrete entering the pipe during installation.
■■ Small diameter deviations (for example reduced branches) should be covered with paper or insulated in such a way as to absorb the
dimensional variations; the forces that are generated could be of an elevated entity and could unload onto the deviation itself.
■■ The discharge network should be anchored, if possible, to avoid movement of the same and hence loosening of the pipes or fittings from
the sockets when the cement is being poured.

■■ The pipework that crosses through outer walls can be subjected to elevated levels of stress due to movements and settling of the ground;
in these cases, it is recommended to cover the section with insulation.
Figure 3.66 Insulation of the socket laid in concrete.

Socket
3
Insulation
Figure 3.67 Insulation of a reduced branch laid in concrete.
Reduced branch Insulation
82
4 Dimensioning of waste systems in compliance with uni en 12056
4.1 Introduction
The standard that regulates the dimensioning of gravity waste systems inside buildings is the European Standard UNI EN 12056 composed
of five parts. This standard is applied to systems for discharge of waste water operating by gravity inside buildings for residential, industrial,
commercial, institutional and industrial use. The standard describes the main systems but does not deal with them in detail due to the
complexity and vast nature of the system configurations in existence today. Part 2 of the standard, that will be dealt with in this chapter,
establishes the principles to follow for project design and calculation.
The standard classifies the system into four types, which are in turn divided by the type of ventilation adopted. The type suggested by Valsir
and adopted by the greater part of European countries among which, Germany, Switzerland, Ireland, is the “waste system with single waste
stack and partially full waste branches”. In this case the sanitary fixtures are connected to the waste branches that are dimensioned for a
filling degree equal to 0.5 (50%).
The dimensioning process of a waste system can be divided up into the following phrases:
■■ Calculation of the flow rates in relation to the drainage units of the sanitary fixtures connected.
■■ Determination of the diameters of branches that connect the sanitary fixtures to the waste stacks.
■■ Determination of the diameters of the waste stacks.
■■ Determination of the diameters of the waste manifolds.
In the following paragraphs the waste flows will be based on the nominal diameters of the pipework; the European Standard UNI EN 12056
establishes a correlation between the nominal diameters and the minimum internal diameters, this enables us to define a corresponding 4
table for the various product lines manufactured by Valsir:
Table 4.1 Correspondence between nominal diameters and external diameters of the waste pipe for different product lines.
De [mm]
Dimensioning of waste systems in compliance with uni en 12056

DN di, min
Polyethylene Polypropylene Triplus Silere
30 26 32 32
40 34 40 40 40
50 44 50 50 50 58
56 49 56
60 56 63
70 68 75 75 75 78
80 75
90 79 90 90 90 90
100 96 110 110 110 110
125 113 125 125 125 135
150 146 160 160 160 160
200 184 200
225 207
250 230 250
300 290 315
4.2 Calculation of the flow rates

The dimensioning of a waste system is bases on the total flow rates Qtot that circulate in the various sections deriving from the sanitary
fixtures; the continuous flow fixtures (for example the waste water of cooling systems) and any waste waster pumps.
Q tot = Q ww +Qc + Qp [4.1]
where:
Qww is the flow rate of the waste waters caused by sanitary fixtures [l/s],
Q c is the continuous flow rate [l/s]],
Q p is the pumping flow rate [l/s].
83
If the system does not have continuous flow rates or waste water pumps, then the total flow rate for each section of the waste system is
given exclusively by the flow rate of the sanitary fixtures and therefore the previous equation becomes:
Q tot = Q ww [4.2]
The waste flow of the waste waters Qww in a section of the system is not the algebraic sum of the flows of all of the sanitary fixtures that
lead into that section, but it is obtained by means of a simple formula that takes account of the factor of contemporary use of the fixtures.
In a building it is reasonable to assume that not all of the sanitary fixtures will be discharged contemporarily, therefore, the flows that
are flushed into the waste system are less than the algebraic sum of the flows of the single fixtures. The levels of simultaneous use
obviously depend on the type of building: a household has a usage frequency of the sanitary fixtures that is lower than that of hospitals or
restaurants.
The formula for calculating the flow rate of the waste waters in relation to the type of building is the following:
Q ww = K DU [4.3]
where:
K is the factor of contemporary use (or frequency factor) defined in the table that follows.
∑DU is the sum of the drainage units of the sanitary fixtures that flow in that section of the system.
The drainage unit DU (Drainage Unit) is the average flow rate of a sanitary fixture expressed in litres per second [l/s].
It is important to remember that the value Qww must correspond, minimum, to the flow rate of the sanitary fixtures with the biggest drainage
unit.
4 Table 4.2 Coefficient of contemporary use as a function of use and type of building.
Use Building type Coefficient K
Intermittent Homes and offices 0.5

Frequent Hospitals, schools, restaurants, hotels 0.7

Very frequent Public bathrooms and showers 1.0
Special Laboratories 1.2
With the following diagram or table it is possible to identify the flow rate of the waste waters as a function of the coefficient of contemporary
use and the sum of the drainage units of the sanitary fixtures that flow in the section of the system.
Figure 4.1 Flow rate of waste waters in relation to the coefficient of contemporary use and the sum of the drainage units.
10
25
K=1.2
9
K=1.2
8 K=1.0 20
7 K=1.0
Flow rate of waste waters Qww [l/s]
6
15
K=0.7
5 K=0.7
4 K=0.5 10
K=0.5
3
2 5
0 © 2010 Valsir S.p.A.

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 100 200 300 400
Sum of the drainage units ∑ DU [l/s]
84
Table 4.3 Flow rate of waste waters in relation to the coefficient of contemporary use and the sum of the drainage units.
Qww [l/s] Qww [l/s]
∑ DU [l/s] ∑ DU [l/s]
K = 0.5 K = 0.7 K=1 K = 1.2 K = 0.5 K = 0.7 K=1 K = 1.2
1.0 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.2 65 4.0 5.6 8.1 9.7
1.2 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.3 70 4.2 5.9 8.4 10.0
1.4 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.4 75 4.3 6.1 8.7 10.4
1.6 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.5 80 4.5 6.3 8.9 10.7
1.8 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.6 85 4.6 6.5 9.2 11.1
2.0 0.7 1.0 1.4 1.7 90 4.7 6.6 9.5 11.4
2.5 0.8 1.1 1.6 1.9 95 4.9 6.8 9.7 11.7
3.0 0.9 1.2 1.7 2.1 100 5.0 7.0 10.0 12.0
3.5 0.9 1.3 1.9 2.2 110 5.2 7.3 10.5 12.6
4.0 1.0 1.4 2.0 2.4 120 5.5 7.7 11.0 13.1
4.5 1.1 1.5 2.1 2.5 130 5.7 8.0 11.4 13.7
5.0 1.1 1.6 2.2 2.7 140 5.9 8.3 11.8 14.2
6.0 1.2 1.7 2.4 2.9 150 6.1 8.6 12.2 14.7
8.0 1.4 2.0 2.8 3.4 160 6.3 8.9 12.6 15.2
10 1.6 2.2 3.2 3.8 170 6.5 9.1 13.0 15.6
12 1.7 2.4 3.5 4.2 180 6.7 9.4 13.4 16.1
14 1.9 2.6 3.7 4.5 190 6.9 9.6 13.8 16.5
16 2.0 2.8 4.0 4.8 200 7.1 9.9 14.1 17.0
18 2.1 3.0 4.2 5.1 220 7.4 10.4 14.8 17.8
20 2.2 3.1 4.5 5.4 240 7.7 10.8 15.5 18.6 4
25 2.5 3.5 5.0 6.0 260 8.1 11.3 16.1 19.3
30 2.7 3.8 5.5 6.6 280 8.4 11.7 16.7 20.1
35 3.0 4.1 5.9 7.1 300 8.7 12.1 17.3 20.8

40 3.2 4.4 6.3 7.6 320 8.9 12.5 17.9 21.5
45 3.4 4.7 6.7 8.0 340 9.2 12.9 18.4 22.1
50 3.5 4.9 7.1 8.5 360 9.5 13.3 19.0 22.8
55 3.7 5.2 7.4 8.9 380 9.7 13.6 19.5 23.4
60 3.9 5.4 7.7 9.3 400 10.0 14.0 20.0 24.0
The Standard proposes the values for the drainage units DU for various types of sanitary fixtures for domestic use; these values must be
considered if there is no information on hand regarding the products that will actually be installed.
Table 4.4 Typical flow rates for various types of sanitary fixtures (domestic).
Sanitary fixture DU [l/s]
Washbasin 0.5
Bidet 0.5
Shower without plug 0.6
Shower with plug 0.8
Urinal with cistern 0.8
Urinal with flush valve 0.5
Wall urinal 0.2
Bathtub 0.8
Kitchen sink 0.8
Dishwasher (domestic) 0.8
Washing machine, max. load 6 kg 0.8
Washing machine, max. load 12 kg 1.5
WC with 6 l cistern 2.0
WC with 7.5 l cistern 2.0
WC with 9 l cistern 2.5
Floor drain DN 50 0.8
85
4.3 Dimensioning of waste branches
The dimensioning of the waste branches depends on whether there is a ventilation system for the branch itself. The Standard establishes
not just the nominal diameters in relation to the waste flow but also the restrictions on the geometry of the branches.
Figure 4.2 Branch and characteristic dimensions.
Fitting bend
4 4.3.1 Dimensioning of branches without vent

The restrictions on the geometry and characteristics of the branches indicated in Figure 4.2 are specified in the following table.
Table 4.5 Geometrical restrictions on branch without vent.

Characteristic Restriction
Branch length (between the trap attachment and the waste stack) L≤4m
Difference in height (between the trap attachment and the horizontal section) H≤1m
Minimum gradient of the horizontal section 1%
Maximum number of 90° bends (excluding the trap bend attachment) 3
The maximum flow rates allowed in relation to the nominal diameters are indicated in the following table.
Table 4.6 Maximum flow rates and nominal diameters of the branches without vents.
Branch DN Maximum flow rate Qmax [l/s] Typical sanitary fixture
40 0.50 Washbasin, bidet, urinal without cistern

Shower, bathtub, sink, dishwasher, washing machine
50 0.80 max. load 6 kg
60 1.00
70 1.50 Washing machine max. load 12 kg
80 2.00
90* 2.25 WC with cistern up to 7.5 l
100 2.50 WC with 9 l cistern
* In the presence of a WC the minimum diameter allowed is DN 90 as long as there are no more than two WCs on the same branch and the total change in direction is no
greater than 90°, if this is not the case then diameter DN 100 should be used.
86
4.3.2 Dimensioning of ventilated braches
In the case of ventilated branches the geometrical restrictions and the characteristics specified in Figure 4.2 are reduced to the values
indicated in the table.
Table 4.7 Geometrical restrictions on ventilated branches.
Characteristic Restriction
Branch length (between the trap attachment and the waste stack) L ≤ 10 m
Difference in height (between the trap attachment and the horizontal section) H≤3m
Minimum gradient of the horizontal section 0.5%
Maximum number of 90° bends (excluding the trap bend attachment) No restriction
The following table indicates the maximum flow rate allowed in relation to the nominal diameters and the minimum diameters required for
the vent pipe of the branch.
Table 4.8 Maximum flows and nominal diameters of the branches and vent pipes.
Branch DN Max flow rate Qmax [l/s] Vent DN Typical sanitary fixture
50 0.75 40 Washbasin, bidet, urinal without cistern

Shower, bathtub, sink, dishwasher, washing
60 1.50 40 machine 4
70 2.25 50
80 3.00 50
90* 3.40 60 WC

100 3.75 60
* In the presence of a WC the minimum diameter allowed is DN 90 as long as there are no more than two WCs on the same branch and the total change in direction is no
greater than 90°, if this is not the case then diameter DN 100 should be used.
87
4.4 Dimensioning of the waste stack
The diameter of the waste stack is chosen as a function of the type of vent adopted (primary, parallel, secondary) and the type of fitting
used for attachment to the stack (square branch or angle branch).
4.4.1 Dimensioning of stacks with primary ventilation

The diameter of the stack depends on the flow to be discharged and the type of fitting used for attachment of the branch to the stack.
Table 4.9 Flow rates of the waste stack with primary ventilation.
Max. flow rate Qmax [l/s]
Waste stack and relief vent*
DN Square branch Angle branch
60 0.5 0.7
70 1.5 2.0
80 2.0 2.6
90 2.7 3.5
100** 4.0 5.2
125 5.8 7.6
150 9.5 12.4
200 16.0 21.0
4 * Waste stack relief vent is the extension of the waste stack above the highest branch attachment. The extension must have the same diameter as the waste stack.
** Minimum dimension allowed if waste water from at least one WC flows through the branch.
88
4.4.2 Dimensioning of stacks with parallel or secondary ventilation
The diameter of the waste and vent stack depends on the flow to be discharged and the type of fitting used for attachment of the branch
to the stack.
Table 4.10 Flow rate of the waste stack with parallel or secondary ventilation.
Max. flow rate Qmax [l/s]
Waste stack DN Vent stack DN
Square branch Angle branch
60 50 0.7 0.9
70 50 2.0 2.6
80 50 2.6 3.4
90 50 3.5 4.6
100* 50 5.6 7.3
125 70 7.6 10.0
150 80 12.4 18.3
200 100 21.0 27.3
* Minimum dimension allowed if waste water from at least one WC flows through the branch.
The dimensions of the vent stack must be increased if the length of the conduits or the number of bends is elevated; in this 4
case Valsir suggests increasing the diameters indicated by the UNI EN 12056 Standard by adopting the dimensions indicated
in the following table.
Tabella 4.11 Diameters (increased) of the vent stacks.
DIMENSIONING OF WASTE SYSTEMS IN COMPLIANCE WITH UNI EN 12056

Waste stack DN Vent stack DN
60 50
70 56
80 60
90 60
100 70
125 80
150 100
200 150
4.4.3 Dimensioning of stacks with ventilation branches

The dimensioning of waste systems with ventilation branches is more or less the same as the calculations adopted for traditional waste
systems as described in the European Standard UNI EN 12056, The only difference regards the calculation of the waste stacks that, being
of a defined dimension (DN 100 or else DN 150), require exclusively the verification of the waste flow rates.
The dimensioning process therefore, involves the following phases:

■■ Calculation of the flow rates in relation to the drainage units of the sanitary fixtures attached.
■■ Determination of the diameters of the branches connecting the sanitary fixtures to the waste stacks.
■■ Verification of flow rates that can be discharged and, if necessary, the division of the system into more than one waste stack.
■■ Determination of the diameters of the waste manifolds.
The verification phase of the waste stacks involves comparing the maximum flow rates that can be discharged by the system (8.7 l/s for
stack diameters DN 100 and 18.1 l/s for stack diameters DN 150) with those required. Furthermore, the restrictions on geometry and flow
rates as defined in the chapter dedicated to project design, must be kept in consideration.
89
4.5 Dimensioning of waste manifolds
The waste manifolds are dimensioned in relation to the flow to be discharged, the gradient of the conduit and the filling degree to be
achieved. The formula that can be applied for the calculation are quite a lot, in the diagrams and in the following tables the Chézy-Bazin
formula was used with a roughness coefficient of about 0.16 m1/2 (corresponding to an equivalent roughness of 1 mm as suggested by the
European Standard UNI EN 12056)*.
For the choice of diameter it is possible to use:

a) the tables created with specific filling degrees,
b) the diagram of the flow rates together with the corrective factors of flow and velocity for the different filling degrees.
To use the tables and the diagram take a look at the examples at the end of this chapter.
Table 4.12 Velocity and flow of the waste pipes in relation to the gradient and for a filling degree h/Di=0.5 (50%).
DN = 80 DN = 90 DN = 100 DN = 125 DN = 150 DN = 200 DN = 225 DN = 250 DN = 300

i
[cm/m]
v Q v Q v Q v Q v Q v Q v Q v Q v Q
[m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s]
0.5 0.4 0.8 0.4 1.0 0.5 1.7 0.5 2.6 0.6 5.3 0.7 9.9 0.8 13.6 0.9 18.2 1.0 33.9
1.0 0.5 1.2 0.6 1.4 0.7 2.4 0.7 3.7 0.9 7.5 1.1 14.0 1.1 19.3 1.2 25.7 1.5 48.0
1.5 0.7 1.5 0.7 1.7 0.8 2.9 0.9 4.5 1.1 9.1 1.3 17.2 1.4 23.6 1.5 31.4 1.8 58.8
4 2.0 0.8 1.7 0.8 1.9 0.9 3.3 1.0 5.2 1.3 10.6 1.5 19.8 1.6 27.3 1.7 36.3 2.1 67.8
2.5 0.9 1.9 0.9 2.2 1.0 3.7 1.2 5.9 1.4 11.8 1.7 22.2 1.8 30.5 2.0 40.6 2.3 75.8
3.0 0.9 2.1 1.0 2.4 1.1 4.1 1.3 6.4 1.5 12.9 1.8 24.3 2.0 33.4 2.1 44.5 2.5 83.1
3.5 1.0 2.2 1.1 2.6 1.2 4.4 1.4 6.9 1.7 14.0 2.0 26.2 2.1 36.1 2.3 48.0 2.7 89.7
4.0 1.1 2.4 1.1 2.8 1.3 4.7 1.5 7.4 1.8 14.9 2.1 28.0 2.3 38.6 2.5 51.3 2.9 95.9
4.5 1.1 2.5 1.2 2.9 1.4 5.0 1.6 7.8 1.9 15.8 2.2 29.7 2.4 40.9 2.6 54.5 3.1 101.8
5.0 1.2 2.7 1.3 3.1 1.5 5.3 1.6 8.3 2.0 16.7 2.4 31.4 2.6 43.2 2.8 57.4 3.2 107.3

i
[cm/m]
0.5 0.4 1.1 0.4 1.3 0.5 2.3 0.6 3.5 0.7 7.1 0.8 13.4 0.9 18.4 0.9 24.5 1.1 45.7
1.0 0.6 1.6 0.6 1.9 0.7 3.2 0.8 5.0 1.0 10.1 1.1 18.9 1.2 26.0 1.3 34.6 1.6 64.6
1.5 0.7 2.0 0.7 2.3 0.9 3.9 1.0 6.1 1.2 12.4 1.4 23.2 1.5 31.9 1.6 42.4 1.9 79.1
2.0 0.8 2.3 0.9 2.6 1.0 4.5 1.1 7.1 1.4 14.3 1.6 26.8 1.7 36.8 1.9 49.0 2.2 91.3
2.5 0.9 2.6 1.0 3.0 1.1 5.1 1.3 7.9 1.5 16.0 1.8 29.9 2.0 41.2 2.1 54.7 2.5 102.1
3.0 1.0 2.8 1.1 3.2 1.2 5.5 1.4 8.7 1.7 17.5 2.0 32.8 2.1 45.1 2.3 60.0 2.7 111.9
3.5 1.1 3.0 1.1 3.5 1.3 6.0 1.5 9.4 1.8 18.9 2.1 35.4 2.3 48.7 2.5 64.8 2.9 120.8
4.0 1.2 3.2 1.2 3.7 1.4 6.4 1.6 10.0 1.9 20.2 2.3 37.9 2.5 52.1 2.7 69.2 3.1 129.2
4.5 1.2 3.4 1.3 4.0 1.5 6.8 1.7 10.6 2.0 21.4 2.4 40.2 2.6 55.3 2.8 73.4 3.3 137.0
5.0 1.3 3.6 1.4 4.2 1.6 7.2 1.8 11.2 2.2 22.6 2.5 42.3 2.8 58.2 3.0 77.4 3.5 144.4
* Further details on the formula adopted are found in the appendix.
90

i
[cm/m]
0.5 0.4 1.4 0.5 1.7 0.5 2.8 0.6 4.4 0.7 8.9 0.8 16.7 0.9 23.0 1.0 30.6 1.2 57.0
1.0 0.6 2.0 0.6 2.3 0.7 4.0 0.8 6.3 1.0 12.6 1.2 23.7 1.3 32.5 1.4 43.2 1.6 80.6
1.5 0.8 2.5 0.8 2.9 0.9 4.9 1.0 7.7 1.2 15.5 1.5 29.0 1.6 39.8 1.7 52.9 2.0 98.7
2.0 0.9 2.9 0.9 3.3 1.0 5.7 1.2 8.9 1.4 17.9 1.7 33.5 1.8 46.0 2.0 61.1 2.3 113.9
2.5 1.0 3.2 1.0 3.7 1.2 6.3 1.3 9.9 1.6 20.0 1.9 37.4 2.0 51.4 2.2 68.3 2.6 127.4
3.0 1.1 3.5 1.1 4.1 1.3 7.0 1.4 10.9 1.7 21.9 2.1 41.0 2.2 56.3 2.4 74.9 2.8 139.6
3.5 1.2 3.8 1.2 4.4 1.4 7.5 1.6 11.7 1.9 23.6 2.2 44.3 2.4 60.9 2.6 80.9 3.1 150.7
4.0 1.2 4.1 1.3 4.7 1.5 8.0 1.7 12.6 2.0 25.3 2.4 47.3 2.6 65.1 2.8 86.4 3.3 161.1
4.5 1.3 4.3 1.4 5.0 1.6 8.5 1.8 13.3 2.1 26.8 2.5 50.2 2.7 69.0 3.0 91.7 3.5 170.9
5.0 1.4 4.5 1.4 5.2 1.7 9.0 1.9 14.0 2.3 28.2 2.7 52.9 2.9 72.7 3.1 96.6 3.6 180.2

i
[cm/m]
v
[m/s]
Q
[l/s]
v
[m/s]
Q
[l/s]
v
[m/s]
Q
[l/s]
v
[m/s]
Q
[l/s]
v
[m/s]
Q
[l/s]
v
[m/s]
Q
[l/s]
v
[m/s]
Q
[l/s]
v
[m/s]
Q
[l/s]
v
[m/s]
Q
[l/s] 4
0.5 0.4 1.7 0.5 1.9 0.5 3.3 0.6 5.2 0.7 10.4 0.9 19.6 0.9 26.9 1.0 35.7 1.2 66.5
1.0 0.6 2.4 0.7 2.7 0.8 4.7 0.9 7.3 1.0 14.8 1.2 27.7 1.3 38.0 1.4 50.5 1.7 94.1
1.5 0.8 2.9 0.8 3.4 0.9 5.8 1.0 9.0 1.3 18.1 1.5 33.9 1.6 46.6 1.7 61.8 2.0 115.2

2.0 0.9 3.4 0.9 3.9 1.1 6.6 1.2 10.4 1.5 20.9 1.7 39.1 1.9 53.8 2.0 71.4 2.3 133.1
2.5 1.0 3.8 1.0 4.3 1.2 7.4 1.3 11.6 1.6 23.3 1.9 43.7 2.1 60.1 2.2 79.8 2.6 148.8
3.0 1.1 4.1 1.1 4.8 1.3 8.1 1.5 12.7 1.8 25.6 2.1 47.9 2.3 65.8 2.5 87.5 2.9 163
3.5 1.2 4.5 1.2 5.1 1.4 8.8 1.6 13.7 1.9 27.6 2.3 51.7 2.5 71.1 2.7 94.5 3.1 176
4.0 1.3 4.8 1.3 5.5 1.5 9.4 1.7 14.7 2.1 29.5 2.4 55.3 2.6 76.0 2.8 101 3.3 188.2
4.5 1.3 5.0 1.4 5.8 1.6 10.0 1.8 15.6 2.2 31.3 2.6 58.7 2.8 80.6 3.0 107.1 3.5 199.6
5.0 1.4 5.3 1.5 6.1 1.7 10.5 1.9 16.4 2.3 33.0 2.7 61.8 2.9 85.0 3.2 112.9 3.7 210.4

i
[cm/m]
0.5 0.4 1.8 0.5 2.1 0.5 3.6 0.6 5.7 0.7 11.4 0.8 21.3 0.9 29.3 1.0 38.9 1.2 72.5
1.0 0.6 2.6 0.6 3.0 0.7 5.1 0.8 8.0 1.0 16.1 1.2 30.1 1.3 41.4 1.4 55.0 1.6 102.6
1.5 0.8 3.2 0.8 3.7 0.9 6.3 1.0 9.8 1.2 19.7 1.5 36.9 1.6 50.7 1.7 67.4 2.0 125.6
2.0 0.9 3.7 0.9 4.2 1.1 7.2 1.2 11.3 1.4 22.7 1.7 42.6 1.8 58.6 2.0 77.8 2.3 145.1
2.5 1.0 4.1 1.0 4.7 1.2 8.1 1.3 12.6 1.6 25.4 1.9 47.6 2.1 65.5 2.2 87.0 2.6 162.2
3.0 1.1 4.5 1.1 5.2 1.3 8.9 1.5 13.8 1.8 27.9 2.1 52.2 2.2 71.7 2.4 95.3 2.8 177.7
3.5 1.2 4.8 1.2 5.6 1.4 9.6 1.6 15.0 1.9 30.1 2.2 56.4 2.4 77.5 2.6 103.0 3.1 191.9
4.0 1.2 5.2 1.3 6.0 1.5 10.2 1.7 16.0 2.0 32.2 2.4 60.3 2.6 82.8 2.8 110.1 3.3 205.2
4.5 1.3 5.5 1.4 6.3 1.6 10.8 1.8 17.0 2.1 34.1 2.5 63.9 2.8 87.9 3.0 116.7 3.5 217.6
5.0 1.4 5.8 1.4 6.7 1.7 11.4 1.9 17.9 2.3 36.0 2.7 67.4 2.9 92.6 3.1 123.1 3.7 229.4
91

i
[cm/m]
0.5 0.4 1.7 0.4 1.9 0.5 3.3 0.5 5.2 0.6 10.6 0.7 19.8 0.8 27.3 0.9 36.3 1.0 67.8
1.0 0.5 2.4 0.6 2.8 0.7 4.7 0.7 7.4 0.9 14.9 1.1 28.0 1.1 38.6 1.2 51.3 1.5 95.9
1.5 0.7 2.9 0.7 3.4 0.8 5.8 0.9 9.1 1.1 18.3 1.3 34.3 1.4 47.3 1.5 62.9 1.8 117.5
2.0 0.8 3.4 0.8 3.9 0.9 6.7 1.0 10.5 1.3 21.1 1.5 39.7 1.6 54.6 1.7 72.6 2.1 135.7
2.5 0.9 3.8 0.9 4.4 1.0 7.5 1.2 11.7 1.4 23.6 1.7 44.3 1.8 61.0 2.0 81.2 2.3 151.7
3.0 0.9 4.1 1.0 4.8 1.1 8.2 1.3 12.8 1.5 25.9 1.8 48.6 2.0 66.9 2.1 88.9 2.5 166.2
3.5 1.0 4.5 1.1 5.2 1.2 8.8 1.4 13.8 1.7 27.9 2.0 52.5 2.1 72.2 2.3 96.1 2.7 179.5
4.0 1.1 4.8 1.1 5.5 1.3 9.4 1.5 14.8 1.8 29.9 2.1 56.1 2.3 77.2 2.5 102.7 2.9 191.9
4.5 1.1 5.1 1.2 5.8 1.4 10.0 1.6 15.7 1.9 31.7 2.2 59.5 2.4 81.9 2.6 108.9 3.1 203.5
5.0 1.2 5.3 1.3 6.2 1.5 10.6 1.6 16.5 2.0 33.4 2.4 62.7 2.6 86.3 2.8 114.8 3.2 214.5
Table 4.18 Corrective multiplying factors of flow and velocity for the values in Figure 4.3.
h/Di KQ Kv
4
1.0 2.00 1.00
0.9 2.07 1.09
0.8 1.89 1.10
0.7 1.63 1.09

0.6 1.32 1.05
0.5 1.00 1.00
0.4 0.69 0.93
0.3 0.42 0.83
0.2 0.20 0.69
0.1 0.05 0.50
92
4
100
93
Water temperature 10° C
80 Filling h/Di = 0,5
50
56
60
70
80
90
5
0
0
12
22
10
15
20
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
60
40
0
25
DN
20
0
30
10
DN
8
Figure 4.3 Diagram of flows and velocity as a function of gradient for filling degree h/Di=0.5 (50%).
6
4.0
4 3.5
Gradient [cm/m]
3.0
2
2.5
1
2.0
0.8
1.8
0.6
1.6
0.4
1.4
1.2
0.2
1.0
Velocity [m/s] 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0.1
10
20
40
60
80
0.4
0.6
0.8
100
200
Water flow [l/s]
4.6 Dimensioning examples
Example 1 System with primary ventilation
Consider the waste system shown in Figure 4.4 The waste stack and manifold need to be dimensioned. The building, which is residential,
is composed of 12 apartments laid out over 3 floors and the underground floor is used as a washroom. The waste system is composed of
2 waste stacks equipped with a primary vent, to which the branches are connected by means of square branches. The waste manifold has
a gradient of 1% and must be dimensioned for a filling degree of 50%.
Figure 4.4 Waste system layout.
4
A B C D
Each apartment has the following fixtures:

■■ 2 WCs with 7.5 litre cisterns.
■■ 1 shower.
■■ 1 bathtub.
■■ 3 washbasins.
■■ 1 sink.
■■ 1 dishwash.
The washroom is equipped with:

■■ 2 washing machines 6 kg.
■■ 2 sinks.
94
Calculation of flow rates
By using the Table 4.4 it is possible to calculate the total flow rate coming from each apartment and from the washroom.
Table 4.19 Bathroom.
Sanitary fixture Quantity DU ∑ DU
WC with 7.5 litre cistern 2 2.0 4.0

Shower 1 0.6 0.6
Bathtub 1 0.8 0.8
Washbasin 3 0.5 1.5
Sink 1 0.8 0.8
Dishwasher 1 0.8 0.8
Total 8.5
Table 4.20 Washroom.
Sanitary fixture Quantity DU ∑ DU
6 kg washing machine 2 0.8 1.6

Sink 2 0.5 1.0
Total 2.6
It is not possible to dimension the waste branches in that there is no drawing available with the horizontal distribution of the fixtures, we 4
proceed, therefore, with the calculation of the waste stacks.
Dimensioning of the waste stacks

In theory, each section of the stack can be dimensioned in relation to the flow that is conveyed from all the apartments in question and

therefore, the upper part of the stack, in which the flows are discharged from two apartments, could have a smaller diameter than the lower
part of the stack, into which the flows of 6 apartments are discharged.
In reality, the European Standard UNI EN 12056 requires that the relief vent stack (extension of the waste stack with the end terminating in
the open air) has the same diameter as the waste stack. As each waste stack represents, due to the lower branches, a relief vent stack, it
is necessary to dimension the diameter for the maximum flow and, therefore, for the 6 apartments.
The total flow is:
DU = 6 8.5 = 51.0 l/s [4.4]
and, therefore, the project flow, given by the equation [4.3], is:
Q
ww = K DU = 0.5 51.0 = 3.6 l/s [4.5]
considering that the building is residential and the contemporary use degree is K=0.5.
From tha table 4.9 we find that the diameter of the two stacks (equipped with square branch) must be DN 100, this is the diameter that, in fact,
ensures a flow rate no smaller than 3.6 l/s. DN 100 is also the minimum diameter allowed when waste water is being drained from WCs.
Dimensioning of the waste manifolds

Before dimensioning the waste manifold, it is necessary to first calculate the flow rates discharged in the various sections:
Table 4.21 Distribution of flow in the waste manifold.
Section Users served ∑ DU [l/s] Qww [l/s]
AB 6 apartments 51.0 0.5 51.0 = 3.6

BC 6 apartments + washroom 51.0 + 2.6 0.5 53.6 = 3.7
CD 12 apartments + washroom 51.0 + 2.6 + 51.0 0.5 104.6 = 5.1
95
The choice of diameter of the various sections can be made by following the tables. For a specific case, for a filling degree of 50% use table
4.12 from which the minimum diameter must be identified, for the gradient of 1%, that ensures a flow no smaller than the one calculated.
For the sections AB and BC diameter DN 125 is necessary, that ensures required flows of 3.6 and 3.7 l/s, whereas for the section CD a
diameter of DN 150 is necessary, that ensures a flow rate of 7.5 l/s > 5.1 l/s.
The same result can be obtained by means of figure 4.3 as indicated.
Figure 4.5 Choice of diameters of waste stacks.
0
12
15
DN
DN
2
0.8
0.6
Gradient [cm/m]
0.4
4 0.2

0.1
8
6
10
0.4
0.6
0.8
3.7 5.1
Water flow [l/s]
The final layout of the system is shown in the following figure.
Figure 4.6 Dimensions of waste system.
DN 100 DN 100
DN 100 DN 100
DN 100 DN 100
DN 100 DN 100
A
DN 125 B DN 125 C DN 150 D
96
Example 2 Waste branch
The waste branch needs to be dimensioned (intermittent use K=0.5) for connection of the fixtures indicated in Figure 4.7 made up of 8
WCs (with 9 l cisterns) and 10 washbasins.
Figure 4.7 Arrangement of the sanitary fixtures.

4

In order to calculate the diameters of the branches it is necessary to define the flows deriving from each sanitary fixture through Table 4.4.
For the series of WCs, which in sequence are united inside the branch, the diameters are indicated in the table. Keeping in mind that the
project flow can be no less that the sanitary fixture with the greatest drainage unit, a branch with one diameter DN 100 is obtained.
Table 4.22 Series of WCs.

DU ∑DU QWW
N. Sanitary fixture Branch DN
[l/s] [l/s] [l/s]
1 WC (9 litre cistern) 2.5 2.5 2.5 100
2 WC (9 litre cistern) 2.5 5.0 0.5 5.0 = 1.11 assumed flow 2.5* 100
4 WC (9 litre cistern) 2.5 10.0 0.5 10 = 1.58 assumed flow2.5* 100
* Remember that, if the project flow is smaller that the flow of one of the sanitary fixtures served, then the latter value is used as the project flow rate. In the specific case, the
project flow of 2.3 l/s is less than the drainage units of the WC (with cistern capacity of 9 l) and, therefore, the value must be equal to the flow of the WC itself, that is 2.5 l/s.
97
For the series of washbasins the diameters are indicated in the following table. In this case, the branch is characterised by a variable
diameter that goes from DN 40 to DN 60 where it leads into the stack. Remember, that if the length of the branch exceeds 4 m it is
necessary to vent it (indirect parallel or secondary ventilation).
Table 4.23 Series of washbasins.
DU ∑ DU QWW
N. Sanitary fixture Branch DN
[l/s] [l/s] [l/s]
1 Washbasin 0.5 0.5 0.5 40
2 Washbasin 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 = 0.5 40
3 Washbasin 0.5 1.5 0.5 1.5 = 0.61 50
4 Washbasin 0.5 2.0 0.5 2.0 = 0.71 50
5 Washbasin 0.5 2.5 0.5 2.5 = 0.79 50
6 Washbasin 0.5 3.0 0.5 3.0 = 0.87 60
7 Washbasin 0.5 3.5 0.5 3.5 = 0.94 60
8 Washbasin 0.5 4.0 0.5 4.0 = 1.00 60
4 Figura 4.8 Definition of the diameters of the branches.

DN 100
DN 60
DN 60 DN 50 DN 40
98
Example 3 System with direct parallel ventilation
Here the task is to dimension the waste system of a residential building made up of 5 equally designed floors and shown on the plan in
Figure 4.9. In the figure the technical areas are indicated (red blocks) available for the installation of the waste stacks. The manifold is laid
in the pavement of the underground floor (garage) with a gradient of 1.5% and must be dimensioned for a filling degree of 50%.
The waste system is made with direct parallel ventilation for the black water stacks and primary ventilation of the grey waters. Connection
of the branches (which are not ventilated) is made with square branches.
In the figure the technical areas are numbered and the rooms have been classified in relation to the type of sanitary fixtures installed:
Bathroom – type B1
■■ 1 WC with 9 litre flushing cistern.
■■ 1 bidet.
■■ 1 shower.
■■ 1 washbasin.
■■ 1 sink.
■■ 1 washing machine 6 kg.
Bathroom – type B2
■■ 1 WC with 9 litre flushing cistern.
■■ 1 bidet.
■■ 1 washbasin.
■■ 1 bathtub.
4
Kitchen – type C1
■ 1 sink.
■ 1 dishwasher.

Figure 4.9 Representative plan of building floors.
4
5
B1
C1
B2
B2
3 2 7 6
B1 B1
C1 C1
1 8
99
Calculation of flow rates
With the use of Table 4.4 it is possible to calculate the total flow coming from each sanitary fixture and for the three room types identified
in the project.
Table 4.24 Bathroom - type B1.

DU ∑ DU
Sanitary fixture Quantity
[l/s] [l/s]
WC with 9 litre flushing cistern 1 2.5 2.5
Bidet 1 0.5 0.5
Shower 1 0.6 0.6
Washbasin 1 0.5 0.5
Sink 1 0.8 0.8
Washing machine 6 kg 1 0.8 0.8
Total 5.7
Table 4.25 Bathroom - tipo B2.

DU ∑ DU
[l/s] [l/s]
WC with 9 litre flushing cistern 1 2.5 2.5
4 Bidet
Washbasin
1
1
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Bathtub 1 0.8 0.8
Total 4.3
Table 4.26 Kitchen - tipo C1.

DU ∑ DU
[l/s] [l/s]
Washbasin 1 0.5 0.5
Dishwasher 1 0.8 0.8
Total 1.3
Dimensioning of the waste branches

The choice of the waste branch diameters is made through Table 4.6 by simply comparing the flows of the sanitary fixtures with the
maximum flow allowed for each diameter.
Table 4.27 Choice of diameters of the branches.

DU
Sanitary fixture Branch DN
[l/s]
WC with 9 litre cistern 2.5 100
Shower 0.6 50
Sink 0.8 50
Bathtub 0.8 50
Washing machine 6 kg 0.8 50
Dishwasher 0.8 50
Bidet 0.5 40
Washbasin 0.5 40
After choosing the diameters it is possible to trace the routes on the drawing, paying attention that the restrictions imposed are observed
Table 4.5 and, where possible, connecting the pipes to branches with angles below 90°.
100
Figure 4.10 Branches of room types B1 and B2.
DN 40
DN 50

DN 50 DN 40
DN 110
DN 110
DN 50
DN 50
DN 40
4

DN 50
Figure 4.11 Branches of room type C1.

DN 50
DN 50
101
Dimensioning of waste stacks
With the use of the drawing we find that there are 8 waste stacks numbered with the same numbering as the technical areas and there are
three types; the stacks for the black waste waters (bathrooms) which we will identify with the abbreviation T1 and T2 in relation to the type
of bathroom served and those that transport the grey waste waters (kitchens) that we will label T3.
Table 4.28 Identification of the types of stacks.
Stack type Room served Stacks
T1 Bathroom type B1 2; 4; 7
T2 Bathroom type B2 3; 6
T3 Kitchen type C3 1; 5; 8
For each stack the maximum waste flows must be calculated by summing the flows of the rooms served.
Table 4.29 Waste flows of the stacks

∑ DU Qww
Stack type
[l/s] [l/s]
T1 DU = 5 5.7 = 28.5 0.5 28.5 = 2.7
T2 DU = 5 4.3 = 21.5 0.5 21.5 = 2.3 assumed flow 2.5*
T3 DU = 5 1.3 = 6.5 0.5 6.5 = 1.3

4
* Remember that, if the project flow is smaller that the flow of one of the sanitary fixtures served, then the latter value is used as the project flow rate. In the specific case, the
project flow of 2.3 l/s is less than the drainage units of the WC (with cistern capacity of 9 l) and, therefore, the value must be equal to the flow of the WC itself, that is 2.5 l/s.
From Table 4.10 we find that the stack types T1 and T2 must be made with pipe diameters DN 100 in that, despite the project flow rates
being relatively low, there are WCs connected to them and the standard requires a minimum diameter of DN 100. The diameter for the direct
parallel vent stack is, on the other hand, DN 70 (see Table 4.11). From table 4.9 we see that the stack types T3 must be made with pipe
diameters DN 70 with extension of the relief vent stack to the roof to guarantee the primary ventilation.
Figure 4.12 Dimensioning of waste stacks.
Stack type T1 e T2 Stack types T3
DN 70 DN 100 DN 70
Fifth floor
DN 70 DN 100 DN 70
Fourth floor
DN 70 DN 100 DN 70
Thirt floor
DN 70 DN 100 DN 70
Second floor © 2010 Valsir S.p.A.
DN 70 DN 100 DN 70
First floor
Underground floor
102
Dimensioning of the waste manifolds
Once the configuration of the waste manifold has been defined on the plan, we proceed with the calculation of the diameters of the various
sections. The layout of the waste manifold and the identification of the various sections is shown in Figure 4.13.
Figure 4.13 Configuration of the waste manifold.

T1 T3
T2 T1
T1 T2
T3
T3
4 5
M
L
3 2 7 6
A B C D E F G
1
8
H
N
The waste flow deriving for the stacks is calculated for the single sections.
4
Table 4.30 Distribution of the flows in the waste manifold.
∑ DU Qww
Section Stacks served
[l/s] [l/s]

AB T1 + T2 50.0 0.5 50.0 = 3.5
HB T3 6.5 0.5 6.5 = 1.3
BC T1 + T2 + T3 56.5 0.5 56.5 = 3.8
LC T1 28.5 0.5 28.5 = 2.7
CD T1 + T2 + T3 + T1 85.0 0.5 85 = 4.6
MD T3 6.5 0.5 6.5 = 1.3
DE T1 + T2 + T3 + T1 + T3 91.5 0.5 91.5 = 4.8
NE T3 6.5 0.5 6.5 = 1.3
EF T1 + T2 + T3 + T1 + T3 + T3 98.0 0.5 98.0 = 4.9
FG T1 + T2 + T3 + T1 + T3 + T3 + T1 +T2 148.0 0.5 148.0 = 6.1
Comparing the flows with those indicated in Table 4.12 for a gradient of 1.5% the diameters necessary for each section are determined as
indicated in Table 4.31 and in Figure 4.14.
Table 4.31 Dimensions of the sections of the waste manifold.
Section Diameter DN
AB 125
HB 80
BC 125
LC 100
CD 150
MD 80
DE 150
NE 80
EF 150
FG 150
103
Figure 4.14 Dimensions of the waste manifold.
4
5
L M
DN 100 DN 80
3 2 DN 125 DN 125 DN 150 © 2010 Valsir S.p.A. DN 150 DN 150 7 6 DN 150
A B C D E F G
DN 80 DN 80
H N
1 8
4
104
Example 4 System with direct parallel ventilation and stack division
We need to configure and dimension the waste stack, with direct parallel ventilation, of a residential building, composed of 13 equally
designed floors. Each floor drains a total of 10 l/s (WCs included) into the stack through a square branch. The waste manifold is laid in the
pavement of the underground floor.
Configuration of the waste stack

In the table shown in the section dedicated to the project design of waste systems, and, in particular, in the chapter concerning the
configuration of stacks with parallel and secondary ventilation, we obtain the following information:
■■ The stack must be divided.
■■ The top 10 floors are connected to the main stack.
■■ The last 3 floors are connected to the secondary stack.
■■ Further division of the secondary stack is not necessary.
■■ The intermediate connecting sections between the waste stack and the ventilation stack can be made every 2-3 floors.
Figure 4.15 Configuration of the waste stack.
13
4
12
11

10

5
Underground floor
105
Dimensioning of the waste stack
The secondary stack must have the same diameter as the main stack to ensure a good ventilation (vent loop), therefore, the choice of the
diameter is based on the flows drained into the main stack. The flow in the main stack is:
DU = 10 10 = 100 l/s [4.6]
since there are 10 floors draining into it. The project flow, given by the equation [4.3], is then:
Q
ww = K DU = 0.5 100 = 5 l/s [4.7]
considering that the building is residential with a degree of contemporary use of K=0.5.
From Table 4.10 we find that the diameter of the main stack and of the secondary stack is DN 100. This diameter ensures a flow of at least
5.6 l/s and it is therefore the minimum diameter that can be applied in the presence of WCs.
Dimensioning of the vent stack

Since the ventilation is the same for both stacks, primary and secondary, its diameter depends on the total flow that would be created if
there were only one waste stack. Since we presume that all 13 floors are drained into it, the total flow is:
DU = 13 10 = 130 l/s [4.8]
the project flow is:
ww = K
Q DU = 0.5 130 = 5.7 l/s [4.9]
4 In this case, from Table 4.10 the diameter that ensures a flow of 5.7 l/s is DN 125 that requires a vent stack of diameter DN 90
(see Table 4.11). The dimensions of the system are indicated in the layout shown in the following figure.
Figure 4.16 Dimensions of the waste system.

DN 100
DN 90
13
DN 100
12
11
DN 90
10
DN 100

8
7 DN 90
DN 100
4
DN 100
3 DN 90
2
DN 100
DN 100
1
Underground floor
106
Example 5 System with direct parallel ventilation divided between two waste stacks
Imagine a residential building characterised by two waste stacks (with square branch) having in common one direct parallel vent stack.
The sum of the drainage units ∑DU of the stacks is 117 l/s and 196 l/s respectively. Calculate the diameters of the two waste stacks, of
the vent stack and of the relief vent stack.
Figure 4.17 System layout.
D
Relief vent stack
A B
Waste stack Waste stack
Shared vent stack

107
The project flow of the two waste stacks is given by:
Q
ww,1 = K DU = 0.5 117 = 5.41 l/s [4.10]
Q
ww, 2 = K DU= 0.5 196 = 7.00 l/s [4.11]
considering that the building is residential with a degree of contemporary use of K=0.5.
From Table 4.10 we find that the diameter of the stacks are DN 100 and DN 125 respectively.
Dimensioning of the vent stack

Since the ventilation is shared by both stacks, its diameter depends on the total flow that would result if there were just one single stack.
The hypothetical total flow transported in one single stack is:
DU = 117 + 196 = 313 l/s [4.12]
and the project flow is:
Q
ww = K DU = 0.5 313 = 8.85 l/s [4.13]
From Table 4.10 we find that the waste stack should have a diameter of DN 150 that requires a vent stack diameter of DN 100 (see Table
4.11). As the diameter of the relief vent must be same as the diameter of the waste stack and, since in this case there is just one, (both
waste stacks lead into it), it must be made with a diameter of DN 150.
4
Figure 4.18 Dimensions of the waste system.
D
DN 150
DN 100
DN 125
C
A B
DN 100 DN 125
DN 100
108
Example 6 Primary ventilation system with vent manifold
Consider a residential building made up of 3 waste manifolds equipped with a primary ventilation but connected to each other before the
outlet onto the roof, by means of a ventilation manifold. In each stack, the waste flow is 30 l/s and the gradient of the vent manifold is 2%;
dimension the stacks and the vent manifold.
Figure 4.19 System layout.
D Ventilation manifold
C
B
A

Underground floor

The flow in each stack is:
DU = 30.0 l/s [4.14]
and the project flow is:
Q
ww = K DU = 0.5 30.0 = 2.74 l/s [4.15]
considering the building is residential with a degree of contemporary use of K=0.5.
From Table 4.9 we find that the diameter to be employed is DN 100 both for the waste stack and for the ventilation section that connects
the stack to the vent manifold.
109
Dimensioning of the vent manifold
To dimension the vent manifold we adopt the dimensioning principles for waste manifolds with a filling degree of 50% guaranteeing a
sufficient flow of air to the horizontal section. To determine the diameters we suppose that the waste flows flow into the vent manifold.
Table 4.32 Hypothetical distribution of the flows in the vent manifold.

∑ DU Qww
Section Users served
[l/s] [l/s]
AB 1 stack Users served 0.5 30 = 2.74
BC 2 stacks 60 0.5 60 = 3.87
CD 3 stacks 90 0.5 90 = 4.74
The choice of the diameters of the various sections can be made by using the graphs or the tables. Specifically, for a filling degree of 50%
we use the Table 4.12 from which we must identify, for a gradient of 2%, the minimum diameter that ensures a flow no smaller that the
one calculated.
Table 4.33 Determination of the vent manifold diameters.

Qww
Section Users served Manifold diameter DN
[l/s]
AB 1 stack 2.74 100
BC 2 stacks 3.87 125
4 CD 3 stacks 4.74 125
Figure 4.20 Dimensions of waste system.
DN 125 DN 100
DN 125 D
C
B A
DN 100 DN 100
DN 100
DN 100
DN 100
DN 100
Underground floor
110
5 Sizing of waste and soil systems with ventilation fittings
As mentioned in the chapter on design, waste systems that are created with ventilation fittings do not require the use of parallel or
secondary ventilation, thus allowing elevated flows to be discharged in relatively reduced diameters. These advantages are due to the
Sizing of waste and soil systems with ventilation fittings

particular geometrical characteristics of the ventilation fittings, as shown below.
5.1 Characteristics of ventilation fittings

The particular internal geometrical configuration of the ventilation fitting guarantees the functionality of the entire waste system and
ensures an excellent distribution of ventilation air in the waste stack. The aspects that distinguish this fitting are as follows:
■■ Reduces the velocity of the waste flow.
■■ Ensures an excellent ventilation both of the stack and the waste branches thus limiting pressure fluctuations (both positive and negative
pressure).
■■ Avoids the formation of hydraulic plugs keeping a stable and regular flow from the branches to the vertical waste stack.
■■ Prevents the inlet of foam or the formation of return flows from the stack to the waste branches.
■■ The ventilation fitting must be acoustically insulated if the installation generates noise levels greater than those allowed by the legislations
in force.
Figure 5.1 Functioning of ventilation fittings.
Deviation chamber
Air recycle partition
Internal deflector
111
Figure 5.2 Ventilation fitting connections.
DN 100
DN 150
(De 110) (De 160)
DN 100
DN 100
(De 110)
(De 110)
DN 70 DN 70
(De 75) (De 75)

The ventilation fitting (produced in two diameters) incorporates a diameter DN 100 (De 110 mm) or DN 150 (De 160 mm) connection to the
waste stack, and 6 horizontal branch connections:
■■ The fitting has 3 DN 100 (De 110 mm) upper connections for sanitary fixtures such as urinals, WCs, washbasins, bidets, showers,
bathtubs, sinks or any other sanitary fixture with a drainage unit DU of 2.5 l/s and 3 DN 70 (De 75 mm) lower connections for any sanitary
fixture with a drainage unit DU of 1.5 l/s (WCs are therefore excluded).
■■ A maximum of WCs can be connected to each ventilation branch.
■■ The maximum capacity of the ventilation fitting is DU 25 l/s with a maximum capacity of the DN 100 connections equal to DU of 15 l/s
and of the DN 70 connections equal to DU of 6 l/s (see Figure 5.3).

■■ Connections with horizontal branches that have diameters greater than the diameter of the ventilation fitting connections are not
allowed.
■■ Branches with diameters that are smaller than the connections can be connected with the use of reducers.
■■ The connections of the ventilation fitting can all be used simultaneously with the exception of the configurations indicated in Figure 5.4,
5 where the contemporary use of the lateral opposite connections DN 100 and DN 70 is not allowed unless a misalignment of at least 10
cm can be ensured on the DN 70 connections.
Figure 5.3 Maximum capacity of the connections and of the entire ventilation fitting.
Σ DU ≤ 25
Σ DU ≤ 15 Σ DU ≤ 15
Σ DU ≤ 15
Σ DU ≤ 6 Σ DU ≤ 6
Σ DU ≤ 6
112
Figure 5.4 Connections not allowed.
No No Si Si

>10 cm
>10 cm
5.2 Design and sizing of waste systems with ventilation fittings

While sizing of the branches and collector pipes is carried out using the calculation methods established by the standards and the local
regulations (e.g. UNI EN 12056-2), calculation of vertical waste stacks equipped wit ventilation fittings requires the application of special
rules that are defined as follows. Sizing is very simple and involves the comparison of the project flow of the vertical waste stack with the
maximum project flow indicated in the following table.
Table 5.1 Maximum waste flows of the waste stacks with ventilation fittings.
Diameter of the stack Maximum permissible Maximum project flow of Maximum number of
DN DE capacity of the stack ∑ DU stack Qww, max “standard type apartments”*
[mm] [mm] [l/s] [l/s] to be connected to the stack
100 110 303 8.7 45
150 160 1310 18.1 195
* An “average apartment” is composed of a kitchen with sink and dishwasher (max. capacity 6 kg) and a bathroom with basin, bathtub, washing machine, bidet and water
closet (with 9 l flush cistern) for a total flow of 6.7 l/s. The calculation takes into account a simultaneity coefficient of K=0.5. 5
Figure 5.5 Sizing rules.
Sizing based on standards Valsir sizing for stacks

and local regulations (e.g. UNI EN 12056-2). with ventilation fittings
Waste systems with ventilation fittings have far greater flow capacities than any other type of waste system described in previous chapters.
European Standard UNI EN 12056-2 indicates the maximum flow rate that a waste stack can discharge in relation to the ventilation system
adopted; comparisons with systems using ventilation fittings are therefore straightforward.
113
Table 5.2 Comparison between different waste systems, DN 100 (De 110) waste stack.
Max. flow rate Qww, max [l/s]
Waste system
DN 100 (De 110) DN 150 (De 160)
Primary ventilation with right-angle branch 4.0 9.5
Parallel or secondary ventilation with right-angle branch 5.6 12.4
Ventilation fitting 8.7 18.1
If the project flow rate exceeds the limits indicated in the table, segmentation is required and the total load must be distributed to different
stacks or, if possible, increase then stack pipe from diameter DN 100 to diameter DN 150.
Figure 5.6 Maximum project flow rates are exceeded.
Stack Stack 1 Stack 2 Stack DN 100 Stack DN 150

Qww > Qww, max Qww > Qww, max

114
5.2.1 Rules for the foot of the stack in waste systems with ventilation fittings
■■ A t the base of the waste stack with ventilation fittings, creation of a pressure relief loop is obligatory. This consists of the creation of
a secondary circuit with a vent loop, connected to the primary circuit at no less than 2 m both above and below the base of the stack
with a diameter of DN 100. The sanitary fixtures on the floor of the pressure relief loop must be connected using a simple branch to the
horizontal collector at a distance of no less than 10 times the diameter of the pipe from the stack base.

Figure 5.7 Pressure relief loop.
DN 100 (De 110) or DN 150 (De 160)
DN 100
(De 110)
2m
10 DN
2m
5
■■ T he fixtures in conjunction with the pressure relief loop can be connected both to the horizontal or vertical part of the pressure relief loop
by means of a normal branch.
Figure 5.8 Connection of sanitary fixtures to the horizontal section of the pressure relief loop.
DN 100 (De 110) or DN 150 (De 160)
DN 100
(De 110)
2m
2m
115
■■ If a pressure relief loop with a horizontal pipe of at least 2 m cannot be created due to a horizontal to vertical transition of the primary
circuit, it will be necessary to extend the pressure relief loop vertically, by at least 1 m.
Figure 5.9 Pressure relief loop configurations.

2m 2m
1m <2m
2m
■■ The base of a soil stack with a ventilation fitting must always be provided with a pressure relief loop and connection to the collector must
be made using one of the configurations as illustrated in the following figures. The configuration is to be chosen in relation to the position of
the collector, the diameter of which must be calculated in compliance with the standards and local regulations (e.g. UNI EN 12056-2).
5
Figure 5.10 Connection configurations with waste collectors in relation to its position.
Sizing of stack with ventilation Sizing of stack with ventilation Sizing of stack with ventilation
fitting according to Valsir regulations fitting according to Valsir regulations fitting according to Valsir regulations
No connection is allowed in this area

Sizing according to standards
Sizing according to standards Sizing according to standards
and local regulations (e.g. UNI EN 12056-2)
and local regulations (e.g. UNI EN 12056-2) and local regulations (e.g. UNI EN 12056-2)
116
■■ S everal waste stacks equipped with ventilation branches can be made to drain into the same collector pipe below the respective pressure
relief loops, observing a minimum distance of at least 1 m.
Figure 5.11 Connection of several waste stacks to the same collector.

>1m
5
S.p.A.
Valsir
© 2010
■■ S anitary fixtures can be connected below the pressure relief loop only if the connection is made in accordance with the configuration as
indicated in the figure and observing a minimum distance of 1 m.
Figure 5.12 Possible connection zone downstream of the pressure relief loop.
Sizing of stack with ventilation

fitting according to Valsir regulations
Connections possible at 1 m of the "pressure relief loop"
Sizing according to standards

and local regulations (e.g. UNI EN 12056-2)
117
■■ The waste stack cannot be connected directly to the collector pipe without constructing a pressure relief loop.
Figure 5.13 Connection configuration not allowed.

Valsir sizing for stacks with ventilation branches
CONFIGURATION
NOT ALLOWED
118
5.2.2 Rules governing waste stacks with ventilation fittings
■■ aste stacks must be constructed using the same diameter; DN 100 branches can therefore not be used together with DN 150 branches
W
within the same waste stack. Every stack has to be ventilated through the roof with the same diameter. Aerators with membranes are
not allowed as in this case they would not ensure the required flow of air for ventilation.

Figure 5.14 Unauthorized configuration of waste stack with ventilation fittings.
DN 100 (De 110)
CONFIGURATION
NOT ALLOWED
DN 150 (De 160) 5
■■ T he maximum distance between two ventilation fittings must not exceed 6 m. If this is not possible then a double offset must be
placed in the downpipe, i.e. a transition is constructed using two 45° bends followed by a vertical pipe with a length equal to twice the
stack diameter (therefore, for DN 100 stacks, the length is 200 mm, for DN 150 stacks it is 300 mm), followed once more by two 45°
bends. This offset works as a speed breaker thus guaranteeing the correct functioning of the waste system. No sanitary fixtures can be
connected to the vertical pipe between the 45° bends unless the length is increased to 3 times the diameter of the stack (for DN 100
stacks it is 300 mm, for DN 150 it is 450 mm).
119
Figure 5.15 Maximum distance between ventilation fittings.
DN* Ref. A
2 x 45°
2 DN
DN* = DN 100 (De 110) or DN 150 (De 160)

2 x 45°
≤6m

DN*
Ref. A
2 x 45°
Ref. A
>6m
3 DN
2 x 45°
120
■■ If a stack offset needs to be made with a length of less than 1 m, two 45° bends shall be used as illustrated in the figure.
Figure 5.16 Stack offset shorter than 1 m.

DN* = DN 100 (De 110) or DN 150 (De 160)
DN*
45°
45°
≤1 m
© 2010 Valsir S.p.A. 5

DN*
■■ If offsets greater than 1 m need to be constructed, then they must be provided with a pressure relief loop in the vertical to horizontal
transition area and the geometrical and hydraulic criteria indicated in the following tables must be observed.
■■ Important: the base of the stack must not be considered an offset if there is no further vertical pipe equipped with waste connections.
Table 5.3 Geometrical sizing criteria for stack offsets longer than L > 1 m.
Characteristics of the Length K of the Allowed gradient on Further ventilation of
horizontal section of the offset joint-free zone horizontal section horizontal section
L < 10m 0.5 m 0.5% ÷ 5% No
L ≥ 10 m 2m 1% ÷ 5% Yes
121
Table 5.4 Hydraulic sizing criteria for stack offsets longer than L > 1 m.
Maximum number
Characteristics
of WCs for each Hydraulic test (2)
of the stack
ventilation fitting (1)
No other hydraulic test besides the one required for a system without
L < 10m 8
deviation
In the stack before the direction change and in the horizontal tract, it must
be:
L ≥ 10 m 6 Qww, max ≤ 6.0 l/s (∑ DU ≤ 144 l/s) for stack De 110
Qww, max ≤ 12.2 l/s (∑ DU ≤ 595 l/s) for stack De 160

(1) For the entire waste stack including the horizontal deviation.
(2) In any case, the hydraulic testing rules required for stacks without deviations are to be applied.
Figure 5.17 Stack offsets longer than 1 m.
DN* = DN 100 (De 110) or DN 150 (De 160) DN*
5
© 2010 Valsir S.p.A. H
DN 100
(De 110)
DN*
k 2m
k
2m
DN*
122
■■ In conjunction with the pressure relief loop, at least every 5 storeys, the installation of an access fitting.
Figure 5.18 Position of access fittings.

Access
Access
■ Should it be necessary to deflect the stack in the ventilation zone by more than 6 m, it will be necessary to increase the diameter of the
horizontal pipe including the roof vent according to the rules indicated in the following table.
Table 5.5. Diameter increase of ventilation stack in case of transition.

Diameter of waste stack DN (De) Transition Diameter of horizontal tract and roof
[mm] [m] terminal DN1 (De1) [mm]
<6 100 (110)
100 (110)
≥6 125 (125)
<6 150 (160)
150 (160)
≥6 200 (200)
123
Figure 5.19 Configuration of ventilation stack transition.
DN DN1
DN DN1
<6m >6m
DN DN
DN DN
■■ A s with other ventilation systems (primary and parallel), the waste stacks can be connected, before exiting onto the roof, to a common
ventilation collector with a minimum gradient of 0.5%. In any case, the connection of more than 3 stacks contemporarily is not
recommended. The diameter of the ventilation stack and the roof vent depends on the number of stacks connected and is indicated in
the following table, valid for ventilation stack lengths of less than 12 m. For lengths that exceed 12 m it shall be necessary to increase
the specified diameters by one category
Table 5.6 Diameters of common ventilation collectors for lengths L < 12 m.

Diameter of waste Diameter of roof vent Diameters of ventilation stack
5 stack DN (De) Number of stacks DN1 (De1) DN2 (De2) DN3 (De3)
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]
2 150 (160) 150 (160) -
100 (110)
3 150 (160) 150 (160) 150 (160)
2 200 (200) 200 (200) -
150 (160)
3 250 (250) 250 (250) 150 (160)
Figure 5.20 Configuration of common ventilation collector.
DN1
DN2
DN3
L L
DN DN DN
DN DN DN
124
5.2.3 Rules for branch pipes with ventilation fittings
■■ The branch pipe must be sized in accordance with the criteria established by the regulations in force and the local standards.
■■ The maximum length for an unvented branch pipe is 8 m, this must be reduced to 6 m in the presence of a water closet (in DN 100
connections). The minimum gradient allowed is 1%, maximum 5%.
■■ If the branch pipes are ventilated the maximum length is 20 m for all connections. The minimum gradient allowed is 0.5%, maximum 5%.
■■ If ventilation of the branch pipes is required, the ventilation circuit must be connected to the waste stack with a 45° branch fitting.

Figure 5.21 Branch pipe without ventilation.
max 6 m

max 8 m
Figure 5.22 Branch pipe with ventilation.
Ventilation of branch pipes 45° branch

max 20 m
max 20 m
125
■■ E ach branch pipe is connected to the waste stack using the ventilation fitting; if necessary the branch pipe can be connected directly to
the stack with a right-angle branch, as long as the length does not exceed 6 m and the maximum diameters indicated in the table are
observed. A water closet cannot be connected to these branch pipes.
Table 5.7 Maximum diameter of branch pipes connected directly to the stack.
Diameter of stack Maximum diameter of branch pipe
DN 100 (De 110 mm) DN 60 (De 63 mm)

DN 150 (De 160 mm) DN 100 (De 110 mm)
Figure 5.23 Branch pipes connected with right-angle branch.
Right-angle branch
■■ If a vertical transition of the branch pipe is necessary, the maximum height allowed is 1.5 m.
Figure 5.24 Vertical transition of a branch pipe.
max 1,5 m
126
5.3 Sizing examples
Example 1 Waste system with ventilation fitting
A waste stack must serve a 25 storey building; verify the possibility of constructing a system using DN 100 ventilation fittings connected to
each floor as illustrated in Figure 5.25. Each floor consists of:

- 1 WC with 9 litre cistern.
- 1 bidet.
- 1 bathtub.
- 1 washbasin.
- 1 sink.
- 1 washing machine (6 kg).
Figure 5.25 Representative floor plan of building.
5
Flow calculation
Table 4.4 can be used to calculate the total flow for each sanitary fixture that drains into the ventilation fitting connections.
Table 5.8 Flows conveyed into ventilation fitting.

Flow conveyed into
DU ∑ DU Connection
Sanitary fixture Quantity connections
[l/s] [l/s] to fitting
[l/s]
WC with 9 litre cistern 1 2.5 2.5 DN 100 2.5
Bathtub 1 0.8 0.8
Bidet 1 0.5 0.5
Washbasin 1 0.5 0.5 DN 70 3.4
Sink 1 0.8 0.8
Washing machine (6 kg) 1 0.8 0.8
Total 5.9
The values lie within the maximum load of the connections and the ventilation fitting (shown in planning chapter):
Table 5.9 Compliance with project load of ventilation fitting.

Maximum flow rate Calculated flow rate
Capacity of ventilation fitting Compliance
[l/s] [l/s]
Maximum flow in the ventilation branch 25 5.9 Yes
Maximum flow in the connection DN 100 15 2.5 Yes
Maximum flow in the connection DN 60 6 3.4 Yes
127
Verification of the waste stack
Having ascertained that the connections of the ventilation fitting can deal with the required flows, a final verification is conducted to check
that the flow conveyed into the stack complies with the maximum load of 8.7 l/s (for DN 100 ventilation fitting).
The total flow is:

DU = 25 5.9 = 147.5 l/s [5.1]
and hence the project flow, given by the equation [5.2], is:
Q
ww = K DU = 0.5 147.5 = 6.07 l/s [5.2]
The flow rate is therefore lower than the maximum load, in that 6.07 l/s < 8.7 l/s. This means that the system can be constructed with
ventilations fittings of DN 100.
128
Example 2 Waste system with ventilation fitting and segmentation of stacks
A 42 storey building is made up of several waste stacks, one of these must serve two bathrooms per floor as illustrated in Figure 5.26; the
cavity wall available allows installation of DN 100 ventilation fittings. Verify the feasibility of constructing the waste stack in the knowledge
that each floor consists of:
- 2 WCs with 9 litre cistern.

- 2 bidets.
- 2 bathtubs.
- 2 washbasins.
Figure 5.26 Bathroom plan.
© 20
© 2010 Valsir S.p.A. 10 Va
lsir S.
p.A.
Flow calculation
Table 4.4 is used to calculate the total flow from each sanitary fixture that is connected to the ventilation fitting.
Table 5.10 Flows conveyed to ventilation fitting.

Branch Flow transported into the
Sanitary fixture Quantity DU [l/s] ∑ DU [l/s]
connection connections [l/s]
Bathtub 2 0.8 1.6
Bidet 2 0.5 1.0 DN 70 3.6
Washbasin 2 0.5 1.0
Total 8.6
129
The values lie within the maximum load of the connections and the ventilation fitting (shown in planning chapter):
Table 5.11 Compliance with project load of ventilation fitting.
Limit on ventilation branch Maximum flow [l/s] Flow calculated [l/s] Observed
Maximum flow in the ventilation branch 25 8.6 Yes

Maximum flow in connections DN 100 15 2.5 Yes
Maximum flow in connection DN 60 6 3.6 Yes
Verification of the waste stack

The total flow from the 42 floors into the waste stack is:
DU = 42 8.6 = 361.2 l/s [5.3]
and hence the project flow, given by the equation [5.4], is:
Q
ww = K DU = 0.5 361.2 = 9.5 l/s [5.4]
The flow rate exceeds the maximum load of a waste stack with a ventilation fitting of DN 100, in fact 9.5 l/s > 8.7 l/s. In this case,
segmentation is required, the total load has to be distributed to different stacks. By reducing the number of floors connected to each stack
to a number of 21 floors, feasibility of this system can be verified:
DU = 21 8.6 = 180.6 l/s [5.5]
Q
ww = K DU = 0.5 180.6 = 6.72 < 8.7 l/s [5.6]
130
The figure illustrates segmentation of the 42 floors distributing the load to two stacks serving 21 floors.
Figure 5.27 Segmentation of stack.

Stack 1 Stack 2
Floors from 22 to 41
Floors from 1 to 21
131
Example 3 Waste system with ventilation fitting with stack deflection
A waste system with ventilation fittings is to be constructed for a 10 storey building (including a basement floor) as shown in the illustration.
The illustration shows the technical cavity wall and the collector pipe is installed on the floor of the basement. Illustrate the geometry of
the circuit and complete sizing.
Figure 5.28 Building structure and arrangement of technical cavity wall.
Roof
Floor 9
Floor 8
Floor 7
7m
Floor 6
5
Floor 5
Floor 4
Floor 3
1m
Floor 2
Floor 1
Floor 0
132
Configuration of floor connections
■■ Floor 1 is at the base of the stack, it is decided, therefore, to connect some of the sanitary fixtures to the horizontal collector pipe using
a right-angle branch at a distance of at least 1 m (10 times the DN) and some to the horizontal tract over 1 m above the pressure relief
loop.
■■ The sanitary fixtures on the second floor are connected using the ventilation branch using 2 DN 100 connections and 1 DN 70
connection.

■■ Deflection of the waste stack by 1 m between the second and third floor is done using two 45° bends without any particular
precautions.
■■ The sanitary fixtures on floors 3 and 4 are connected in a similar manner as floor 2.
■■ Floor 5 consists of just one washbasin that does not require a ventilation fitting, just one normal right-angle branch. The absence of a
ventilation fitting requires the construction of an offset composed of 2 + 2 45° bends with a pipe equal in size to 3 times the diameter to
which the washbasin is connected with a DN 40 branch pipe.
■■ Floor 6 has the same configuration as floor 4.
■■ There is a stack deflection between floor 6 and 7 of 7 m that requires the construction of a pressure relief loop to which floor 7 is
connected.
■■ Configuration of floor 8 is the same as floor 6.
■■ A ventilation fitting is used on floor 9 using the DN 100 connection for the water closet and DN 70 connection for the other sanitary
fixtures.
■■ The stack proceeds out onto the roof covering with a vent.
Calculation of flow rates and connection diameters

Table 4.4 can be used to calculate the discharge flow from each sanitary fixture to the connections of the ventilation fitting for each floor.
By comparing the maximum load of the DN 100 (De 110) ventilation fittings, the feasibility of product application is verified. Stack
segmentation or increases in diameter are not required.
Calculation of the diameters of the floor connectors is done in compliance with the chapter on the planning of waste systems according to
European Standard EN 12056-2.
133
Table 5.12 Flows discharge into stack on each floor and breakdown of sanitary fixtures.
∑ DU ∑ DU
DU Connection to
Floor Sanitary fixture Quantity Flow at Total flow
[l/s] branch
connections [l/s] [l/s]
WC with 9 litres cistern 1 2.5
DN 100
Bathtub 1 0.8
(45° branch) 5.4 5.4
Washbasin 1 0.5
Shower 1 0.8
Washing machine 6 kg 1 0.8
Floor 1
Bathtub 1 0.8
Washbasin 1 0.5 DN 100
(right-angle 7.0 7.0
Shower 1 0.8 branch)
Dishwasher 1 0.8
Sink 1 0.8
Bathtub 1 0.8
Washbasin 1 0.5 DN 100 5.4 < 15
Shower 1 0.8
Floor 2 12.4 < 25
Bathtub 1 0.8
Washbasin 1 0.5 DN 100 5.4 < 15
Shower 1 0.8
Dishwasher 1 0.8
5 Sink 1 0.8
DN 70 1.6 < 6

Bathtub 1 0.8
Washbasin 1 0.5 DN 100 5.4 < 15
Shower 1 0.8
Floor 3 12.4 < 25
Bathtub 1 0.8
Washbasin 1 0.5 DN 100 5.4 < 15
Shower 1 0.8
Dishwasher 1 0.8
DN 70 1.6 < 6
Sink 1 0.5
Bathtub 1 0.8
Washbasin 1 0.5 DN 100 5.4 < 15
Shower 1 0.8
Floor 4 12.4 < 25
Bathtub 1 0.8
Washbasin 1 0.5 DN 100 5.4 < 15
Shower 1 0.8
Dishwasher 1 0.8
DN 70 1.6 < 6
Sink 1 0.5
Floor 5 Washbasin 1 0.5 DN 40 0.5 0.5
134
∑ DU ∑ DU
DU Connection to
Floor Sanitary fixture Quantity Flow at Total flow
[l/s] branch
connections [l/s] [l/s]
Bathtub 1 0.8

Washbasin 1 0.5 DN 100 5.4 < 15
Shower 1 0.8
Floor 6 12.4 < 25
Bathtub 1 0.8
Washbasin 1 0.5 DN 100 5.4 < 15
Shower 1 0.8
Dishwasher 1 0.8
DN 70 1.6 < 6
Sink 1 0.8
Bathtub 1 0.8 DN 100
Floor 7 Washbasin 1 0.5 (right-angle 5.4 5.4
Shower 1 0.8 branch)
Bathtub 1 0.8
Washbasin 1 0.5 DN 100 5.4 < 15
Shower 1 0.8
Floor 8
Bathtub 1 0.8
12.4 < 25 5
Washbasin 1 0.5 DN 100 5.4 < 15
Shower 1 0.8
Dishwasher 1 0.8
DN 70 1.6 < 6
Sink 1 0.8
WC with 9 litres cistern 1 2.5 DN 100 2.5 < 15
Bathtub 1 0.8
Floor 9 4.6 < 25
Washing machine 6 kg 1 0.8 DN 70 2.1 < 6
Washbasin 1 0.5
135
Figure 5.29 Final configuration of the waste stack.
Roof
DN 100
DN 100
Floor 9
DN 70
DN 100
DN 100 DN 100
Floor 8
DN 70
DN 100 DN 100
Access
Floor 7
>1 m DN 100
DN 100
Floor 6
DN 40
Access
2 x 45° Floor 5
L = 300 mm
5
2 x 45°
Floor 4
Floor 3
45°
45°
DN 100
Floor 2
DN 100 DN 100
Access
Floor 1
DN 100
DN 100
DN 100
>1 m >1 m
DN 100
DN 100
Floor 0
136
Example 4 Waste system with ventilation fitting and configuration of stack base
A waste system with ventilation fittings is to be constructed for a 9 storey building as shown in the illustration. The ventilation fittings are
housed in the cavity wall where the pressure relief loop must also be created. Illustrate the geometry of the circuit.
Figure 5.30 Building structure.

Layout of floors Layout of bathrooms
Floor 9
Floor 8
Floor ...
Floor ...
5
Floor 1
Floor 0
Definition of floor waste collectors

In relation to the position of the sanitary fixtures the ventilation fitting connections are chosen. For floors from 1 through to 9 the lateral DN
100 connections are used.
Figure 5.31 Layout of branch pipes for floors 1 to 9.

Floor 1 to 9
A pressure relief loop must be created on the ground floor and connection to the floors is made with simple branches to the horizontal
tract.
137
Figure 5.32 Layout of the branch pipes for ground floor.
Floor 0
The final geometrical configuration of the waste system is illustrated in the following figure.
Figure 5.33 Layout of the waste system.
Washbasin
Washbasin
WC Bathbut
Floor 9
Bathtub
WC
Washbasin
5
© 2010
Valsir S.
p.A. Washbasin
WC Bathtub
Floor 1
Bathtub
WC
Washbasin
WC Bathtub
Washbasin
Bathtub
WC
Floor 0
138
6 Sizing of rainwater drainage systems
6.1 Introduction
The standard that regulates sizing of systems destined for the drainage of rainwater, and on which this chapter is based, is European
Standard EN 12056-3.
These systems can be divided into two categories:
■■ Syphonic drainage systems that are designed to work under negative pressures and at full bore.
■■ Non-syphonic drainage systems that work with both water and air in the pipe section.
The calculation techniques shown in this chapter are applied to the sizing of downpipes and collector pipes in non-syphonic systems.
The sizing process of a rainwater system can be divided into the following steps:
- Calculation of the flow collected on the roof.
- Calculation of the diameters of the rainwater downpipes.
- Calculation of the diameters of the rainwater collector pipes.
6.2 Calculation of rainwater flow rate

Sizing of the rainwater drainage system is based on the total flow that must be drained from the roof covering; this flow rate can be
Sizing of rainwater drainage systems

calculated with the following formula:
Q
= r ⋅ A ⋅ c1 ⋅ c2 [6.1]
where:
“r” is rainfall intensity expressed in litres per second per square metre of roof covering [l/(s·m2)]. This value will vary between differing
locations, in any case, if precise values are not available, use a rainfall intensity of 0.04 l/(s·m2). At times, rainfall height is used, measured
in mm/h instead of rainfall intensity; to convert to rainfall height multiply by 3600, that is, 0.04 l/(s·m2) is equal to 144 mm/h.
A is the surface area of the roof covering [m2].
c1 is the flow coefficient the value of which is 1.0 barring other indications given by local or national regulations. This parameter is lower
the greater the roughness and the absorbing power of the exposed surface; roofs covered with plastic material have a lower roughness and
absorbing power than roofs that are covered with gravel or roof gardens.
c2 is the coefficient of risk, given by the following table.

6
Table 6.1 Coefficient of risk c2.
Situation Coefficient c2
Eaves-gutter 1.0
Eaves-gutters situated in points where the overflow of water would be particularly inconvenient, 1.5
for example, over the entrance to a public building.
Internal gutters or in the case of particularly intense rainfall that could cause the obstruction 2.0
of rainwater drains and the consequent infiltration of water inside the building.
Gutters inside buildings where an exceptional degree of protection is required, such as
hospitals, theatres, telecommunication systems, depots for storage of chemical substances 3.0
that are dangerous when wet, museums, etc.
139
6.2.1 Calculation of roof surface
Calculation of the roof surface requires particular attention when the effect of the wind or the existence of adjacent buildings could influence
by increasing the effective rainwater collection surface.
If local or national regulations do not require the effect of the wind to be taken into consideration (and therefore to consider a perpendicular
rainfall) the surface is calculated as a horizontal projection Ah of the roof areaa.
Figure 6.1 Effective roof surface in the absence of wind effect.
.
.p.A
ir S
0 Vals
201
©
Ah
On the other hand, if it is necessary to take account of the effect of the wind (with maximum rain inclination of 26°) the surface is calculated
as the sum of the horizontal projection Ah of the roof area and 50% of the vertical projections Av of the roof area.
Figure 6.2 Effective roof surface in the presence of the wind effect.
Av .
.p.A
ir S
als
0V
201
©
Ah
6 The following is an analysis of some common configurations:
a) for a flat roof, the collection surface of rainwater is the same as the surface of the roof itself.
A = Ah [6.2]
Figura 6.3 Flat roof.
Ah
b) For a flat roof with an adjacent vertical wall, the rainwater collection surface is equal to:
A = A h +1 2 ⋅ A v [6.3]
140
Figure 6.4 Flat roof with adjacent vertical wall.
Av
Ah
c) For a single pitched roof the rainwater collection area is equal to:
A = A h +1 2 ⋅ A v [6.4]
Figure 6.5 Single pitched roof.
.p.A.
lsir S
10 Va
© 20

Av
Ah
d) For a single pitched roof with adjacent vertical wall the rainwater collection surface is equal to:
A = A h +1 2 ⋅ A v 2 −1 2 ⋅ A v1 [6.5]
Figure 6.6 Single pitched roof with adjacent vertical wall.
© 2010 Va
lsir S.p.A. A v2
A v1 6
Ah
e) For a double pitched converging roof the rainwater collection area is equal to:
A = A h1 + A h 2 +1 2 ⋅ A v 2 −1 2 ⋅ A v1 [6.6]
Figure 6.7 Double pitched converging roof.
.
ir S.p.A
Vals
010
©2
A v2
A v1
A h1 A h2
f) For a pitched roof with several adjacent vertical walls the rainwater collection surface is equal to:
A = A h + −1 2 ⋅ A v1 −1 2 ⋅ A v 2 +1 2 ⋅ A v 3 +1 2 ⋅ A v 4 [6.7]
141
Figure 6.8 Pitched roof with several adjacent vertical walls (illustration of the horizontal surface and the vertical surfaces).
A v1 A v2
Ah A v3
A v4
sir S.p.A. sir S.p.A.

© 2010 Val © 2010 Val
6.3 Sizing of rainwater downpipes

All pipes in a rainwater drainage system with a gradient greater than 10° relative to a horizontal line are to be sized as rainwater downpipes.
The diameter of a rainwater downpipe has to be chosen based on the expected flow rate and assumed filling factor; the filling degree f
used, is equal to 0.33 (33%), as required by European Standard EN 12056-3; different values can be used if specified by local or national
regulations. Table 6.2 can be used for the sizing of rainwater downpipes. This table indicates the maximum flow Qmax for each diameter De
for each type of pipe chosen. Figure 7.10 can also be used, which supplies the maximum flow in relation to the internal diameter Di.
If it is necessary to calculate the maximum flow Qmax for a rainwater downpipe of internal diameter Di with a filling factor f (other than 0.33)
the following formula can be used:
3.15
Q
max = ⋅ Di 2.667 ⋅ f 1.667 [6.8]
1000
Figure 6.9 Definition of rainwater downpipe.
6
©
20
10
Va
lsir
S.
p.A
.
≥10°
142
Table 6.2 Maximum flows for rainwater downpipes with filling degree f =0.33 (33%).
Maximum flow Qmax [l/s]

De [mm]
Polyethylene Polypropylene Triplus Silere
32 0.3 0.4 - -
40 0.6 0.7 0.7 -
50 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.1
56 1.7 - - -
63 2.4 - - -
75 4.0 4.3 4.1 3.5
90 6.5 7.1 6.7 6.1
110 11.2 12.1 11.7 10.5
125 15.7 17.0 16.4 15.1
160 30.3 32.8 31.7 30.9
200 57.4 - - -
250 104.1 - - -

315 192.8 - - -
Figure 6.10 Maximum flows for rainwater downpipes with filling factor f =0.33 (33%).
45 200
40 180
35 160
Maximum flow in rainwater downpipe Qmax [l/s]
Maximum flow in rainwater downpipe Qmax [l/s]

30 140
25 120
20 100
15 80
10 60
6
5 40

0 20
60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
Internal diameter of rainwater downpipe Di [mm]
143
6.4 Sizing of rainwater collector pipes
All pipes in a rainwater drainage system with a gradient lower than 10° relative to a horizontal line are to be sized as rainwater collector
pipes. The diameter of a rainwater collector pipe has to be chosen based on the expected flow rate and assumed filling degree; the filling
degree used must not exceed 0.7 (70%), as required by European Standard EN 12056-3, different values can be used if specified by local
or national regulations. Sizing of rainwater collector pipes can be done with the aid of the following tables that show the drainage velocity
and flow rate in relation to the filling degree f, the gradient of the collector pipe i and the external pipe diameter De.
The minimum pipe diameter allowed for rainwater collector pipes is De 110 mm.
Figure 6.11 Definition of rainwater collector pipe.
© 2010 Valsir S.p.

A.
<10°
Table 6.3 Speed and flow rate of drainage pipes in relation to slope and for a filling factor of f=0.5 (50%).
De = 110 De = 125 De = 135 De = 160 De = 200 De = 250 De = 315
i
v Q v Q v Q v Q v Q v Q v Q
6 [cm/m] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s]
0.5 0.5 1.7 0.5 2.6 0.5 2.6 0.6 5.3 0.7 9.9 0.9 18.2 1.0 33.9
1.0 0.7 2.4 0.7 3.7 0.7 3.7 0.9 7.5 1.1 14.0 1.2 25.7 1.5 48.0
1.5 0.8 2.9 0.9 4.5 0.9 4.5 1.1 9.1 1.3 17.2 1.5 31.4 1.8 58.8
2.0 0.9 3.3 1.0 5.2 1.0 5.2 1.3 10.6 1.5 19.8 1.7 36.3 2.1 67.8
2.5 1.0 3.7 1.2 5.9 1.2 5.9 1.4 11.8 1.7 22.2 2.0 40.6 2.3 75.8
3.0 1.1 4.1 1.3 6.4 1.3 6.4 1.5 12.9 1.8 24.3 2.1 44.5 2.5 83.1
3.5 1.2 4.4 1.4 6.9 1.4 6.9 1.7 14.0 2.0 26.2 2.3 48.0 2.7 89.7
4.0 1.3 4.7 1.5 7.4 1.5 7.4 1.8 14.9 2.1 28.0 2.5 51.3 2.9 95.9
4.5 1.4 5.0 1.6 7.8 1.6 7.8 1.9 15.8 2.2 29.7 2.6 54.5 3.1 101.8
5.0 1.5 5.3 1.6 8.3 1.6 8.3 2.0 16.7 2.4 31.4 2.8 57.4 3.2 107.3
6.0 1.6 5.8 1.8 9.1 1.8 9.1 2.2 18.3 2.6 34.3 3.0 62.9 3.6 117.5
7.0 1.7 6.2 2.0 9.8 2.0 9.8 2.4 19.8 2.8 37.1 3.3 67.9 3.8 126.9
8.0 1.8 6.7 2.1 10.5 2.1 10.5 2.5 21.1 3.0 39.7 3.5 72.6 4.1 135.7
9.0 2.0 7.1 2.2 11.1 2.2 11.1 2.7 22.4 3.2 42.1 3.7 77.0 4.4 143.9
10.0 2.1 7.5 2.3 11.7 2.3 11.7 2.8 23.6 3.3 44.3 3.9 81.2 4.6 151.7
144
De = 110 De = 125 De = 135 De = 160 De = 200 De = 250 De = 315
i
[cm/m] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s]
0.5 0.5 2.3 0.6 3.5 0.6 3.5 0.7 7.1 0.8 13.4 0.9 24.5 1.1 45.7
1.0 0.7 3.2 0.8 5.0 0.8 5.0 1.0 10.1 1.1 18.9 1.3 34.6 1.6 64.6
1.5 0.9 3.9 1.0 6.1 1.0 6.1 1.2 12.4 1.4 23.2 1.6 42.4 1.9 79.1
2.0 1.0 4.5 1.1 7.1 1.1 7.1 1.4 14.3 1.6 26.8 1.9 49.0 2.2 91.3
2.5 1.1 5.1 1.3 7.9 1.3 7.9 1.5 16.0 1.8 29.9 2.1 54.7 2.5 102.1
3.0 1.2 5.5 1.4 8.7 1.4 8.7 1.7 17.5 2.0 32.8 2.3 60.0 2.7 111.9
3.5 1.3 6.0 1.5 9.4 1.5 9.4 1.8 18.9 2.1 35.4 2.5 64.8 2.9 120.8
4.0 1.4 6.4 1.6 10.0 1.6 10.0 1.9 20.2 2.3 37.9 2.7 69.2 3.1 129.2
4.5 1.5 6.8 1.7 10.6 1.7 10.6 2.0 21.4 2.4 40.2 2.8 73.4 3.3 137.0
5.0 1.6 7.2 1.8 11.2 1.8 11.2 2.2 22.6 2.5 42.3 3.0 77.4 3.5 144.4
6.0 1.7 7.8 2.0 12.3 2.0 12.3 2.4 24.7 2.8 46.4 3.3 84.8 3.8 158.2
7.0 1.9 8.5 2.1 13.3 2.1 13.3 2.5 26.7 3.0 50.1 3.5 91.6 4.1 170.9

8.0 2.0 9.1 2.3 14.2 2.3 14.2 2.7 28.6 3.2 53.6 3.8 97.9 4.4 182.7
9.0 2.1 9.6 2.4 15.0 2.4 15.0 2.9 30.3 3.4 56.8 4.0 103.9 4.7 193.8
10.0 2.2 10.1 2.5 15.9 2.5 15.9 3.0 31.9 3.6 59.9 4.2 109.5 4.9 204.3
De = 110 De = 125 De = 135 De = 160 De = 200 De = 250 De = 315
i
[cm/m] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s]
0.5 0.5 2.8 0.6 4.4 0.6 4.4 0.7 8.9 0.8 16.7 1.0 30.6 1.2 57.0
1.0 0.7 4.0 0.8 6.3 0.8 6.3 1.0 12.6 1.2 23.7 1.4 43.2 1.6 80.6
1.5 0.9 4.9 1.0 7.7 1.0 7.7 1.2 15.5 1.5 29.0 1.7 52.9 2.0 98.7
2.0 1.0 5.7 1.2 8.9 1.2 8.9 1.4 17.9 1.7 33.5 2.0 61.1 2.3 113.9
2.5 1.2 6.3 1.3 9.9 1.3 9.9 1.6 20.0 1.9 37.4 2.2 68.3 2.6 127.4
3.0 1.3 7.0 1.4 10.9 1.4 10.9 1.7 21.9 2.1 41.0 2.4 74.9 2.8 139.6
3.5 1.4 7.5 1.6 11.7 1.6 11.7 1.9 23.6 2.2 44.3 2.6 80.9 3.1 150.7
6
4.0 1.5 8.0 1.7 12.6 1.7 12.6 2.0 25.3 2.4 47.3 2.8 86.4 3.3 161.1
4.5 1.6 8.5 1.8 13.3 1.8 13.3 2.1 26.8 2.5 50.2 3.0 91.7 3.5 170.9
5.0 1.7 9.0 1.9 14.0 1.9 14.0 2.3 28.2 2.7 52.9 3.1 96.6 3.6 180.2
6.0 1.8 9.8 2.1 15.4 2.1 15.4 2.5 30.9 2.9 58.0 3.4 105.9 4.0 197.4
7.0 2.0 10.6 2.2 16.6 2.2 16.6 2.7 33.4 3.1 62.6 3.7 114.4 4.3 213.2
8.0 2.1 11.4 2.4 17.8 2.4 17.8 2.9 35.7 3.4 66.9 3.9 122.3 4.6 227.9
9.0 2.2 12.0 2.5 18.8 2.5 18.8 3.0 37.9 3.6 71.0 4.2 129.7 4.9 241.7
10.0 2.3 12.7 2.6 19.8 2.6 19.8 3.2 39.9 3.8 74.8 4.4 136.7 5.2 254.8
145
6.5 Connection of rainwater pipes to waste and soil system
Rainwater drainage systems can be connected to the waste and soil systems as long as local or national regulations do not prohibit this and
provided the following conditions are satisfied:
1) Syphons must be installed on the rainwater drainage line before connection to the waste and soil system.
2) The rainwater plant shall drain a small surface area or a balcony with a maximum drainage flow of 1.0 l/s.
3) The rainwater plant shall be connected to a waste stack or collector pipe with a minimum diameter of DN 100.
4) The waste stack or collector pipe to which the rainwater plant is connected must have the capacity to convey the sum of waste water
and rainwater flow.
6.6 Sizing examples

Example 1 Rainwater drainage system
Size the rainwater plant, to be constructed in polyethylene, for the building indicated in the figure. Gradient of rainwater collector pipe of 2%
and filling factor of 70%. Rainfall intensity is 0.04 l/s·m2, flow coefficient of c1=1.0 and risk coefficient of c2=1.0.
Figure 6.12 Dimensions of roof covering.

Gradient of
roof covering
40 m
30 m
6 Calculation of rainfall flow rate

Considering the gradient of the roof covering shown in the illustration, it would be advisable to consider positioning two rows of rainfall
collector outlets along the longest walls of the building; the rainfall that accumulates on the surface of the roof covering will be equally
divided between the two rows of outlets.
The collection surface for each row is therefore given by 50% of the total collection surface:
A = 0.5 ⋅ ( 30 m ⋅ 40 m ) = 600 m 2 [6.9]
The flow collected by 50% of the surface covering is therefore:

2 2
Q
= r ⋅ A ⋅ c1 ⋅ c 2 = 0.04 l/s ⋅ m ⋅ 600 m ⋅1.0 ⋅1.0 = 24 l/s [6.10]
Sizing of rainwater downpipes

The number of outlets and the diameter of the rainwater downpipes are chosen by calculating the number of outlets required for each
diameter indicated in Table 6.2. Maximum flows for rainwater downpipes with filling factor f =0.33 (33%) Table 6.2, dividing the value of
the flow collected from the roof surface by the maximum drainage flow for the diameter in question. After identifying the number of outlets
(the result is rounded up), the calculation of the effective flow drained inside each rainwater downpipe is done by dividing the flow collected
from the surface by the number of outlets.
146
Table 6.6 Calculation of number of necessary outlets and effective flow drained into the rainwater downpipe
Effective flow drained into
De [mm] Maximum flow Qmax [l/s] Number of outlets
each outlet Q [l/s]
75 4.0 24/4.0 = 6.0  6 24/6 = 4
90 6.5 24/6.5 = 3.7  4 24/4 = 6
110 11.2 24/11.2 = 2.1  3 24/3 = 8
125 15.7 24/15.7 = 1.5  2 24/2 = 12
An excessive number of outlets will increase installation costs while an insufficient number of outlets will compromise the efficiency of the
system should one or two of the outlets become blocked.
In this case the best solution is to use diameter De 110 that requires the installation of 3 outlets on each side of the building.
The layout of the rainwater drainage system is therefore designed as shown in the following illustration.
Figure 6.13 System layout and identification of collector tracts.

E
6
Sizing of rainwater collector pipes
Rainwater collector pipes are sized in the same way as waste and soil systems analysing the various tracts of the collector pipe.
Table 6.7 Distribution of flows in the waste collector pipe.
Tract Q [l/s]
AB 8
BC 16
CD 24
DE 48
147
The minimum diameters required are identified for each tract of the collector pipe with the use of Table 6.5, with a gradient of 2%.
Table 6.8 Velocity and flow rate of waste pipes with a filling factor of f=0.7 (70%).
De = 110 De = 125 De = 135 De = 160 De = 200 De = 250
i
v Q v Q v Q v Q v Q v Q
[cm/m] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s] [m/s] [l/s]
0.5 0.5 2.8 0.6 4.4 0.6 4.4 0.7 8.9 0.8 16.7 1.0 30.6
1.0 0.7 4.0 0.8 6.3 0.8 6.3 1.0 12.6 1.2 23.7 1.4 43.2
1.5 0.9 4.9 1.0 7.7 1.0 7.7 1.2 15.5 1.5 29.0 1.7 52.9
2.0 1.0 5.7 1.2 8 < 8.9 1.2 8.9 1.4 16 < 17.9 1.7 24 < 33.5 2.0 48 < 61.1
2.5 1.2 6.3 1.3 9.9 1.3 9.9 1.6 20.0 1.9 37.4 2.2 68.3
3.0 1.3 7.0 1.4 10.9 1.4 10.9 1.7 21.9 2.1 41.0 2.4 74.9
Figure 6.14 Dimensions of the rainwater drainage system.
De 110
De 110
De 110
De 110
De 125 De 110
De 160 De 110
De 125
De 160
De 200
De 200
De 250
148
7 Installation and testing
7.1 Transport and storage

During transport the pipes must be stacked in an orderly and rational manner, taking care that the full length is lying flat (suitably distanced
if they are socketed pipes) and that, during loading and unloading operations, they are handled in such as way as to avoid violent knocks,
abrasions and deformations. This recommendation is especially important during the winter months or at any rate in periods when the rigid
temperatures are such as to render the material more fragile.
On the building site, the pipes and fittings should be handled with just as much care and always in such a way as to avoid any possible
alteration of the products. In particular, for socketed systems, avoid that the seals inside the sockets become covered with earth, gravel,
mud or any foreign material in general.
Store the pipes in areas that are protected as much as possible (from bad weather, low temperatures, direct sunlight) placing them on
horizontal and uniform surfaces; in the case of socketed pipes place them so that they are conveniently lying on wooden brackets (or on
packaging elements if they are suitably structured or made of an appropriate material such wood, polystyrene or plastic, in general).
In order to avoid deformations or alterations in the geometry of the pipes and sockets of the socketed waste systems (which would
compromise the seals), especially in the case or prolonged storage, avoid the formation of stacks that are over 1.70 m in height for
polyethylene, polypropylene and Triplus pipes are over 1.50 m for Silere pipes.
Do not leave the polypropylene, Triplus and Silere pipes in the open and exposed to direct sunlight for excessively long periods (over 18
months); the polyethylene is stabilised and therefore is not subject to exposure problems.
Figure 7.1 Packaging of polyethylene pipes and fittings.
©2
010
Vals
ir S.p
.A.
Installation and testing

Figure 7.2 Packaging of polypropylene pipes and fittings.
©
201
0V
als
ir S
.p.A
.
149
7.2 Connection of pipes and fittings
The type of connection that can be adopted, in relation to the type of waste system chosen, are numerous. Each one has different properties
and characteristics that can be classified in the following way:
a) Removable connections. These are connections that can be separated after assembly.
b) Non-removable connections. These are connections that cannot be separated once they have been installed.
c) Traction-resistant connections. These are connections that cannot be separated by traction.
d) Non-traction-resistant connections. These are connections that can be separated by traction in the pipe.
7.2.1 Connection by butt-welding

Figure 7.3 Connection by butt-welding.
Applicability:
polyethylene waste systems
Conection type:
non-removable, resist traction

This is a type of connection that can be used in all installations that are pre-fabricated in the workshop, or on site. Welding of conduits
or fittings in systems that are in operation, is not recommended. Butt-welding consists of heating the material to cause the fusion of the
surfaces to be welded by means of a metal plate and of successively uniting the two surfaces with the use of the welding machine or else
by hand (up to De 63 mm), by creating a suitable contact pressure. Butt-welding is characterised by a seam of material that surrounds the
connection zone. The heating time and the welding time depend on the thickness of the pipe (for a wall thickness of 10 mm, the heating
time is about 2 minutes, whereas the welding time is about 3.3 minutes).
For a correct welding remember that it is necessary to respect the following requirements:
■■ The chemical and physical characteristics of the materials to be welded must be compatible.
■■ The thickness and the diameters of the pipes to be welded must be the same.
■■ In situations of humidity, wind or low temperatures (below zero) the welding area should by covered by a protective tent and suitably
heated. It is recommended, at any rate, to carry out a few welding tests beforehand.
■■ The temperature of the end parts of the connections must be uniform when welding.
■■ The connection heads to be welded must be clean and maintained clean during the welding process.
■■ During welding and the other phases of the cycle (above all cooling) the connection must not, in any case, be subject to mechanical
stress.
7 ■■ The ends of the connections that are not being welded must be closed off with plugs to avoid that the connection is cooled down due to
the passage of air in the pipes.

■■ When welding large diameter pipes it is recommended to place the same on roll guides.
Manual butt-welding
The success of this operation is greatly influenced by the expertise and experience of the worker. It is therefore necessary that the latter
possesses sufficient experience and a good knowledge of the material and the welding process.
To weld by hand the following operations must be carried out:
a) Cut the connection to be welded in a perpendicular manner and with a clean cut, without shavings, by means of a fine-tooth pipe cutter
(Figure 7.4).
b) Place the two pieces on the thermo-plate that when fully heated must have a temperature of 210°C ± 5°C and press lightly until a uniform
seam of about 1 mm has formed around the whole circumference (Figure 7.5).
c) Remove the pieces from the plate, and in as short a time as possible, unite the two pieces and exercise an axial, increasing force without
rotation. To keep the pieces in axis a guide can be used (Figure 7.6).
d) Let the piece cool down. The connection should not be cooled artificially to accelerate the cooling time, for example, with cold water.
Furthermore, the connection should not be subject to mechanical stress if it has not cooled down completely.
150
Figure 7.4 Pipe cutting.
© 2010 Va
lsir S.p.A.
Figure 7.5 Heating. Figure 7.6 Welding.
p.A.
Valsir S.
© 2010

Connection by butt-welding with welding machine

To weld by using a welding machine, the following operations are carried out:
a) Cut the connection to be welded in a perpendicular manner and with a clean cut, without shavings, by means of a fine-tooth pipe cutter
(Figure 7.7).
b) Block the pipes and/or fittings to be welded by using clamps, thus keeping them on a straight axis and perfectly aligned (Figure 7.8).
c) Proceed with the chamfering by introducing the chamfering tool in such a way as to clean the surfaces to be welded (Figure 7.10).
d) The first phase of the welding process, known as adaptation, is carried out by introducing the thermo-element between the pieces to 7
be welded and applying a compression force on them of several Kgs (the value is read on the dynamometer on the side of the machine);
during this phase, two separate seams of melted plastic material are created and they must have a height equal to about 1/3 of the pipe
thickness (Figure 7.10).
e) In the second phase, the heating phase, we have a complete and uniform heating of the contact surfaces of the pieces to be welded.
The force to be applied must be such as to keep the height of the seam of melted material unaltered. The pressure application time
depends on the thickness of the pipe (Figure 7.13).
f) At the end of the heating time it is necessary to remove the pieces to be welded from the thermo-element.
g) In as short a time as possible, to avoid a fall in the temperature of the melted surfaces, it is necessary to place the pieces together with
a welding force that depends on the diameter of the pipe (Table 7.1). Once the necessary force has been reached (the value is read
on the dynamometer on the side of the machine), the welding machine is blocked in position (Figure 7.11) and the joint is left for a
cooling time that depends on the thickness of the pipe (Figure 7.15).
h) Once the machine has been unblocked, the clamps can be opened and the joint can be extracted (Figure 7.12).
i) Leave the piece to cool. The connection should not be cooled artificially to accelerate the cooling time, for example, with cold water.
Furthermore, the connection should not be subject to mechanical stress if it has not cooled down completely.
151
Figure 7.7 Pipe cutting. Figure 7.8 Blocking of pipes to be welded.
©2
010
Vals
ir S.p.A
.
©2
010
Vals
ir S.p
.A.
Figure 7.9 Chamfering of pipes to be welded. Figure 7.10 Heating.

©2
009
Vals ©2
ir S.p.A 010
. Vals
ir S.p.A
.
Figure 7.11 Welding. Figure 7.12 Unblocking of joint.
©2
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Vals
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.
©2
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Vals
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.
152
Table 7.1 Force to be applied during the welding phase.
Welding force
De
[kg]
40 6
50 7
56 8
63 9
75 10
90 15
110 22
125 28
140 35
160 45
200 57
250 90
315 140
Figure 7.13 Heating and welding times.

7

5
e
tim
Time [min]
ng
ldi
3 We
e
im
ngt
ati
He
2
7

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Pipe thickness [mm]
153
7.2.2 Connection by electro-fusion sleeve
Figure 7.14 Connection with electro-fusion sleeve.
Applicability:
Connection type:
non-removable, resists traction

This connection system can be applied to any type of installation both on existing systems and for transformations, repairs or pre-fabrication
work. This system requires the employment of particular sleeves, which contain an electrical resistance on the internal surface. The thermal
energy produced by the resistance under tension supplied by a particular welding machine provokes the heating of the material that melts
and welds together with the material of the sleeve. The electro-fusion sleeves have a central bar that, if removed, allows the sleeve to be
slid over the pipe thus allowing repair work (see Figura 7.15).
For a correct welding remember that it is necessary to respect the following requirements:
■■ Before welding, the pipes, fittings and the electro-fusion sleeve must have a temperature close to the atmospheric temperature, therefore,
they must not be exposed directly to sun rays, neither before, nor during the welding process.
■■ To weld, two types of welding machines can be utilised: the first can be used exclusively with Valsir products; the second, on the other
hand, is “universal” and can also weld other manufacturer’s sleeves.

Figure 7.15 Repair work.

154
For a correct welding process the following phases should be observed:
a) Cut the pipe with a fine-tooth saw or pipe cutter.
b) The surfaces of the ends to be welded must be uniformly and totally scraped, over an area of at least 1 cm beyond the length of pipe that
is to be inserted into the sleeve (Figure 7.16). The absence of scraping, or an incorrect scraping, can provoke a superficial attachment
preventing the molecular penetration. Scraping tools such as abrasivepaper, files, emery millers, etc., are to be avoided at all costs
c) Extract the sleeve from the package shortly before use and clean the inside with a clean cloth.
d) Insert the ends of the pipes and/or fittings to be welded into the sleeve, as far as the bar (Figure 7.17 e Figure 7.18). It is necessary
to ensure that the parts remain in position and are aligned during welding and successive cooling. Furthermore, avoid any type of
mechanical stress during the entire welding and cooling cycle.
e) The area where the welding process is carried out must be protected by unfavourable climatic conditions; in particular, the welding must
take place at temperatures between -5°C and +40°C.
f) Connect the sleeve to the welding machine (Figura 7.19). Connection must be made only after inserting the pieces that must be welded.
g) Once done, the welding machine will automatically start welding, producing an acoustic signal (Figura 7.20). The sleeves from diameter
40 to 160 mm are equipped with a detector that indicates when the fusion has been completed; if the welding has not been successful
this is indicated by the fact that the detector has not changed its colour from white to black (Figura 7.21). The same sleeve should never
be used for a new welding process; such a situation, in fact, could cause the temperature of the sleeve to increase beyond the
ignition temperature of the material with the risk of fire.
h) Once the welding has been completed, a cooling time must be observed (variable between 10 and 30 minutes depending on the diameter)
during which the connection must not undergo mechanical stress.
155
Figure 7.16 Scraping of surfaces to be welded. Figure 7.17 Positioning of electro fusion sleeve.
© 2010 Valsir S.p.A

.
© 2010
Valsir S.
p.A.
Figure 7.18 Completion of introduction of electro fusion sleeve. Figure 7.19 Electrical connection of the sleeve to the welding machine.
© 2010 Valsir S.p.A

.
© 2010 Val
sir S.p.A.
INSTALLATION AND TESTING
Figure 7.20 Start-up of welding process. Figure 7.21 Completion of the welding process with cooling.
7 © 2010 Va
lsir S.p.A. © 2010
Valsir S.
p.A.
156
7.2.3 Connection by expansion socket
Figure 7.22 Connection with expansion socket.
Applicability:
Connection type:

removable, not resistant to traction
The expansion socket is employed to absorb the thermal expansions or contractions of the waste conduits. It is utilised on each floor for the
connection of the waste stacks or else in the installation of the waste manifolds. The particular profile of the internal seal allows the pipe
to slide, thus ensuring a perfect water seal.
Installation involves a few simple steps:
a) Bevel the end of the pipe to be fitted to an angle of about 15°.
b) Lubricate the end of the pipe to be fitted, and the seal in the socket with Valsir lubricant (do not use oils or greases that could damage
the seal over time).
c) Respect the employment restrictions indicated on the socket.
Figure 7.23 Installation of a waste manifold with an expansion socket.

20°C
7.2.4 Connection by screw-threaded fitting

Figure 7.24 Connection with screw-threaded fitting.
Applicability:
7
Connection type:
157
The screw-threaded fitting is employed for the connection of various prefabricated pieces or when the fast dismantling of parts of the
pipework is necessary. This type of connection does not allow resistance to loads by axial traction, in this case, the use of a flange bushing
is necessary.
Figure 7.25 Screw-threaded fitting.
Nut
Ring
Seal
Threaded union
7.2.5 Connection by screw-threaded fitting with flange bushing

Figure 7.26 Connection with screw-threaded fitting with flange bushing.
Applicability:
Connection type:
7 Figure 7.27 Screw-threaded fitting with flange bushing.
The screw-threaded fitting with flange bushing is employed wherever

there is axial tensile stress or where there is the risk that the pipe
may become removed from the fitting. It is also recommended to
use the screw-threaded fitting with flange bushing for installation in
the pavement or in slabs if the pipe length exceeds 2 m.
158
7.2.6 Connection by flanged fitting
Figure 7.28 Connection with flanged fitting.
Applicability:
Connection type:
removable, resistant to traction

Connection with flanged fittings is mainly employed in industrial plants where the possibility of dismantling is required. The flanges
(standardised in compliance with VSM 18746/47 PN10 and PN16) are made with an aluminium alloy that is painted with epoxy powder that
makes it corrosion resistant. The employment of closed flanges allows the creation of access points for pipework of elevated diameters
(De 200, 250, 315 mm).
Figure 7.29 Components of the flanged fitting.
Screw
Open flange

Flange adaptor
Flat seal
Closed flange
7
Nut and washer
159
7.2.7 Connection by threaded fitting
Figure 7.30 Connection with threaded fitting.
Applicability:

Connection type:
removable, resistant to traction
Connections with threaded fittings (also known as metal-plastic joints) can be utilised for connecting polyethylene pipes with pipework
in threaded steel. The threading of the fitting (from ½” to 2” ½) is created on an external ring in metal (with male threads) or internally
(with female threads) that is melted onto the inside of the polyethylene piece. The fitting is also available with a brass nipple that allows
the connection of female threaded elements from ½”to 1” and, thanks to the particular construction in two pieces, provides an elevated
versatility in assembly.
7.2.8 Connection by contraction sleeve

Figure 7.31 Connection with contraction sleeve.
Applicability:

Connection type:
The contraction sleeve is a convenient connection possibility for the most part of irregular and special materials, or for the connection of
different types of pipework, for example, pipes for laboratory sinks. Installation is very simple:
a) The rubber ring (included in the pack) must be placed on the end of the pipe, exactly half way along the length of the sleeve
(see length h2 in Figure 7.33).
b) Push the contraction sleeve onto the end of the pipe.
c) Heat the attachment at a low temperature (about 125°C) in a regular manner, moving the flame constantly along the piece. The sleeve
will contract thus creating a water-tight connection (Figure 7.34).
7 d) The contraction sleeve cannot resist axial traction forces, it is therefore necessary to anchor the pipe with a fixed point anchor clip.
Figure 7.32 Application on laboratory Figure 7.33 Employment of contraction sleeve. Figure 7.34 Heating of the contraction sleeve.
sinks.
Contraction
sleeve
H2 approximately
H1
125°C
1
2
Anchor clip
© 2010w Valsir S.p.A.
160
7.2.9 Connection by push-fit socket
Figure 7.35 Connection with push-fit socket.
Applicability:
polyethylene waste system
polypropylene waste system
Triplus waste system
Silere waste system
Connection type:

Connections with push-fit sockets are extremely simple. The end of the pipe is pushed into the socket of another pipe or of a special piece;
the ring seal ensures a water-tight connection.
Even with such a simple procedure, there are still a few recommendations that should be observed in order to assure to the installation the
necessary reliability.
a) The pipe should be cut with a fine-tooth saw, suitably guided to guarantee that the cut is perpendicular or, alternatively, it can be cut with
a normal pipe cutter (Figure 7.36).
b) The end of the pipes must be bevelled and chamfered to an angle of about 15° by using a suitable chamfering tool or else a fine file
(Figure 7.37). The surface, at any rate, should be smooth to avoid damaging the ring seal in the socket, into which the pipe will be
pushed.
c) The spigots of special pieces should not be cut with the aim of avoiding precarious connections (Figure 7.38).
d) Ensure the inside of the socket, the seal, and spigot of the piece to be inserted, are clean. The piece to be inserted should then be suitably
covered with Valsir lubricant or – if not available – with soapy water. Do not use oils or mineral grease (Figure 7.39).
e) The pipes must be correctly inserted in the socket; this depends on the possible dilation of the pipework. Insufficient depth may not

guarantee the seal of the connection or it could be subject to excessive misalignments. On the other hand, if the pipe is pushed in as far
as the bar, then this could impede the expansion of the pipework (Figure 7.40). For a correct installation, insert the pipe as far as the bar
and then extract it by about 10 mm – such a space will compensate for any expansions (Figure 7.41); with fittings this operation can be
avoided.
f) Avoid excessive misalignments of the pipework. The seal would be forced to operate in precarious conditions that would not ensure a
perfect seal (Figure 7.42).
g) It is advisable to cover the joints to avoid cement to penetrate the connection with the consequent risk of damage to the seal (Figure 7.43).
For small distributions inside bathrooms and kitchens, the pipes can also be laid directly in the concrete without negative consequences.
Where pipes are transporting fluids at generally elevated temperatures, it is preferable to make a covering with heavy paper or cardboard
in order to allow expansions (Figure 7.44).
h) T he pipes in waste stacks must be anchored to the wall to avoid them falling back into the socket and depriving the system of the
necessary space for expansion. 7
161
Figure 7.36 Pipe cutting with saw or pipe cutter.
90°
©2
010
© 2010 Valsir S.p.A. Vals
ir S.p.A
.
Figure 7.37 Chamfering with a chamfering tool or fine cut fil.

15 °
Figure 7.38 Employment of fittings. Figure 7.39 Application of lubricant.
7
162
Figure 7.40 Reduced or excessive insertion depth.
Figure 7.41 Correct insertion depth.

10 mm

Figure 7.42 Excessive misalignment.
163
Figure 7.43 Covering of push-fit socket. Figure 7.44 Covering of pipework operating at high temperatures.
Heavy paper or
undulated cardboard Slab
Slab
Heavy paper or
ondulated cardboard
Gravel layer
Gravel layer
7.2.10 Connection by sliding sleeve
Applicability: Figure 7.45 Connection with sliding sleeve.

Triplus waste system
Silere waste system
Connection type:
Repair work can be carried out with the use of two sliding sleeves Figure 7.46 Mounting of a branch with the use of sliding sleeves.
and a piece of pipe. The same system can be utilised for inserting a
INSTALLATION AND TESTING
push-fit fitting onto an existing conduit, for example, in order to add

the drainage of a branch to a stack. The operations to be carried

out are as follows:
a) Cut the conduit by a length equal to 3 times the external diameter
of the pipe plus the length of the fitting to be inserted (in the
example, the branch).
b) Bevel the spigots of the cut pipe.
c) Apply the Valsir lubricant to the seals and the spigots to be
inserted.
d) Mount the fitting (in the example, the branch) and insert the
sliding sleeves onto the conduit.
7
Sleeve
e) Cut a new piece of pipe and insert it into the remaining space.
L
f) Position the sliding sleeves by placing them exactly over the

connection points.
min. 2 L
Pipe
Sleeve
164
7.2.11 Connection by bi-joint sleeve
Figure 7.47 Connection with sliding sleeve.
Applicability:
Silere waste system
Connection type:
For the connection of smooth pipes (without sockets) it is necessary to employ a bi-joint sleeve. Such a system allows pieces of pipe to
be recovered. With the connection of normal pipes with sockets, it is necessary, in order to compensate for normal thermal expansion, to
insert the pipe fully into the socket and then to extract it, by about 10 mm. With the bi-joint sleeve this operation is no longer necessary.
In fact, the special seal that is housed in the socket, compensates for the thermal expansions and gives optimum results in the saving of
time and a greater guarantee of seal.
The connection is made in the following manner:
Figure 7.48 Figure 7.51

1. M
ounting of connection 4. Insertion of bi-joint sleeve
gasket. onto the connection
■ Clean the end of the pipe gasket.

without chamfering it. ■ Insert the sleeve over the
■ Control the state of the gasket as far as the bar and

sleeve and clean the ends. make sure the gasket itself is
■ Mount the connection gasket inserted properly.
onto the pipe to be inserted.
Figure 7.49 Figure 7.52

2. A pplication of lubricant on 5. Completion of the
the bi-joint sleeve. connection with insertion
■ A pply the Valsir lubricant onto of the pipe.
A.
.p.
©2
ir S
010
ls
Vals
Va
ir S.p.A
the inside of the sleeve. ■ A pply the Valsir lubricant
10
.
20
7
©
Do not use oils or grease. onto the lip seal fitted on the
opposite side.
■ Insert the pipe or fitting as
far as the bar in the opposite

side of the bi-joint sleeve.
Figure 7.50
3. Application onto the
mouth of the connection
gasket.
■ A pply a small quantity of
Valsir lubricant over the

mouth of the connection
gasket.
165
7.3 Fire-stop sleeve
Figure 7.53 Fire-stop sleeve.
Applicability:
Silere waste system
When installing polyethylene or Silere waste pipes that pass through floors or walls, it is necessary to observe the safety regulations
regarding fire prevention. This requires the use of suitable fire-stop sleeves that are placed around the pipework in proximity to the passage
through the building structure, thus preventing the passage of flames; they are, in fact, made of a material that, when in contact with heat,
expands, thus obstructing the passage of flames, gas or heat through the hole that has been left by the pipe when it melts.
The Valsir fire-stop sleeves have an expansion ratio greater than 1:10 and present good acoustic characteristics. They are made of galvanised
sheet steel containing an internal covering of intumescent material, formed by intumescent graphite surrounded by a polyethylene matrix.
They are equipped with fastening clasps that can be freely positioned for an easy anchorage to the wall or ceiling. They are characterised
by a click-on system for a simple and fast installation without the necessity of using special utensils.

The fire-stop sleeves are employed in sealing passages through walls and ceilings in the presence of inflammable pipes (in PVC, PP, PE,
ABS) of diameters in the range of 40 to 315 mm, with a pipe wall thickness of 1.8 to 16.2 mm employed in waste systems, water supply
systems or aspiration conduits (dust). They can be installed in the wall (two sleeves, one on each side, see 7.54) or else in the floor (one
sleeve at one side of the ceiling, see 7.55) and they are suitable for ceilings and walls that are fire-resistant, in concrete, brickwork, cellular
concrete, plasterboard walls, etc.
Figure 7.54 Wall installation.

7 In-wall
External
Figure 7.55 Floor installation.

External In-wall
166
7.3.2 Usage restrictions, safety measurements and preservation
When creating a fire prevention sealing for the passage of pipes by using fire-stop sleeves, it is necessary to observe the requisites of the
national certifications issued for the product. They should be consulted to verify the restrictions imposed regarding the dimensions of the
opening, the type and the thickness of the wall or the floor, the maximum diameter of the pipe, etc.
Other aspects that should be kept in consideration for the employment of fire-stop sleeves are the following:
■■ They are not suitable for sealing passages with metal pipes.
■■ They are not suitable for use in highly corrosive environments.
■■ Anchors or fastening devices that are not fire-resistant should not be used.
■■ Preserve in the original packaging and away from humidity.
7.3.3 Installation
The installation of fire-stop sleeves involves the following steps:
a) Make the hole in the wall or floor by using a tool of suitable dimensions. Then install the conduit.
b) If the existing space between the pipe and the hole is large, it will need to be sealed with fire-prevention cement or, alternatively, a fire-
prevention intumescent sealant can be used. The remaining space between the pipe and the opening must be closed on one side of the
wall with a sealant in order to prevent the passage of smoke or gas during the first few minutes of the fire. The intumescent material of
the fire stop sleeve will close the opening when activated by the elevated temperature of the fire (see Figure 7.56).
c) The expansion of the intumescent material during the fire, completely closes off the pipes. It the pipes are very dirty and contain, for
example, cement residuals, this closing action could be delayed. It is therefore necessary to clean the surface of the plastic pipes in the
point where the fire-stop sleeves must be installed (see Figure 7.57).
d) Position the fire-stop sleeve around the pipe and close the closing device by pressing on it until a click can be heard. To close the
fire-stop sleeve, tools or screws are not required. Ensure that the sleeve is correctly positioned for the fastening of the blocking clasps
(see Figure 7.58).
e) The blocking clasps can be applied in different points of the sleeve’s metal structure. This makes possible to distance the blocking points
according to the space available. The clasps must be positioned as symmetrically as possible (see Figure 7.59).
f) To fasten the sleeve only the fastening clasps provided should be used. The fire-stop sleeve will be capable of protecting against the
passage of fire only, if it has been fastened correctly (see Figure 7.60).
g) For in-wall installation ensure that the hole is sufficiently large to contain the external diameter of the fire-stop sleeve. Insert the fire-
stop sleeve into the opening. For ceiling applications, the fire-stop sleeve must be installed flush with the lower ceiling surface. For wall

applications, insert a sleeve on each side and fill any remaining space around the installed sleeve with cement.
Figure 7.56 Sealing operation. Figure 7.57 Cleaning of pipe. Figure 7.58 Sleeve closure.
S.p.A.
Valsir
© 2010
S.p.A.
Valsir
© 2010
S.p.A.
Valsir
© 2010
7
Figura 7.59 Attachment clasps. Figura 7.60 Sleeve fastening.
©
20
10
Va
lsir S
.p.
A.
167
7.3.4 Normative references
The Standards and the relative Quality Marks are indicated in the following table.
Table 7.2 Reference Standards and Quality Marks.
Country Standard
Italy Circolare n. 91 del Ministero dell’interno

Germany DIN 4102 - 11
England LPS 1132 - issue 4
England BS 476
America UL 1479
France Arrêté du août 1999 du Ministére de l’Interieur
7.4 Testing
The testing of waste systems involves tests and verifications that are carried out both during installation and on completion of the system.
Valsir proposes the tests contained in the Italian Standard UNI 9183:1987, that has been replaced by UNI EN 12056-1 and UNI EN 12056-5,
in that in the European Standards no reference is made to any type of test to verify the acceptability of the system.
7.4.1 Pressure testing

This test is carried out during installation and consists of:
a)Isolating one section at a time.
b) Filling the section in question with water.
c) Increasing the internal pressure to 20 kPa and maintaining it for an hour.
d) During the test there must be no leaks of water whatsoever.
7.4.2 Flush test

This test is carried out once the system has been completed, and consists of:
a) Flushing contemporarily the fixtures determined by the calculation of the maximum contemporary flow for each system stack.
b) Verify that the drainage is regular and without returns, gurgling or variations in general.
c) Verify that the pans are capable of discharging light objects such as paper, cigarette butts, matchsticks, etc.
168
7.5 Laying of sewers or non-pressure underground conduits
The polyethylene pipes of the type BD can also be laid underground. Particular attention needs to be paid to the trench that will house the
pipework, the dimensions of which must match the prescribed dimensions, as illustrated in the figures below. Suitable machinery must be
used in order to prevent possible subsiding. The bed of the trench where the pipework will be laid, must be perfectly flat, and free of stones
or similar objects. Before the pipework is laid, a layer of approximately 10 cm of sand and strained clay must be deposited on the bed of the
trench. Once the pipework has been laid, the same type of material (sand and strained clay) is used to fill in the trench to a height of 15-20
cm above the upper side of the pipe. This layer must be suitably pressed in order to prevent any possible movement of the pipework. It is
important that the sand is pressed down immediately after the pipework has been laid: any subsiding that occurs where the ground has not
been made compact could cause the uncovering of the pipe. The depth at which the pipes are laid should take various factors into account,
such as, the possibility of heavy vehicles transiting over the spot, the problem of freezing, of the possibility of the pipe being compressed by
the backfill; we therefore advise observing the measurements shown in the figures below, they are, in fact, a result of tests and experience
acquired over time. The minimum filling height from the top side of the pipe must be 80 cm (Figure 7.61). If heavy vehicles are expected to
transit over the pipes then it is recommended to cover the trench with a light concrete casting once it has been filled in with sand, in order
to improve distribution of the compression forces (Figure 7.62). If two or more pipes are to be laid in the same trench, any possible contact
between them should be avoided; it is therefore recommended to leave a space of 10-15 cm between the pipes. To allow for any future
maintenance work this space will be filled in with sand.
The sections shown to the side, illustrate normal laying conditions. It is possible to create a trench where the pipe is laid in concrete; in this
case the behaviour of the conduit will be rigid and will not undergo deformations, unlike the previous examples where the pipes are flexible
(Figure 7.63). In underground waste conduits, thermal fluctuations are limited; that means that also the thermal expansions and contractions
are reduced. Therefore, it is possible to connect longer sections of pipe together without necessarily having to insert an expansion socket
every 6 meters. Where expansion sockets are employed on underground pipes, the insertion indications (0-20) shown on the fittings need
not be followed; it is recommended to insert the pipe as far as the bar, mark the depth and then extract it by 40 mm (Figure 7.64).
Figure 7.61 Laying of pipework in trenches with transit of light vehicles.

© 2010
Valsir
Backfill
S.p.A.

cm. 15 ÷ 20
D
Sleved sand
cm. 10
cm. 20 D cm. 20
169
Figure 7.62 Laying of pipework in trenches with transit of heavy vehicles.
© 2010
Valsir
Backfill
S.p.A.
Light concrete
cm. 15 ÷ 20
D
Sleved sand
cm. 10
cm. 20 D cm. 20
Figure 7.63 Laying of pipe in trenches with rigid solution.

© 20
10 Va
lsir S.p
Backfill
.A.
cm. 10
D
Concrete
cm. 10
cm. 20 D cm. 20
Figure 7.64 Application of expansion socket on underground pipe.

40
170
A Definitions
Table A.1 Terms and definitions.
Term Definition
Aeration valve Valve that allows the inlet of air into the sewer system but impedes the outlet of air. It has
the scope of limiting the variations in pressure in the sanitary pipework.
Air flow Qa Minimum air flow through a ventilation conduit or an aeration valve, measured with a
pressure fall of 250 Pascal, in litres per second [l/s].
Fitting with section equal to the pipe, that forms an angle equal to or smaller than 45° or
Angle branch that has a development along its own axis greater than or equal to the internal diameter of
the pipe.
Black waters Waste water containing faecal matter or urine.
Continuous flow Qc Flow of all the continuous flows (for example the cooling waters), in litres per second [l/s].
Depth of the water seal H Depth of the water that should be eliminated from a trap that is completely full, before the
gas and foul smells at atmospheric pressure can pass through the trap.
Domestic sanitary fixtures Fixed fixtures supplied with water, used for cleaning or washing. For example: bathtubs,
showers, washbasins, bidets, WCs, urinals, sinks, dishwashers and washing machines.
Domestic waste water Water contaminated by use and usually discharged by WCs, showers, bathtubs, bidets,
washbasins, sinks and floor drains.
Drainage unit DU Average waste flow of a sanitary fixture, expressed in litres per second [l/s].
External diameter De Average external diameter of the conduit in any transversal section.
Filling degree Relationship between the height of the water h and the internal diameter Di.
Fitting bend First fitting after the trap in the direction of the flow.
Floor drain Waste accessory having the function of receiving the floor water through openings in a grid
or from pipes fitted to the body of the accessory. A drain may include a trap.
Frequency coefficient K Variable that takes into consideration the frequency of use of the sanitary fixtures.
APPENDIX
Grey waters Waste water that does not contain faecal matter or urine.
Hydraulic capacity Qmax Maximum flow of water allowed in a branch, a stack or a waste manifold, in litres per
second [l/s].
Industrial waste waters Industrial waste water and water contaminated/polluted by production processes, including 8
water from cooling systems.
Internal diameter Di Average internal diameter of the conduit in any transversal section.
Meteorological waters Water deriving from non-contaminated precipatations.
Minimum internal diameter di,min Minimum internal diameter allowed, taking into account the maximum tolerances.
171
Term Definition
Mixed system Waste system supplied with one conductor for the drainage of meteorological water and
waste water.
Nominal diameter DN Numerical designation of the dimension, which is a suitably rounded-off number, that
corresponds approximately to the diameter expressed in millimetres.
Non-domestic sanitary fixtures Special sanitary fixtures used in industrial kitchens, washrooms, laboratories, hospitals,
hotels, swimming pools, etc.
Pumping flow Qp Pumping flow of waste water in litres per second [l/s].
Relief vent of the waste stack Extension of a vertical waste stack above the connection of the highest branch, with the
end terminated in open air.
Separated system Waste system supplied with separate conductors for the drainage of meteorological water
and waste water.
Square branch Fitting with section equal to the pipe, that forms an angle greater than 45° or that has a
development along its own axis smaller than the internal diameter of the pipe.
Stack deviation Non-vertical part of a waste stack.
Total flow Qtot The total flow is the sum of the waster water flows Qww, of the continuous flow Qc and the
pumping flow Qp, in litres per second [l/s].
Trap Device having the scope of preventing the passage of foul-smelling air by means of a water
seal.
Vent stack Main vertical ventilation pipe, fitted to a waste stack, having the task of limiting the pressure
fluctuations inside the waste stack.
Ventilation conduit Conduit having the function of limiting the pressure fluctuations inside the waste system.
Ventilation of a branch conduit Ventilation conduit fitted to a waste branch.
Waste branch Pipe that connects the sanitary fixtures to the waste stack or to a waste manifold.
Waste conduit Arrangement of pipes and fittings connected to a waste system with or without a ventilation
conduit.
Waste manifold Sub-horizontal pipework, surface-mounted inside a building or underground to which the
waste stack and the ground floor sanitary fixtures are connected.
APPENDIX
Waste stack Main pipework (generally vertical) that transports the waste water deriving from the sanitary
fixtures.
System composed of a waste conductor and other components for the collection and
Waste system drainage of waste systems by gravity. The rising systems of waste waters can be considered
part of gravity waste systems.
Water contaminated by use and all water that flows in the waste system; for example,
8 Waste water domestic and industrial waste water, condensation water and also meteorological waste if
discharged into a waste water system.
Waste water flow Qww Total project flow deriving from the sanitary fixtures in a waste system or in part of it; in
litres per second [l/s].
White waters Waters deriving from non-contaminated precipitations or from garden, kitchen garden or
park irrigation systems.
172
B Flow in waste manifolds
The flow in waste manifolds, unlike the flow in pressure pipes for aqueducts, does not occupy the entire section but just a part of it; the
characteristics of the flow can be represented by different hydraulic formulae. The formula utilised in this text in the Chézy formula, as
shown:
v = R J [B.1]
where:
v is the flow velocity [m/s],
R is the hydraulic radius of the pipe [m],
χ is the coefficient of loss which according to Bazin is given by the following formula:
87
= [B.2]
1+
R
with γ the coefficient of roughness [m1/2].
Figure B.1 Typical dimensions of waste manifolds.
The geometrical characteristics of a tube characterised by a free

flow are defined in Figure B.1 The first characteristic size is the © 2009 Valsir S.p.A.
hydraulic radius R given by the relationship between section S and

Di θ
the wet perimeter p, the second is the equivalent diameter Deq that
is four times the hydraulic radius. h
S
p
S
R = [B.3]
p
Deq = 4 R [B.4]
These sizes can be expressed as a function of the filling degree of the pipe h/Di:
h
= 2 arccos 1 2 [B.5]
APPENDIX
Di
Di sen
R = 1 [B.6]
4
sen
Deq = Di 1 [B.7]
8
as can the section of the wet perimeter:
2 sen
S = Di [B.8]
8
p = Di [B.9]
2
173
C The materials
C.1 Polyethylene
Polyethylene was first discovered in the laboratories of the Industrial Chemical Industries, in England, by E. W. Fawcett and R. O. G. Gibson
that discovered traces of polyethylene in the form of a white powder obtained by the polymerisation of ethylene at elevated temperatures
and pressures. In 1933 l.C.I. obtained a patent and the industrial production started in 1938: they first produced low density polyethylene
with applications in household products. In the mid 50s two new patents were deposited for the manufacture of polyethylene, by Professor
Ziegler and the Phillips Petroleum Co.: the new industrial process allowed the creation of a polyethylene with the same chemical composition
but with a higher density by utilising catalysts and by working at low pressures and low temperatures. Other procedures and improvements
were introduced over the years thanks to research, the experience obtained and the technical and commercial requirements, to the
extent that today the raw material now available is extremely reliable, durable and versatile and is used in multiple fields for the widest of
applications: fuel tans, electric wire sheathing, gas pipelines, residential waste and sewer systems, bottles, food containers, stretch film,
packaging, etc.
What is polyethylene?
Polyethylene is a thermoplastic resin obtained by the polymerisation of ethylene, C2H4, an unsaturated hydrocarbon, whose physical state
under normal conditions is gaseous. The polymerisation process consists of uniting the ethylene molecules to form long chains that then
become solid compounds that are the base resins, called polymers. The molecules that make up the polymers can be more or less ramified,
close together or far apart, and long or short. These characteristics determine the properties of the polyethylene.
The principal characteristics are therefore:
■■ The density (which depends on the distance between the molecules).
■■ The molecular weight (which depends on the length of the molecules).
■■ The distribution of the molecular weight (which depends on the distance and the length of the molecules).
Polyethylene is usually divided into two families:

■■ Low density polyethylene (920 ÷ 930 kg/m3).
■■ High density polyethylene (945 ÷ 965 kg/m3).
There is also a medium density polyethylene. In particular, low density polyethylene is characterised by a highly ramified structure, while high
density polyethylene is more linear. “Additives” are then added to the base resins in order to make them suitable for specific applications
and for different transformation processes.
Characteristics
High density polyethylene (945 ÷ 965 kg/m3), characterised by a very crystalline molecular structure (slightly ramified molecules which are
close together), is also utilised for the manufacture of pipes and fittings for waste systems.
The Standards allow their use in gravity waste systems, at a maximum temperature of 95°C for:
■■ Sanitary appliances.
■■ Washing machines, dishwashers.
■■ Large-scale kitchens, washrooms, industrial plants.

APPENDIX
■■ Rainwater ducts.
■■ Aggressive fluids in schools, laboratories and industrial buildings (for the resistance to chemical agents verify compatibility in the
enclosed tables).
The reasons for the widespread use of this material can be found in its properties:
■■ Elevated mechanical resistance.
8 ■■ Flexibility.
■■ Impact resistance (even at low temperatures).
■■ Corrosion resistance.
■■ Ease of installation.
■■ Elevated versatility.
■■ Elevated resistance to chemical agents.
In particular, as compared with metal pipes, polyethylene is easier to connect, offers greater flexibility, and greater resistance to corrosion.
As compared with other plastic materials, it offers a more ample operating temperature (-40°C ÷ +95°C), greater flexibility, a more elevated
mechanical resistance, and greater impact resistance. HDPE is not flame-retardant, the use of fire-stop sleeves is therefore necessary at
each passage through walls or ceilings.
174
C.2 Polypropylene
Polypropylene is one of the more recently discovered plastics and is obtained by polymerising propylene. It was first discovered in 1950
by Fontana who, operating in the presence of particular catalysers (Friedel - Crafts) created a type that was characterised by a disorderly
structure with an elevated molecular weight. The synthesis of isotactic polypropylene – obtained by Giului Natta in 1954 - was an important
breakthrough for industrial purposes. Isotactic polypropylene is particular, in that the methylic radicals are all arranged on the same side of
the chain. Montedison commenced production in 1957 under the trademark “Moplen”. Later on, various European, American and Japanese
companies started production trading under different trade names.
What is polypropylene?
Polypropylene is one of multiple derivatives of propylene (CH3 – CH = CH2). Depending on the polymerisation conditions and the type of
catalyser employed, the polymers can present a orderly configuration, so-called because the monomerical units present a distinguished
configuration, just as their succession law is distinguished. In fact, different types of propylene with extremely differentiated properties
and applications are known deriving from the different structure of the macromolecules; their properties are then influenced, not only by
the molecular weight, but also by the presence of ramifications along the molecular chain. It is important to note that polymers with an
orderly arrangement (isotactic and syndiotactic PP) have an elevated crystallisation degree, a relatively high melting temperature and good
mechanical properties. On the other hand, atactic polypropylenes do not tend to crystallise and have elastomerical properties that do not
make it particularly interesting for production purposes. Other products, among which trimer and tetramer are utilised as intermediates in
the chemical industry. For industrial applications, only isotactic polymers are taken into consideration in that, the others, even though they
are interesting from a scientific point of view, are not currently under development for commercial uses. Polypropylene is a thermoplastic
resin, characterised therefore, by the tendency to alter its aggregation state in relation to the temperature. Polypropylene, in fact, forms
a plastic state when heated and returns rigid when cooled; this characteristic enables the production of products by injection, extrusion,
blown-extrusion and vacuum forming. It is never employed in its pure state but additives are used with particular compounds, called
“loads”, in order to obtain the mechanical characteristics needed for the employment of various products. The toy industry was one of
the first to employ PP to replace other materials, above all thanks to the ease of molding of objects even of considerable dimensions such
as the bodywork of pedal cars, sleighs etc. The electro domestics industry is a huge consumer for the manufacture of components for
polishing machines, coffee grinders, blenders, vacuum cleaners, ventilators etc. The car industry uses it for producing containers for air
filters, corrugated pipes, cooling fans. The chemical industry uses it for the production of containers, tubs, pipes, valves, also for aggressive
liquids. We recommend consultation of the Italian Standard 6/83 UNI ISO/TR 7471 pertaining to “Chemical resistance toward fluids” – Pipes
and fittings in polypropylene PP). The electronics industry employs it for the bodywork of radios and recorders, supports or insulating bases.
There is also a large quantity of objects that we use on a daily basis, such as shelves, hinges for furniture, seats, and various containers
that give an idea of the extreme versatility of polypropylene.
Characteristics
The isotactic polymer is characterised by a crystalline molecular structure which, in commercial products, is between 45% and 60%.
It is odourless, colourless, and slightly transparent which means that it is easily coloured in a vast range of dyes with elevated superficial
shine. Although similar to high density polyethylene, it distinguishes itself, in normal conditions, by the following aspects:
■■ Lower density (900 ÷ 950 kg/m3).
■■ Higher softening point.
■■ Improved behaviour at elevated temperatures.
■■ Greater rigidity and hardness.

APPENDIX
■■ Greater resistance to surface scratches and abrasion.
175
Like high density polyethylene, it offers excellent dielectric properties independent of the frequency. High frequency heating is therefore
not possible.
Due to the elevated insulating characteristics, polypropylene tends toward electrostatic charges; where this phenomenon is not compatible
with the employment of the product an antistatic modification is made.
Where requested, particular “loads” are added to the product in its pure state, to obtain characteristics that are coherent with its employment;
for example, halogens (bromides) are added in order to render the product “flame-retardant”. Improvement of the characteristics at low
temperatures is achieved by copolymerisation with other olefins (generally, ethylene).
Polypropylene is resistant to a large number of chemical products. It is highly resistance, in fact, to detergents and surface-active products,
even at elevated temperatures, to watery solutions of inorganic salts, weak inorganic acids, alkaline solutions, alcohol and some oils.
Polypropylene is not compatible with strong oxidising agents such as chlorosulphonic acid, 100% oleum, fuming nitric acid and halogenated
hydrocarbon.
Alteration phenomena may occur with the use of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons such as petrol and benzyl, especially at high
temperatures. It absorbs very little water (less than 0.02%) and such absorption is limited to the superficial layers. Finally, it is worth
highlighting that, due its elevated resistance to chemical agents, polypropylene is not suitable for solvent welding.
In practice, gluing can be carried out only with polychloroprene-based adhesives.
The characteristics mentioned, combined with the particular technology used by Valsir, make polypropylene a material that is extremely
suitable for the manufacture of pipes and fitting for waste systems with push-fit fittings. Polypropylene is resistant to almost all acids and
mineral bases, even concentrated, at temperatures exceeding 60°C.
The behaviour of the product when in contact with different organic chemical agents depends on the entity with which such agents are
absorbed by the polymer; this entity in turn depends on the type of chemical agent and the temperature at which it comes into contact
with the polymer itself. In general, the higher the temperature the greater the quantity of agent that is absorbed by the polypropylene and
therefore, the variations in the mechanical characteristics of the polymer are more evident.
APPENDIX
176
D NORMATIVE AND LEGISLATIVE REFERENCES
Reference Title Publication
Ordinary Parliament Law n. 447 Official Document S.O. n. 254

Law regarding noise pollution
dated 26/10/1995 - Italy dated 30 October 1995
Decree of President of Ministers Official Document n. 297 dated

Determination of passive acoustic requirements in buildings
dated 5 December 1997 - Italy 22 December 1997
Decree of President of Ministers Official Document n. 280 dated

Determination of limit values of noise sources
dated 14 November 1997 - Italy 14 November 1997
Decree of President of Ministers Maximum limits of noise exposure in households and external Official Document n. 57 dated 8
dated 1 march 1991 - Italy environments march 1991
Gravity drainage systems inside buildings - General and

UNI EN 12056-1 Year 2001
performance requirements
Gravity drainage systems inside buildings - Sanitary pipework,

UNI EN 12056-2 Year 2001
layout and calculation
Gravity drainage systems inside buildings – Roof drainage,

UNI EN 12056-3 Year 2001
layout and calculation
Gravity drainage systems inside buildings – Wastewater lifting

UNI EN 12056-4 Year 2001
plants - Layout and calculation
Gravity drainage systems inside buildings – Installation and

UNI EN 12056-5 Year 2001
testing, instructions for operation, maintenance and use.
Laboratory measurement of noise from waste water

UNI EN 14366 Year 2005
installations
Building acoustics – Estimation of acoustic performance of

UNI EN 12354-1 buildings from the performance of elements – Airborne sound Year 2002
insulation between rooms.
UNI EN 12354-2 buildings from the performance of elements – Impact sound Year 2002
insulation between rooms
Building acoustics – Estimation of acoustics performance of
UNI EN 12354-3 buildings from the performance of elements - Airborne sound Year 2002
insulation against outdoor sound
UNI EN 12354-4 buildings from the performance of elements - Transmission of Year 2003
indoor sound to the outside.
APPENDIX

UNI EN 12354-6 buildings from the performance of elements - Part 6: Sound Year 2006
absorption in enclosed spaces
DIN 4109 Sound insulation in buildings - requirements and testing Year 1989
On-site measurement of noise emitted by water supply and

DIN 52219 Year 1993
drainage systems 8
Acoustics - Acoustic test of air-conditioning and ventilating
UNI 8199 Year 1998
systems - Contract guide lines and method of measurement
177
E Chemical resistance of HDPE and PP
The following table indicates the chemical resistance of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) in accordance with the
standard document ISO/TR 10358:1993.
Table E.1 Abbreviations utilised.
Term or abbreviation Description
Sol.dil. Diluted water solution, concentration <10% unsaturated

Sol.sat Saturated water solution prepared at 20°C
Sol. Diluted water solution, concentration >10% unsaturated
Sol.lav. Operating solution, that is, the usual concentration for industrial use
Tg-s Technical grade, solid
Tg-l Technical grade, liquid
Tg-g Technical grade, gas
Sosp Suspension of solids in a saturated solution at 20°C
S Sufficient resistance
L Limited resistance
NS Insufficient resistance
Table E.2 Chemical resistance.
T T
Compound Concentration HDPE PP Compound Concentration HDPE PP
[°C] [°C]
Acetaldehyde 40% 20 S Vinegar Oper.sol. 20 S S
Acetaldehyde 60 L Vinegar 60 S S
Acetaldehyde Tg-l 20 L Acetophenone Tg-s 20 S
Acetaldehyde 60 S Acetophenone 60 L
Silver acetate Sat.sol. 20 S S Acetophenone Tg-s 20 S
Silver acetate 60 S S Acetophenone 60 L
Butyl acetate Tg-l 20 L Acetone Tg-l 20 L S
Butyl acetate 60 NS Acetone 60 L S
Butyl acetate 100 NS Acetone Tg-l 20 L S
APPENDIX
Ethyl acetate Tg-l 20 S L Acetone 60 L S

Ethyl acetate 60 NS NS Acetic acid <10% 20 S S
Methyl acetate Tg-l 20 S Acetic acid 50 S S
Methyl acetate 60 S Acetic acid 60 S S
Lead acetate Dil.sol. 20 S S Acetic acid 100 S
8 Lead acetate 60 S S Acetic acid 40% 20 S S
Lead acetate Sat.sol. 20 S S Acetic acid 60 S
Lead acetate 60 S S Acetic acid 50%, 20 S S
Sodium acetate Sat.sol. 20 S S Acetic acid 60 S
Sodium acetate 60 S S Acetic acid 100 L
Sodium acetate 100 S Acetic acid 60% 20 S
178
T T
[°C] [°C]
Acetic acid 80% 20 S Hydrochloric acid, damp Tg-g 20 S
gas
Glacial Acetic acid >96% 20 S S Hydrochloric acid, damp
gas 60 S
Glacial Acetic acid 60 L L
Chloroacetic acid Sol. 20 S S
Glacial Acetic acid 100 NS
Chloroacetic acid 60 S
Adipic acid Sat.sol. 20 S S
Chlorosulphonic acid 20 NS NS
Adipic acid 60 S S
Chlorosulphonic acid 60 NS NS
Adipic acid Sat.sol. 20 S S
Chlorosulphonic acid 100 NS
Adipic acid 60 S S
Chromic acid 20% 20 S
Benzoic acid Sat.sol. 20 S S
Chromic acid 60 L
Benzoic acid 60 S S
Boric acid Sol. dil. 20 S S
Chromic acid 60 L
Boric acid 60 S S
Boric acid Sat.sol. 20 S S
Chromic acid 60 L
Boric acid 60 S S
Dichloroacetic acid Tg-l 20 L
Hydrobromic acid 20% 20 S
Diglycolic acid Sat.sol. 20 S
Hydrobromic acid 60 S
Hydrofluoric acid 10% 20 S S
Hydrobromic acid 50% 20 S S
Hydrofluoric acid 60 S S
Hydrobromic acid 60 S L
Hydrofluoric acid 40% 20 S
Hydrobromic acid Tg-g 20 S
Fluosilic acid 40% 20 S
Hydrobromic acid 60 S
Fluosilic acid 60 S
Butyric acid Tg-l 20 S
Formic acid 10% 20 S S
Butyric acid 60 L
Formic acid 60 S S
Hydrocyanic acid 10% 20 S
Formic acid 40% 20 S S
Hydrocyanic acid 60 S
Formic acid 60 S S
Citric acid Sat.sol. 20 S S
Formic acid Tg-l 20 S S
Citric acid 60 S S
Formic acid 60 S NS
Hydrochloric acid 10% 20 S S
APPENDIX
Phosphoric acid < 50% 20 S S
Hydrochloric acid 60 S S
Phosphoric acid 60 S S
Phosphoric acid 100 S
Hydrochloric acid 60 S S
Phosphoric acid from 50% to 75% 20 S
Phosphoric acid 50
Hydrochloric acid 60 S L
Phosphoric acid 60 S 8
Phosphoric acid 80
Hydrochloric acid 60 S
Phosphoric acid 100
Hydrochloric acid, dry gas Tg-g 20 S
Phosphoric acid from 25% to 85% 20 S
Hydrochloric acid, dry gas 60 S
Phosphoric acid 50
Hydrochloric acid, damp Tg-g 20 S
gas Phosphoric acid 60 S
179
T T
[°C] [°C]
Phosphoric acid 80 Propionic acid 50% 20 S
Phosphoric acid 100 S Propionic acid 60 S
Glycolic acid Sol. 20 S Propionic acid > 50% 20 S
Glycolic acid 60 S Propionic acid Tg-l 20 S
Lactic acid 10% 20 S S Propionic acid 60 L
Lactic acid 60 S S Salicylic acid Sat.sol. 20 S S
Lactic acid 90% 20 S S Salicylic acid 60 S
Lactic acid 60 S S Hydrogen sulphide Tg-g 20 S S
Maleic acid Sol. 20 S S Hydrogen sulphide 60 S S
Maleic acid 60 S S Sulphuric acid Up to 10% 20 S S
Maleic acid Sat.sol. 20 S S Sulphuric acid 60 S S
Maleic acid 60 S S Sulphuric acid 100 S
Chloroacetic acid (mono) >85% 20 S Sulphuric acid 15% 20 S S
Chloroacetic acid (mono) 60 S Sulphuric acid 60 S
Nitric acid 5% 20 S S Sulphuric acid 10% to 30% 20 S S
Nitric acid 60 S Sulphuric acid 60 S S
Nitric acid 20% 20 S S Sulphuric acid 10% to 50% 20 S S
Nitric acid 60 S NS Sulphuric acid 60 S
Nitric acid 25% 20 S S Sulphuric acid 20 S S
Nitric acid 60 S NS Sulphuric acid 60 S L
Nitric acid 30% 20 S Sulphuric acid 100 L
Nitric acid 60 NS Sulphuric acid 50% to 75% 20 S
Nitric acid 35% 60 NS Sulphuric acid 60 S
Nitric acid 50% 20 L L Sulphuric acid Up to 30% 20 S S
Nitric acid 60 NS NS Sulphuric acid 60 S
Nitric acid >50% 20 NS NS Sulphuric acid 96% 20 S
Nitric acid 60 NS NS Sulphuric acid 100 NS
APPENDIX
Fuming nitric acid 20 NS NS Sulphuric acid 60 L

Fuming nitric acid 60 NS NS Sulphuric acid 100 NS
Oleic acid tg-l 20 S S Sulphuric acid 98% 20 S L
Oleic acid 60 S L Sulphuric acid 60 NS NS
8 Oxalix acid Sat.sol. 20 S S Sulphuric acid 100 NS

Oxalix acid 60 S L Sulphuric acid Fuming 20 NS L
Oxalix acid 100 NS Sulphuric acid 60 NS NS
Oxalix acid Sat.sol. 20 S S Tannic acid Sol. 20 S S
Oxalix acid 60 S S Tannic acid 60 S S
Perchloric acid (2N) 20% 20 S Tannic acid Sol. 20 S S
Picric acid Sat.sol. 20 S S Tartaric acid 60 S S
180
T T
[°C] [°C]
Tartaric acid Sat.sol. 20 S S Methanol 60 L
Tartaric acid 60 S S Methanol Tg-l 20 S S
Chloroacetic acid (tri) Up to 50% 20 S Methanol 60 S
Chloroacetic acid (tri) 60 S Amyl alcohol Tg-l 20 S S
Water 20 S S Amyl alcohol 60 L L
Water 60 S S Amyl alcohol 60 S S
Water 100 S Amyl alcohol 100 S
Chlorine water Sat.sol. 20 L S Isopropyl alcohol Tg-l 20 S
Chlorine water 60 NS L Isopropyl alcohol 60 S
Distilled water 20 S S Aluminium Chloride Sosp. 20 S S
Distilled water 60 S S Aluminium Chloride 60 S S
Distilled water 100 S Aluminium Chloride Sosp. 20 S S
Fresh water 20 S S Aluminium Chloride 60 S S
Fresh water 60 S S Aluminium hydroxide Sosp 20 S S
Fresh water 100 S Aluminium hydroxide 60 S S
Sea water 20 S S Aluminium hydroxide Sosp 20 S S
Sea water 60 S S Aluminium hydroxide 60 S S
Sea water 100 S Aluminium nitrate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Mineral water Oper.sol. 20 S S Aluminium nitrate 60 S S
Mineral water 60 S S Aluminium nitrate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Mineral water 100 S Aluminium nitrate 60 S S
Hydrogen peroxide 10% 20 S S Aluminium Chloroxide Sosp. 20 S S
Hydrogen peroxide 60 S S Aluminium Chloroxide 60 S S
Hydrogen peroxide 30% 20 S S Aluminium Chloroxide Sosp. 20 S S
Hydrogen peroxide 60 S L Aluminium Chloroxide 60 S S
Hydrogen peroxide 90% 20 S NS Aluminium potassium Sat.sol. 20 S S
sulphate
Hydrogen peroxide 60 NS NS Aluminium potassium 60 S S
APPENDIX
sulphate
Potable water Oper.sol. 20 S S
Aluminium potassium Sat.sol. 20 S S
Potable water 60 S S sulphate
Aluminium potassium 60 S S
Potable water 100 S sulphate
Brackish water 20 S S Aluminium Sulphate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Brackish water 60 S S Aluminium Sulphate 60 S S

8
Brackish water 100 S Aluminium Sulphate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Acrylonitrile Tg-l 20 S Aluminium Sulphate 60 S S
Acrylonitrile Tg-l 20 S Amyl acetate Tg-l 20 S L
Benzilic acid Tg-l 20 S Amyl acetate 60 S l
Benzilic acid 60 L Ammonia Sat.sol. 20 S S
Methanol 5% 20 S Ammonia 60 S S
181
T T
[°C] [°C]
Ammonia Sat.sol. 20 S S Potassium bicarbonate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Ammonia 60 S S Potassium bicarbonate 60 S S
Ammonia gas Tg-g 20 S S Potassium bicarbonate 100 S
Ammonia gas 60 S S Sodium bicarbonate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Ammonia gas Tg-g 20 S S Sodium bicarbonate 60 S S
Ammonia gas 60 S S Sodium bicarbonate 100 S
Ammonium acetate Sat.sol. 20 S Potassium dichromate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Ammonium acetate 60 S Potassium dichromate 60 S S
Ammonium acetate Sat.sol. 20 S Potassium dichromate 100 S
Ammonium acetate 60 S Potassium dichromate 40% 20 S
Ammonium Sulphide 60 S S Potassium dichromate 60 S
Acetic anhydride Tg-l 20 S S Sodium dichromate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Acetic anhydride 60 L Sodium dichromate 60 S S
Sulphuric anhydride Tg-l 20 NS Sodium dichromate 100 S
Sulphuric anhydride 60 NS Carbon dioxide, dry Tg-g 20 S S
Sulphur dioxide dry 20 S S Carbon dioxide, dry 60 S S
Sulphur dioxide dry 60 S Beer 20 S S
Sulphur dioxide damp 20 S Beer 60 S S
Sodium antimonate Sat.sol. 20 S S Misenite Sat.sol. 20 S S
Sodium antimonate 60 S S Misenite 60 S S
Air Tg-g 20 S S Sodium hydrogen sulphate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Air 60 S S Sodium hydrogen sulphate 60 S S
Air Tg-g 20 S S Carbon disulfide Tg-l 20 NS L
Air 60 S S Carbon disulfide 60 NS NS
Sodium arsenate Sat.sol. 20 S S Borax Sol. 20 S S
Sodium arsenate 60 S S Borax 60 S S
Benzaldehyde Tg-l 20 S Borax Sat.sol. 20 S S
APPENDIX
Benzaldehyde 60 L Borax 60 S S
Benzene Tg-l 20 NS L Potassium borate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Benzene 60 NS L Potassium borate 60 S S
Petrol Oper.sol. 20 S NS Potassium bromate Sat.sol. 20 S
8 Petrol 60 L NS Potassium bromate 60 S

Sodium benzoate Sat.sol. 20 S Potassium bromate Up to 10% 20 S S
Sodium benzoate 60 S Potassium bromate 60 S S
Sodium benzoate 35% 20 S Bromine gas Tg-g 20 NS NS
Sodium benzoate 60 L Bromine gas 60 NS NS
Ammonium bicarbonate Sat.sol. 20 S S Bromine gas 100 NS
Ammonium bicarbonate 60 S S Bromine liquid Tg-l 20 NS NS
182
T T
[°C] [°C]
Bromine liquid 60 NS NS Potassium cyanide Sat.sol. 20 S S
Bromine liquid 100 NS Potassium cyanide 60 S
Potassium bromide Sat.sol. 20 S S Sodium cyanide Sat.sol. 20 S S
Potassium bromide 60 S S Sodium cyanide 60 S
Sodium bromide Sat.sol. 20 S S Cyclohexanol tg-s 20 S S
Sodium bromide 60 S S Cyclohexanol 60 S L
Butane gas Tg-g 20 S S Cyclohexanone Tg-l 20 S L
Butane gas 60 S Cyclohexanone 60 L NS
Butyl-phthalate Tg-l 20 S Cyclohexanone Tg-l 20 S
Butyl-phthalate 60 L Ethyl chlorate Tg-g 20 NS
Butyl-phthalate 100 L Calcium chlorate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Butyl glycol Tg-l 20 S Calcium chlorate 60 S S
Butylphenol Sat.sol. 20 S Ethyl chlorate 60 NS
Ammonium carbonate Sat.sol. 20 S S Magnesium chlorate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Ammonium carbonate 60 S S Magnesium chlorate 60 S S
Bismuth carbonate Sat.sol. 20 S S Sodium chlorate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Bismuth carbonate 60 S S Sodium chlorate 60 S S
Calcium carbonate Sosp. 20 S S Iron chlorate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Calcium carbonate 60 S S Iron chlorate 60 S S
Magnesium carbonate Sosp. 20 S S Sodium chloride 2% 20 S S
Magnesium carbonate 60 S S Sodium chloride 60 L
Potassium carbonate Sat.sol. 20 S S Sodium chloride 100 NS
Potassium carbonate 60 S S Sodium chloride 20% 20 S
Sodium carbonate Sat.sol. 20 S S Sodium chloride 60 L
Sodium carbonate 60 S S Sodium chloride 100 NS
Sodium carbonate 25% 20 S S Chlorine gas dry Tg-g 20 NS
Sodium carbonate 60 S S Chlorine gas dry 60 NS
APPENDIX
Sodium carbonate Up to 50% 20 S S Chlorine gas wet Tg-g 20 L NS

Sodium carbonate 60 S S Chlorine gas wet 60 NS NS
Sodium carbonate 100 L Chlorine gas wet 100 NS
Zinc carbonate Sosp. 20 S S Chlor-ethanol Tg-l 20 S
Zinc carbonate 60 S S Chloroform Tg-l 20 NS NS 8
Mercury cyanide Sat.sol. 20 S S Chloroform 60 NS NS
Mercury cyanide 60 S S Chlor-methane Tg-g 20 L
Silver cyanide Sat.sol. 20 S S Ammonium chloride Sat.sol. 20 S S
Silver cyanide 60 S S Ammonium chloride 60 S S
Potassium cyanide Sol. 20 S S Calcium chloride Sat.sol. 20 S S
Potassium cyanide 60 S Calcium chloride 60 S S
183
T T
[°C] [°C]
Calcium chloride 100 S Dextrin 60 S S
Methylene chloride Tg-l 20 L Dextrose Sol. 20 S S
Methylene chloride 60 NS Dextrose 60 S S
Nickel chloride Sat.sol. 20 S S Dichloroethylene Tg-l 20 L
Nickel chloride 60 S S Dichloroethylene Tg-l 20 L
Potassium chloride Sat.sol. 20 S S Dichloroethylene 60 L
Potassium chloride 60 S S Dimethylammine tg-g 20 S
Copper chloride Sat.sol. 20 S S Dimetholformammide Tg-l 20 S
Copper chloride 60 S S Dimetholformammide 60 S
Sodium chloride Sat.sol. 20 S S Dioxane Tg-l 20 S L
Sodium chloride 60 S S Dioxane 60 S L
Sodium chloride 10% 20 S S Diottyl-phthalate Tg-l 20 S L
Sodium chloride 60 S S Diottyl-phthalate 60 L L
Sodium chloride 100 S Heptane Tg-l 20 S L
Tin chloride (II) Sat.sol. 20 S S Heptane 60 NS NS
Tin chloride (II) 60 S S Hexane Tg-l 20 S
Tin chloride (IV) Sol. 20 S S Hexane 60 L
Tin chloride (IV) 60 S S Turpentine essence Tg-l 20 NS
Thionyl chloride Tg-l 20 NS Turpentine essence 60 NS
Thionyl chloride 60 NS Turpentine essence 100 NS
Zinc chloride Sat.sol. 20 S S Ethanolammine Tg-l 20 S
Zinc chloride 60 S S Ethanol 40% 20 S
Zinc chloride 58% 20 S S Ethanol 60 L
Zinc chloride 60 S S Ethanol 95% 20 S
Mercury chloride Sat.sol. 20 S S Ethanol 60 S
Mercury chloride 60 S S Ethyl ether Tg-l 20 L S
Cresylic acid Tg-l 20 S Ethyl ether 60 L L
APPENDIX
Potassium chromate Sat.sol. 20 S S Isopropyl ether Tg-l 20 L

Potassium chromate 60 S S Petroleum ether Oper.sol. 20 L
Potassium chromate 40% 20 S S Petroleum ether 60 L
Potassium chromate 60 S S Ethyl methyl ketone Tg-l 20 S
8 Sodium chromate Dil.sol. 20 S S Phenol Sol. 20 S

Sodium chromate 60 S S Phenol 60 S
Chromo-potassium Sol. 20 S S Phenol 5% 20 S
sulphate
Chromo-potassium 60 S S Phenol 60 S
sulphate
Decaline Tg-l 20 S NS Phenol 90% 20 S
Decaline 60 L NS Potassium ferrocyanide Sat.sol. 20 S S
Dextrin Sol. 20 S S Potassium ferrocyanide 60 S S
184
T T
[°C] [°C]
Potassium ferrocyanide Sat.sol. 20 S S Gelatine 60 S S
Potassium ferrocyanide 60 S S Glycerine Tg-l 20 S S
Sodium ferrocyanide Sat.sol. 20 S S Glycerine 60 S S
Sodium ferrocyanide 60 S S Ethylene glycol Tg-l 20 S
Sodium ferrocyanide Sat.sol. 20 S S Ethylene glycol 60 S
Sodium ferrocyanide 60 S S Ethylene glycol Tg-l 20 S S
Ammonium fluoride <20% 20 S S Ethylene glycol 60 S S
Ammonium fluoride 60 S S Glucose Sol. 20 S S
Potassium fluoride Sat.sol. 20 S S Glucose 60 S S
Potassium fluoride 60 S S Hydroquinone Sat.sol. 20 S S
Copper fluoride 20 S Hydroquinone 60 S S
Copper fluoride 60 S Hydrogen Tg-g 20 S S
Copper fluoride 2% 20 S S Hydrogen 60 S S
Copper fluoride 60 S S Calcium hydroxide Sat.sol. 20 S S
Sodium flouride Sat.sol. 20 S S Calcium hydroxide 60 S S
Sodium flouride 60 S S Magnesium hydroxide Sat.sol. 20 S S
Fluorine gas dry Tg-g 20 NS NS Magnesium hydroxide 60 S S
Fluorine gas dry 60 NS NS Potassium hydroxide Sol. 20 S
Fluorine gas wet Tg-g 20 NS Potassium hydroxide 60 S
Fluorine gas wet 60 NS Potassium hydroxide 10% 20 S S
Formaldehyde 40% 20 S S Potassium hydroxide 60 S S
Formaldehyde 60 S Potassium hydroxide 100 S
Sodium phosphate acid Sat.sol. 20 S S Potassium hydroxide 20% 20 S
Sodium phosphate acid 60 S S Potassium hydroxide 60 S
Ammonium phosphate Sat.sol. 20 S Potassium hydroxide 100 S
Sodium phosphate Sat.sol. 20 S S Potassium hydroxide 100 S
Sodium phosphate 60 S S Potassium hydroxide Up to 50% 20 S
APPENDIX
Sodium phosphate 100 S Potassium hydroxide 60 S

Phosphorus Tg-g 20 S S Sodium hydroxide Sol. 20 S S
Phosphorus 60 S S Sodium hydroxide 60 S S
Fructose Sol. 20 S Sodium hydroxide 1% 20 S S
Fructose 60 S Sodium hydroxide 60 S S 8
Isotyl-phthalate Tg-l 20 S Sodium hydroxide 100 S
Isotyl-phthalate 60 L Sodium hydroxide 10% to 35% 20 S S
Natural gas dry Tg-g 20 S Sodium hydroxide 60 S
Natural gas dry 50 S Sodium hydroxide 40% 20 S S
Natural gas wet Tg-g 20 S Sodium hydroxide 60 S
Gelatine Sol. 20 S S Sodium hydroxide 10% to 60% 20 S
185
T T
[°C] [°C]
Sodium hydroxide 60 S Carbon monoxide 60 S S
Sodium hydroxide 100 S Nafta Oper.sol. 20 S
Iodine Sat.sol. 20 NS NS Nafta 60 NS
Iodine 60 NS NS n-butanol Tg-l 20 S S
Iodine in alcohol Oper.sol. 20 NS NS n-butanol 60 L S
Iodine in alcohol 60 NS NS n-butanol 100 L
Ioduro di potassio Sat.sol. 20 S Ammonium nitrate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Calcium hypochlorite (10% Sol. 20 S S Ammonium nitrate 60 S S
chlorine)
Calcium hypochlorite (10% 60 S S Ammonium nitrate 100 S
chlorine)
Silver nitrate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Potassium hypochlorite Sol. 20 S
Silver nitrate 60 S S
Potassium hypochlorite 60 L
Silver nitrate 100 L
Sodium hypochlorite 5% 20 S
Calcium nitrate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Sodium hypochlorite 60 S
Calcium nitrate 60 S S
Sodium hypochlorite 10% to 15% 20 S S
Magnesium nitrate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Magnesium nitrate 60 S S
Sodium hypochlorite 12.5% Cl 20 S
Nickel nitrate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Nickel nitrate 60 S S
Isotane Tg-l 20 L
Potassium nitrate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Isotane 60 NS
Potassium nitrate 60 S S
Lanoline Oper.sol. 20 S
Copper nitrate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Lanoline 60 L
Copper nitrate 60 S S
Milk Oper.sol. 20 S S
Copper nitrate 100 S
Milk 60 S S
Sodium nitrate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Beer yeast Sosp. 20 S
Sodium nitrate 60 S S
Beer yeast 60 S
Zinc nitrate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Molasses Oper.sol. 20 S
Zinc nitrate 60 S S
Molasses 60 S
APPENDIX
Iron nitrate Sat.sol. 20 S S

Mercury Tg-l 20 S S
Iron nitrate 60 S S
Mercury 60 S S
Mercury nitrate Sol. 20 S S
Sodium metaphosphate Sol. 20 S
Ammonium Mercury nitrate 60 S S
metaphosphate Sat.sol. 20 S S
8 Ammonium 60 S S
Mercury nitrate Sat.sol. 20 S S
metaphosphate
Mercury nitrate 60 S S
Ammonium 100 S
metaphosphate Sodium nitrite Sat.sol. 20 S S
Methylammine <32% 20 S
Sodium nitrite 60 S S
Honey Oper.sol. 20 S S
Nitrobenzene Tg-l 20 S
Honey 60 S S
Nitrobenzene 60 L
Carbon monoxide Tg-g 20 S S
Oleum 20 NS NS
186
T T
[°C] [°C]
Oleum 60 NS NS Oxygen 60 L
Oleum 100 NS Oxygen gas Tg-g 20 S S
Oleum 20 NS NS Oxygen gas 60 L
Oleum 60 NS NS Ozone tg-g 20 L
Oils and greases Tg-l 20 S Ozone 60 NS
Oils and greases 60 L Ozone Tg-g 20 L
Mineral oils Oper.sol. 20 S Ozone 60 NS
Mineral oils 60 L Sodium perborate Sat.sol. 20 S
Peanut oil Oper.sol. 20 S Potassium perchlorate Sat.sol. 20 S
Peanut oil 60 S Potassium perchlorate 60 S
Canphor oil Tg-l 20 NS Potassium perchlorate 10% 20 S
Canphor oil 60 NS Potassium perchlorate 60 S
Canphor oil 100 NS Potassium permanganate 20% 20 S
Corn oil 20 S Potassium permanganate 60 S
Corn oil 60 L Potassium permanganate (2N) 30% 20 S
Mint oil Oper.sol. 20 S Ammonium persulphate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Olive oil Oper.sol. 20 S Ammonium persulphate 60 S S
Olive oil 60 S Potassium persulphate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Parafin oil Tg-l 20 S Potassium persulphate 60 S S
Parafin oil 60 L Pyridine Tg-l 20 S L
Parafin oil 100 NS Pyridine 60 L
Castor oil Tg-l 20 S Propane gas Tg-g 20 S
Castor oil 60 S Sodium silicate Sol. 20 S S
Soya oil Oper.sol. 20 S Sodium silicate 60 S S
Soya oil 60 L Copper sulphate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Olive oil Oper.sol. 20 S Copper sulphate 60 S S
Olive oil 60 S Copper sulphate 100 S
APPENDIX
Olive oil 100 L Sodium sulphate acid Sat.sol. 20 S S

Silicone oil Tg-l 20 S Sodium sulphate acid 60 S
Silicone oil 60 S Ammonium sulphate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Silicone oil 100 S Ammonium sulphate 60 S S
Potassium phosphate
(ortho) Sat.sol. 20 S Ammonium sulphate 100 S 8
Potassium phosphate 60 S Calcium sulphate Sosp. 20 S S
(ortho)
Calcium sulphate 60 S S
Phosphorus oxychloride Tg-l 20 L
Magnesium sulphate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Zinc oxide Sosp. 20 S S
Magnesium sulphate 60 S S
Zinc oxide 60 S S
Magnesium sulphate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Oxygen tg-g 20 S S
Magnesium sulphate 60 S S
187
T T
[°C] [°C]
Magnesium sulphate Sat.sol. 20 S S Tetralin Tg-l 20 NS
Magnesium sulphate 60 S S Tetralin 60 NS
Magnesium sulphate Sat.sol. 20 S S Tetralin 80 NS
Magnesium sulphate 60 S S Ammonium tiocyanide Sat.sol. 20 S S
Potassium sulphate Sat.sol. 20 S S Ammonium tiocyanide 60 S S
Potassium sulphate 60 S S Thiophen Tg-l 20 S
Sodium sulphate Sat.sol. 20 S S Thiophen 60 L
Sodium sulphate 60 S S Potassium tiosulphate Sat.sol. 20 S S
Sodium sulphate 0.10% 20 S S Potassium tiosulphate 60 S S
Sodium sulphate 60 S S Sodium tiosulphate Sat.sol. 20 S
Sodium sulphate Sat.sol. 20 S S Toluene Tg-l 20 L L
Sodium sulphate Sat.sol. 20 S S Toluene 60 NS NS
Sodium sulphate 60 S S Toluene 100 NS
Sodium sulphate 40% 20 S S Trichloroethylene Tg-l 20 NS NS
Sodium sulphate 60 S S Trichloroethylene 60 NS NS
Sodium sulphate 100 S Trichloroethylene 100 NS
Zinc sulphate Sat.sol. 20 S S Tricloruro di fosforo Tg-l 20 S
Zinc sulphate 60 S S Tricloruro di fosforo 60 L
Potassium sulphide Sat.sol. 20 S S Triethanolamine Sol. 20 S S
Potassium sulphide 60 S S Triethanolamine 60 L
Calcium sulphide acid Sol. 20 S S Trifluoro borium Sat.sol. 20 S S
Calcium sulphide acid 60 S S Urea Sol. 20 S
Potassium sulphide acid Sol. 20 S S Urea 60 S
Potassium sulphide acid 60 S Urea Sat.sol. 20 S
Ammonium sulphide Sat.sol. 20 S S Urine 20 S S
Calcium sulphide Sol. Dil. 20 L Urine 60 S S
Calcium sulphide 60 L Wine Oper.sol. 20 S S
APPENDIX
Potassium sulphide Sat.sol. 20 S S Wine 60 S S

Potassium sulphide 60 S S Wine and spirits Oper.sol. 20 S S
Fruit juice Oper.sol. 20 S Wine and spirits 60 S S
Fruit juice 60 S Whiskey Oper.sol. 20 S S
8 Photographic developers Oper.sol. 20 S Whiskey 60 S S

Photographic developers 60 S Xylene Tg-l 20 L NS
Carbon tetrachloride Tg-l 20 NS L Xylene 60 NS NS
Carbon tetrachloride 60 NS NS Xylene 100 NS
Tetraidrofurano Tg-l 20 L
Tetraidrofurano 60 NS
Tetraidrofurano 100 NS
188
F Technical informations on products
F.1 High-density polyethylene (PE) drainage system

High-density polyethylene pipes and fittings for drainage installations inside buildings in compliance with UNI EN 1519 and IIP Italian
Standard; pipes subject to a thermal relieving. A system suitable for continuous fluid discharge, consistent with ISO TR 10358, with
atmospheric pressure at max. temperature of 95°C, with pH included between 2 and 12.
Specific weight 0.945 ÷ 0.965 g/cm3, 24 MPa yield unit load, yield elongation <20%, ultimate elongation >500%, modulus of elasticity 900
MPa, thermal conductivity 0.55 W/m·K, linear coefficient of expansion 0.2 mm/m·°C, melt index (190°C – 2.16 kg) <1 g/10 min, carbon-
black content >2%.
F.2 Polypropylene (PP) drainage system

Pipes and fittings waste system for discharge inside the buildings in self-estinguishing polypropylene in compliance with UNI EN 1451;
push-fit pipes and fittings with socket and elastomer 2-lip seals, suitable for the continuous discharge of refluents at a max. temperature of
95°C and pH included between 2 and 12, compatible with ISO TR 10358 standard; flame resistant according to DIN 4102, B1 class.
Specific weight 0.900 ÷ 0.960 g/cm3 (at 23°C), melt index (190°C – 2.16 kg) <2 g/10 min, yield unit load from 28 up to 35 MPa, ultimate
elongation >48%, modulus of elasticity 1300 MPa, thermal conductivity 0.26 W/m·K, linear coefficient of expansion 0.11 mm/m·°C, flame
resistance (DIN 4102 B1) <12 s.
F.3 Triple layer push-fit waste and soil system (TRIPLUS)

Triplus waste system suitable for the drainage of waste and soil inside the building at a maximum temperature of 95°C and a pH value
between 2 and 12. The system is composed of pipes made up of three layers and fittings in loaded polypropylene (PP) that is particularly
impact resistant at low temperatures. Pipes and fittings are push-fit with sockets and single-lipped elastomeric seals.
The waste system produces a noise level Lsc,A of 12 dB(A) measured with a flow rate of 2 l/s and diameter De 110x3.6 system in compliance
with European Standard EN 14366 and certified by the Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics in Stuttgart (P-BA 227/2006).
F.4 Soundproof push-fit waste and soil system (SILERE)

Soundproof push-fit pipes and fittings for waste and soil systems inside the building with elastomeric seal of the Silere range. Composed of
homogenous material and made of polypropylene with a mineral load, material density of 1.6 kg/m3, light grey in colour (RAL 7035) with fire
class B2 to German Standard DIN 4102. Resistant to elevated water temperatures (0-95°C on-going working temperatures) with variable
pH value between 2 and 12. Pipes and fittings certified by the Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics in Stuttgart (cert. P-BA 191/1998).
Specific weight 1.60 g/cm3, ultimate elongation >2%, tensile strength >14 N/mm2, modulus of elasticity 2800 N/mm2, coefficient of linear
expansion 0.08 mm/m·K, fire class B2 to DIN 4102. The waste system produces a noise level L sc,A of 6 dB(A) measured with a flow rate of
2 l/s and diameter De 110x5.6 in compliance with European Standard EN 14366 certified by the Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics
in Stuttgart (P-BA 223/2006).
APPENDIX
189
G MEASUREMENT UNITS
Table G.1 Basic and supplementary measurement units
Quantity Unit Symbol
Length metres m
Mass kilograms kg
Time seconds s
Electricity amps A
Temperature Kelvin K
Luminous Intensity candela cd
Quantity of a substance mole mole
Plane angle radian rad
Solid angle steradian sr
Table G.2 Conversion factors.
Length
1 inch = 25.40 mm
1 ft (foot) = 0.3048 m
1 yd (yard) = 0.9144 m
1 mi (US mile) = 1.609 km
1 mi (marine mile) = 1.852 km
Area
1 inch2 = 645.2 mm2
1 ft2 = 0.09290 m2
Volume e capacity
1l = 0.001 m3
1 inch3 = 16.39 cm3
1 ft3 = 0.02832 m3
1 gal US (gallon) = 0.003785 m3
1 gal US = 3.785 l
APPENDIX
1 gal UK = 0.004546 m3
1 gal UK = 4.546 l
Mass
1 kg = 2.204 lb
1 t (ton) = 1000 kg
8 1 oz (ounce) = 28.35 g
Density
1 lb/ft3 = 16.02 kg/m3
Force
1 N (Newton) = 0.102 kgf
1 kgf (kg force) = 9.81 N
1 lbf = 4.448 N
190
Pressure
1 Pa = 1 N/m2
1 bar = 100000 Pa
1 bar = 1.019 kg/cm2
1 bar = 14.48 psi
1 atm (physical atmosphere) = 101325 Pa
1 atm = 760 mm Hg
1 at (technical atmosphere) = 1 kg/cm2
1 at = 736 mm Hg
1 at = 10 m H2O
1 atm = 1.033 at
1 lb/inch 2
= 6.895 kPa
1 inch H2O = 249.1 Pa
1 inch Hg = 3.386 kPa
1 mm H2O = 9.807 Pa
1 mm Hg = 133.3 Pa
1 torr = 133.3 Pa
1 mbar = 100 Pa
1 psi = 1 lb/inch2
Energy – Heat – Work
1 Btu (British Thermal Unit) = 1.055 kJ
1 kWh = 3.6 MJ
1 kcal = 4.187 kJ
1 J (Joule) = 1 N·m
1J = 0.102 kgf·m
Power
1 kW (Watt) = 1.36 CV
1 kW = 1.34 HP
1 kW = 0.860 kcal/h
1 kcal/h = 1.162 W
1 CV = 0.986 HP
1 HP = 1.014 CV
APPENDICE
1 Btu/h = 0.2931 W
1 J/s = 1W
Portata
1 ft3/h = 7.866 ml/s
1 ft /min
3
= 471.9 ml/s
1 l/s = 60 l/min 8
1 l/s = 3600 l/h
1 l/s = 3.6 m3/h
191
Energy flow
1 Btu/ft3 = 37.26 kJ/m3
1 kcal/m3 = 4.187 kJ/m3
1 Btu/lb = 2.326 kJ/kg
1 kcal/kg = 4.187 kJ/kg
Heat flow
1 Btu/ft2·h = 3.155 W/m2
1 Btu/inch2·h = 454.2 W/m2
1 kcal/m2·h = 1.162 W/m2
Specific heat
1 Btu/lb·°F = 4.187 kJ/kg·K
1 kcal/kg·°C = 4.187 kJ/kg·K
1 Btu/ft ·°F
3
= 67.07 kJ/m·K
1 kcal/m ·°C3
= 4.187 kJ/m3·K
Thermal conductivity
1 Btu/ft·h·°F = 1.731 W/m·K
1 kcal/m·h·°C = 1.162 W/m·K
1 cal/cm·s·°C = 418.7 W/m·K
Thermal conductance
1 Btu/ft2·h·°F = 5.678 W/m2·K
1 kcal/m2·h·°C = 1.162 W/m2·K
1 cal/cm2·s·°C = 41.87 W/m2·K
Temperature scales
1 K (Kelvin) = 5/9·°R
1°R (Rankine) = °F + 459.67
1°C (Celsius) = 5/9·(°F - 32)
1K = 5/9·(°F + 459.67)
1K = °C + 273.15
APPENDIX
192
NOTE
193
9 CATALOGUE
Guide
Pieces per pack.
Pieces per pallet layer.
Pieces per pallet.
HxLxP Pallet dimensions:

Height (H) - Width (L) - Depth (P).
Packaging in metres (m).
▼ Pieces per crate.
Pieces per pack. Deliveries of Valsir products are per package.
Any lower ordered quantity will be automatically rounded up, without notice, to package quantity or package multiple Valsir S.p.A. reserves
the right to amend, even without notice, the features of the products illustrated on the tecnical manual.
The colours shown in this price list are an indication only.
Valsir S.p.A. apologizes for any possible mistakes found on the price list and overlooked during the verification.
Please do not hesitate to contact us for possible mistakes and remarks.

CATALOG0
194
9.1 High density polyethylene electro-
fusion waste and drainage system
(HDPE)
L 3000 Di HDPE pipe L 3000 mm
S
A
D/DN
cm2
COD. D DN Di S SDR Serie A cm2 PN kg/m r ▼

VS0301000 32 30 26 3 26/33 12.5/16 5.3 10 0.305 150 50
VS0301001 40 40 34 3 26/33 12.5/16 9 8 0.370 150 50
VS0301003 50 50 44 3 26/33 12.5/16 15.2 6.4 0.460 150 50
VS0301004 56 56 50 3 26/33 12.5/16 19.6 5.7 0.530 120 40
VS0301005 63 60 57 3 26/33 12.5/16 25.4 5 0.595 105 35
VS0301007 75 70 69 3 26/33 12.5/16 37.3 4.1 0.740 90 30
VS0301009 90 90 83 3.5 26 12.5 54.1 4 0.980 60 20
VS0301011 110 100 101.4 4.3 26 12.5 80.7 4 1.450 45 15
VS0301013 125 125 115.2 4.9 26 12.5 104.5 4 1.860 30 10
VS0301015 160 150 147.6 6.2 26 12.5 171.1 4 3.080 30 10
Pieces per crate.
Packagin length (m).
NB: The PN values have been obtained with the following formula:
PN = 2δ ⋅ s
D-s
L 5000 S Di HDPE pipe L 5000 mm
A
D/DN
cm2
COD. D DN Di S SDR Serie A cm2 PN kg/m r ▼

VS0300001 32 30 26 3 26/33 12.5/16 5.3 10 0.305 310 62
VS0300003 40 40 34 3 26/33 12.5/16 9 8 0.370 550 110
VS0300005 50 50 44 3 26/33 12.5/16 15.2 6.4 0.460 430 86
VS0300006 56 56 50 3 26/33 12.5/16 19.6 5.7 0.530 490 98
VS0300007 63 60 57 3 26/33 12.5/16 25.4 5 0.595 330 66
VS0300009 75 70 69 3 26/33 12.5/16 37.3 4.1 0.740 290 58
VS0300011 90 90 83 3.5 26 12.5 54.1 4 0.980 290 58
VS0300013 110 100 101.4 4.3 26 12.5 80.7 4 1.450 285 57
VS0300015 125 125 115.2 4.9 26 12.5 104.5 4 1.860 170 34
VS0300017 160 150 147.6 6.2 26 12.5 171.1 4 3.080 50 10
CATALOGUE / PEHD - RANGE
VS0300019 200 200 187.6 6.2 33 16 276.4 3.2 4.100 50 10

VS0300021 250 250 234.4 7.8 33 16 431.5 3.2 6.100 40 8
VS0300023 315 300 295.4 9.8 33 16 685.3 3.2 9.510 30 6
Pieces per crate.
Packagin length (m).
196
L 5000 Di HDPE pipe L 5000 mm, SDR 26
S
A
D/DN
cm2
COD. D DN Di S A cm2 PN kg/m r ▼

VS0300119 200 200 184.60 7.7 267.50 10 0.305 50 10
VS0300121 250 250 230.80 9.6 418.16 8 0.370 40 8
VS0300123 315 315 290.80 12.1 663.83 6.4 0.460 30 6
▼ Pezzi nel telaio.
r Imballo metri (m).
45° bend
L
1
S
45 °
K
L1
D/DN
COD. D DN S L1 K kg HxLxP
VS0306001 32 30 3 37 20 0.020 50 400 4000 1130x800x1200
VS0306003 40 40 3 45 20 0.030 50 400 2400 1060x800x1200
VS0306005 50 50 3 45 20 0.040 40 320 1920 1060x800x1200
VS0306006 56 56 3 45 20 0.045 30 240 1440 1060x800x1200
VS0306007 63 60 3 50 20 0.060 40 320 1600 1180x800x1200
VS0306009 75 70 3 50 20 0.070 25 200 1000 1180x800x1200
VS0306011 90 90 3.5 55 20 0.110 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0306013 110 100 4.3 60 25 0.170 25 100 400 1050x800x1200
VS0306015 125 125 4.9 65 25 0.245 15 60 240 1050x800x1200
VS0306017 160 150 6.2 69 20 0.430 1 - - 930x800x1200
45° long radius bend

L
45°
R
K
L

K
D/DN s
COD. D DN S L R K kg HxLxP
VS0306019 200 200 6.2 217 230 125 1.700 1 930x800x1200
VS0306021 250 250 7.8 231 270 125 2.450 1 930x800x1200
VS0306023 315 300 9.8 249 325 125 3.800 1 930x800x1200
Segmented.
197
45° bend with socket branch
1
N
/D
L3
L2
D1
4 5°
S
L1
D/DN
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S L1 L2 L3 kg HxLxP

VS0305003 90/40 90/40 3.5 55 45 100 0.150 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0305001 110/40 100/40 4.3 60 55 110 0.210 20 80 320 1050x800x1200
VS0305005 110/50 100/50 4.3 60 55 110 0.210 20 80 320 1210x800x1200
L 88°30’ bend
K
S
88°30’
L
D/DN
COD. D DN S L K kg HxLxP
VS0304000 32 30 3 48 20 0.025 50 400 4000 1130x800x1200
VS0304001 40 40 3 50 20 0.035 50 400 2400 1060x800x1200
VS0304003 50 50 3 60 20 0.050 30 240 1440 1060x800x1200
VS0304004 56 56 3 65 20 0.060 30 240 1440 1180x800x1200
VS0304005 63 60 3 70 20 0.075 30 240 1200 1180x800x1200
VS0304007 75 70 3 75 20 0.095 20 160 800 1180x800x1200
VS0304009 90 90 3.5 80 20 0.135 15 120 600 1180x800x1200
VS0304011 110 100 4.3 95 25 0.230 20 80 320 1210x800x1200
VS0304013 125 125 4.9 103 35 0.330 15 60 240 1210x800x1200
VS0304015 160 150 6.2 123 35 0.700 1 - - 930x800x1200
L2
90° bend
S
R
L1
D/DN
COD. D DN S L1 L2 R K kg HxLxP
VS0302003 40 40 3 150 30 30 120 0.070 50 400 2000 1180x800x1200
VS0302005 50 50 3 180 40 40 140 0.095 25 200 1200 1180x800x1200
VS0302006 56 56 3 210 40 40 170 0.120 25 200 1000 1180x800x1200
VS0302007 63 60 3 210 50 50 160 0.145 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0302009 75 70 3 210 70 70 140 0.180 25 100 400 1050x800x1200
VS0302011 90 90 3.5 240 90 90 150 0.280 15 60 240 1050x800x1200
9 VS0302013
VS0302015
110
125
100
125
4.3
4.9
270
200
100
110
100
110
170
90
0.490
0.490
10
10
40
40
160
160
1050x800x1200
1210x800x1200
VS0302017 160 150 6.2 140 140 140 - 0.690 1 - - 930x800x1200
198
L2
90° long radius bend
R
K
L1
K
S
D/DN
COD. D DN S L1 L2 R K kg HxLxP
VS0302019 200 200 6.2 248 248 175 75 1.745 1 930x800x1200
VS0302021 250 250 7.8 324 324 230 100 3.400 1 930x800x1200
VS0302023 315 300 9.8 348 348 245 105 5.890 1 930x800x1200
Segmented.
L1
90° short radius bend
R
L
S
D/DN
COD. D DN S L L1 R K kg HxLxP
VS0359001 90 90 3.5 270 50 50 200 0.300 15 60 240 1050x800x1200
VS0359003 110 100 4.3 300 60 60 220 0.500 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
L2
90° reducing bend
D/DN
L1
S
D1/DN1
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S L1 L2 R kg HxLxP

VS0308001 50/40 50/40 3 40 40 40 0.025 40 320 3200 1130x800x1200
VS0308003 63/50 60/50 3 50 50 50 0.045 20 160 1600 1130x800x1200 CATALOGUE / PEHD - RANGE
L1 90° extended reducing bend

90°
D/DN
R
L2 S
D1/DN1
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S L1 L2 R kg HxLxP

VS0308007 56/40 56/40 3 100 70 47 0.067 20 80 320 1050x800x1200
VS0308009 56/50 56/50 3 100 70 34.5 0.075 20 160 960 1006x800x1200
9
199
180° bend
R
L
S
D/DN
COD. D DN S L R kg HxLxP
VS0307001 40 40 3 40 40 0.045 20 160 960 1060x800x1200
VS0307003 50 50 3 49 50 0.070 20 160 960 1060x800x1200
VS0307004 56 56 3 49 49 0.085 20 160 960 1060x800x1200
VS0307005 63 60 3 63 64 0.115 20 160 800 1180x800x1200
VS0307007 75 70 3 75 74 0.210 10 80 480 1180x800x1200
VS0307009 90 90 3.5 90 88 0.330 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
VS0307011 110 100 4.3 103 99 0.450 10 40 160 1210x800x1200
D1
/D
N1
45° branch
K3
45 ° S
1
L3
2
K
L
L2
L1
K1
D/DN S
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S/S1 L L1 L2/L3 K1 K2 K3 kg HxLxP

VS0309001 32 30 3 110 35 75 20 20 20 0.045 50 400 2400 1060x800x1200
VS0309003 40 40 3 135 45 90 25 30 30 0.070 50 400 2000 1180x800x1200
VS0309005 50 50 3 165 55 110 35 20 20 0.105 20 160 960 1180x800x1200
VS0309006 56 56 3 180 60 120 40 25 25 0.130 20 160 800 1180x800x1200
VS0309007 63 60 3 195 65 130 40 25 25 0.155 15 120 600 1180x800x1200
VS0309009 75 70 3 210 70 140 40 25 25 0.205 20 80 320 1050x800x1200
VS0309011 90 90 3.5 240 80 160 50 20 20 0.320 15 60 240 1210x800x1200
VS0309013 110 100 4.3 270 90 180 55 20 20 0.530 10 40 120 1054x800x1200
VS0309015 125 125 4.9 300 100 200 60 20 20 0.765 10 40 80 950x800x1200
VS0309017 160 150 6.2 375 125 250 75 25 25 1.475 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0309019 200 200 6.2 540 180 360 85 10 10 2.990 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0309021 250 250 7.8 660 220 440 115 55 55 5.800 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0309023 315 300 9.8 840 280 560 160 95 95 11.100 1 - - 930x800x1200
Welded.
200
D1
/D
N1
45° reducing branch
S1
K3
°
45
L3
K2
L
L2
L1
K1
D/DN S
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S S1 L L1 L2 L3 K1 K2 K3 kg HxLxP

VS0310001 40/32 40/30 3 3 135 45 50 - 25 30 30 0.095 50 400 2000 1180x800x1200
VS0310003 50/40 50/40 3 3 165 55 110 - 40 45 45 0.100 20 160 960 1180x800x1200
VS0310004 56/50 56/50 3 3 180 60 120 - 40 30 30 0.125 20 160 800 1180x800x1200
VS0310005 63/40 60/40 3 3 195 65 130 - 40 30 30 0.105 15 120 600 1180x800x1200
VS0310007 63/50 60/50 3 3 195 65 130 - 40 30 30 0.150 15 120 600 1180x800x1200
VS0310008 63/56 60/56 3 3 195 65 130 - 40 25 25 0.180 15 120 600 1180x800x1200
VS0310009 75/40 70/40 3 3 210 70 140 - 60 30 40 0.150 25 100 400 1050x800x1200
VS0310011 75/50 70/50 3 3 210 70 140 - 60 30 40 0.190 25 100 400 1050x800x1200
VS0310012 75/56 70/56 3 3 210 70 140 - 55 25 35 0.190 25 100 400 1050x800x1200
VS0310014 75/63 70/60 3 3 210 70 140 - 55 25 35 0.190 25 100 400 1050x800x1200
VS0310013 90/40 90/40 3.5 3 240 80 160 - 80 40 50 0.270 15 60 240 1050x800x1200
VS0310015 90/50 90/50 3.5 3 240 80 160 - 80 40 50 0.275 15 60 240 1050x800x1200
VS0310006 90/56 90/56 3.5 3 240 80 160 - 75 35 45 0.275 20 80 320 1210x800x1200
VS0310018 90/63 90/60 3.5 3 240 80 160 - 65 30 25 0.275 15 60 240 1050x800x1200
VS0310010 90/75 90/70 3.5 3 240 80 160 - 65 30 25 0.300 15 60 240 1210x800x1200
VS0310017 110/40 100/40 4.3 3 270 90 180 - 95 50 55 0.450 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
VS0310019 110/50 100/50 4.3 3 270 90 180 - 95 50 55 0.440 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
VS0310020 110/56 100/56 4.3 3 270 90 180 - 90 40 45 0.455 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
VS0310021 110/63 100/60 4.3 3 270 90 180 - 80 35 40 0.455 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
VS0310023 110/75 100/70 4.3 3 270 90 180 - 75 30 35 0.470 10 40 160 1210x800x1200
VS0310025 110/90 100/90 4.3 3.5 270 90 180 - 65 25 30 0.485 10 40 160 1210x800x1200
VS0310027 125/40 125/40 4.9 3 300 100 200 - 95 45 50 0.610 10 40 120 1054x800x1200
VS0310029 125/50 125/50 4.9 3 300 100 200 - 95 45 50 0.630 10 40 120 1054x800x1200
VS0310030 125/56 125/56 4.9 3 300 100 200 - 95 45 50 0.630 10 40 80 950x800x1200
VS0310031 125/63 125/60 4.9 3 300 100 200 - 95 40 50 0.585 10 40 120 1054x800x1200
VS0310033 125/75 125/70 4.9 3 300 100 200 - 95 40 50 0.630 10 40 120 1054x800x1200
VS0310035 125/90 125/90 4.9 3.5 300 100 200 - 80 35 30 0.650 10 40 80 950x800x1200
VS0310037 125/110 125/100 4.9 4.3 300 100 200 - 70 25 25 0.700 10 40 80 950x800x1200
VS0310067 160/40 150/40 6.2 3 375 125 250 - 150 90 120 1.100 1 - - 950x800x1200
VS0310068 160/50 150/50 6.2 3 375 125 250 - 150 90 110 1.100 1 - - 950x800x1200
VS0310069 160/56 150/56 6.2 3 375 125 250 - 145 90 110 1.110 1 - - 950x800x1200
VS0310070 160/63 150/60 6.2 3 375 125 250 - 140 85 105 1.110 1 - - 950x800x1200
VS0310071 160/75 150/70 6.2 3 375 125 250 - 130 80 100 1.200 1 - - 950x800x1200
VS0310072 160/90 150/90 6.2 3.5 375 125 250 - 120 70 90 1.200 1 - - 950x800x1200
VS0310039 160/110 150/100 6.2 4.3 375 125 250 - 110 45 55 1.250 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310041 160/125 150/125 6.2 4.9 375 125 250 - 100 40 50 1.300 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310074 200/40 200/40 6.2 3 490 180 360 310 232 180 160 1.800 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310075 200/50 200/50 6.2 3 490 180 360 310 225 175 155 1.818 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310076 200/56 200/56 6.2 3 490 180 360 310 220 170 150 1.830 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310077 200/63 200/60 6.2 3 490 180 360 310 215 170 145 1.840 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310078 200/75 200/70 6.2 3 540 180 360 360 210 160 185 2.000 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310079 200/90 200/90 6.2 3.5 540 180 360 360 200 155 175 2.075 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310043 200/110 200/100 6.2 4.3 540 180 360 - 150 140 65 2.400 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310045 200/125 200/125 6.2 4.9 540 180 360 - 140 130 55 2.500 1 - - 930x800x1200 9
VS0310047 200/160 200/150 6.2 6.2 540 180 360 - 115 85 35 2.700 1 - - 930x800x1200
201
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S S1 L L1 L2 L3 K1 K2 K3 kg HxLxP
VS0310081 250/40 250/40 7.7 3 660 220 400 440 300 185 270 3.700 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310082 250/50 250/50 7.7 3 660 220 400 440 290 180 260 3.720 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310083 250/56 250/56 7.7 3 660 220 400 440 285 175 255 3.730 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310084 250/63 250/60 7.7 3 660 220 400 440 280 175 250 3.740 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310085 250/75 250/70 7.7 3 660 220 400 440 275 165 245 3.750 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310086 250/90 250/90 7.7 3.5 660 220 400 440 265 160 235 3.790 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310049 250/110 250/100 7.8 4.3 660 220 440 - 215 185 150 4.400 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310051 250/125 250/125 7.8 4.9 660 220 440 - 205 175 140 4.750 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310053 250/160 250/150 7.8 6.2 660 220 440 - 180 130 50 4.850 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310055 250/200 250/200 7.8 6.2 660 220 440 - 150 50 90 5.000 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310088 315/40 300/40 9.7 3 840 280 500 560 390 240 355 7.43 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310089 315/50 300/50 9.7 3 840 280 500 560 385 235 350 7.45 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310090 315/56 300/56 9.7 3 840 280 500 560 380 235 345 7.46 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310091 315/63 315/60 9.7 3 840 280 500 560 375 225 340 7.47 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310092 315/75 300/70 9.7 3 840 280 500 560 365 220 330 7.48 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310093 315/90 300/90 9.7 3.5 840 280 500 560 355 215 320 7.53 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310057 315/110 300/100 9.8 4.3 840 280 560 - 305 260 235 8.60 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310059 315/125 300/125 9.8 4.9 840 280 560 - 290 250 220 9.15 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310061 315/160 300/150 9.8 6.2 840 280 560 - 270 205 200 9.15 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310063 315/200 300/200 9.8 6.2 840 280 560 - 240 125 175 9.45 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0310065 315/250 300/250 9.8 7.8 840 280 560 - 205 130 140 9.25 1 - - 930x800x1200
Welded.
88
88° 30’ branch
K3
°
30
’
L3
D1/DN1
L
S1
K2
L1
L2
K1
S
D/DN
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S/S1 L L1 L2/L3 K1 K2 K3 kg HxLxP

VS0312001 32 30 3 85 50 35 25 10 10 0.025 80 640 3840 1060x800x1200
VS0312003 40 40 3 130 75 55 45 20 20 0.060 50 400 2000 1180x800x1200
VS0312005 50 50 3 150 90 60 55 25 25 0.085 30 240 1200 1180x800x1200
VS0312006 56 56 3 175 105 70 65 30 30 0.105 25 200 600 1015x800x1200
VS0312007 63 60 3 175 105 70 60 25 25 0.120 20 160 800 1180x800x1200
VS0312009 75 70 3 175 105 70 55 25 25 0.145 15 120 600 1180x800x1200
VS0312011 90 90 3.5 200 120 80 65 25 25 0.220 20 80 320 1050x800x1200
VS0312013 110 100 4.3 225 135 90 65 20 20 0.365 15 60 240 1210x800x1200

VS0312015 125 125 4.9 250 150 100 70 20 20 0.510 15 60 120 950x800x1200
VS0312017 160 150 6.2 350 210 140 105 30 30 1.190 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0312019 200 200 6.2 360 180 180 25 30 25 1.705 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0312021 250 250 7.8 440 220 220 40 40 40 3.10 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0312023 315 300 9.8 560 280 280 70 65 70 6.15 1 - - 930x800x1200
Welded.
202
88 °
30 88° 30’ sweep branch
’
K3
D1/DN1
L3
L
L1
S1
K2
L2
S
K1
D/DN
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S/S1 L L1 L2 L3 K1 K2 K3 kg HxLxP

VS0312025 110/110 100/100 4.3 230 140 120 90 90 40 20 0.415 15 60 120 950x800x1200
88°30’ reducing branch

K3
88
L3
°3
0’
D1/DN1
S1
L
K2
L1
L2
K1
S
D/DN
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S S1 L L1 L2/L3 K1 K2 K3 kg HxLxP

VS0313001 40/32 40/30 3 3 130 75 55 50 20 25 0.050 50 400 2000 1180x800x1200
VS0313003 50/40 50/40 3 3 150 90 60 60 25 30 0.080 25 200 1200 1180x800x1200
VS0313002 56/50 56/50 3 3 175 105 70 70 30 35 0.105 25 200 600 1015x800x1200
VS0313008 63/40 60/40 3 3 175 105 70 70 30 35 0.115 20 160 800 1180x800x1200
VS0313012 63/50 60/50 3 3 175 105 70 70 30 35 0.125 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0313032 63/56 60/56 3 3 175 105 70 60 30 30 0.125 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0313004 75/40 70/40 3 3 175 105 70 75 25 35 0.140 25 100 400 1050x800x1200
VS0313005 75/50 70/50 3 3 175 105 70 70 25 35 0.140 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0313006 75/56 70/56 3 3 175 105 70 65 25 30 0.140 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0313010 75/63 70/60 3 3 175 105 70 60 25 25 0.145 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0313007 90/40 90/40 3.5 3 200 120 80 85 25 45 0.205 20 80 320 1050x800x1200
VS0313009 90/50 90/50 3.5 3 200 120 80 85 25 45 0.410 20 80 320 1050x800x1200
VS0313034 90/56 90/56 3.5 3 200 120 80 85 25 35 0.410 20 80 320 1050x800x1200
VS0313028 90/63 90/60 3.5 3 200 120 80 75 25 35 0.410 20 80 320 1050x800x1200
VS0313036 90/75 90/70 3.5 3 200 120 80 70 25 30 0.430 20 80 320 1050x800x1200
VS0313011 110/40 100/40 4.3 3 225 135 90 100 25 60 0.345 15 60 240 1210x800x1200
VS0313013 110/50 100/50 4.3 3 225 135 90 95 25 50 0.345 15 60 240 1050x800x1200
VS0313014 110/56 100/56 4.3 3 225 135 90 90 25 45 0.345 15 60 240 1210x800x1200
VS0313015 110/63 100/60 4.3 3 225 135 90 95 25 35 0.340 15 60 240 1050x800x1200
VS0313017 110/75 100/70 4.3 3 225 135 90 85 25 35 0.345 15 60 240 1210x800x1200
VS0313019 110/90 100/90 4.3 3.5 225 135 90 75 25 30 0.360 15 60 240 1210x800x1200
VS0313021 125/110 125/100 4.9 4.3 250 150 100 80 20 30 0.490 15 60 120 950x800x1200
VS0313023 160/110 150/100 6.2 4.3 350 210 140 135 45 60 1.120 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0313025 160/125 150/125 6.2 4.9 350 210 140 125 45 50 1.145 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0313027 200/110 200/100 6.2 4.3 360 180 180 70 60 70 1.510 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0313029 200/125 200/125 6.2 4.9 360 180 180 65 60 65 1.460 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0313031 200/160 200/150 6.2 6.2 360 180 180 45 50 45 1.600 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0313033 250/110 250/100 7.8 4.3 440 220 220 110 75 110 2.715 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0313035 250/125 250/125 7.8 4.9 440 220 220 105 75 105 2.420 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0313037 250/160 250/150 7.8 6.2 440 220 220 85 65 85 2.800 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0313039 250/200 250/200 7.8 6.2 440 220 220 65 60 65 2.820 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0313041 315/110 300/100 9.8 4.3 560 280 280 170 100 170 5.315 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0313043 315/125 300/125 9.8 4.9 560 280 280 165 100 165 5.420 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0313045 315/160 300/150 9.8 6.2 560 280 280 145 90 145 5.370 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0313047 315/200 300/200 9.8 6.2 560 280 280 120 65 120 5.570 1 - - 930x800x1200 9
VS0313049 315/250 300/250 9.8 7.8 560 280 280 95 65 95 5.620 1 - - 930x800x1200
Welded.
203
K3
45° double reducing branch
D1
/D
N1
S1
L3
K2
L
L2
L1
45° 45°
K1
S
D/DN
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S S1 L L1 L2/L3 K1 K2 K3 kg HxLxP

VS0314001 110/40 100/32 4.3 3 270 90 180 95 30 15 0.435 10 40 120 1054x800x1200
VS0314003 110/50 100/40 4.3 3 270 90 180 95 30 15 0.455 10 40 120 1054x800x1200
VS0314005 110/110 100/100 4.3 4.3 270 90 180 50 15 15 0.630 5 20 60 1054x800x1200
D1 /
S1 DN
1 60° Y branch
S1
60°
K2
L2
L1
K1
S
D/DN
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S S1 L1 L2 K1 K2 kg HxLxP

VS0316001 50/40 50/40 3 3 55 110 40 50 0.093 25 200 1000 1180x800x1200
VS0316003 63/50 60/50 3 3 65 130 50 40 0.141 25 100 400 1050x800x1200
VS0316011 110/110 100/100 4.3 4.3 90 120 50 - 0.393 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
D/DN
S 88 90° 2-way ball branch
°3
0’
S1
K3
L3
D1/DN1
H
L1
K2
K1
L2
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S S1 H L1/L3 L2 K1/K3 K2 kg HxLxP

VS0318015 110/50 100/50 4.3 3 220 105 120 15 15 0.450 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0318016 110/56 100/56 4.3 3 220 105 120 15 15 0.425 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0318017 110/75 100/70 4.3 3 220 105 120 15 15 0.500 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0318020 110/90 100/90 4.3 3.5 220 105 120 15 15 0.465 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0318019 110/110 100/100 4.3 4.3 220 105 120 15 15 0.505 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0318021 125/50 125/50 4.9 3 220 110 125 15 15 0.500 5 20 80 1050x800x1200

VS0318022 125/56 125/56 4.9 3 220 110 125 15 15 0.500 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0318023 125/75 125/70 4.9 3 220 110 125 15 15 0.530 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0318026 125/90 125/90 4.9 3.5 220 110 125 15 15 0.540 5 20 60 1054x800x1200
VS0318025 125/110 125/100 4.9 4.3 220 110 125 15 25 0.605 5 20 60 1054x800x1200
VS0318031 125/125 125/125 4.9 4.9 220 110 125 15 25 0.620 5 20 60 1054x800x1200
204
D/DN
S 88 135° 2-way ball branch
°30
’
K3
S1
L3
D1/DN1
H
L1
K2
K1
L2

VS0318033 110/50 100/50 4.3 3 220 105 120 15 15 0.440 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0318034 110/56 100/56 4.3 3 220 105 120 15 15 0.445 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0318035 110/75 100/70 4.3 3 220 105 120 15 15 0.455 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0318036 110/90 100/90 4.3 3.5 220 105 120 15 15 0.470 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0318037 110/110 100/100 4.3 4.3 220 105 120 15 25 0.500 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0318039 125/50 125/50 4.9 3 220 110 125 15 15 0.490 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0318040 125/56 125/56 4.9 3 220 110 125 15 15 0.555 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0318041 125/75 125/70 4.9 3 220 110 125 15 15 0.565 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0318042 125/90 125/90 4.9 3.5 220 110 125 15 15 0.575 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0318043 125/110 125/100 4.9 4.3 220 110 125 15 25 0.600 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0318045 125/125 125/125 4.9 4.9 220 110 125 15 25 0.740 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
D/DN
’ 180° 2-way ball branch
° 30 88
°3
88 0’
S
K3
S1
L3
D1/DN1
H
L1
K2
K1
L2

VS0318001 110/50 100/50 4.3 3 220 105 120 15 15 0.440 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0318002 110/56 100/56 4.3 3 220 105 120 15 15 0.450 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0318003 110/75 100/70 4.3 3 220 105 120 15 15 0.430 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0318004 110/90 100/90 4.3 3.5 220 105 120 15 15 0.470 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0318005 110/110 100/100 4.3 4.3 220 105 120 15 15 0.480 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0318007 125/50 125/50 4.9 3 220 110 125 15 15 0.495 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0318008 125/56 125/56 4.9 3 220 110 125 15 15 0.500 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0318009 125/75 125/70 4.9 3 220 110 125 15 15 0.555 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0318010 125/90 125/90 4.9 3.5 220 110 125 15 15 0.555 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0318011 125/110 125/100 4.9 4.3 220 110 125 15 25 0.565 5 20 60 1054x800x1200
VS0318013 125/125 125/125 4.9 4.9 220 110 125 15 25 0.625 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
205
D/DN
30
’ 88 90° 3-way ball branch
° °3
88 0’
S
S1
K3
L3
D1/DN1
H
L1
K2
K1
L2

VS0320001 110/50 100/50 4.3 3 220 105 120 15 15 0.320 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0320002 110/56 100/56 4.3 3 220 105 120 15 15 0.470 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0320003 110/75 100/70 4.3 3 220 105 120 15 15 0.460 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0320006 110/90 100/90 4.3 3.5 220 105 120 15 15 0.510 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0320005 110/110 100/100 4.3 4.3 220 105 120 15 15 0.545 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0320007 125/50 125/50 4.9 3 220 110 125 15 15 0.570 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0320008 125/56 125/56 4.9 3 220 110 125 15 15 0.515 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0320009 125/75 125/70 4.9 3 220 110 125 15 15 0.515 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0320012 125/90 125/90 4.9 3.5 220 110 125 15 15 0.525 5 20 60 1054x800x1200
VS0320011 125/110 125/100 4.9 4.3 220 110 125 15 25 0.595 5 20 60 1054x800x1200
VS0320013 125/125 125/125 4.9 4.9 220 110 125 15 25 0.670 5 20 40 950x800x1200
D/DN
’ 135° 3-way ball branch
°30 88
88
K3
°3
0’
S
L3
D1/DN1
H
L1
S1
K2
K1
L2

VS0320015 110/50 100/50 4.3 3 220 105 120 15 15 0.465 5 20 60 1054x800x1200
VS0320016 110/56 100/56 4.3 3 220 105 120 15 15 0.455 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0320017 110/75 100/70 4.3 3 220 105 120 15 15 0.440 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0320018 110/90 100/90 4.3 3.5 220 105 120 15 15 0.450 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0320019 110/110 100/100 4.3 4.3 220 105 120 15 15 0.540 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0320021 125/50 125/50 4.9 3 220 110 125 15 15 0.630 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0320022 125/56 125/56 4.9 3 220 110 125 15 15 0.515 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0320023 125/75 125/70 4.9 3 220 110 125 15 15 0.620 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0320024 125/90 125/90 4.9 3.5 220 110 125 15 15 0.630 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0320025 125/110 125/100 4.9 4.3 220 110 125 15 25 0.620 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0320027 125/125 125/125 4.9 4.9 220 110 125 15 25 0.670 5 20 40 950x800x1200
206
D/DN
0’ 88 90° 4-way ball branch
°3 °3
K3
88 S 0’
S1
L3
D1/DN1
H
L1
K2
K1
L2
DE
°
90
90
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S ° S1 H L1/L3 L2 K1/K3 K2 kg HxLxP
VS0322001 110/50 100/50 4.3 3 220 105 120 15 15 0.480 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0322002 110/56 100/56 4.3 3 220 105 120 15 15 0.480 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0322003 110/75 100/70 4.3 3 220 105 120 15 15 0.475 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0322004 110/90 100/90 4.3 3.5 220 105 120 15 15 0.535 5 20 40 950x800x1200
VS0322005 110/110 100/100 4.3 4.3 220 105 120 15 15 0.575 5 20 40 950x800x1200
VS0322007 125/50 125/50 4.9 3 220 105 125 15 15 0.530 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0322008 125/56 125/56 4.9 3 220 105 125 15 15 0.485 5 20 40 950x800x1200
VS0322009 125/75 125/70 4.9 3 220 105 125 15 15 0.425 5 20 40 950x800x1200
VS0322010 125/90 125/90 4.9 3.5 220 105 125 15 15 0.680 5 20 40 950x800x1200
VS0322011 125/110 125/100 4.9 4.3 220 105 125 15 25 0.690 5 20 40 950x800x1200
VS0322013 125/125 125/125 4.9 4.3 220 105 125 15 25 0.740 5 20 40 954x800x1200
L
L1 L2 L3 L4 Ventilation branch
H3
D2
D1
D3
H
H2
D5
D6
D4
H1
D/DN
COD. D DN D1/D2/D3 D4/D5/D6 L L1 L2 L3 L4 H H1 H2 H3 kg HxLxP

VS0316175 110 100 110 max 75 max 275 90 130 55 188 700 230 170 300 2.570 1 930x800x1200
VS0316179 160 150 110 max 75 max 310 90 160 60 190 1010 460 170 380 5.000 1 930x800x1200
207
45° access pipe with screw cap
DE
D1
/D
45°
N1
L
HS1
L2
L1
K1
S
D/DN
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S S1 L L1 L2 H DE K1 kg HxLxP

VS0348110 110/110 100/100 4.3 4.3 270 90 180 220 150 55 0.840 1 930x800x1200
VS0348125 125/110 125/100 4.9 4.3 300 100 200 230 150 70 1.240 1 930x800x1200
VS0348160 160/110 150/100 6.2 4.3 375 125 275 280 150 110 1.760 1 930x800x1200
DE
90° access pipe with screw cap
H
D/DN
K1 L1 L2
S
K2
L
COD. D DN S L L1 L2 H DE K1 K2 kg HxLxP
VS0348001 40 40 3 130 75 55 69 54 45 20 0.085 20 160 960 1060x800x1200
VS0348003 50 50 3 150 90 60 75 70 55 25 0.130 20 160 800 1180x800x1200
VS0348004 56 56 3 175 105 70 84 85 65 30 0.195 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0348005 63 60 3 175 100 75 80 82 60 25 0.175 15 120 600 1180x800x1200
VS0348007 75 70 3 175 105 70 117 117 55 25 0.365 10 80 240 1015x800x1200
VS0348009 90 90 3.5 200 120 80 125 123 65 25 0.520 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
VS0348011 110 100 4.3 240 140 100 94 146 65 20 0.620 10 40 160 1210x800x1200
VS0348013 125 125 4.9 250 150 100 124 146 70 20 0.770 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0348015 160 150 6.2 350 210 140 145 146 105 30 1.355 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0348017 200 200 6.2 360 180 180 165 146 180 25 1.710 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0348019 250 250 7.8 440 220 220 190 146 220 40 3.075 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0348021 315 300 9.8 560 280 280 225 146 280 70 5.500 1 - - 930x800x1200
L
L2 ABS inspection pipe with oval access
D/DNL1
COD. D DN L L1 L2 kg HxLxP
VS0349003 125 125 380 192-262 300 1.770 1 930x800x1200
VS0349005 160 150 400 230-300 300 2.275 1 930x800x1200
Sell out.
DE
Stop end, low type
L2
L3
L
1
L
D/DN S
9 COD. D DN S L L1 L2 L3 DE kg HxLxP
VS0340111 110 100 4.3 63 12 33 50 149 0.315 15 120 600 1180x800x1200
208
DE
Stop end
L2
L3
L
L1
S
D/DN
COD. D DN S L L1 L2 L3 DE kg HxLxP
VS0340001 40 40 3 75 30 34 66 60 0.075 40 320 1920 1060x800x1200
VS0340003 50 50 3 75 30 33 66 70 0.080 40 320 1920 1180x800x1200
VS0340004 56 56 3 77 30 34 66 80 0.120 20 160 960 1060x800x1200
VS0340005 63 60 3 76 30 43 66 85 0.135 20 160 960 1060x800x1200
VS0340007 75 70 3 103 30 45 87 109 0.280 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0340009 90 90 3.5 103 30 46 88 128 0.355 15 120 360 1015x800x1200
VS0340011 110 100 4.3 106 30 65 89 144 0.500 10 80 240 1015x800x1200
D1/DN1
S1 Concentric reducer
K
L2
L
L1
K
D/DN S
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S S1 L L1 L2 K kg HxLxP

VS0336000 40/32 40/30 3 3 80 30 30 15 0.025 50 400 4000 1130x800x1200
VS0336001 50/40 50/40 3 3 80 30 30 15 0.040 50 400 4000 1130x800x1200
VS0336002 56/50 56/50 3 3 80 30 30 15 0.040 50 400 2400 1180x800x1200
VS0336061 58/56 56/56 3 3 95 60 30 15 0.046 20 160 1600 1130x800x1200
VS0336003 63/40 50/32 3 3 80 30 30 15 0.040 50 400 2400 1180x800x1200
VS0336005 63/50 60/50 3 3 80 30 30 15 0.050 50 400 2400 1060x800x1200
VS0336006 63/56 60/56 3 3 80 30 30 15 0.045 50 400 2400 1180x800x1200
VS0336063 78/63 70/60 3 3 100 60 30 15 0.062 20 160 960 1060x800x1200
VS0336007 75/40 70/40 3 3 80 30 30 15 0.045 50 400 2400 1180x800x1200
VS0336009 75/50 70/50 3 3 80 30 30 15 0.050 50 400 2400 1180x800x1200
VS0336010 75/56 70/56 3 3 80 30 30 15 0.060 50 400 2400 1180x800x1200
VS0336011 75/63 70/60 3 3 80 30 30 15 0.060 50 400 2400 1180x800x1200
VS0336013 90/40 90/40 3.5 3 80 30 30 15 0.085 30 240 1440 1060x800x1200
VS0336015 90/50 90/50 3.5 3 80 30 30 15 0.065 30 240 1440 1060x800x1200
VS0336016 90/56 90/56 3.5 3 80 30 30 15 0.070 30 240 1440 1060x800x1200
VS0336017 90/63 90/60 3.5 3 80 30 30 15 0.090 25 200 1200 1060x800x1200

VS0336019 90/75 90/70 3.5 3 80 30 30 15 0.095 25 200 1200 1060x800x1200
VS0336021 110/40 100/40 4.3 3 80 30 30 15 0.090 30 240 1200 1180x800x1200
VS0336023 110/50 100/50 4.3 3 80 30 30 15 0.115 30 240 1200 1180x800x1200
VS0336024 110/56 100/56 4.3 3 80 30 30 15 0.095 30 240 1200 1180x800x1200
VS0336025 110/63 100/60 4.3 3 80 30 30 15 0.105 30 240 1200 1180x800x1200
VS0336027 110/75 100/70 4.3 3 80 30 30 15 0.125 30 240 1200 1180x800x1200
VS0336029 110/90 100/90 4.3 3.5 80 30 30 15 0.125 30 240 1200 1180x800x1200
VS0336031 125/50 125/50 4.9 3 80 30 30 15 0.125 20 160 960 1180x800x1200
VS0336032 125/56 125/56 4.9 3 80 30 30 15 0.125 20 160 960 1180x800x1200
VS0336033 125/63 125/60 4.9 3 80 30 30 15 0.125 20 160 960 1180x800x1200
VS0336035 125/75 125/70 4.9 3 80 30 30 15 0.135 20 160 960 1180x800x1200
VS0336037 125/90 125/90 4.9 3.5 80 30 30 15 0.255 20 160 960 1180x800x1200 9
VS0336039 125/110 125/100 4.9 4.3 80 30 40 20 0.325 20 160 800 1180x800x1200
209
D1/DN1
S1 Concentric mini reducer
L2
L
L1
K
D/DN S

VS0336041 160/110 150/100 6.2 4.3 115 30 30 15 0.255 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0336049 200/160 200/150 9.2 6.2 180 60 60 20 0.325 1 - - 930x800x1200
D1/DN1
S1 Mini reducer
L2
K
L
L1
S
K
D/DN

VS0377111 50/40 50/40 3 3 18 9 7 10 50 50 1000 8000 1010x800x1200
D1/DN1
S1 Eccentric reducer
K
L1
L
L2
K
S
D/DN

VS0358001 50/40 50/40 3 3 80 35 35 20 0.035 50 400 4000 1130x800x1200
VS0358002 56/50 56/50 3 3 80 37 35 20 0.040 30 240 2400 1130x800x1200
VS0358003 63/40 60/40 3 3 80 37 35 20 0.040 30 240 2400 1130x800x1200
VS0358005 63/50 60/50 3 3 80 37 35 20 0.040 30 240 2400 1130x800x1200
VS0358006 63/56 60/56 3 3 80 40 35 20 0.045 30 240 2400 1130x800x1200
VS0358007 75/40 70/40 3 3 80 37 35 20 0.055 30 240 1440 1060x800x1200
VS0358009 75/50 70/50 3 3 80 37 35 20 0.050 30 240 1440 1060x800x1200
VS0358010 75/56 70/56 3 3 80 37 35 20 0.050 30 240 1440 1060x800x1200
VS0358011 75/63 70/60 3 3 80 35 35 20 0.055 30 240 1440 1060x800x1200
VS0358013 90/40 90/40 3.5 3 80 37 35 20 0.065 30 240 1440 1060x800x1200
VS0358015 90/50 90/50 3.5 3 80 37 35 20 0.065 30 240 1440 1060x800x1200
VS0358016 90/56 90/56 3.5 3 80 37 35 20 0.075 25 200 1200 1060x800x1200

VS0358017 90/63 90/60 3.5 3 80 37 35 20 0.070 25 200 1200 1060x800x1200
VS0358019 90/75 90/70 3.5 3 80 37 35 20 0.095 25 200 1200 1060x800x1200
VS0358021 110/40 100/40 4.3 3 80 37 35 20 0.095 25 200 1000 1180x800x1200
VS0358023 110/50 100/50 4.3 3 80 37 35 20 0.100 25 200 1000 1180x800x1200
VS0358024 110/56 100/56 4.3 3 80 37 35 20 0.100 25 200 1000 1180x800x1200
VS0358025 110/63 100/60 4.3 3 80 37 35 20 0.105 25 200 1000 1180x800x1200
VS0358027 110/75 100/70 4.3 3 80 37 35 20 0.105 25 200 1000 1180x800x1200
VS0358029 110/90 100/90 4.3 3.5 80 37 35 20 0.140 25 200 1000 1180x800x1200
VS0358031 125/50 125/50 4.9 3 80 37 35 20 0.130 10 80 480 1060x800x1200
VS0358032 125/56 125/56 4.9 3 80 37 35 20 0.125 10 80 480 1060x800x1200
9 VS0358033
VS0358035
125/63
125/75
125/60
125/70
4.9
4.9
3
3
80
80
37
37
35
35
20
20
0.125
0.130
10
10
80
80
480
480
1060x800x1200
1060x800x1200
210
VS0358037 125/90 125/90 4.9 3.5 80 37 35 20 0.130 10 80 480 1060x800x1200
VS0358039 125/110 125/100 4.9 4.3 80 37 35 20 0.135 10 80 480 1060x800x1200
VS0358038 160/110 150/100 6.2 4.3 80 37 35 20 0.230 5 40 240 1060x800x1200
VS0358040 160/125 150/125 6.2 4.9 80 37 35 20 0.220 5 40 240 1060x800x1200
L Long eccentric reducer
S1
S
D1/DN1
D/DN
K2
K1 L2
L1
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S S1 L L1 L2 K1 K2 kg HxLxP

VS0358041 160/110 150/100 6.2 4.3 215 35 37 20 20 0.430 5 40 120 1015x800x1200
VS0358043 160/125 150/125 6.2 4.9 140 45 40 20 20 0.330 5 40 240 1180x800x1200
VS0358045 200/110 200/100 6.2 4.3 285 80 40 50 10 0.940 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0358047 200/125 200/125 6.2 4.9 285 80 40 50 10 0.910 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0358049 200/160 200/150 6.2 6.2 210 80 37 50 10 0.720 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0358055 250/200 250/200 7.8 6.2 405 160 140 100 100 1.965 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0358061 315/200 300/200 9.8 6.2 540 160 140 100 100 3.490 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0358063 315/250 300/250 9.8 7.8 450 160 150 100 100 3.295 1 - - 930x800x1200
L1
L2 Bend with cap for trap connection
DE
D1
L
90°
S
D
COD. D/D1 S DE L L1 L2 kg HxLxP

VS0330001 32/46 3 52 55 47 23 0.050 40 320 1920 1060x800x1200
VS0330003 40/46 3 52 60 51 22 0.055 40 320 1920 1180x800x1200
VS0330005 50/46 3 52 62 51 22 0.060 40 320 1600 1180x800x1200
VS0330007 50/58 3 64 68 55 24 0.070 20 160 960 1060x800x1200
VS0330009 56/46 3 52 64 60 22 0.070 20 160 960 1060x800x1200
VS0330011 56/46 3 64 65 60 22 0.075 20 160 960 1060x800x1200
With protective cap for sockets.
L
Long bend for trap connection
D/DN
L1
90°
S
D1/DE
COD. D/D1 DN S DE L L1 kg HxLxP

VS0331005 50/44 50 3 44 100 80 0.075 20 160 960 1060x800x1200
VS0331006 56/50 56 3 50 100 80 0.085 20 160 960 1060x800x1200 9
211
L
L1 Sleeve with cap for trap connection
DE
D
D1
COD. D/D1 S DE L L1 kg HxLxP
VS0332000 32/46 3 52 30 20 0.020 50 400 2400 1060x800x1200
VS0332001 40/46 3 52 30 20 0.015 50 400 4000 1130x800x1200
VS0332003 50/46 3 52 30 20 0.015 50 400 2400 1060x800x1200
VS0332005 50/58 3 64 38 20 0.020 40 320 1920 1060x800x1200
VS0332007 56/46 3 52 38 20 0.020 40 320 1920 1060x800x1200
VS0332009 56/58 3 64 38 20 0.025 20 400 3200 1010x800x1200
With protective cap for sockets.
L
Rubber grommet
D1
D2
COD. D1 D2 L kg HxLxP
VS0334003 46 24-32 22 0.020 100 800 8000 1130x800x1200
VS0334005 46 36-40 22 0.010 150 1200 7200 1060x800x1200
VS0334007 58 36-40 22 0.20 100 800 4800 1060x800x1200
VS0334021 40 24-32 22 0.020 50 1000 8000 1010x800x1200
For codes VS0330001-VS0330003-VS033005-VS0330009-VS0330011-VS0331005-VS0335003-VS0332000-VS0332001-VS0332003 - VS0332007.
For codes VS0330007-VS0332005-VS0332009.
For code VS0333001.
L
Protective cap for trap connection bend
L1
DE
D
COD. D DE L L1 kg HxLxP
VS0503222 46 56 30 5 0.010 40 800 5600 935x800x1200
DE
Short ring seal socket with protective cap
L1
L
S
D/DN
COD. D DN S DE L L1 kg HxLxP
VS0326001 90 90 3.5 108 42 31.5 0.070 25 200 1200 1060x800x1200
VS0326003 110 100 4.3 130 42 31.5 0.115 25 200 600 1015x800x1200
VS0326111 110 90 4.3 110 43.5 - 0.140 20 160 960 1060x800x1200
212
DE
D1/DN1 Ring seal socket with cap
L
L1
S
D/DN
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S DE L L1 kg HxLxP

VS0324000 32 30 3 46 46 8 0.020 100 800 4800 1060x800x1200
VS0324001 40 40 3 56.5 65 13 0.040 50 400 2400 1060x800x1200
VS0324003 50 50 3 66.5 65 13 0.050 50 400 2400 1180x800x1200
VS0324004 56 56 3 72.5 65 13 0.050 30 240 1440 1060x800x1200
VS0324005 63 60 3 79 65 11 0.065 30 240 1440 1180x800x1200
VS0324006 63/56 60/56 3 72.5 50 - 0.050 40 320 1920 1060x800x1200
VS0324007 75 70 3 92 90 17 0.110 30 240 1200 1180x800x1200
VS0324009 90 90 3.5 108 90 17 0.150 25 200 600 1015x800x1200
VS0324011 110 100 4.3 130 95 17 0.220 10 80 400 1180x800x1200
VS0324013 125 125 4.9 149 95 15 0.230 10 80 400 1180x800x1200
VS0324015 160 150 6.2 188 130 30 0.530 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0324017 200 200 6.2 225 170 18 1.075 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0324019 250 250 7.8 278 170 22 1.370 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0324021 315 300 9.8 350 180 22 1.970 1 - - 930x800x1200
Without cap.
DE
D 1-lip seal for sockets
H
COD. D/DN DE H B kg
VS0391001 32/30 40.5 6 4.9 0.002 50
VS0391003 40/40 51.4 7.8 6.5 0.005 50
VS0391005 50/50 61.4 7.8 6.5 0.005 50
VS0391007 56/50 67.5 7.8 6.5 0.010 50
VS0391009 63/50 74 7.8 6 0.010 20
VS0391011 75/70 86.6 7.8 6.5 0.010 20
VS0391222 100/100 114 9.3 8.2 0.020 20
VS0391013 90/80 103 8.9 7.5 0.015 20
VS0391015 110/100 123.9 8.9 7.9 0.020 20
VS0391017 125/125 142.2 10.2 8.9 0.025 20
VS0391019 160/150 179.8 11.5 10.2 0.045 20

VS0391021 200/200 223.7 12.8 11.2 0.045 20
VS0391023 250/250 282 19.5 1.6 0.500 1
VS0391025 315/300 350 20.5 17.1 0.055 1
213
DI O-ring for sockets
H
COD. D/DN DI H kg
VS0392000 32/30 31 5 0.005 20
VS0392001 40/40 39 6 0.005 20
VS0392003 50/50 49 6 0.005 20
VS0392004 56/56 54 6 0.005 20
VS0392005 63/60 62 6 0.010 20
VS0392007 75/70 79 6 0.010 20
VS0392009 90/90 89 6 0.010 20
VS0392011 110/100 109 7 0.015 20
VS0392013 125/125 124 8 0.025 20
VS0392015 160/150 159 9 0.035 20
DE
Expansion socket
Max 6m
20°0°
L
30
L1
44
S
D/DN
COD. D DN S DE L L1 K kg HxLxP
VS0328000 32 30 3 40 93 9 - 0.040 50 400 2400 1060x800x1200
VS0328001 40 40 3 73 235 60 40 0.160 20 160 960 1180x800x1200
VS0328003 50 50 3 81 235 56 40 0.200 20 160 800 1180x800x1200
VS0328004 56 56 3 90 235 50 40 0.220 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0328005 63 60 3 96 235 56 40 0.250 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0328007 75 70 3 109 235 56 40 0.300 10 80 240 1015x800x1200
VS0328009 90 90 3.5 117 235 54 40 0.335 15 60 240 1050x800x1200
VS0328012 ▲ 110 100 4.3 140 255 46 20 0.500 10 40 160 1210x800x1200
VS0328013 125 125 4.9 154 235 53 40 0.625 10 40 160 1210x800x1200
VS0328015 160 150 6.2 192 260 72 40 1.010 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0328017 200 200 6.2 228 350 80 40 1.850 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0328019 250 250 7.8 280 440 183 100 3.380 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0328021 315 300 9.8 350 480 183 100 6.100 1 - - 930x800x1200
Without cap.
For rigid pipe support.
214
DE
D Seal for expansion sockets
H
B
COD. D/DN H B DE kg HxLxP

VS0391001 32/30 6 4.95 40.5 0.015 50 - - -
VS0390001 40/40 16 12 60 0.025 20 400 3200 1010x800x1200
VS0390003 50/50 16 12 70 0.035 20 400 3200 1010x800x1200
VS0390004 56/56 16 12 76 0.040 20 400 3200 1010x800x1200
VS0390005 63/60 16 12.5 83 0.045 20 400 3200 1010x800x1200
VS0390007 75/70 16 12.5 95.5 0.050 20 400 3200 1010x800x1200
VS0390009 90/90 16 12.5 111 0.055 20 400 3200 1010x800x1200
VS0390011 110/100 16 12.5 130.5 0.070 10 200 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0390013 125/125 16 12 143.5 0.070 10 200 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0390015 160/150 16 12.5 180.5 0.115 10 200 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0390017 200/200 21.8 11.2 223.7 0.045 1 20 160 1010x800x1200
VS0391023 250/250 - 16 282 0.050 1 - - -
VS0391025 315/300 - 17.15 350 0.055 1 - - -
Electro fusion coupling

D/DN
DE
H
H1
COD. D DN L DE H H1 kg HxLxP
VS0350001 40 40 64 52 68 3 0.055 10 240 3360 120x800x1200
VS0350003 50 50 60 63 80 3 0.070 10 190 2850 120x800x1200
VS0350004 56 56 60 70 86 3 0.085 10 160 2400 120x800x1200
VS0350005 63 60 60 77 92 3 0.080 10 140 1960 120x800x1200
VS0350007 75 70 60 90 105 3 0.105 10 480 1440 120x800x1200
VS0350009 90 90 60 106 121 3 0.135 10 350 1050 120x800x1200
VS0350011 110 100 60 126 143 3 0.165 10 270 810 120x800x1200
VS0350013 125 125 60 142 158 3 0.210 5 200 600 120x800x1200
VS0350015 160 150 60 178 194 3 0.260 5 120 360 120x800x1200
VS0350117 200 200 153 233 248 3 1.705 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0350119 250 250 153 285 300 3 2.135 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0350121 315 300 153 350 365 3 2.610 1 - - 930x800x1200
215
L
Fire collar
N
D/D
H
COD. D DN L H
VS0410001 40 40 22.4 69 1
VS0410003 50 50 22.4 69 1
VS0410005 56 56 32.4 85 1
VS0410007 63 60 32.4 85 1
VS0410009 75 70 42.4 121 1
VS0410011 90 90 47.4 151 1
VS0410013 110 100 47.4 151 1
VS0410015 125 125 32.5 162 1
VS0410017 160 150 112.5 209 1
VS0410019 200 200 175 255 1
VS0410021 250 250 230 315 1
VS0410023 315 300 330 395 1
DE
Sliding connector
L
D/DN S
COD. D DN S L DE kg HxLxP
VS0355017 160 150 6.7 230 185 1.225 1 930x800x1200
VS0355019 200 200 6.7 270 226 1.445 1 930x800x1200
VS0355021 250 250 8.3 300 284 2.910 1 930x800x1200
VS0355023 315 300 10.4 320 354 5.100 1 930x800x1200
DE
Bi-joint
D/DN S
COD. D DN S L H DE kg HxLxP
VS0357017 160 150 6.7 230 6 185 1.240 1 930x800x1200
VS0357019 200 200 6.7 270 6 226 1.815 1 930x800x1200
VS0357021 250 250 8.3 300 7 284 5.140 1 930x800x1200
VS0357023 315 300 10.4 320 9 354 7.330 1 930x800x1200
216
DE
DI WC pan connector with protective cap
L
L1
S
D/DN
COD. D DN S DI DE L L1 HxLxP
VS0352001 90 90 3.5 120 131 67 12 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0352003 110 100 4.3 120 131 68 15 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
DE
DI Extended WC pan connector with protective cap without seal
L
S
D/DN
L1
COD. D DN S DI DE L L1 kg HxLxP
VS0356001 90 90 3.5 110 117 125 9 0.175 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0356003 110 100 4.3 110 117 125 11 0.170 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
D
PP white flange for HTSK fitting
H
D1
COD. D D1 H kg HxLxP
VS0588003 90 145 35 0.035 20 160 960 970x800x1200
VS0588001 110 165 35 0.040 20 160 640 850x800x1200
DE
DI Extended floor pan connector with 2 seals
L1
D/DN S
VS0361001 110 100 4.3 102±5 140 166 125 0.420 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
217
L1
Long connection sleeve for wall-hung pan with seal
DI
D/DN
DE
K
S
L
COD. D DN S DE DI L L1 K kg HxLxP
VS0366125 90 90 3.5 140 102±5 250 200 150 0.360 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
VS0366133 90 90 3.5 140 102±5 300 260 200 0.420 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
Mod. A L Straight connector for wall-hung pan with seal and protective cap
Connection to PVC
D1/DN1
DE
S1 L3 L4 S L1
L2
D/DN
L
Mod. B Connection to PVC
D1/DN1
DE
S1 L3 L4
S
D/DN
L2 L1
Mod. C L
L1
S1
S
D1/DN1
D/DN
DE
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 Mod. S S1 DE L L1 L2 L3 L4 kg HxLxP

VS0366090 90/100 90/100 A 3.5 5.5 109 232 31 70 15 28 0.332 10 80 240 1015x800x1200
VS0366110 110/100 100/100 B 4.3 6.6 131 236 32 70 15 28 0.390 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
VS0366113 90/110 90/100 C 4.3 4.30 109 300 31 180 - - 0.480 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
DE
DI Connection sleeve for back-to-wall WC toilet
L
L1
S
D/DN
VS0365001 90 90 3.5 102±5 140 166 130 0.285 10 80 240 1015x800x1200
VS0365003 110 100 4.30 102±5 140 166 130 0.355 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
218
L2 L3
Connection kit for wall-hung WC toilet
D1/DN1
WASHER D32
L1
NUT M12
DI
D/DN
DE
L
S
COD. D/D1 DN S DI DE L L1 L2 L3 kg HxLxP
VS0366001 90/44 90 3.5 102±5 132 166 122 195 24 0.450 10 80 240 1015x800x1200
VS0366003 110/44 100 4.3 102±5 132 166 129 199 24 0.530 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
With O-ring.
Without O-ring.
L1 WASHER D32 Connection sleeve for wall-hung WC toilet

NUT M12
DI
D/DN
DE
L
S
VS0367001 90 90 3.5 102±5 133 166 128 0.380 10 80 240 1015x800x1200
VS0367003 110 100 4.3 102±5 131 166 128 0.440 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
DE
DI WC toilet bend with protective cap
L1
S
D/DN
K
L
COD. D DN S DI DE L L1 K kg HxLxP
VS0360001 90 90 3.5 120 132 270 115 200 0.420 10 40 160 1210x800x1200
VS0360003 110 100 4.30 120 132 300 125 200 0.600 10 40 120 1054x800x1200
DE
DI Extended WC toilet bend with protective cap CATALOGUE / PEHD - RANGE
L1
S
D/DN
K
L
COD. D DN S DI DE L L1 K kg HxLxP
VS0362001 90/110 90 3.5 110 116 270 160 200 0.490 15 60 120 950x800x1200
VS0362003 110/110 100 4.3 110 116 300 170 220 0.670 10 40 80 950x800x1200
VS0362125 110/125 100 4.3 125 132 300 190 220 0.705 10 40 80 950x800x1200
Without cap.
219
DE
DI WC toilet extended bend with protective cap, branch on right
L1
D1/DN1
D/DN
S1
L2 L3
L
S
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S S1 DI DE L L1 L2 L3 kg HxLxP
VS0363001 110/50 100/50 4.3 3 110 116 120 165 140 60 0.455 10 40 120 1054x800x1200
DE
DI
Extended WC toilet bend with left inlet and protective cap
L1
D/DN
D1/DN1
S1
L3 L2
S
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S S1 DI DE L L1 L2 L3 kg HxLxP

VS0363003 110/50 100/50 4.3 3 110 116 120 165 140 60 0.455 10 40 120 1054x800x1200
WC toilet bend with 2 inlets with

L protective cap and blank end
L3
D2 for side inlet
S
L1
D/DN
DE
DI
L2
1 S1
D
/D
1
N
COD. D/D1/D2 DN/DN1 S S1 DI DE L L1 L2 L3 kg HxLxP

VS0380001 90/40/120 90/40 3.5 3 120 130 270 120 87 112 0.465 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0380003 90/50/120 90/50 3.5 3 120 130 270 120 87 112 0.470 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0380005 110/40/120 100/40 4.3 3 120 130 300 117 87 115 0.750 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0380007 110/50/120 100/50 4.3 3 120 130 300 117 87 115 0.645 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
220
L
Extended WC toilet bend with 2 inlets
L3 with protective cap and
K blank end for side inlet
L1
S
D/DN
DE
DI
D1
/D
L2
N1
S1
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S S1 DI DE L L1 L2 L3 K kg HxLxP
VS0381001 90/40 90/40 3.5 3 110 116 270 160 87 115 80 0.545 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0381003 90/50 90/50 3.5 3 110 116 270 160 87 115 80 0.555 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0381005 100/40 100/40 4.3 3 110 116 300 170 100 115 120 0.755 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0381007 110/50 100/50 4.3 3 110 116 300 170 87 120 120 0.735 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
VS0381125 110/50 100/50 4.3 3 125 131 300 190 87 115 120 0.745 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
Without cap.
WC toilet bend with 4 inlets

L
L3 L4 with protective cap and
blank end for side inlet
L1
D/DN
DE
DI
S
D1 L2
L2
/D
N1
S1
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S S1 DI DE L L1 L2 L3 L4 kg HxLxP

VS0378001 110/40 100/40 4.3 3 120 130 300 117 87 115 107 0.680 5 20 60 1054x800x1200
VS0378003 110/50 100/50 4.3 3 120 130 300 117 87 115 107 0.705 5 20 80 1210x800x1200
Extended WC toilet bend with 4 inlets

L
L3 L4 with protective cap and
blank end for side inlet
L1
S
D/DN
DE
DI
D1
/D
L2
S1
N1
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S S1 DI DE L L1 L2 L3 L4 kg HxLxP

VS0379001 110/40 100/40 4.3 3 110 117 300 170 87 115 107 0.745 5 20 60 1054x800x1200
VS0379003 110/50 100/50 4.3 3 110 117 300 170 87 120 107 0.790 5 20 60 1054x800x1200
VS0379125 110/50 100/50 4.3 3 125 130 300 190 87 115 107 0.790 5 20 40 950x800x1200
Without cap.
221
L1 WC toilet bend for wall-hung pan
Mod. A L2 Mod. C
Mod. B L1 L1 with seal and protective cap
L2 L2
D/DN
DE
D/DN
DE
D/DN
DE
L
L
K
H2
H1 H
H2
H
S S
D1/DN1 S
H1
D1/DN1 D1/DN1
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 Mod. S L L1 L2 DE H H1 H2 K kg HxLxP

VS0364001 90/90 90/90 A 3.5 270 90 40 108 - - - 150 0.398 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
VS0364003 110/110 100/100 A 4.3 300 87 40 130 - - - 180 0.596 10 40 160 1210x800x1200
VS0364006 90/90 90/90 A 3.5 370 65 35 108 - - - 150 0.398 10 40 160 1210x800x1200
VS0364111 90/110 90/100 A 4.3 230 90 40 108 74 24 15 - 0.360 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
VS0364090 90/100 90/100 B 4.9 230 87 40 130 76 25 25 - 0.526 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
VS0364100 110/100 100/100 C - - - - - - - - - - 10 40 160 1210x800x1200
L3 Double bend for wall-hung WC toilet, vertical installation

L4
D1/DN1
DE
30° 30°
S1
L2
L
S
D/DN
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S S1 DE L L2 L3 L4 K kg HxLxP

VS0368001 110/110 100/100 4.3 4.3 130 205 37 285 240 50 0.816 5 20 60 1054x800x1200
VS0368003 110/90 100/90 4.3 3.5 108 210 - 270 - 50 0.764 5 20 60 1054x800x1200
Bend for wall-hung WC toilet,

S1 K horizontal installation, left, with seal and cap
S
L1
D/DN
L
L3
L2
D1/DN1
DE

VS0370002 90/90 90/90 3.5 3.5 108 290 100 35 85 150 0.442 5 40 120 1015x800x1200
VS0370003 110/90 100/90 4.3 3.5 108 315 100 35 85 170 0.616 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0370001 110/110 100/100 4.3 4.3 130 320 100 35 85 170 0.720 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
222
Bend for wall-hung WC toilet,
S1 horizontal installation, right, with seal and cap
K
L1
D/DN
L
L3
L2
D1/DN1
DE

VS0372002 90/90 90/90 3.5 3.5 110 290 100 35 85 150 0.442 5 40 120 1015x800x1200
VS0372003 110/90 100/90 4.3 3.5 108 315 100 35 85 170 0.616 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
VS0372001 110/110 100/100 3.5 4.3 130 340 100 35 85 170 0.720 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
D1/DN1 Double bend for wall-hung WC toilet,

S1
horizontal installation, with seals
L2
and protective caps
S
L1
D/DN
L4
L3
L K
DE
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S S1 DE L L1 L2 L3 L4 K kg HxLxP

VS0374001 110/110 100/100 4.3 4.3 130 340 95 37 285 240 120 1.090 5 20 40 950x800x1200
VS0374003 110/90 100/90 4.3 3.5 108 335 100 - 270 - 120 1.020 5 20 40 950x800x1200
DE Trap for squatting toilet with seal and protective cap

DI
α=0°
S
0°
L2 D/DN
L1
L
DE
DI
α=45°
L2
45°
L1
S
DN
D/
L
DE
DI
α=90°
L1
L2
90°
S
D/DN
L
COD. D DN α S DI DE L L1 L2 kg HxLxP
VS0375001 110 100 0° 4.3 102±5 140 270 215 170 0.720 5 20 40 950x800x1200
VS0375003 110 100 45° 4.3 102±5 140 240 225 160 1.002 5 20 40 950x800x1200
VS0375005 110 100 90° 4.3 102±5 140 340 225 220 0.990 5 20 40 950x800x1200
9
223
DE
D2 Seal for sleeves, traps and WC toilet bends
H
COD. D/DN D2 DE H Colour kg HxLxP
VS0386001 125/125 102±5 134 23.5 Black 0.125 20 160 1600 1130x800x1200
VS0386003 125/125 102±5 134 23.5 White 0.100 20 160 1600 1130x800x1200
For codes VS0365.
For codes VS0352-VS0354-VS0362125-VS0356-VS0366-VS0367-VS0375-VS0378-VS0380-VS0353.
DE
D2 Seal for WC toilet sleeves and extended bends
COD. D D2 DE H kg HxLxP
VS0388001 115 102±5 120 23.5 0.082 30 240 1440 1060x800x1200
For codes VS0353-VS0362-VS0363.
DE Protective cap for sockets

L
D/DN
COD. D/DN DE L kg HxLxP

VS0503000 32 36 16 0.005 100 2000 14000 935x800x1200
VS0503001 40 46 38 0.005 40 800 5600 935x800x1200
VS0503003 50 56 38 0.010 50 400 3200 930x800x1200
VS0503002 56 62 38 0.015 40 800 5600 935x800x1200
VS0503004 58 65 38 0.015 40 800 5600 935x800x1200
VS0503006 63 75 38 0.018 30 240 1920 930x800x1200
VS0503005 75 85 38 0.020 30 240 1920 930x800x1200
VS0503008 90 102 38 0.030 30 240 1440 970x800x1200
VS0503007 110 123 39 0.040 30 240 960 1010x800x1200
VS0503009 125 135 38 0.055 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0503011 160 170 38 0.055 10 80 480 970x800x1200
VS0503013 200 210 38 0.065 1 - - -
224
Stub end
D/DN
D1
D2
S
L1
L
COD. D DN S D1 D2 L L1 kg
VS0347003 50 50 3 88 61 63 12 0.075 1
VS0347005 56 56 3 94 72 90 12 0.115 1
VS0347007 63 60 3 102 75 90 15 0.125 1
VS0347009 75 70 3 122 89 90 15 0.185 1
VS0347011 90 90 3.5 138 106 90 15 0.215 1
VS0347013 110 100 4.3 158 120 100 18 0.335 1
VS0347015 125 125 4.9 158 128 100 18 0.340 1
VS0347017 140 140 4.9 188 150 100 18 0.450 1
VS0347019 160 150 6.2 212 175 100 18 0.585 1
VS0347021 200 200 6.2 268 232 128 20 0.920 1
VS0347023 250 250 7.8 320 285 130 20 1.480 1
VS0347025 315 300 9.8 370 236 130 20 1.720 1
Painted aluminium backing fllange

DI M
S
D1
D2
COD. D/DN S DI D1 D2 M Hole No. kg

VS0345003 50/50 20 62 120 150 18 4 0.625 1
VS0345005 56/56 20 64 123 159 18 4 0.710 1
VS0345007 63/60 17 78 128 165 18 4 0.650 1
VS0345009 75/70 21 93 148 185 18 4 0.885 1
VS0345011 90/90 22 108 160 200 18 8 1.005 1
VS0345013 110/100 22 128 182 220 18 8 1.050 1
VS0345015 125/125 22 136 176 220 18 8 1.150 1
VS0345017 140/140 22 160 210 250 18 8 1.360 1
VS0345019 160/150 25 179 240 285 22 8 1.840 1
VS0345021 200/200 26 235 295 337 22 8 2.325 1
VS0345023 250/250 30 285 350 396 22 12 3.780 1

VS0345025 315/300 30 340 400 444 22 12 3.945 1
225
M
Painted aluminium blank flange
S
D1
D2
COD. D/DN S D1 D2 M Hole No. kg

VS0346003 50/50 20 120 150 18 4 0.760 1
VS0346005 56/56 20 123 159 18 4 0.865 1
VS0346007 63/60 17 128 165 18 4 1.020 1
VS0346009 75/70 21 148 185 18 4 1.305 1
VS0346011 90/90 22 162 200 18 8 1.525 1
VS0346013 110/100 22 176 220 18 8 1.700 1
VS0346015 125/125 22 182 280 18 8 1.800 1
VS0346017 140/140 22 210 250 18 8 2.385 1
VS0346019 160/150 25 240 285 22 8 2.945 1
VS0346021 200/200 26 295 337 22 8 4.485 1
VS0346023 250/250 30 350 396 22 12 7.495 1
VS0346025 315/300 30 400 444 22 12 9.345 1
Flat rubber seal for flange
D/DN S
COD. D DN S kg
VS0343003 50 50 3 0.020 1
VS0343005 56 56 3 0.020 1
VS0343007 63 60 3 0.020 1
VS0343009 75 70 3 0.030 1
VS0343011 90 90 3 0.040 1
VS0343013 110 100 3 0.045 1
VS0343015 125 125 3 0.035 1
VS0343017 140 140 3 0.060 1
VS0343019 160 150 3 0.070 1
VS0343021 200 200 3 0.110 1
VS0343023 250 250 3 0.140 1

VS0343025 315 300 3 0.140 1
226
L 3 3
Galvanised bolt with washer and nut for flange
M/D
13/16
COD. M/D L For flange D kg

VS0341003 16 90 50-56 0.215 1 (4 pcs)
VS0341005 16 100 63-75 0.230 1 (4 pcs)
VS0341006 16 100 90 0.230 1 (8 pcs)
VS0341007 16 110 110-125-140 0.250 1 (8 pcs)
VS0341009 20 110 160 0.410 1 (8 pcs)
VS0341011 20 130 200-250-315 0.450 1 (12 pcs)
PVC adaptor (solvent weld)

D
L1
L
L2
D1
COD. D/D1 L L1 L2 kg HxLxP

VS0564121 40/40 105 50 55 0.045 40 320 1920 970x800x1200
VS0564123 50/50 105 50 55 0.055 30 240 1440 970x800x1200
VS0564150 50/100 130 91 40 0.140 10 80 480 970x800x1200
VS0564075 75/75 144 87 58 0.190 15 120 480 850x800x1200
VS0564131 75/80 154 78 75 0.145 15 120 480 1010x800x1200
VS0564182 75/82 159 78 80 0.130 15 120 480 850x800x1200
VS0564175 70/100 156 77 77 0.185 10 80 480 970x800x1200
VS0564190 90/100 143 76 65 0.250 10 80 320 1010x800x1200
VS0564101 110/100 143 52 80.5 0.255 10 80 320 1010x800x1200
VS0564251 110/125 145 83 60 0.255 10 80 240 1015x800x1200
D/DN
S Male adaptor with o-rings for connection to PVC
L1
L
H1 H2
D1/DN1 S1
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S S1 L L1 H1 H2 kg HxLxP

VS0353001 90/100 90/100 3.5 6 115 30 15 24 0.140 10 80 480 1060x800x1200
227
D/DN
S Male adaptor with o-rings for connection to PVC
L1
L
H1 H2
D1/DN1
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S DE L L1 H1 H2 kg HxLxP

VS0353003 110/100 100/100 4.3 105 105 30 26 27 0.162 15 120 600 1180x800x1200
DI
O-ring for adaptors (HDPE - PVC)
H
COD. D DI H kg
VS0392222 100 95 2.62 0.002 20
For codes VS0353001-VS0353003-VS0354001-VS0366090-VS0366110-VS0364090-VS0364100.
DE
DI O-ring for adaptors (HDPE - PVC)
D1/DN1
L
L1
S
D/DN
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S DI DE L L1 kg HxLxP

VS0353005 90/100 90/100 3.5 102±5 140 166 130 0.280 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
VS0353007 110/100 100/100 4.3 102±5 140 166 130 0.390 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
DE
DI WC toilet connector for PVC with ring seal
D1/DN1
L
L1
H2
H1
D/DN S
COD. D DN S DI DE L L1 H1 H2 kg HxLxP
VS0354001 100 100 4.3 102±5 140 166 125 17 30 0.350 10 80 240 1015x800x1200
228
DE
Seal for connecting sleeve (PVC)
D2
H1
H
D
COD. D/DN DE D2 H H1 kg HxLxP

VS0386005 125/125 130 100±7 40 23 0.110 20 160 1600 1130x800x1200
For code VS0353007.
A
A Contraction sleeve for connection to cast iron, asbestos, steel pipes
D1
B S1
L2
L
L1
A D1
S1
K
B
L2
A
L
L1
D S D S
MOD.1
COD. D D1 S S1 L L1 L2 K A B kg HxLxP
VS0383001 50 60 3 3 300 240 60 170 53-54 48-49 0.165 15 120 360 1015x800x1200
VS0383003 50 73 3 3 275 220 55 170 60-67 53-60 0.145 15 120 360 1015x800x1200
VS0383005 50 80 3 3 285 230 55 170 67-74 60-67 0.170 15 120 360 1015x800x1200
VS0383007 50 90 3 3 305 235 70 170 80-84 73-77 0.205 15 60 240 1050x800x1200
VS0383009 50 100 3 3 310 240 70 170 90-94 83-87 0.215 15 60 240 1050x800x1200
VS0383011 56 60 3 3 265 205 65 140 53-54 48-49 0.130 15 120 360 1015x800x1200
VS0383013 56 73 3 3 245 190 55 140 60-67 53-60 0.130 15 120 360 1015x800x1200
VS0383015 56 80 3 3 245 190 55 140 67-74 53-60 0.150 15 120 360 1015x800x1200
VS0383017 56 90 3 3 265 195 70 140 80-84 60-67 0.180 15 60 240 1050x800x1200
VS0383019 56 100 3 3 270 200 70 140 90-94 83-87 0.200 15 60 240 1210x800x1200
VS0383021 63 73 3 3 265 205 65 140 60-67 53-60 0.180 15 60 240 1050x800x1200
VS0383023 63 80 3 3 245 195 55 140 67-74 60-67 0.165 15 60 240 1050x800x1200
VS0383025 63 90 3 3 265 195 70 140 80-84 73-77 0.175 15 60 240 1050x800x1200
VS0383027 63 100 3 3 265 205 70 140 90-94 83-87 0.170 15 60 240 1050x800x1200
VS0383029 75 80 3 3 250 190 65 - 67-74 60-67 0.190 15 60 240 1050x800x1200

VS0383031 75 90 3 3 245 175 70 120 80-84 73-77 0.215 10 80 240 1015x800x1200
VS0383033 75 100 3 3 150 80 70 120 90-94 83-87 0.215 10 80 240 1015x800x1200
VS0382001 90 110 3.5 3.5 160 60 100 - 84-98 - 0.190 10 80 240 1015x800x1200
MOD.2
COD. D D1 S S1 L L1 L2 K A B kg HxLxP
VS0382003 110 125 4.3 4.3 165 43.5 100 - 102-111 100-109 0.250 10 40 160 1050x800x1200
VS0382005 110 140 4.3 4.3 180 80 100 - 102-126 100-124 0.310 10 40 160 1210x800x1200
VS0382007 125 150 4.9 4.9 180 80 100 - 116-136 115-134 0.425 10 40 120 1054x800x1200
229
Metal adaptor (brass)
D
L2
L
L1
D1
COD. D D1 L L1 L2 kg HxLxP
VS0570001 32 32 61 26 33 0.065 40 800 5600 935x800x1200
VS0570002 40 32 59 28 25 0.040 40 800 5600 935x800x1200
VS0570003 40 40 55 25 25 0.040 40 800 5600 935x800x1200
VS0570005 50 50 40 10 26 0.065 20 400 2800 935x800x1200
L
Firenze trap with access D 110
S
D/DN
K1
L1
L2
COD. D DN S L L1 L2 K1 kg
VS0375110 110 100 4.3 580 105 50 20 1.320 1
VS0375125 125 125 4.9 650 100 50 20 1.810 1
VS0375160 160 150 6.2 870 140 50 30 3.560 1
Sleeve for high-level flush cistern

with grommet code VS0334021
Di
DE
L
D1
D/
DN
COD. D/D1 DN S DI DE L α kg HxLxP

VS0333001 32/40 30 3 24-32 40 70 45° 0.015 40 320 1920 1060x800x1200
DE Offsetting fitting
D1/DN1
L2
L1
L
K
S
D/DN
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S DE L L1 L2 K kg HxLxP

VS0323090 90/90 90/90 3.5 108 470 100 70 135 0.590 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
9 VS0323109 110/90 100/90 4.3 108 480 110 65 170 0.750 5 20 80 1050x800x1200
230
Flange bushing
DE
L1
L
S1
L1
S
D/DN
COD. D DN S S1 DE L L1 kg HxLxP
VS0344001 40 40 3 4 46 64 30 0.025 50 400 4000 1130x800x1200
VS0344003 50 50 3 4 57 68 32 0.030 50 400 2400 1060x800x1200
VS0344004 56 56 3 4 64 68 32 0.035 40 320 1920 1060x800x1200
VS0344005 63 60 3 4 71 72 34 0.045 20 160 1600 1130x800x1200
VS0344007 75 70 3 5 84 83 39.5 0.060 20 160 960 1180x800x1200
VS0344009 90 90 3.5 5 100 100 47.5 0.100 15 120 600 1180x800x1200
VS0344011 110 100 4.3 6 120 112 53.5 0.165 10 80 400 1180x800x1200
Flange bushing with double flange

s1
COD. D DN S S1 DE L L1 L2 HxLxP
VS0344215 200 200 6.2 15 13 191 60 41 1 - 80 950x800x1200
VS0344217 250 250 7.7 20 262 201 60 41 1 - 48 950x800x1200
VS0344219 315 300 9.7 20 326 201 60 41 1 - 28 950x800x1200
DG
Cap and lining - curved
K
H
D
S
RUBBER SEAL
COD. D DG S L H K Nut kg
HxLxP
VS0700180 40 1”1/4 3 130 25 100 Brass 0.100 20 160 1280 930x800x1200
VS0700190 40 1”1/2 3 130 30 100 Brass 0.105 20 160 1280 930x800x1200
FIBRE SEAL
COD. D DG S L H K Nut kg HxLxP

VS0700280 40 1”1/4 3 130 25 100 Plastic 0.035 20 - - -
VS0700290 40 1”1/2 3 130 30 100 Plastic 0.040 20 - - -
231
Cap and lining - curved
DG
H
D1
D
L1 L2
S
L
RUBBER SEAL
COD. D DG S L L1 L2 H Nut kg HxLxP

VS0700059 40/50 1”1/4 3 130 50 54 25 Brass 0.110 20 160 1280 930x800x1200
VS0700061 40/50 1”1/2 3 120 50 N.C. 30 Brass 0.120 25 200 1400 970x800x1200
FIBRE SEAL
COD. D DG S L L1 L2 H Nut kg HxLxP

VS0700259 40/50 1”1/4 3 130 50 54 25 Plastic 0.060 20 160 1280 930x800x1200
VS0700261 40/50 1”1/2 3 120 50 N.C. 30 Plastic 0.055 20 160 1120 970x800x1200
DE
Cap and lining seal
H
DG
L
S
D
RUBBER SEAL
COD. D DG S L DE H Nut kg HxLxP

VS0700038 32 1”1/4 3 45 40 2 Brass 0.075 50 400 3200 930x800x1200
VS0700043 40 1”1/4 3 45 40 2 Brass 0.080 50 400 3200 930x800x1200
VS0700045 40 1”1/2 3 45 45 2 Brass 0.090 50 400 3200 930x800x1200
VS0700044 48 1”1/4 3 45 40 2 Brass 0.080 40 320 2560 930x800x1200
VS0700046 48 1”1/2 3 45 45 2 Brass 0.090 40 320 2560 930x800x1200
VS0700062 50 1”1/4 3 45 40 2 Brass 0.080 40 320 2560 930x800x1200
VS0700063 50 1”1/2 3 45 45 2 Brass 0.090 40 320 2560 930x800x1200
FIBRE SEAL
COD. D DG S L DE H Nut kg HxLxP

VS0700238 32 1”1/4 3 45 40 2 Plastic 0.025 40 320 2560 930x800x1200
VS0700243 40 1”1/4 3 45 40 2 Plastic 0.030 40 320 2560 930x800x1200
VS0700245 40 1”1/2 3 45 45 2 Plastic 0.030 50 400 3200 930x800x1200

VS0700244 48 1”1/4 3 45 40 2 Plastic 0.030 40 320 2560 930x800x1200
VS0700246 48 1”1/2 3 45 45 2 Plastic 0.030 40 320 2560 930x800x1200
VS0700262 50 1”1/4 3 45 40 2 Plastic 0.030 40 320 2560 930x800x1200
VS0700263 50 1”1/2 3 45 45 2 Plastic 0.030 40 320 2560 930x800x1200
232
DE
Cap and lining - long
H
DG
L
K
S
D
RUBBER SEAL
COD. D DG S L DE H K Nut kg HxLxP

VS0700051 40 1”1/4 3 195 40 2 110 Brass 0.130 20 160 1280 930x800x1200
VS0700053 40 1”1/2 3 195 45 2 110 Brass 0.145 20 160 1280 930x800x1200
VS0700054 48 1”1/4 3 195 40 2 110 Brass 0.145 20 160 1120 970x800x1200
VS0700056 48 1”1/2 3 195 45 2 110 Brass 0.155 20 160 1120 970x800x1200
VS0700058 50 1”1/4 3 195 40 2 110 Brass 0.150 20 160 1120 970x800x1200
VS0700060 50 1”1/2 3 195 45 2 110 Brass 0.155 20 160 1120 970x800x1200
FIBRE SEAL
COD. D DG S L DE H K Nut kg HxLxP

VS0700251 40 1”1/4 3 195 40 2 110 Plastic 0.080 20 160 1280 930x800x1200
VS0700253 40 1”1/2 3 195 45 2 110 Plastic 0.085 20 160 1120 970x800x1200
VS0700254 48 1”1/4 3 195 40 2 110 Plastic 0.095 20 160 1120 970x800x1200
VS0700256 48 1”1/2 3 195 45 2 110 Plastic 0.095 20 160 1120 970x800x1200
VS0700258 50 1”1/4 3 195 40 2 110 Plastic 0.100 20 160 1120 970x800x1200
VS0700260 50 1”1/2 3 195 45 2 110 Plastic 0.095 20 160 1120 970x800x1200
DE
D1/DN1 Threaded coupling
L2
L
L3
L1
D/DN S
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 S L L1 L2 L3 DE kg HxLxP

VS0338001 40 40 3 74 30 34 66 60 0.075 40 320 1920 1060x800x1200
VS0338003 50 50 3 76 30 33 66 70 0.080 40 320 1920 1180x800x1200

VS0338004 56 56 3 46 30 34 66 80 0.120 25 200 1200 1180x800x1200
VS0338005 63 60 3 79 30 43 66 85 0.130 25 200 1200 1180x800x1200
VS0338006 63/56 60 3 48 - 34 66 80 0.100 25 200 1200 1060x800x1200
VS0338007 75 70 3 106 30 45 87 109 0.250 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0338009 90 90 3.5 86 30 46 88 128 0.340 15 120 360 1015x800x1200
VS0338011 110 100 4.3 113 30 65 89 144 0.470 10 80 240 1015x800x1200
233
DE
DG Threaded joint with brass threaded union
H
H1
S
D
COD. D DG S DE H H1 kg HxLxP
VS0387001 40 1/2” 3 60 81 74 0.180 10 200 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0387003 40 3/4” 3 60 84 74 0.240 10 200 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0387007 50 1/2” 3 71 92 76 0.150 5 100 800 1010x800x1200
VS0387009 50 3/4” 3 71 95 76 0.185 5 100 800 1010x800x1200
VS0387011 50 1” 3 71 95 76 0.245 5 100 800 1010x800x1200
D/DN Nut
L2
RG
DE
COD. D DN RG DE L2 kg HxLxP
VS0338840 40 40 52 60 34 0.025 10 200 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0338850 50 50 62 70 33 0.030 10 200 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0338856 56 56 71 80 34 0.050 10 200 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0338863 63 60 76 85 43 0.060 10 200 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0338875 75 70 96 109 45 0.100 10 80 800 1130x800x1200
VS0338890 90 80 112 128 46 0.145 10 80 480 1060x800x1200
VS0338811 110 100 132 144 65 0.210 10 80 480 1060x800x1200
G Brass nut
DE
COD. G DE H kg
VS0703114 1”1/4 Key 45 15 0.055 10
VS0703121 1”1/2 Key 45 15 0.070 10
234
Threaded pipe end
L3
L1
D/DN S
COD. D DN S L1 L3 kg HxLxP
VS0340340 40 40 3 30 66 0.025 10 200 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0340350 50 50 3 30 66 0.030 10 200 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0340356 56 56 3 30 66 0.025 10 200 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0340363 63 60 3 30 66 0.040 10 200 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0340365 75 70 3 30 87 0.095 15 120 720 1060x800x1200
VS0340375 90 90 3.5 30 88 0.085 10 80 480 1060x800x1200
VS0340310 110 100 4.3 30 89 0.170 10 80 400 1180x800x1200
For codes VS0338001-VS0338003-VS0338004-VS0338005-VS0338006-VS0338007-VS0338009-VS0338011-VS0340001-VS0340003-VS0340004-
VS0340005-VS0340007-VS0340009-VS0340011.
D/DN
Ring
S
COD. D DN S kg
VS0338041 40 40 4 0.001 10
VS0338051 50 50 3 0.001 10
VS0338058 56 56 4 0.002 10
VS0338065 63 60 4 0.002 10
VS0338076 75 70 4 0.004 10
VS0338091 90 90 3 0.002 10
VS0338111 110 100 4 0.006 10
VS0340005-VS0340007-VS0340009-VS0340011.
D/DN
Rubber seal
S
COD. D DN S kg
VS0338040 40 40 6 0.0040 10
VS0338050 50 50 6 0.0040 10
VS0338056 56 56 6 0.0050 10
VS0338063 63 60 7 0.006 10
VS0338075 75 70 10 0.020 10
VS0338090 90 90 7 0.010 10
VS0338110 110 A 100 10 0.025 10
VS0338121 110 B 100 5 0.015 10
Low type for code VS0340111.
VS0340005-VS0340007-VS0340009-VS0340011.
235
End cap with seal
L2
RG
DE
COD. D/DN RG DE L2 kg
VS0340840 40/40 57 60 34 0.030 20 400 3200
VS0340850 50/50 63 70 33 0.035 10 200 1600
VS0340856 56/56 71 80 34 0.075 10 200 1600
VS0340863 63/60 77 85 43 0.085 10 200 1600
VS0340875 75/70 97 109 45 0.160 10 80 800
VS0340890 90/90 113 128 46 0.215 10 80 480
VS0340811 110/100 132 144 65 0.300 10 80 480
For codes VS0340001-VS0340003-VS0340004-VS0340005-VS0340007-VS0340009-VS0340011.
Short end cap with seal

L2
RG
DE
COD. D/DN RG DE L2 kg HxLxP

VS0340210 110/100 132 149 33 0.215 10 80 800 1130x800x1200
For code VS0340111.
DE
DI
Flat rubber seal
S
COD. G S DE DI kg
VS0703024 1”1/4 2.4 38 30 0.015 10
VS0703021 1”1/2 2.4 45 36 0.020 10
DE
Flat fibre seal
DI S
COD. G S DE DI kg
VS0703029 1”1/4 2.4 38 30 0.015 10
VS0703027 1”1/2 2.4 45 36 0.020 10
236
DE HDPE adaptor with reinforced female thread and steel ring
DG
H
DU S
COD. DU DG S DE H kg HxLxP
VS0384001 40 1/2” 3 40.5 55 0.065 20 400 3200 1010x800x1200
VS0384003 40 3/4” 3 40.5 55 0.060 20 400 3200 1010x800x1200
VS0384005 40 1” 3 40.5 55 0.060 20 400 3200 1010x800x1200
VS0384007 50 1/2” 3 50 60 0.075 20 400 3200 1010x800x1200
VS0384009 50 3/4” 3 50 60 0.075 20 400 3200 1010x800x1200
VS0384011 50 1” 3 50 60 0.075 20 400 3200 1010x800x1200
VS0384013 50 1”1/4 3 50 60 0.070 10 200 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0384015 50 1”1/2 3 58.5 60 0.070 10 200 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0384017 56 2” 3 70 65 0.100 10 200 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0384019 63 2” 3 70 65 0.105 5 100 800 1010x800x1200
VS0384021 75 2”1/2 3 89 70 0.135 5 100 800 1010x800x1200
DG HDPE adaptor with reinforced male thread and steel ring

DI
H
S
DU
COD. DU DG S DI H kg HxLxP
VS0385013 50 1”1/4 3 29 60 0.055 10 200 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0385015 50 1”1/2 3 29 60 0.065 10 200 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0385017 56 2” 3 47 65 0.090 10 200 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0385019 63 2” 3 47 65 0.095 10 200 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0385021 75 2”1/2 3 57 70 0.125 5 100 800 1010x800x1200
Blank end
L
S
D/DN
COD. D DN S L kg HxLxP
VS0342001 32 30 3 5 0.002 100 2000 16000 1010x800x1200
VS0342003 40 40 3 10 0.010 100 2000 16000 1010x800x1200
VS0342005 50 50 3 10 0.010 50 1000 8000 1010x800x1200
VS0342006 56 56 3 10 0.010 50 1000 8000 1010x800x1200
VS0342007 63 60 3 10 0.015 50 1000 8000 1010x800x1200
VS0342009 75 70 3 10 0.020 30 600 4800 1010x800x1200
VS0342011 90 90 3.5 10 0.030 20 400 3200 1010x800x1200
VS0342013
VS0342015
110
125
100
125
4.3
4.9
10
10
0.050
0.070
40
30
320
240
1920
1440
1060x800x1200
1060x800x1200
9
237
HIGH TYPE
COD. D DN S L kg HxLxP
VS0342017 160 150 6.9 73 0.300 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0342019 200 200 7.3 110 0.570 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0342021 250 250 8.2 94 0.820 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0342023 315 300 10.8 117 1.530 1 - - 930x800x1200
D1 Grey PP vent terminal
L
H
D2
D/DN
COD. D DN D1 D2 L H kg HxLxP
VS0394001 50 50 140 91 790 45 0.410 10 30 120 120x800x1200
VS0394003 75 70 200 121 720 52 0.575 5 15 60 120x800x1200
VS0394005 110 100 200 166 720 55 0.930 5 15 45 120x800x1200
L Air admittance valve D 50-75-110

H1
H
H2
D1
D2
D
COD. D D1 D2 L H H1 H2 HxLxP
VS0700400 110 75 50 140 184 120 64 5 40 160 1010x800x1200
D
D1 H
Flange for fixing to wall
G/M
COD. D G/M D1 H S kg
VS0398001 70 G 1/2” 50 15 4 0.120 100
VS0398003 70 M10 50 9 4 0.150 100
9
238
H M10 galvanized pipe clip with anchor, fixed or sliding point
D1
D2
L
L1
COD. D H L L1 D1 D2 kg
VS0395001 40 30 120 75 M10 14 0.230 50
VS0395003 50 30 120 75 M10 14 0.240 50
VS0395004 56 30 120 75 M10 14 0.255 50
VS0395005 63 30 120 75 M10 14 0.270 50
VS0395007 75 30 120 75 M10 14 0.280 25
VS0395009 90 30 120 75 M10 14 0.330 25
VS0395011 110 30 120 75 M10 14 0.345 25
VS0395013 125 30 120 75 M10 14 0.320 25
VS0395015 160 30 120 75 M10 14 0.435 25
The clip is equipped with a system that allows fixed and sliding point installations by simply rotating the lower part of the clip itself by 180°.
D1 G1/2” and G1” galvanized pipe clip, fixed or sliding point
COD. D D1 H
VS0396001 40 G1/2" 30 50
VS0396003 50 G1/2" 30 50
VS0396004 56 G1/2" 30 50
VS0396005 63 G1/2" 30 50
VS0396007 75 G1/2" 30 25
VS0396009 90 G1/2" 30 25
VS0396011 110 G1/2" 30 25
VS0396013 125 G1/2" 30 25
VS0396015 160 G1/2" 30 25
VS0396050 200 G1" 40 10
VS0396052 250 G1" 40 10
VS0396054 315 G1" 40 10
239
D1 M10 galvanized pipe clip, fixed or sliding point
COD. D D1 H
VS0396021 40 M10 30 50
VS0396023 50 M10 30 50
VS0396024 56 M10 30 50
VS0396025 63 M10 30 50
VS0396027 75 M10 30 25
VS0396029 90 M10 30 25
VS0396031 110 M10 30 25
VS0396033 125 M10 30 25
VS0396035 160 M10 30 25
L H1
L1 S Galvanised steel flange for fixing to wall
H
G
COD. L G L1 H H1 S kg
VS0398005 120 1” 90 40 48 4 0.250 25
L
Threaded rod
M
COD. M L (mm) kg
VS0408001 M10 1000 0.480 1
Strip in rolls for pipe clips
H H1
P
L
L1
COD. L (mm) L1 H H1 P (m) kg

VS0399001
9
30 34 4 2 50 5.015 1
240
Anti-vibration strip for pipe clips
H H1
L P
L1
COD. L (mm) L1 H H1 P (m) kg

VS0399222 30 36 9 3 30 6.110 1
Back flow preventing valve

L1
H2
D/DN L2 H1
COD. D DN L L1 L2 H1 H2 kg
VS0200111 110 100 305 190 220 290 75 1.390 1
VS0200113 125 125 315 190 220 290 85 1.480 1
VS0200115 160 150 375 210 255 220 95 2.705 1
VS0200117 200 200 450 170 240 240 123 3.050 1
Back flow preventing valve with single gate
L1
H
H2 H1
D/DN L2
COD. D DN L L1 L2 H H1 H2 kg
VS0200201 110 100 305 190 220 240-310 200 75 1.400 1
VS0200223 125 125 315 190 220 250-310 200 85 1.550 1
VS0200225 160 150 375 210 255 280-350 220 95 2.970 1
VS0200217 200 200 450 170 240 290-380 240 123 3.350 1
241
Back flow preventing valve with double gate
L1
H
H2
D/DN L2 H1
VS0200301 110 100 428 275 180 215-270 192 90 2.520 1
VS0200303 125 125 443 275 180 215-270 192 10 2.620 1
VS0200305 160 150 550 340 244 275-370 244 10 4.780 1
VS0200307 200 200 615 335 244 295-348 244 15 5.010 1
SPARES
DE
D
1-lip seal for back flow preventing valves
H
COD. D/DN DE H B kg
VS0391015 110/100 123.9 8.9 7.9 0.020 20
VS0391017 125/125 142.2 10.2 8.9 0.025 20
VS0391019 160/150 179.8 11.5 10.2 0.045 20
VS0391021 200/200 223.7 12.8 11.2 0.045 20
242
Welding plate with steel box
COD. For pipe D

VS0450001 40 ÷ 160 1
VS0450003 110 ÷300 1
SPARES
Repair kit for holes (D 40 ÷ 160)
COD.
VS0455050 1
Pipe cutter
COD. D Mod.
VS0458001 6 ÷ 64 T1 1
VS0458003 50 ÷ 140 T2 1
VS0458005 100 ÷ 168 T3 1
CATALOGUE / PEHD - EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES

SPARES
Spare blades
COD. D
VS0459001 6 ÷ 64 1
VS0459003 50 ÷ 168 1
243
Beveling tool
COD. D
VS0460001 32 ÷ 160 1
VS0446003 40 ÷ 315 1
SPARES
Spare blades
COD. D H L
VS0460110 32 ÷ 160 32 13 1 pair
VS0460111 40 ÷ 315 34 12 1 pair
7
9
244
Valsir universal electrofusion welding machine
COD. D
VS0464333 40 ÷ 315 1
VS0464331 © 40 ÷ 315 1
© Switzerland.
SPARES
Power cable for Switzerland
COD.
VS0464431 1
Universal power cable
COD.
VS0464433 1
Universal lead for plugs

COD.
VS0464435 1
Plugs
COD. D Colour
VS0464334 40 ÷ 160 Yellow A00 1
VS0464335 200 ÷ 315 Blue A01 1
VS0464336 200 ÷ 315 Red A02 1
VS0464337 40 ÷ 160 Green A03 1
245
MOD. MINI 160 JOYT
Portable butt-welding machine with special clamps for branches and bends
COD. D
VS0466004 40 ÷ 160 1
N.B. This item does not include reducers and side supports D 56.
MOD. VR 160 JOYT

Portable butt-welding machine with special clamps for branches and bends
COD. D
VS0468165 40 ÷ 160 1
N.B. This item does not include reducers and side supports D 56.
SPARES
Spare blades for shaving mill
COD. H L
VS0477510 75 12 1
For codes VS0466004-VS0468165.
Driving belt
COD.
7 VS0477550 1
9 For codes VS0466004-VS0468165.
246
Pipe lateral support reducing bracket
COD. D
VS0477303 40 1
VS0477305 50 1
VS0477306 56 1
VS0477307 63 1
VS0477309 75 1
VS0477311 90 1
VS0477313 110 1
VS0477315 125 1
Clamp reducer
COD. D Mod.
VS0477260 40 Inferior 1
VS0477270 40 Superior 1

Lateral support
COD.
VS478160 1
247
Valsir electrofusion welding machine
COD. D
VS0464001 40 ÷ 160 1
SPARES
Lead and plugs
COD.
VS464222 1
Pipe scraper
COD.
VS0465333 1
Steel cup miller

COD. D Connections
VS0465001 33 40 1
VS0465003 43 50 1
MOD. SUPER
Portable butt welding machine
COD. D Mod.
VS0470001 75 ÷ 250 Super 1
7
9
248
SPARES
Spare blades
COD. Mod. H L
VS0477525 Super 130 15 1
Driving belt
COD. Mod.
VS0477520 Super 1
MOD. MAXI
Welding machine with carriage
COD. Mod. D
VS0470005 Maxi 90 ÷ 315 1
SPARES

Spare blades
COD. Mod. H L
VS0477535 Maxi 160 20 1
Driving belt
COD. Mod.
VS0477540 Maxi 1
9
249
Left and right clamps kit for branch welding
COD. D
VS0471001 40 1
VS0471003 50 1
VS0471005 63 1
VS0471007 75 1
VS0471009 90 1
VS0471011 110 1
Sell out.
For old versions MINI, MEC, MAXI.
Chamfering knife
COD.
VS0473001 1 (12 pcs)
Permanent pens
COD.
VS0474001 1 (12 pcs)
Hot air blower

COD. Watt
VS0476001 700 1
HDPE strip for welding
COD. L (mm) mm
VS0477001 1000 5.5x3 1 (2 kg)
Lubricant
7
9 COD.
VS0900001
g
150 50
VS0900003 250 50
250
9.2 Push-fit flame retardant
polypropylene waste and drainage
system (PP)
Single socket pipe
D/DN
L
COD. D DN L (mm) kg HxLxP

VS0500001 32 30 150 0.040 30 240 1440 970x800x1200
VS0500003 32 30 250 0.055 30 240 1440 970x800x1200
VS0500005 32 30 500 0.100 30 180 900 905x800x1200
VS0500007 32 30 750 0.145 30 - - -
VS0500009 32 30 1000 0.200 30 - - -
VS0500011 32 30 1500 0.280 30 - - -
VS0500013 32 30 2000 0.345 30 - - -
VS0500015 32 30 3000 0.535 30 - - -
VS0500021 40 40 150 0.050 30 240 1200 1030x800x1200
VS0500023 40 40 250 0.075 30 240 960 1010x800x1200
VS0500025 40 40 500 0.125 50 200 600 970x800x1200
VS0500027 40 40 750 0.180 30 120 360 880x800x1200
VS0500029 40 40 1000 0.235 30 - - -
VS0500031 40 40 1500 0.340 30 - - -
VS0500033 40 40 2000 0.445 30 - - -
VS0500035 40 40 3000 0.645 30 - - -
VS0500041 50 50 150 0.060 30 240 960 1010x800x1200
VS0500043 50 50 250 0.090 30 240 720 1015x800x1200
VS0500045 50 50 500 0.160 35 140 420 970x800x1200
VS0500047 50 50 750 0.230 30 - - -
VS0500049 50 50 1000 0.300 30 - - -
VS0500051 50 50 1500 0.440 30 - - -
VS0500053 50 50 2000 0.560 30 - - -
VS0500055 50 50 3000 0.850 30 - - -
VS0500061 75 70 150 0.105 30 240 480 1050x800x1200
VS0500063 75 70 250 0.150 20 160 320 1050x800x1200
VS0500065 75 70 500 0.260 20 80 240 1075x800x1200
VS0500067 75 70 750 0.370 25 - - -
VS0500069 75 70 1000 0.465 25 - - -
VS0500071 75 70 1500 0.685 25 - - -
VS0500073 75 70 2000 0.955 25 - - -
VS0500075 75 70 3000 1.380 25 - - -
VS0599001 90 90 150 0.160 24 96 384 1050x800x1200
VS0599003 90 90 250 0.215 24 96 288 1165x800x1200
VS0599005 90 90 500 0.345 24 96 192 1300x800x1200
CATALOGUE / PP - RANGE
VS0599009 90 90 1000 0.700 20 - - -

VS0599011 90 90 1500 1.030 20 - - -
VS0599013 90 90 2000 1.280 20 - - -
VS0599015 90 90 3000 1.940 20 - - -
VS0500081 110 100 150 0.235 15 60 240 1050x800x1200
VS0500083 110 100 250 0.325 15 60 180 1165x800x1200
VS0500085 110 100 500 0.535 15 60 120 1300x800x1200
VS0500087 110 100 750 0.780 15 - - -
VS0500089 110 100 1000 1.105 15 - - -
VS0500091 110 100 1500 1.515 15 - - -
VS0500093
9
110 100 2000 1.900 15 - - -
VS0500095 110 100 3000 2.855 15 - - -
VS0500101 125 125 150 0.305 10 80 160 1050x800x1200
252
VS0500103 125 125 250 0.625 10 40 120 1165x800x1200
VS0500105 125 125 500 0.735 6 48 96 1340x800x1200
VS0500107 125 125 750 1.025 8 - - -
VS0500109 125 125 1000 1.315 10 - - -
VS0500111 125 125 1500 1.850 10 - - -
VS0500113 125 125 2000 2.490 10 - - -
VS0500115 125 125 3000 3.670 10 - - 930x800x1200
VS0500121 160 150 150 0.485 10 - - 930x800x1200
VS0500123 160 150 250 0.695 10 - - 930x800x1200
VS0500125 160 150 500 1.155 10 - - -
VS0500129 160 150 1000 2.105 10 - - -
VS0500131 160 150 1500 3.005 10 - - -
VS0500133 160 150 2000 3.030 10 - - -
VS0500135 160 150 3000 5.980 10 - - -
Plain end pipe

D/DN
COD. D DN L kg
VS0500019 32 30 5000 0.860 50
VS0500039 40 40 5000 1.055 50
VS0500059 50 50 5000 1.370 50
VS0500079 75 70 5000 2.175 30
VS0599019 90 90 5000 2.880 20
VS0500099 110 100 5000 4.415 15
VS0500119 125 125 5000 5.930 10
Double socket pipe

D/DN

VS0502001 32 30 500 0.115 30 180 720 1030x800x1200
VS0502002 32 30 750 0.150 30 - - -
VS0502003 32 30 1000 0.190 30 - - -
VS0502004 32 30 1500 0.265 30 - - -

VS0502005 32 30 2000 0.385 30 - - -
VS0502007 32 30 3000 0.525 30 - - -
VS0502013 40 40 500 0.155 35 140 420 925x800x1200
VS0502014 40 40 750 0.210 30 - - -
VS0502015 40 40 1000 0.260 30 - - -
VS0502016 40 40 1500 0.370 30 - - -
VS0502017 40 40 2000 0.470 30 - - -
VS0502019 40 40 3000 0.690 30 - - -
VS0502025 50 50 500 0.195 25 100 300 925x800x1200
VS0502026 50 50 750 0.260 20 - - -
VS0502027 50 50 1000 0.320 20 - - - 9
VS0502028 50 50 1500 0.465 20 - - -
VS0502029 50 50 2000 0.595 20 - - -
253
VS0502031 50 50 3000 0.875 20 - - -
VS0502037 75 70 500 0.295 10 - - -
VS0502038 75 70 750 0.400 10 - - -
VS0502039 75 70 1000 0.535 10 - - -
VS0502040 75 70 1500 0.715 10 - - -
VS0502041 75 70 2000 0.950 10 - - -
VS0502043 75 70 3000 1.435 10 - - -
VS0599027 90 90 500 0.416 8 80 240 2002x800x1200
VS0599029 90 90 1000 0.700 10 - - -
VS0599033 90 90 2000 1.280 10 - - -
VS0599035 90 90 3000 1.860 10 - - -
VS0502049 110 100 500 0.645 12 48 96 1420x800x1200
VS0502050 110 100 750 0.860 10 - - -
VS0502051 110 100 1000 1.135 10 - - -
VS0502052 110 100 1500 1.590 10 - - -
VS0502053 110 100 2000 2.040 10 - - -
VS0502055 110 100 3000 2.845 10 - - -
VS0502061 125 125 500 0.840 6 48 96 1480x800x1200
VS0502063 125 125 1000 1.435 8 - - -
VS0502064 125 125 1500 1.955 8 - - -
VS0502065 125 125 2000 2.675 8 - - -
VS0502067 125 125 3000 3.855 8 - - -
15° bend
L2
Z2
15°
Z1
L1
D/DN
COD. D DN Z1 L1 Z2 L2 kg HxLxP
VS0504001 32 30 5 48 3 45 0.020 80 640 3840 970x800x1200
VS0504013 40 40 6 51 8 53 0.030 50 400 1600 850x800x1200
VS0504025 50 50 1 51 9 50 0.040 30 240 960 850x800x1200
VS0504037 75 70 10 54 11 54 0.065 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0599041 90 90 8 58 12 57 0.104 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0504049 110 100 14 63 14 60 0.165 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0504061 125 125 15 69 15 72 0.225 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0504073 160 150 35 79 19 44 0.450 10 40 80 940x800x1200
254
30° bend
L2
Z2
30°
L1 Z1
D/D
N
VS0504003 32 30 7 48 5 45 0.020 80 640 3840 970x800x1200
VS0504015 40 40 9 51 11 53 0.035 50 400 1600 850x800x1200
VS0504027 50 50 10 52 12 51 0.040 30 240 960 850x800x1200
VS0504039 75 70 11 55 15 54 0.070 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0599043 90 90 14 58 17.5 57 0.113 20 160 320 1050x800x1200
VS0504051 110 100 20 63 21 65 0.175 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0504063 125 125 24 69 23 73 0.245 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0504075 160 150 25 79 30 82 0.490 10 40 80 940x800x1200
45° bend
L2
Z2
45°
Z1
D/
DN
L1
VS0504005 32 30 5 53 8 45 0.020 80 640 2560 850x800x1200
VS0504017 40 40 9 51 14 53 0.035 50 400 1600 850x800x1200
VS0504029 50 50 12 52 16 51 0.045 30 240 960 850x800x1200
VS0504041 75 70 20 55 21 54 0.075 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0599045 90 90 22 58 25 57 0.130 20 80 240 853x800x1200
VS0504053 110 100 30 63 29 61 0.185 20 80 240 1039x800x1200
VS0504065 125 125 33 69 33 72 0.265 15 60 120 940x800x1200
VS0504077 160 150 42 79 42 85 0.545 10 40 80 940x800x1200
67°30’ bend
Z2L2
67°30’
D/D
Z1
N
L1
VS0504007 32 30 9 53 20 45 0.025 60 480 2880 970x800x1200
VS0504019 40 40 16 51 20 53 0.035 50 400 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0504031 50 50 20 51 23 51 0.045 30 240 960 850x800x1200
VS0504043 75 70 30 54 31 54 0.080 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0599047 90 90 32 58 36 57 0.134 20 80 240 853x800x1200
VS0504055 110 100 44 63 44 65 0.215 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0504067 125 125 49 69 50 72 0.300 15 60 120 940x800x1200
255
80° bend
L2
Z2
D/DN
80°
L1 Z1
VS0504009 32 30 12 53 24 45 0.025 60 480 2880 970x800x1200
VS0504021 40 40 19 51 24 52 0.035 50 400 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0504033 50 50 23 52 28 50 0.045 30 240 960 850x800x1200
VS0504045 75 70 36 55 38 54 0.085 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0504057 110 100 50 63 54 64 0.225 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0504069 125 125 63 69 62 73 0.315 15 60 120 940x800x1200
87°30’ bend
L2
Z2
D/DN
87°30’
L1 Z1
VS0504011 32 30 12 53 26 45 0.025 60 480 2880 970x800x1200
VS0504023 40 40 23 51 26 53 0.040 50 400 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0504035 50 50 30 52 31 57 0.050 30 240 960 850x800x1200
VS0504047 75 70 40 55 43 55 0.090 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0599051 90 90 48 58 51 57 0.150 20 80 240 853x800x1200
VS0504059 110 100 57 63 61 66 0.230 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0504071 125 125 71 69 70 72 0.325 10 40 120 1039x800x1200
VS0504083 160 150 87 79 89 85 0.625 10 40 80 1300x800x1200
45° equal branch

D1
/D
L3
N1
45°
Z3
L2
L1 Z1
Z2
D/DN
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 Z1 Z2 Z3 L1 L2 L3 kg HxLxP

VS0508001 32/32 30/30 10 49 49 51 60 60 0.040 40 320 1280 850x800x1200

VS0508007 40/40 40/40 10 49 49 50 60 60 0.065 20 160 640 850x800x1200
VS0508013 50/50 50/50 12 61 61 53 55 54 0.080 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0508019 75/75 70/70 18 91 91 57 54 54 0.155 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0599061 90/90 90/90 22 110 110 58 57 57 0.270 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0508025 110/110 100/100 25 134 134 64 63 63 0.385 15 60 120 1150x800x1200
VS0508031 125/125 125/125 28 152 152 69 68 69 0.550 10 40 80 1300x800x1200
VS0508037 160/160 150/150 36 194 194 94 87 86 1.235 1 - - 930x800x1200
256
67°30’ equal branch
L3
D 1/D
67
°3
N1
0’
Z3
Z1
L2
Z2
L1
D/DN

VS0508003 32/32 30/30 16 25 33 38 50 50 0.040 40 320 1280 850x800x1200
VS0508009 40/40 40/40 16 33 33 62 60 60 0.065 20 160 640 850x800x1200
VS0508015 50/50 50/50 20 41 41 53 50 50 0.075 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0508021 75/75 70/70 28 61 59 57 54 54 0.130 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0508027 110/110 100/100 40 86 86 68 65 65 0.330 20 80 160 1300x800x1200
VS0508033 125/125 125/125 46 150 97 123 66 66 0.605 5 20 60 1039x800x1200
VS0508039 160/160 150/150 58 165 123 155 85 85 1.252 1 - - 930x800x1200
87°30’ equal branch

L3
87
°3
Z3
0’
D1/DN1
Z1
Z2 L2
L1
D/DN

VS0508005 32/32 30/30 23 18 25 37 50 50 0.040 40 320 1280 850x800x1200
VS0508011 40/40 40/40 23 25 25 64 60 59 0.065 20 160 640 850x800x1200
VS0508017 50/50 50/50 28 32 30 54 49 49 0.070 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0508023 75/75 70/70 40 25 43 59 54 55 0.125 20 80 240 853x800x1200
VS0599065 90/90 90/90 48 52 52 58 57 57 0.250 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0508029 110/110 100/100 57 60 62 62 65 65 0.320 20 80 160 1150x800x1200
VS0508035 125/125 125/125 65 69 70 68 68 68 0.600 10 40 80 940x800x1200
VS0508041 160/160 150/150 83 150 89 160 87 87 1.260 4 16 32 940x800x1200
45° reducing branch

D2
/D
N2
L3
Z3
45°
L2
Z1
Z2
L1
D1/DN1

VS0510001 40/32 40/30 10 45 49 41 52 46 0.050 40 320 1280 1010x800x1200
VS0510007 50/40 50/40 5 56 54 53 57 54 0.070 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0510013 75/40 70/40 -7 73 67 55 51 59 0.110 25 100 300 853x800x1200
VS0510019 75/50 70/50 -1 80 74 58 54 54 0.115 25 100 300 970x800x1200
VS0599071 90/40 90/40 15 85 60 48 51.5 57 0.125 20 80 240 853x800x1200
VS0599073 90/50 90/50 -7 90.5 82 58 49.5 57 0.170 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0510025 110/40 100/40 -24 101 84 55 51 63 0.220 20 80 160 940x800x1200 9
VS0510031 110/50 100/50 -17 98 91 47 49 63 0.250 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0510037 110/75 100/70 1 120 109 63 55 65 0.280 15 60 120 940x800x1200
257
VS0599089 110/90 100/90 9.3 124.4 118.5 61.7 57.6 60.5 0.304 10 40 120 970x800x1200
VS0510043 125/50 125/50 -24 114 99 80 54 72 0.354 10 40 120 970x800x1200
VS0510049 125/110 125/100 18 137 141 89 69 69 0.505 8 32 64 940x800x1200
VS0510061 160/110 150/100 1 171 159 99 70 82 0.795 5 20 40 940x800x1200
VS0510067 160/125 150/125 12 180 169 105 79 85 0.970 5 20 40 940x800x1200
Welded.

L3
D2/D
N2
Z3
Z1
L2
Z2
L1
D1/DN1
COD. D1/D2 DN1/DN2 Z1 Z2 Z3 L1 L2 L3 kg HxLxP

VS0510003 40/32 40/30 16 32 33 40 46 51 0.047 40 320 1280 1010x800x1200
VS0510009 50/40 50/40 14 40 35 52 50 50 0.068 25 200 800 1010x800x1200
VS0510015 75/40 70/40 9 53 40 52 50 54 0.105 25 100 300 853x800x1200
VS0510021 75/50 70/50 14 56 46 58 50 54 0.105 25 100 300 970x800x1200
VS0510027 110/40 100/40 3 78 48 79 72 65 0.245 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0510033 110/50 100/50 8 78 54 67 51 65 0.235 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0510039 110/75 100/70 22 81 67 68 54 66 0.250 15 60 120 940x800x1200
VS0510045 125/50 125/50 6 80 57 90 54 72 0.352 10 40 120 1039x800x1200
VS0510051 125/110 125/100 38 100 89 78 71 75 0.465 8 32 64 940x800x1200
VS0510063 160/110 150/100 31 112 96 102 74 84 0.730 5 20 40 940x800x1200
VS0510069 160/125 150/125 39 136 104 141 76 86 0.945 5 20 40 940x800x1200
Welded.

L3
D2/DN2
Z3
87˚30'
Z1
L1
Z2 L2
D1/DN1
COD. D1/D2 DN1/DN2 Z1 Z2 Z3 L1 L2 L3 kg HxLxP

VS0510005 40/32 40/30 23 23 25 33 51 51 0.050 40 320 1280 1010x800x1200
VS0510011 50/40 50/40 23 30 25 54 50 50 0.065 25 200 800 1010x800x1200

VS0510017 75/40 70/40 22 45 26 52 50 54 0.105 25 100 300 853x800x1200
VS0510023 75/50 70/50 27 25 31 58 50 54 0.105 25 100 300 853x800x1200
VS0599075 90/40 90/40 23 50.5 27 58 51 57 0.135 20 80 240 853x800x1200
VS0599077 90/50 90/50 28 50 32 58 49.5 57 0.152 20 80 240 853x800x1200
VS0510029 110/40 100/40 23 60 27 60 51 65 0.105 20 80 240 1039x800x1200
VS0510035 110/50 100/50 28 62 32 60 50 64 0.230 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0510041 110/75 100/70 40 61 45 61 55 65 0.240 15 60 120 940x800x1200
VS0599091 110/90 100/90 40.7 62.4 51.5 62.3 57.5 60.5 0.248 10 40 120 970x800x1200
VS0510047 125/50 125/50 28 67 33 90 54 72 0.348 10 40 120 1039x800x1200
9 VS0510053
VS0510065
125/110 125/100
160/110 150/100
58
58
70
86
63
64
83
99
63
72
68
84
0.425
0.710
8
5
32
20
96
40
1039x800x1200
940x800x1200
VS0510071 160/125 150/125 64 132 71 148 79 86 0.945 5 20 40 940x800x1200
Welded.
258
Corner branch
L3
N2
D 3/D
D2 /D
N3
Z3
L
L2
Z1
L4
Z2 Z4
90°
L1
D1/DN1
COD. D1/D2/D3 DN1/DN2/DN3 α Z1 Z2 Z3 Z4 L L1 L2 L3 L4 kg HxLxP

VS0512001 110/110/110 110/110/110 67°30’ 40 86 86 86 248 62 60 60 60 0.440 5 20 60 1039x800x1200
VS0512003 110/50/110 110/50/110 67°30’ 40 86 86 84 260 68 65 65 51 0.360 5 20 60 970x800x1200
VS0512005 110/110/50 110/110/50 67°30’ 40 84 86 86 260 68 51 65 65 0.360 5 20 60 970x800x1200
VS0512007 110/50/50 110/50/50 67°30’ 8 78 54 78 195 67 51 65 51 0.240 10 40 120 853x800x1200
VS0512033 110/50/110 110/50/110 87°30’ 59 52.5 63.5 63.5 252 70 49.5 59.5 59.5 0.400 10 40 80 940x800x1200
VS0512035 110/110/50 110/110/50 87°30’ 59 63.5 63.5 52.5 252 70 59.5 59.5 49.5 0.400 10 40 80 940x800x1200
D3/DN3 87°30’ corner branch

L3
Z3
D2/DN2
D2/DN2
90
° 90°
L
Z1
L2 Z2 Z4 L4
L1
D3/DN3 D1/DN1
COD. D1/D2/D3 DN1/DN2/DN3 α Z1 Z2 Z3 Z4 L L1 L2 L3 L4 kg HxLxP

VS0512037 110/110/50 110/110/50 87°30’ 59 52.5 63.5 52.5 252 70 49.5 59.5 49.5 0.430 10 40 80 940x800x1200
Double branch
L3
D 2/D
N2
D2 /D
Z3
N2
L2
L1 Z 1
L2
Z2 Z4
D1/DN1
COD. D1/D2 DN1/DN2 α Z1 Z2 Z3 L L1 L2 L3 kg HxLxP

VS0506001 50/50 50/50 67°30’ 20 40 41 172 55 53 53 0.135 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0506005 75/75 70/70 67°30’ 28 59 59 206 64 55 55 0.180 10 40 120 853x800x1200
VS0599085 90/40 90/40 45° 15 85 85 175 58 51.5 57 0.162 15 60 180 853x800x1200
VS0599087 90/50 90/50 45° 7 90.5 90.5 190 58 49.5 57 0.193 15 60 180 970x800x1200
VS0506010 110/40 100/40 45° 26 104 90.5 197 72 50 60.5 0.263 10 40 120 853x800x1200
VS0506008 110/50 100/50 45° 16 110 91 197 46 50 58 0.272 10 40 120 853x800x1200
VS0506009 110/50 100/50 67°30’ 8 78 54 189 63 50 62 0.230 10 40 120 853x800x1200
VS0506011 110/50 100/50 67°30’ 28 60 32 184 60 55 65 0.235 10 40 120 853x800x1200
VS0506013 110/110 100/100 67°30’ 40 86 86 254 62 63 65 0.430 5 20 60 970x800x1200
VS0506015 110/110 100/100 67°30’ 38 84 86 254 62 63 65 0.430 5 20 60 970x800x1200
259
L
L1 L2 L3 L4
Ventilation branch
H3
X1 X2 X3
D2
D1
D3
H
H2
D5
D4
D6
X4 X5 X6
H1
D/DN
COD. D DN D1/D2/D3 D4/D5/D6 L L1 L2 L3 L4 H H1 H2 H3

VS0573X1X2X3X4X5X6 110 100 110 75 330 150 130 50 310 760 230 170 360
X=0 if the inlet has no socket, X=1 if the socket is welded to the inlet.
A minimum quantity per order is foreseen.
H
Access pipe
L2
Z3
Dc
Z1
L1
D/DN
COD. D DN Z1 Z3 L1 L2 Dc H kg HxLxP
VS0516003 50 50 28 30 82 54 90 60 0.110 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0516005 75 70 40 43 58 54 88 80 0.195 20 80 240 853x800x1200
VS0599151 90 90 49 52 58 57 118 85 0.290 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0516007 110 100 57 62 61 67 115 100 0.375 15 60 120 940x800x1200
VS0516009 125 125 58 63 67 69 148 105 0.590 10 40 80 940x800x1200
VS0516011 160 150 58 64 93 83 130 105 0.800 5 20 40 940x800x1200
D2/DN2
Reducing sleeve
L
L1
D/DN
COD. D/D2 DN/DN2 L L1 kg HxLxP

VS0513000 40/32 40/30 65 50 0.025 100 800 4800 970x800x1200
VS0513001 50/40 50/40 56 38 0.025 80 640 3200 1030x800x1200
VS0599135 90/75 90/70 76 61 0.064 20 160 640 850x800x1200
VS0599137 110/90 100/90 81.5 65 0.110 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
260
D2/DN2
Eccentric reducer
L2
Mod. A
L1
D/DN
D2/DN2
Z1 L2
Mod. B
L
L1
D/DN
COD. D/D2 DN/DN2 Z1 L L1 L2 Mod. kg HxLxP

VS0514001 40/32 40/30 12 98 41 44 B 0.020 50 400 2400 970x800x1200
VS0514002 50/32 50/30 15 98 38 44 B 0.025 40 320 1920 970x800x1200
VS0514003 50/40 50/40 13 125 51 58 B 0.040 50 400 1600 1010x800x1200
VS0514005 75/40 70/40 54 75 60 58 A 0.045 30 240 960 850x800x1200
VS0514007 75/50 70/50 50 75 59 58 A 0.050 30 240 960 850x800x1200
VS0599131 90/40 90/40 - 77 61 46.5 A 0.060 20 160 640 850x800x1200
VS0599133 90/50 90/50 - 76 61 45.5 A 0.076 20 160 640 850x800x1200
VS0514008 110/40 100/40 - 83 66 47 A 0.106 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0514009 110/50 100/50 50 82 66 54 A 0.100 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0514011 110/75 100/70 55 82 66 56 A 0.100 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0514013 125/75 125/70 55 85 70 55 A 0.135 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0514015 125/110 125/100 60 86 68 61 A 0.175 30 120 360 853x800x1200
VS0514017 160/110 150/100 80 173 97 81 B 0.355 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0514019 160/125 150/125 80 160 92 82 B 0.300 20 80 160 940x800x1200
D2/DN2
D1/DN1 Double reducer
L
Z1
L1
D/DN
COD. D/D1/D2 DN/DN1/DN2 Z1 L L1 kg HxLxP

VS0525001 110/40/32 100/40/30 30 60 42 0.090 15 120 720 970x800x1200
VS0525003 110/40/40 100/40/40 30 60 42 0.090 15 120 720 970x800x1200
VS0525005 125/40/50 125/40/50 30 67 57 0.135 10 80 480 970x800x1200
D2/DN2
Concentric increaser
L
L1
D/DN

VS0599161 90 110 133 61.5 0.13 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
261
D2/DN2
Eccentric increaser
L1
L
D/DN

VS0700033 40/50 40/50 99 48 0.034 30 240 1680 970x800x1200
VS0700034 32/40 30/40 95 50 0.026 30 240 1920 930x800x1200
VS0700039 50/75 50/70 101 50 0.048 20 160 1120 970x800x1200
L
L2 Bend for trap connection with grommet
D1/DN1
D2
Z1
L1
D/DN
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 Z1 L L1 L2 D2 kg HxLxP

VS0518003 32/46 24-32 23 50 51 27 24/32 0.050 40 320 1280 850x800x1200
VS0518007 40/46 24-32 23 50 51 30 24/32 0.055 40 320 1280 850x800x1200
VS0518009 40/46 36-40 23 50 51 30 36/40 0.045 40 320 1280 850x800x1200
VS0518013 40/53.5 24-32 28 52 52 27 24/32 0.060 20 160 960 970x800x1200
VS0518015 40/53.5 36-40 28 52 52 27 36/40 0.065 20 160 960 970x800x1200
VS0518017 50/53.5 24-32 28 52 52 28 24/32 0.060 20 160 960 970x800x1200
VS0518019 50/53.5 36-40 28 52 52 28 36/40 0.060 20 160 960 970x800x1200
VS0518021 50/60 46-55 28 52 52 28 46/55 0.060 20 160 960 970x800x1200
L
L2
L Bend for trap connection with cap, without grommet
L1
D1
Z1
L1
D/DN
COD. D/D1 DN Z1 L L1 L2 kg HxLxP

VS0518103 32/46 30 23 50 51 27 0.045 40 320 1280 850x800x1200

VS0518107 40/46 40 23 50 51 30 0.050 40 320 1280 850x800x1200
262
Back to back connector
L
L2 for trap with grommets
D1/DN1
D2
Z1
L1
D/DN

VS0519001 50/50 50/50 28 70 52 27 24-32 0.120 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0519003 50/50 50/50 28 70 52 28 36-40 0.090 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
L
L2 Extended bend for trap connection with grommet
D1/DN1
D2
Z1
L1
D/DN

VS0520002 32/46 30/40 36 50 124 28 24/32 0.070 20 160 960 970x800x1200
VS0520003 32/50 30/50 36 50 119 28 24/32 0.070 20 160 960 970x800x1200
VS0520004 40/46 40/40 36 50 124 28 24/32 0.075 20 160 640 850x800x1200
VS0520006 40/46 40/40 36 50 124 28 36/40 0.070 20 160 640 850x800x1200
VS0520007 40/50 40/50 36 53 119 32 24/32 0.075 20 160 640 850x800x1200
VS0520009 40/50 40/50 36 50 119 28 36/40 0.070 20 160 640 850x800x1200
L
L2 L Extended bend for trap connection with cap, without grommet
L1
D1
Z1
L1
D/DN
COD. D/D1 DN Z1 L L1 L2 kg HxLxP

VS0520102 32/46 30 36 50 124 28 0.065 20 160 960 970x800x1200
VS0520103 32/50 30 36 50 119 28 0.065 20 160 960 970x800x1200
VS0520104 40/46 40 36 50 124 28 0.070 20 160 960 970x800x1200
VS0520107 40/50 40 36 53 119 32 0.070 20 160 960 970x800x1200
263
D/DN
Reducing bend 40/50 1”1/4 with grommet
L2
Z2
D1/DN1
DE
D2
L1
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 α DE D2 Z2 L1 L2 kg HxLxP

VS0532001 46/40 40/40 87°30’ 50 24-32 54 77 28 0.070 20 160 960 970x800x1200
L1 L2 Straight fitting with grommet
D1/DN1
D/DN
D2
L
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 L L1 L2 D2 kg HxLxP

VS0522003 32/46 30/40 88 54 26 24-32 0.040 40 320 1920 970x800x1200
VS0522007 40/46 40/40 88 54 26 24-32 0.045 40 320 1280 850x800x1200
VS0522009 40/46 40/40 88 54 26 36-40 0.030 40 320 1920 970x800x1200
VS0522013 40/50 40/50 88 54 28 24-32 0.050 40 320 1280 850x800x1200
VS0522015 40/50 40/50 88 54 28 36-40 0.040 40 320 1280 850x800x1200
VS0522017 40/53.5 40/50 70 38 24 36-40 0.045 40 320 1280 850x800x1200
VS0522019 40/53.5 50/50 88 54 28 24-32 0.055 20 160 960 970x800x1200
VS0522021 40/53.5 50/50 88 54 26 36-40 0.055 20 160 960 970x800x1200
L1 L2
L1
L
Straight fitting with cap, without grommet
D/DN
COD. D/D1 DN L L1 L2 kg HxLxP

VS0522103 32/46 30 88 54 26 0.035 40 320 1920 970x800x1200
VS0522107 40/46 40 88 54 26 0.040 40 320 1920 970x800x1200
L
Rubber grommet
D1
D2
VS0334003 46 24-32 22 0.020 100 800 8000 1130x800x1200
VS0334005 46 36-40 22 0.010 150 1200 7200 1060x800x1200
VS0523009 50 24-32 22 0.025 30 600 4200 935x800x1200
VS0523011 50 36-40 22 0.020 30 600 4200 935x800x1200
9 VS0523015 53.5 24-32 22 0.030 30 600 4200 935x800x1200
VS0523017 53.5 36-40 22 0.025 30 600 4200 935x800x1200
VS0523019 60 46-55 24 0.020 30 600 4200 935x800x1200
264
L
L1
Cap for trap connection bend and straight fitting
D
VS0503222 46 55 30 10 0.010 40 800 5600 935x800x1200
VS0503224 50 60 35 12 0.015 40 800 5600 935x800x1200
Cap
D/DN L
COD. D DN L kg HxLxP
VS0524001 40 40 32 0.010 40 800 5600 935x800x1200
VS0524003 50 50 32 0.015 20 400 2800 935x800x1200
VS0524005 75 70 32 0.025 15 300 2100 935x800x1200
VS0599141 90 90 42 0.045 30 240 1440 970x800x1200
VS0524007 110 100 42 0.065 20 160 960 970x800x1200
VS0524009 125 125 51 0.100 10 80 480 970x800x1200
VS0524011 160 150 57 0.175 10 80 320 1010x800x1200
D/DN Sliding sleeve

L
VS0526000 32 30 85 0.025 60 480 2880 970x800x1200
VS0526001 40 40 108 0.040 30 240 1440 970x800x1200
VS0526003 50 50 108 0.045 30 240 1440 970x800x1200
VS0526005 75 70 120 0.075 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0599101 90 90 120 0.125 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0526007 110 100 136 0.170 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0526009 125 125 147 0.235 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0526011 160 150 204 0.475 10 40 80 940x800x1200
265
D/DN Bi-joint
L
COD. D DN L T kg HxLxP
VS0528000 32 30 85 2 0.025 60 480 2880 970x800x1200
VS0528001 40 40 108 2 0.040 30 240 1440 970x800x1200
VS0528003 50 50 108 2 0.050 30 240 1440 970x800x1200
VS0528005 75 70 120 2 0.075 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0599111 90 90 120 2 0.125 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0528007 110 100 136 3 0.170 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0528009 125 125 147 3 0.245 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0528011 160 150 210 28 0.490 10 40 80 940x800x1200
D/DN
Double depth socket
L2
L
L1
VS0530001 40 40 135 48 80 0.035 30 240 1440 970x800x1200
VS0530003 50 50 135 50 80 0.045 20 160 960 970x800x1200
VS0530005 75 70 150 53 90 0.075 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0599121 90 90 160 59 94 0.120 10 80 320 1010x800x1200
VS0530007 110 100 170 63 98 0.165 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0530009 125 125 190 70 108 0.240 10 40 120 853x800x1200
D/DN Triple depth socket

L2
L
L1
VS0531001 40 40 165 48 110 0.055 30 240 960 850x800x1200

VS0531003 50 50 165 50 110 0.050 20 160 960 970x800x1200
VS0531005 75 70 169 53 123 0.090 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0599123 90 90 196.5 58 123 0.147 10 80 320 1010x800x1200
VS0531007 110 100 205 63 135 0.195 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0531009 125 125 220 70 145 0.280 10 40 120 853x800x1200
266
D/DN Quadruple depth socket
L2
L
L1
VS0531013 40 40 224 48 170 0.055 20 160 960 970x800x1200
VS0531015 50 50 225 50 170 0.070 20 160 640 850x800x1200
VS0599125 90 90 253 58 150 0.172 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0531011 110 100 245 63 175 0.250 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0531019 125 125 260 70 183 0.320 10 40 120 1039x800x1200
White WC bend with seal and cap

D2
D2
D2
L1
L1
L1
D/DN
L
N L
L
D/D
DN
D/
COD. D DN α D2 L L1 kg HxLxP
VS0534001 110 100 90° 102±5 230 82 0.365 15 60 120 940x800x1200
VS0534003 110 100 45° 102±5 230 71 0.370 15 60 120 940x800x1200
VS0534005 110 100 22° 102±5 230 57 0.370 15 60 180 1039x800x1200
Mod. B
D2 White WC connector with seal
Mod. A
L1
D2
L1
L
L
D/DN D/DN
COD. D DN D2 L L1 Mod. kg HxLxP

VS0536001 110 100 102±5 230 34 A 0.305 20 80 160 940x800x1200

VS0536003 110 100 102±5 400 34 B 0.465 10 40 120 1039x800x1200
VS0536007 90 90 102±5 250 34 A 0.350 20 80 160 940x800x1200
D2
13 White eccentric WC connector with seal
L1
L
Z1
D/DN
9
COD. D DN D2 Z1 L L1 kg HxLxP
VS0536005 110 100 102±5 20 160 46 0.230 20 80 240 970x800x1200
267
DE Cap for WC bend
L
COD. D DE L kg HxLxP
VS0503115 100 124 30 0.035 20 160 960 970x800x1200
For codes VS0534001-VS0534003-VS0534005-VS0538001-VS0538003-VS0540001-VS0540003-VS0542001-VS0542003.
D White PP escutcheon for HTSK fitting
H
D1
COD. D D1 H kg HxLxP
VS0588003 90 145 35 0.035 20 160 960 970x800x1200
VS0588001 110 165 35 0.040 20 160 640 850x800x1200
L1 D2
White WC bend with left inlet, seal and cap
D1
/D
N1
Z1
L
L2
Z2
D/DN
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 α D2 Z1 Z2 L L1 L2 kg HxLxP

VS0538001 110/40 100/40 45° 102±5 171 120 230 82 50 0.390 10 40 80 940x800x1200
VS0538003 110/50 100/50 45° 102±5 186 125 235 82 52 0.395 10 40 80 940x800x1200
D2 L1
White WC bend with right inlet, seal and cap
N
1
/D
D
1
Z1
L
L2
Z2
D/DN

VS0540001 110/40 100/40 45° 102±5 171 120 230 82 50 0.390 10 40 120 1039x800x1200
VS0540003 110/50 100/50 45° 102±5 186 125 235 82 52 0.395 10 40 120 1039x800x1200
268
D2 L1
White WC bend with 4 inlets 110/40
Z1
L
L2
Z2
VS0541001 110/40 100/40 45° 102±5 180 120 312 185.5 50 0.500 5 20 40 940x800x1200
D2 L1 White WC bend with 2 inlets, seal and cap

D1
/D
N
1
Z1
L
L2
Z2
D/DN

VS0542001 110/40 100/40 45° 102±5 171 120 230 82 50 0.420 10 40 80 940x800x1200
VS0542003 110/50 100/50 45° 102±5 186 125 235 82 52 0.430 10 40 80 940x800x1200
D2 Extended white WC bend with seal and cap

L1
D/DN
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 α D2 L L1 kg HxLxP

VS0543001 110 100 90° 102±5 230 180 0.450 10 40 80 940x800x1200
VS0599241 90 90 90° 102±5 230 176 0.380 15 60 120 940x800x1200
L1 D2
Extended white WC bend with left inlet, seal and cap
D1
/D
N1
Z1
L
L2
Z2
D/DN

VS0545001 110/40 100/40 45° 102±5 168 120 230 180 50 0.480 15 60 120 1300x800x1200
VS0545003 110/50 100/50 45° 102±5 175 119 230 180 52 0.480 15 60 120 1300x800x1200
269
D2 L1 Extended white WC bend with right inlet, seal and cap
1
N
/D
D1
Z1
L
L2
Z2
D/DN

VS0547001 110/40 100/40 45° 102±5 168 120 230 180 50 0.480 15 60 120 1300x800x1200
VS0547003 110/50 100/50 45° 102±5 175 119 230 180 52 0.480 15 60 120 1300x800x1200
D2 D1
L1 Extended white WC bend with 2 inlets, seal and cap
/D
N1
Z1
L
L2
Z2
D/DN

VS0549001 110/40 100/40 45° 102±5 168 120 230 180 50 0.500 10 40 80 1150x800x1200
VS0549003 110/50 100/50 45° 102±5 175 119 230 180 52 0.505 10 40 80 1300x800x1200
D2 L1
Extended and swiveling
white WC bend with seal and cap
1
N
/D
1
D
Z1
L
L2
Z2
D/DN

VS0599243 90/40 90/40 45° 102±5 190 85 230 172 51 0.460 10 40 80 940x800x1200
VS0599245 90/50 90/50 45° 102±5 190 90.5 240 172 49.5 0.465 10 40 80 940x800x1200
D2 L1 Extended and swiveling white WC bend

in 2 parts with 2 inlets, seal and cap
D1
/D
N1
Z1
L
L2
Z2
D/DN

VS0599247 90/40 90/40 45° 102±5 190 85 230 172 51.5 0.490 10 40 80 940x800x1200
9 VS0599249 90/50 90/50 45° 102±5 190 90.5 240 172 49.5 0.500 10 40 80 940x800x1200
270
Di Ring for securing joint
H
D
COD. D Di H kg HxLxP
VS0585001 120 110 25 0.020 20 160 960 970x800x1200
VS0599249.
DE
D1 Seal for WC extension bend
COD. DE D1 H kg HxLxP
VS0583001 120 102±5 25 0.05 20 160 1280 930x800x1200
For codes VS0534-VS0536-VS0538-VS0540-VS0542-VS0543-VS0545-VS0547-VS0549.
DE
D2
Seal for extended WC reducing bend
H
COD. DE D2 H kg HxLxP
VS0388003 120 102±5 23 0.085 20 160 960 1060x800x1200
L2 87°30’ bend with front inlet, with seal

L1
D/DN
D1/DN1
L3
Z1
L
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 α Z1 L L1 L2 L3 kg HxLxP

VS0551001 110/50 100/50 87°30’ 57 63 100 120 54 0.255 15 60 120 940x800x1200
L1 Grey bend with left inlet
67°
D 1/D
30’
N1
Z1
L
L1
Z2
D/DN
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 α Z1 Z2 L L1 L2 kg HxLxP

VS0552001 110/40 100/40 22°30’ 68 84 130 127 52 0.255 15 60 120 940x800x1200
VS0552003 110/50 100/50 22°30’ 66 80 130 127 54 0.255 15 60 120 940x800x1200 9
271
L1 Grey bend with right inlet
30’
67°
N1
D1 /D
Z1
L
L2
Z2
D/DN

VS0554001 110/40 100/40 22°30’ 68 84 130 127 52 0.255 15 60 120 940x800x1200
VS0554003 110/50 100/50 22°30’ 66 80 130 127 54 0.255 15 60 120 940x800x1200
L1 Grey bend with two inlets
0’ 67°
N1
°3 30
67
D1 /D
’ Z1
L
L2
Z2
D/DN

VS0556001 110/40 100/40 22°30’ 68 84 130 127 52 0.270 15 60 120 940x800x1200
VS0556003 110/50 100/50 22°30’ 66 80 130 127 54 0.285 15 60 120 940x800x1200
D2
L2 Trap for squatting toilet, horizontal outlet
D/DN
L
L1
COD. D DN α D2 L L1 L2 kg HxLxP
VS0533001 110 100 90° 102±5 210 210 340 0.860 5 20 60 970x800x1200
D2
L2
Trap for squatting toilet, 45° outlet
L1
L
DN
D/
COD. D DN α D2 L L1 L2 kg HxLxP
VS0533011 110 100 4 102±5 207 155 280 0.914 5 20 60 970x800x1200
272
2
D/G PP extension coupling with nut
L
D
COD. D Nut D/G L kg HxLxP

VS0700052 40 Brass 1”1/4 195 0.125 20 160 1280 930x800x1200
VS0700064 40 Brass 1”1/2 195 0.140 20 160 1280 930x800x1200
VS0700067 50 Brass 1”1/4 195 0.140 20 160 1120 970x800x1200
VS0700069 50 Brass 1”1/2 195 0.155 20 160 1120 970x800x1200
VS0700252 40 Plastic 1”1/4 195 0.070 20 160 1280 930x800x1200
VS0700264 40 Plastic 1”1/2 195 0.085 20 160 1120 970x800x1200
VS0700267 50 Plastic 1”1/4 195 0.085 20 160 1120 970x800x1200
VS0700269 50 Plastic 1”1/2 195 0.095 20 160 1120 970x800x1200
PVC reducer
D/DN
L2
L
L1
D1/DN1
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 Colour L L1 L2 kg HxLxP

VS0531333 125/110 125/100 Orange 300 85 200 0.460 10 40 120 970x800x1200
VS0531335 140/110 125/100 Brown 420 210 190 0.650 5 20 60 970x800x1200
VS0531337 150/125 150/125 Brown 420 210 190 0.750 5 20 60 1039x800x1200
D/DN PP fitting for connection to PVC

Mod. B
Mod. C
L2
D/DN
L2
Mod. A
D/DN
L
80
L1
L
L2
L1
L
80
L1
30
30
D1/DN1 D1/DN1
D1/DN1
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 L L1 L2 Mod. kg HxLxP

VS0564001 110/100 100/100 156 95 60 A 0.170 20 80 240 853x800x1200
VS0564003 110/100 100/100 367 265 100 B 0.380 15 60 120 940x800x1200
VS0564005 125/110 125/100 330 260 70 C 0.340 10 40 120 970x800x1200
VS0564080 110/110 100/100 156 95 60 A 0.300 20 80 240 853x800x1200
VS0564260 110/110 100/100 367 265 102 B 0.510 15 60 120 940x800x1200
273
Solvent weld adaptor for connection to PVC
D/DN
L2
L
L1
D1/DN1
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 L L1 L2 kg HxLxP

VS0564121 40/40 40/40 105 50 55 0.045 40 320 1920 970x800x1200
VS0564123 50/50 50/50 105 50 55 0.055 30 240 1140 970x800x1200
VS0564150 50/100 50/100 130 91 40 0.140 10 80 480 970x800x1200
VS0564075 75/75 70/70 144 87 58 0.190 15 120 480 850x800x1200
VS0564131 75/80 70/80 154 78 75 0.145 15 120 480 1010x800x1200
VS0564182 75/82 70/80 159 78 80 0.130 15 120 480 850x800x1200
VS0564175 75/100 70/100 156 77 77 0.185 10 80 480 970x800x1200
VS0564190 90/100 90/100 143 76 65 0.250 10 80 320 1010x800x1200
VS0564101 110/100 100/100 147 83 57 0.255 10 80 320 1010x800x1200
VS0564251 110/125 100/125 145 83 60 0.255 10 80 240 1015x800x1200
Di
Plain-ended adaptor with O-ring for connection to PP - PVC
25
D/DN
18
OR
COD. Di/D DN Material L kg HxLxP

VS0564110 100/110 100 PVC 70 0.130 1 930x800x1200
D/DN Female reducer PVC to PP, with ring seal

L2
L
L1
D1/DN1

VS0565001 100/110 100/100 138 69 63 0.135 20 80 240 853x800x1200
L
L2 L1 Double socket, connection to PVC and PP pipes
D1/DN1
D/DN

9 VS0565022 100/110 100/100 134 63 63 0.160 20 80 240 853x800x1200
274
D/DN PP bend with O-ring
Mod. A - PVC and solvent weld PVC for connection to PVC
L2
Z2
Z1
L1
D1 /DN
1
D/DN
Mod. B - PP
L2
18 25
Z2
D1/DN1
L1 Z1
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 α Mod. Z1 Z2 L1 L2 kg HxLxP

VS0566001 110/100 100/100 15° A 9 14 63 63 0.250 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0566003 110/100 100/100 30° A 17 21 59 70 0.260 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0566005 110/100 100/100 45° B 25 29 71 64 0.205 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0566007 110/100 100/100 67°30’ A 40 44 62 63 0.340 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0566009 110/100 100/100 87°30’ B 57 61 63 65 0.215 20 80 160 940x800x1200
D/DN
PP bend with O-ring for connection to PVC
18 25
L2
Z2
D1/DN1
L1 Z1
COD. D/D1 DN/DN1 α Z1 Z2 L1 L2 kg HxLxP

VS0566015 110/100 100/100 15° 9 14 73 63 0.369 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0566030 110/100 100/100 30° 17 21 65 59 0.395 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0566045 110/100 100/100 45° 25 29 71 71 0.340 20 80 240 1039x800x1200
VS0566067 110/100 100/100 67°30’ 40 44 78 62 0.475 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0566087 110/100 100/100 87°30’ 57 61 63 63 0.360 20 80 160 940x800x1200
D/DN L1
WC bend with O-ring and right inlet
30’
N2
67°
D2 /D
Z1
L
L2
Z2
D1/DN1
COD. D/D1/D2 DN/DN1/DN2 α Z1 Z2 L L1 L2 kg HxLxP

VS0567001 110/100/40 100/100/40 22°30’ 57 80 120 120 52 0.250 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0567003 110/100/50 100/100/50 22°30’ 57 80 120 120 54 0.260 20 80 160 940x800x1200
275
L1 D/DN
WC bend with O-ring and left inlet
67°
D 2/D
30’
N2
Z1
L
L2
Z2
D1/DN1

VS0567005 110/100/40 100/100/40 22°30’ 57 80 120 120 52 0.250 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0567007 110/100/50 100/100/50 22°30’ 57 80 120 120 54 0.260 20 80 160 940x800x1200
D/DN L1
WC bend with O-ring and two inlets
67°
D2/D
30’
N2
Z1
L
L2
Z2
D1/DN1

VS0567009 110/100/40 100/100/40 22°30’ 57 80 120 120 52 0.260 15 60 120 940x800x1200
VS0567011 110/100/50 100/100/50 22°30’ 57 80 120 120 54 0.265 15 60 120 940x800x1200
D2
Extended WC bend with seal and O-rings
L1
90
°
D/DN
COD. D DN α D2 L L1 kg HxLxP
VS0568001 100 100 90° 102±5 120 200 0.390 15 60 120 940x800x1200
L1 Extended reducing WC bend with right inlet

N1
D2
D1 /D
67°30’
Z1
L
L2
Z2
D/DN

VS0568003 100/40 100/40 22°30’ 102±5 57 62 120 200 52 0.395 10 40 80 940x800x1200
VS0568005 100/50 100/50 22°30’ 102±5 57 65 120 200 54 0.400 10 40 80 940x800x1200
276
L1
Extended reducing WC bend with left inlet
D 1/D
D2
67°30’
N1
Z1
L
L2
Z2
D/DN

VS0568007 100/40 100/40 22°30’ 102±5 57 62 120 200 52 0.395 10 40 80 940x800x1200
VS0568009 100/50 100/50 22°30’ 102±5 57 65 120 200 54 0.400 10 40 80 940x800x1200
L1 Extended reducing WC bend with two inlets

N1
D2
D1 /D
67°30’ Z1
L
L2
Z2
D/DN

VS0568011 100/40 100/40 22°30’ 102±5 57 62 120 200 52 0.410 10 40 80 940x800x1200
VS0568013 100/50 100/50 22°30’ 102±5 57 65 120 200 54 0.410 10 40 80 940x800x1200
D
O-ring seal for PVC adaptors
D
1
COD. D D1 kg
VS0392222 100 2.4 0.002 20
VS0564099 100 3.53 0.0039 20

VS0568005-VS0568007-VS0568009-VS0568011-VS0568013.
For codes VS0564080-VS0564260-VS0564110-VS0566015-VS0566030-VS0566045-VS0566067-VS0566087.
Mod. A
+Adaptor for cast iron with O-ring and seal
Mod. B
D1
L2
L
L1
D/DN
COD. D/D1 DN L L1 L2 HxLxP

VS0569001 50/72 50 151 55 56 20 160 960 970x800x1200
VS0569003 75/92 70 148 55 57 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0569005 110/124 100 160 60 60 20 80 240 859x800x1200
VS0569007 125/151 125 184 65 66 10 40 120 853x800x1200 9
277
D2
Seal and O-ring for HTUG
D3
Mod. A
D4
Mod. B
H
D5
D1
COD. D1 DN Mod. D2 D3 Mod. D4 D5 H kg HxLxP

VS0581005 72 50 A 48 10 B 52 48 18 0.035 20 400 2800 935x800x1200
VS0581007 92 70 A 67 10 B 70 67 18 0.050 20 400 2800 935x800x1200
VS0581011 124 100 A 116 10 B 106 96 18 0.070 20 160 1280 930x800x1200
VS0581013 151 125 A 144 12 B 126 128 18 0.100 5 100 700 935x800x1200
Brass sleeve with seal for connection to metal pipe
D
L2
L
L1
D1
COD. D D1 L L1 L2 kg HxLxP
VS0570001 32 32 61 26 33 0.065 40 800 5600 935x800x1200
VS0570002 40 32 59 28 25 0.040 40 800 5600 935x800x1200
VS0570003 40 40 55 25 25 0.040 40 800 5600 930x800x1200
VS0570005 50 50 40 10 26 0.065 20 400 2800 935x800x1200
Rubber grommet for connection to metal
COD. D1 (PP) D2 (Metal) L HxLxP

VS0559001 40 26-28 24 50 1000 7000 960x800x1050
VS0559003 40 30-32 25 50 1000 7000 960x800x1050
L2
“Firenze” trap
D/DN
D/DN
L
L1
L1
VS0533050 50 50 165 110 380 0.200 1 930x800x1050
VS0533075 75 70 215 135 420 0.355 1 930x800x1050
9 VS0533110
VS0533125
110
125
100
125
280
310
180
200
535
610
0.780
1.180
1
1
930x800x1050
930x800x1050
VS0533160 160 150 350 250 700 1.850 1 930x800x1200
278
DE
D 1-lip seal for sockets
H
B
COD. D/DN DN DE H B kg
VS0391001 32/30 30 40.5 6 4.9 0.002 50
VS0391003 40/40 40 51.4 7.8 6.5 0.005 50
VS0391005 50/50 50 61.4 7.8 6.5 0.005 50
VS0391007 56/50 50 67.5 7.8 6.5 0.010 50
VS0391009 63/50 50 74 7.8 6 0.010 20
VS0391011 75/70 70 86.6 7.8 6.5 0.010 20
VS0391222 100 100 114 9.3 8.2 0.020 20
VS0391013 90 80 103 8.9 7.5 0.015 20
VS0391015 110 100 123.9 8.9 7.9 0.020 20
VS0391017 125 125 142.2 10.2 8.9 0.025 20
VS0391019 160 150 179.8 11.5 10.2 0.045 20
DE Protection cap for socket

L
D/DN
VS0503000 32 30 14 0.005 100 2000 14000 935x800x1200
VS0503001 40 40 36 0.005 40 800 5600 935x800x1200
VS0503003 50 50 36 0.010 50 400 3200 930x800x1200
VS0503005 75 70 36 0.020 30 240 1920 930x800x1200
VS0503008 90 90 36 0.030 30 240 1440 970x800x1200
VS0503007 110 100 36 0.040 30 240 960 1010x800x1200
VS0503009 125 125 36 0.050 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0503011 160 150 36 0.055 10 80 480 970x800x1200
D1
Grey PP vent terminal
L
H
D2
D/DN
VS0394001 50 50 140 91 790 45 0.410 10 30 120 120x800x1200
VS0394003 75 70 200 121 720 52 0.575 5 15 60 120x800x1200
VS0394005 110 100 200 166 720 55 0.930 5 15 45 120x800x1200
279
H M10 galvanized pipe clip with anchor, fixed O-ring sliding point
D1
D2
L
L1
VS0395001 40 30 120 75 M10 14 0.230 50
VS0395003 50 30 120 75 M10 14 0.240 50
VS0395004 56 30 120 75 M10 14 0.255 50
VS0395005 63 30 120 75 M10 14 0.270 50
VS0395007 75 30 120 75 M10 14 0.280 25
VS0395009 90 30 120 75 M10 14 0.330 25
VS0395011 110 30 120 75 M10 14 0.345 25
VS0395013 125 30 120 75 M10 14 0.320 25
VS0395015 160 30 120 75 M10 14 0.435 25
D1
G1/2” and G1” galvanized pipe clip, fixed O-ring sliding point
COD. D D1 H
VS0396001 40 G 1/2" 30 50
VS0396003 50 G 1/2" 30 50
VS0396004 56 G 1/2" 30 50
VS0396005 63 G 1/2" 30 50
VS0396007 75 G 1/2" 30 25
VS0396009 90 G 1/2" 30 25
VS0396011 110 G 1/2" 30 25
VS0396013 125 G 1/2" 30 25
VS0396015 160 G 1/2" 30 25
280
D1 M10 galvanized pipe clip, fixed O-ring sliding point
COD. D D1 H
VS0396021 40 M10 30 50
VS0396023 50 M10 30 50
VS0396024 56 M10 30 50
VS0396025 63 M10 30 50
VS0396027 75 M10 30 25
VS0396029 90 M10 30 25
VS0396031 110 M10 30 25
VS0396033 125 M10 30 25
VS0396035 160 M10 30 25
L Air admittance valve D 50-75-110

H1
H
H2
D1
D2
D
VS0700400 110 75 50 140 184 120 64 5 40 160 1010x800x1200
D
D1
H Galvanized steel flange
G/
COD. D D1 G/M H S kg
VS0398001 70 50 G 1/2” 15 4 0.120 100
VS0398003 70 50 M10 9 4 0.150 100
L
Threaded rod M10
D
9
COD. D L (mm) kg
VS0408001 M10 1000 0.480 100
281
H1
L
L1
COD. L (mm) L1 H H1 kg
VS0399001 30 34 4 2 5.016 1

H
L H1
L1
VS0399222 30 36 9 3 6.110 1
L1 Back flow preventing valve
H2
D/DN L2 H1
VS0200111 110 100 305 190 220 290 75 1.390 1
VS0200113 125 125 315 190 220 290 85 1.480 1
VS0200115 160 150 375 210 255 220 95 2.705 1
VS0200117 200 200 450 170 240 240 123 3.050 1
L1
H
H2 H1
D/DN L2
VS0200201 110 100 305 190 220 240-310 200 75 1.400 1
VS0200223 125 125 315 190 220 250-310 200 85 1.550 1
VS0200225 160 150 375 210 255 280-350 220 95 2.970 1
VS0200217 200 200 450 170 240 290-380 240 123 3.350 1
282
L1
H
H2
D/DN L2 H1
VS0200301 110 100 428 275 180 215-270 192 90 2.520 1
VS0200303 125 125 443 275 180 215-270 192 10 2.620 1
VS0200305 160 150 550 340 244 275-370 244 10 4.780 1
VS0200307 200 200 615 335 244 295-348 244 15 5.010 1
SPARES
DE
D 1-lip seal for back flow preventing valves
H
COD. D/DN DE H B kg
VS0391015 110/100 123.9 8.9 7.9 0.020 20
VS0391017 125/125 142.2 10.2 8.9 0.025 20
VS0391019 160/150 179.8 11.5 10.2 0.045 20
VS0391021 200/200 223.7 12.8 11.2 0.045 20
283
Beveling tool
COD. D
VS0460001 32 ÷ 160 1
VS0460003 40 ÷ 315 1
SPARES
Spare blades
COD. D H L
VS0460110 32 ÷ 160 32 13 1 pair
VS0460111 40 ÷ 315 34 12 1 pair
Permanent pens
COD.
VS0474001 1 (12 pcs)
CATALOGUE / PP - EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES
Hot air
COD. Watt
VS0476001 700 1
Strip for welding
COD. L (mm) mm
VS0477003 1000 5.5x3 1 (2 kg)
Lubricant
9 COD.
VS0900001 150
g
50
VS0900003 250 50
284
9.3 Push-fit triple layer waste and
drainage system (TRIPLUS)
L Single socket pipe
D/DN
VS0650001 32 30 150 0.047 30 240 1440 100x800x1200
VS0650003 32 30 250 0.069 30 240 1440 100x800x1200
VS0650005 32 30 500 0.115 30 180 900 90x800x1200
VS0650007 32 30 1000 0.239 24 - 840 1200x1100x1200
VS0650009 32 30 1500 0.342 24 - 840 1200x1600x1200
VS0650011 32 30 2000 0.468 24 - 840 1200x2100x1200
VS0650013 32 30 3000 0.695 24 - 840 1200x3100x1200
VS0650021 40 40 150 0.053 30 240 1200 1030x800x1200
VS0650023 40 40 250 0.080 30 240 960 1010x800x1200
VS0650025 40 40 500 0.145 50 200 600 970x800x1200
VS0650027 40 40 1000 0.272 20 - 500 1075x1130x1220
VS0650029 40 40 1500 0.400 20 - 500 1075x1630x1220
VS0650031 40 40 2000 0.530 20 - 500 1075x2130x1220
VS0650033 40 40 3000 0.780 20 - 500 1075x3130x1220
VS0650041 50 50 150 0.070 30 240 960 1010x800x1200
VS0650043 50 50 250 0.100 30 240 720 1015x800x1200
VS0650045 50 50 500 0.180 35 140 420 970x800x1200
VS0650047 50 50 1000 0.346 30 - 360 1140x1130x1200
VS0650049 50 50 1500 0.514 30 - 360 1140x1630x1200
VS0650051 50 50 2000 0.670 30 - 360 1140x2130x1200
VS0650053 50 50 3000 1.000 30 - 360 1140x3130x1200
VS0650061 75 70 150 0.160 20 160 320 1050x800x1200
VS0650063 75 70 250 0.235 20 160 320 1050x800x1200
VS0650065 75 70 500 0.420 20 80 240 1075x800x1200
VS0650067 75 70 1000 0.755 20 - 180 1150x1150x1260
VS0650069 75 70 1500 1.175 20 - 180 1150x1650x1260
VS0650071 75 70 2000 1.440 20 - 180 1150x2150x1260
VS0650073 75 70 3000 2.170 20 - 180 1150x3150x1260
CATALOGUE / PP - EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES
VS0650081 90 90 150 0.245 24 96 384 1050x800x1200

VS0650083 90 90 250 0.355 24 96 288 1165x800x1200
VS0650085 90 90 500 0.635 24 96 192 1300x800x1200
VS0650087 90 90 1000 1.155 10 - 120 1140x1150x1200
VS0650089 90 90 1500 1.750 10 - 120 1140x1650x1200
VS0650091 90 90 2000 2.243 10 - 120 1140x2150x1200
VS0650093 90 90 3000 3.420 10 - 120 1140x3150x1200
VS0650101 110 100 150 0.340 15 60 240 1050x800x1200
VS0650103 110 100 250 0.445 15 60 180 1165x800x1200
VS0650105 110 100 500 0.810 15 60 120 1300x800x1200
VS0650107 110 100 1000 1.525 15 - 90 1210x1180x1200
VS0650109 110 100 1500 2.315 15 - 90 1210x1680x1200
VS0650111 110 100 2000 2.940 15 - 90 1210x2180x1200
VS0650113 110 100 3000 4.410 15 - 90 1210x3180x1200
VS0650121 125 125 150 0.415 10 80 160 1050x800x1200
VS0650123 125 125 250 0.600 10 40 120 1039x800x1200
VS0650125 125 125 500 1.015 6 48 96 1340x800x1200
9 VS0650127 125 125 1000 1.855 8 - 48 1000x1170x1200
VS0650129 125 125 1500 2.735 8 - 48 1000x1670x1200
VS0650131 125 125 2000 3.655 8 - 48 1000x2170x1200
286
VS0650133 125 125 3000 5.350 8 - 48 1000x3170x1200
VS0650141 160 150 150 0.725 1 - - 130x800x1200
VS0650143 160 150 250 1.000 1 - - 130x800x1200
VS0650145 160 150 500 1.745 1 - - 130x800x1200
VS0650147 160 150 1000 3.240 6 - - 1180x1190x1200
VS0650149 160 150 1500 4.715 6 - 36 1180x1690x1200
VS0650151 160 150 2000 6.205 6 - 36 1180x2190x1200
VS0650153 160 150 3000 9.125 6 - 36 1180x3190x1200
VS0650167 200 200 1000 6.680 4 - - 445x1250x465
VS0650171 200 200 2000 12.500 4 - - 445x2250x465
VS0650173 200 200 3000 18.320 4 - - 445x3250x465
VS0650187 250 250 1000 10.500 4 - - 545x1300x565
VS0650193 250 250 3000 28.530 4 - - 545x3300x565
L Double socket pipe

D/DN

VS0650205 32 30 500 0.127 30 180 720 100x800x1200
VS0650207 32 30 1000 0.251 24 - 840 1200x1200x1200
VS0650209 32 30 1500 0.354 24 - 840 1200x1700x1200
VS0650211 32 30 2000 0.470 24 - 840 1200x2200x1200
VS0650213 32 30 3000 0.707 24 - 840 1200x3200x1200
VS0650225 40 40 500 0.160 35 140 420 925x800x1200
VS0650227 40 40 1000 0.288 20 - 500 1075x1180x1220
VS0650229 40 40 1500 0.415 20 - 500 1075x1680x1220
VS0650231 40 40 2000 0.540 20 - 500 1075x2180x1220
VS0650233 40 40 3000 0.800 20 - 500 1075x3180x1220
VS0650245 50 50 500 0.200 25 100 300 925x800x1200
VS0650247 50 50 1000 0.365 30 - 360 1150x1180x1200
VS0650249 50 50 1500 0.500 30 - 360 1150x1680x1200
VS0650251 50 50 2000 0.685 30 - 360 1150x2180x1200
VS0650253 50 50 3000 1.040 30 - 360 1150x3180x1200
VS0650265 75 70 500 0.465 12 96 192 1390x800x1200
CATALOGUE / TRIPLUS - RANGE
VS0650267 75 70 1000 0.825 10 - 180 1150x1180x1260

VS0650269 75 70 1500 1.210 10 - 180 1150x1680x1260
VS0650271 75 70 2000 1.510 10 - 180 1150x2180x1260
VS0650273 75 70 3000 2.295 10 - 180 1150x3180x1260
VS0650285 90 90 500 0.695 8 80 240 2065x800x1200
VS0650287 90 90 1000 1.215 10 - 120 1140x1190x1200
VS0650289 90 90 1500 1.810 10 - 120 1140x1690x1200
VS0650291 90 90 2000 2.368 10 - 120 1140x2190x1200
VS0650293 90 90 3000 3.480 10 - 120 1140x3190x1200
VS0650305 110 100 500 0.945 12 48 96 1420x800x1200
VS0650307 110 100 1000 1.695 10 - 80 1100x1230x1200
VS0650309 110 100 1500 2.455 10 - 80 1100x1730x1200
VS0650311 110 100 2000 3.236 10 - 80 1100x2230x1200 9
VS0650313 110 100 3000 4.706 10 - 80 1100x3230x1200
VS0650325 125 125 500 1.160 6 48 96 1480x800x1200
287
VS0650327 125 125 1000 2.000 8 - 48 1000x1230x1200
VS0650329 125 125 1500 2.880 8 - 48 1000x1730x1200
VS0650331 125 125 2000 3.655 8 - 48 1000x2230x1200
VS0650333 125 125 3000 5.495 8 - 48 1000x3230x1200
15° bend
L2
Z2
15°
Z1
L1
D/DN
VS0650401 32 30 3 48 6 44 0.021 80 640 3840 1000x800x1200
VS0650411 40 40 4 47 8 44 0.035 50 400 2000 1030x800x1200
VS0650421 50 50 4 48 8 46 0.045 30 240 1680 1110x800x1200
VS0650431 75 70 7 53 11 52 0.110 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0650441 90 90 8 56 14 56 0.168 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0650451 110 100 9 61 16 59 0.250 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0650461 125 125 10 66 17 64 0.357 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0650471 160 150 12 45 22 73 0.652 1 - - 930x800x1200
30° bend
L2
Z2
30°
Z1
L1
D/D
N
VS0650403 32 30 5 48 8 44 0.021 80 640 3840 1000x800x1200
VS0650413 40 40 7 47 10 44 0.037 50 400 2000 1030x800x1200
VS0650423 50 50 8 48 12 46 0.048 30 240 1680 1110x800x1200
VS0650433 75 70 12 53 17 52 0.120 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0650443 90 90 14 56 20 56 0.183 20 160 320 1050x800x1200
VS0650453 110 100 17 61 23 59 0.271 20 80 240 970x800x1200

VS0650463 125 125 18 66 26 64 0.392 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0650473 160 150 23 75 33 73 0.723 1 - - 930x800x1200
288
45° bend
L2
Z2
45°
Z1
D/
DN
L1
VS0650405 32 30 8 45 10 44 0.023 80 640 3200 1000x800x1200
VS0650415 40 40 10 47 14 44 0.040 50 400 2000 1030x800x1200
VS0650425 50 50 11 48 17 46 0.053 30 240 1200 1030x800x1200
VS0650435 75 70 18 53 22 52 0.128 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0650445 90 90 21 56 26 56 0.198 20 160 320 1050x800x1200
VS0650455 110 100 25 61 31 59 0.273 20 80 240 1039x800x1200
VS0650465 125 125 28 66 35 64 0.428 15 60 120 940x800x1200
VS0650475 160 150 35 75 45 73 0.765 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650485 200 200 63 180 86 170 3.500 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650495 250 250 57 210 88 203 5.090 1 - - 930x800x1200
67°30’ bend
L2
Z2
D/DN
67°30'
Z1
L1
VS0650407 32 30 10 51 15 47 0.023 60 480 2880 1000x800x1200
VS0650417 40 40 15 47 19 44 0.042 50 400 2000 1030x800x1200
VS0650427 50 50 18 48 22 46 0.056 30 240 1200 1030x800x1200
VS0650437 75 70 28 53 33 52 0.14 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0650447 90 90 33 56 38 56 0.224 20 160 320 1050x800x1200
VS0650457 110 100 40 61 45 59 0.333 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0650467 125 125 43 66 51 64 0.478 15 60 120 940x800x1200
87°30’ bend
L2
Z2
D/DN
87°30'
L1 Z1
VS0650409 32 30 20 45 19 44 0.024 60 480 2880 1000x800x1200
VS0650419 40 40 22 47 25 44 0.045 50 400 2000 1030x800x1200
VS0650429 50 50 26 48 30 46 0.060 30 240 1200 1030x800x1200
VS0650439 75 70 40 53 43 52 0.153 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0650449 90 90 46 56 51 56 0.241 20 160 320 1050x800x1200
VS0650459 110 100 57 61 61 59 0.367 20 80 160 940x800x1200 9
VS0650469 125 125 62 66 70 64 0.530 10 40 120 1039x800x1200
VS0650479 160 150 78 75 89 73 1.000 1 - - 930x800x1200
289
VS0650489 200 200 148 180 172 170 3.720 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650499 250 250 122 210 163 203 6.040 1 - - 930x800x1200
D1
45° branch
/D
N1
L3
45°
Z3
L2
L1 Z1
Z2
D1/DN1
COD. D1/DN1 Z1 L1 Z2 L2 Z3 L3 kg HxLxP

VS0650501 32/32 7 50 44 44 44 44 0.041 40 320 1600 1000x800x1200
VS0650507 40/40 10 46 49 44 49 44 0.075 20 160 1120 1110x800x1200
VS0650513 50/50 12 50 61 46 61 46 0.100 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0650519 75/70 19 53 96 52 96 52 0.265 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0650525 90/90 21 56 110 56 110 56 0.385 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0650531 110/100 25 61 135 59 135 59 0.645 10 40 80 940x800x1200
VS0650537 125/125 28 66 152 65 152 65 0.940 5 20 60 1039x800x1200
VS0650543 160/150 36 75 198 73 199 73 1.780 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650669 200/200 41 180 286 169 276 169 5.880 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650685 250/250 21 210 278 162 312 162 10.480 1 - - 930x800x1200
87°30’ branch
L3
Z3
D1/DN1
87°30'
Z1
L1
Z2 L2
D1/DN1
COD. D1/DN1 Z1 L1 Z2 L2 Z3 L3 kg HxLxP

VS0650505 32/32 21 45 17 52 17 52 0.037 40 320 1600 1000x800x1200
VS0650511 40/40 19 46 24 44 28 44 0.065 20 160 1120 1110x800x1200
VS0650517 50/50 28 50 29 46 29 46 0.085 20 160 800 1030x800x1200
VS0650523 75/70 39 53 46 52 46 52 0215 20 80 240 853x800x1200

VS0650529 90/90 48 56 52 56 52 56 0.310 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0650535 110/100 56 61 65 59 65 59 0.500 10 40 120 970x800x1200
VS0650541 125/125 65 66 71 65 71 65 0.730 10 40 80 940x800x1200
VS0650547 160/150 80 75 94 73 97 73 1.340 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650671 200/200 95 180 149 169 140 169 4.900 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650687 250/250 119 210 177 203 168 203 8.580 1 - - 930x800x1200
290
D2
/D
N2
45° reduced branch
L3
Z3
45°
L2
Z1
Z2
L1
D1/DN1
COD. D1/D2 DN1/DN2 Z1 L1 Z2 L2 Z3 L3 kg HxLxP

VS0650551 40/32 40/30 5 52 45 47 42 52 0.050 40 320 1280 1000x800x1200
VS0650557 50/40 50/40 5 50 56 44 54 46 0.090 20 160 800 1030x800x1200
VS0650563 75/40 70/40 -7 46 79 44 71 52 0.170 25 100 300 853x800x1200
VS0650569 75/50 70/50 -1 54 84 46 76 54 0.185 25 100 300 970x800x1200
VS0650575 90/40 90/40 -10 56 87 44 76 56 0.225 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0650581 90/50 90/50 -9 56 90 46 83 56 0.235 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0650587 110/40 100/40 -24 61 99 44 89 59 0.330 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0650593 110/50 100/50 -17 61 106 46 79 59 0.355 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0650599 110/75 100/70 1 61 121 52 112 59 0.460 15 60 120 940x800x1200
VS0650689 110/90 100/90 25 61 162 60 135 59 0.755 10 40 80 930x800x1200
VS0650605 125/50 125/50 -24 66 114 46 111 65 0.510 10 40 120 853x800x1200
VS0650611 125/110 125/100 18 66 146 59 142 65 0.730 8 32 64 940x800x1200
VS0650617 160/110 150/100 6 75 185 59 171 73 1.315 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650623 160/125 150/125 12 75 184 65 174 73 1.380 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650629 200/110 200/100 -22 180 228 63 213 169 3.500 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650633 200/125 200/125 -12 180 237 74 224 169 3.750 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650637 200/160 200/160 13 180 255 77 248 169 4.300 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650643 250/110 250/100 -47 210 264 63 239 203 5.700 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650647 250/160 250/150 -12 210 290 77 274 203 6.650 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650650 250/200 250/200 16 210 320 169 303 203 8.370 1 - - 930x800x1200
87°30’ reduced branch

L3
D2/DN2
Z3
87˚30'
Z1
L1
Z2 L2
D1/DN1

VS0650555 40/32 40/30 18 52 23 50 20 50 0.048 40 320 1280 1000x800x1200

VS0650561 50/40 50/40 23 50 29 44 24 46 0.080 25 200 800 1010x800x1200
VS0650567 75/40 70/40 22 53 47 44 30 52 0.160 25 100 300 853x800x1200
VS0650573 75/50 70/50 27 53 46 46 35 52 0.170 25 100 300 853x800x1200
VS0650579 90/40 90/40 23 56 50 44 29 56 0.205 15 60 240 1050x800x1200
VS0650585 90/50 90/50 24 56 50 46 34 56 0.220 20 80 240 853x800x1200
VS0650591 110/40 100/40 21 61 62 44 32 59 0.310 20 80 240 1039x800x1200
VS0650597 110/50 100/50 26 61 64 46 37 59 0.330 20 80 240 1039x800x1200
VS0650603 110/75 100/70 38 61 67 52 49 59 0.395 15 60 120 940x800x1200
VS0650691 110/90 100/90 56 61 90 60 65 59 0.61 10 40 120 930x800x1200
VS0650609 125/50 125/50 28 66 68 46 36 65 0.405 10 40 120 853x800x1200
VS0650615 125/110 125/100 58 66 72 59 64 65 0.600 8 32 96 1039x800x1200
VS0650621
VS0650627
160/110
160/125
150/100
150/125
55
64
75
75
93
93
59
65
71
79
73
73
0.960
1.155
1
1
-
-
-
-
930x800x1200
930x800x1200
9
VS0650631 200/110 200/100 50 180 134 63 95 169 3.170 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650635 200/125 200/125 57 180 136 74 103 169 3.340 1 - - 930x800x1200
291
VS0650639 200/160 200/150 75 180 138 77 109 169 3.600 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650645 250/110 250/100 49 210 159 63 98 203 5.230 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650649 250/160 250/150 74 210 164 88 123 203 5.900 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650651 250/200 250/200 94 210 191 153 143 203 7.160 1 - - 930x800x1200
D3
/D
N3 Double branch
N2
L3
/D
D2
45°
45°
Z3
L
L4
L2
L1 Z1
Z4
Z2
D/DN
COD. D1/D2/D3 DN1/DN2/DN3 L Z1 L1 Z2 L2 Z3 L3 Z4 L4 kg HxLxP

VS0650655 110/110/110 100/100/100 280 25 61 136 59 136 59 136 59 0.765 5 20 60 970x800x1200
L Ventilation branch
L1 L2 L3 L4
H3
X1 X2 X3
D2
D1
D3
H
H2
D5
D4
D6
X4 X5 X6
H1
D/DN

VS0651X1X2X3X4X5X6 110 100 110 75 340 160 130 50 300 760 230 170 360
H
Inspection opening with screw cap
L2
Z2
Dc
Z1
L1
D/DN
COD. D/DN Z1 L1 Z2 L2 H Dc kg HxLxP

VS0650901 50/50 36 48 35 46 60 90 0.150 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0650903 75/70 40 53 43 52 80 90 0.240 20 80 240 853x800x1200
VS0650905 90/90 49 58 55 56 8 118 0.365 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0650907 110/100 55 61 65 59 100 118 0.520 15 60 120 940x800x1200
VS0650909 125/125 65 66 71 65 105 148 0.750 10 40 80 940x800x1200
9 VS0650911 160/150 64 75 75 73 105 148 1.300 1 - - 930x800x1200

VS0650913 200/200 71 180 116 170 125 148 3.283 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650915 250/250 71 210 111 202 150 148 5.440 1 - - 930x800x1200
292
Mod. A
D2/DN2 Eccentric reducer
Mod. B
D2/DN2
L2
L2
Z1
L
L1
L1
D1/DN1 D1/DN1
COD. D1/D2 DN1/DN2 Mod. Z1 L1 L2 L kg HxLxP

VS0650701 40/32 40/30 A 11 44 45 100 0.023 50 400 2400 1000x800x1200
VS0650703 50/32 50/30 A 14 47 44 105 0.028 40 320 1920 1000x800x1200
VS0650705 50/40 50/40 A 12 51 44 107 0.045 50 400 2000 1030x800x1200
VS0650707 75/40 70/40 B - 56 39 74 0.065 30 240 1680 1110x800x1200
VS0650709 75/50 70/50 B - 56 42 73 0.075 30 240 1200 1030x800x1200
VS0650711 90/40 90/40 B - 59 40 77 0.095 20 160 1120 1110x800x1200
VS0650713 90/50 90/50 B - 61 42 78 0.100 20 160 1120 1110x800x1200
VS0650715 90/75 90/70 A 3 57 47 107 0.120 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0650717 110/40 100/40 B - 63 40 79 0.150 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0650719 110/50 100/50 B - 63 42 80 0.150 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0650721 110/75 100/70 B - 63 47 80 0.160 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0650723 110/90 100/90 A 3 60 50 113 0.170 20 160 320 1050x800x1200
VS0650729 125/110 125/100 A 6 67 49 122 0.240 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0650731 160/110 150/100 B - 63 52 81 0.305 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650733 160/125 150/125 B - 64 56 83 0.345 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650735 200/110 200/100 A - 180 - 352 1.925 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650739 200/160 200/150 A 118 180 78 376 1.905 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650747 250/200 250/200 A 83 210 177 470 3.730 1 - - 930x800x1200
Closing cap
L
D/DN
COD. D/DN L kg HxLxP

VS0650951 40/40 32 0.015 40 800 5600 935x800x1200
VS0650953 50/50 32 0.020 20 400 2800 935x800x1200
VS0650955 75/70 32 0.035 15 300 2100 935x800x1200
VS0650957 90/90 42 0.070 30 240 1680 1110x800x1200
VS0650959 110/100 42 0.100 20 160 1120 1110x800x1200
VS0650961 125/125 51 0.150 10 80 560 1110x800x1200

VS0650963 160/150 57 0.270 10 80 320 1010x800x1200
293
L L3
L2 Bend with cap for trap connection
D1
Z1
L1
D/DN
COD. D D1 Z1 L1 L2 L3 L kg HxLxP
VS0650971 32 46.0 23 51 27 10 50 0.050 20 160 1280 930x800x1200
VS0650972 40 46.0 23 51 30 10 50 0.056 20 160 1120 1110x800x1200
VS0650973 40 53.5 28 52 27 10 52 0.060 20 160 1120 1110x800x1200
VS0650974 50 53.5 28 52 28 10 52 0.065 20 160 1120 1110x800x1200
VS0650975 50 60.0 28 52 28 10 52 0.060 20 160 1120 1110x800x1200
L1 L2 L3 Straight fitting with cap

D/DN
D1
COD. D/DN D1 L1 L2 L3 L kg HxLxP

VS0650981 32/30 46.0 54 26 10 88 0.040 40 320 2240 1110x800x1200
VS0650982 40/40 46.0 54 26 10 88 0.045 40 320 2240 1110x800x1200
VS0650983 40/40 50.0 54 28 10 88 0.050 20 160 1280 930x800x1200
VS0650984 40/40 53.5 38 24 10 70 0.050 40 320 2240 1110x800x1200
VS0650985 50/50 53.5 54 26 10 88 0.055 30 240 1680 1110x800x1200
L
L2
L3 Long bend for trap connection
D1
Z1
L1
D/DN
COD. D/DN D1 Z1 L1 L2 L3 L kg HxLxP

VS0650991 32/30 46 36 124 28 10 50 0.065 20 160 1120 1110x800x1200
VS0650992 40/40 46 36 124 28 10 50 0.070 20 160 1120 1110x800x1200
VS0650993 40/40 50 36 119 32 10 50 0.070 20 160 1120 1110x800x1200
VS0650996 32/30 50 36 119 28 10 53 0.075 20 160 1120 1110x800x1200
294
L
L1 Protection cap for trap connection bend
DE
D
VS0503222 46 55 30 10 0.010 40 800 5600 935x800x1200
VS0503224 50 60 35 12 0.015 40 800 5600 935x800x1200
VS0503225 53.5 63 30 10 0.015 40 800 5600 935x800x1200
VS0503226 60 70 30 10 0.015 40 800 5600 935x800x1200
L
Grommet
D1
D2
VS0334003 46 24-32 22 0.020 100 800 8000 1130x800x1200
VS0334005 46 36-40 22 0.010 150 1200 7200 1060x800x1200
VS0523011 50 36-40 22 0.020 30 600 4200 935x800x1200
VS0523015 53.5 24-32 22 0.030 30 600 4200 935x800x1200
VS0523017 53.5 36-40 22 0.025 30 600 4200 935x800x1200
VS0523019 60 46-55 24 0.020 30 600 4200 935x800x1200
D/DN
Sliding sleeve
L
COD. D/DN L kg HxLxP

VS0650801 32/30 86 0.023 60 480 2880 1000x800x1200
VS0650803 40/40 100 0.040 30 240 1680 1110x800x1200
VS0650805 50/50 105 0.050 30 240 1680 1110x800x1200
VS0650807 75/70 120 0.120 20 160 640 1010x800x1200

VS0650809 90/90 120 0.150 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0650811 110/100 136 0.255 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0650813 125/125 147 0.370 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0650815 160/150 180 0.635 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650817 200/200 195 1.070 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650819 250/250 243 2.110 1 - - 930x800x1200
295
D/DN Double socket sleeve
L
COD. D/DN L T kg HxLxP
VS0650851 32/32 85 2 0.023 60 480 2880 1000x800x1200
VS0650853 40/40 100 2 0.040 30 240 1680 1110x800x1200
VS0650855 50/50 105 2 0.050 30 240 1680 1110x800x1200
VS0650857 75/70 120 2 0.120 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0650859 90/90 120 3 0.155 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0650861 110/100 136 3 0.260 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0650863 125/125 147 3 0.380 20 80 160 940x800x1200
VS0650865 160/150 180 3 0.645 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650867 200/200 374 14 2.030 1 - - 930x800x1200
VS0650869 250/250 466 20 4.460 1 - - 930x800x1200
D/DN Double depth socket

L2
L
L1
COD. D/DN L1 L2 L kg HxLxP

VS0650751 40/40 47 75 126 0.040 30 240 1920 930x800x1200
VS0650753 50/50 48 79 131 0.055 20 160 1120 1110x800x1200
VS0650755 75/70 53 90 150 0.100 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0650757 90/90 56 95 159 0.150 10 80 400 1030x800x1200
VS0650759 110/100 61 100 169 0.230 20 80 240 970x800x1200
VS0650761 125/125 66 108 182 0.350 10 80 160 1050x800x1200
D/DN
Triple depth socket
L2
L
L1
COD. D/DN L1 L2 L kg HxLxP

VS0650771 40/40 47 100 152 0.060 30 240 1680 930x800x1200
VS0650773 50/50 48 107 160 0.080 20 160 1120 1110x800x1200
VS0650775 75/70 53 124 183 0.120 20 160 480 1015x800x1200
VS0650777 90/90 56 129 193 0.190 10 80 320 1010x800x1200
VS0650779 110/100 61 136 205 0.280 20 80 160 940x800x1200
9 VS0650781 125/125 66 145 220 0.400 10 40 120 853x800x1200
296
Protection cap for socket
L
D/DN
VS0503000 32 30 16 0.005 100 2000 14000 935x800x1200
VS0503001 40 40 36 0.005 40 800 5600 935x800x1200
VS0503003 50 50 36 0.010 50 400 3200 930x800x1200
VS0503005 75 70 36 0.020 30 240 1920 930x800x1200
VS0503008 90 90 36 0.030 30 240 1440 970x800x1200
VS0503007 110 100 36 0.040 30 240 960 1010x800x1200
VS0503009 125 125 36 0.050 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0503011 160 150 36 0.055 10 80 480 970x800x1200
DE
D Single-lipped seal
H
COD. D DN DE H B kg
VS0391001 32 30 40.5 6 4.9 0.002 50
VS0391003 40 40 51.4 7.8 6.5 0.005 50
VS0391005 50 50 61.4 7.8 6.5 0.005 50
VS0391011 75 70 86.6 7.8 6.5 0.010 20
VS0391013 90 80 103 8.9 7.5 0.015 20
VS0391015 110 100 123.9 8.9 7.9 0.020 20
VS0391017 125 125 142.2 10.2 8.9 0.025 20
VS0391019 160 150 179.8 11.5 10.2 0.045 20
VS0391021 200 200 223.7 12.8 11.2 0.045 20
VS0391023 250 250 282 19.5 1.6 0.500 1
Grommet for connection to metal pipes
COD. D1(PP) D2(Metal) L kg HxLxP

VS0559001 40 26-28 24 0.015 50 7000x800x1200
VS0559003 40 30-32 25 0.010 50 7000x800x1200
CATALOGO
L
Air admittance valve D 50-75-110
H1
H
H2
D1
D2
D
9
VS0700400 110 75 50 140 184 120 64 5 40 160 1010x800x1200
297
D1
L
H
D2
D/DN
VS0394001 50 50 140 91 790 45 0.410 10 30 120 120x800x1200
VS0394003 75 70 200 121 720 52 0.575 5 15 60 120x800x1200
VS0394005 110 100 200 166 720 55 0.930 5 15 45 120x800x1200
H M10 galvanized pipe clip with anchor, fixed or sliding point
D1
D2
L
L1
VS0395001 40 30 120 75 M10 14 0.230 50
VS0395003 50 30 120 75 M10 14 0.240 50
VS0395004 56 30 120 75 M10 14 0.255 50
VS0395005 63 30 120 75 M10 14 0.270 50
VS0395007 75 30 120 75 M10 14 0.280 25
VS0395009 90 30 120 75 M10 14 0.330 25
VS0395011 110 30 120 75 M10 14 0.345 25
VS0395013 125 30 120 75 M10 14 0.320 25
VS0395015 160 30 120 75 M10 14 0.435 25
D
D1
H Flange for fixing to wall
G/
M
COD. D D1 G/M H S kg
9 VS0398001 70 50 G 1/2” 15 4 0.120 100
VS0398003 70 50 M10 9 4 0.150 100
298
D1 G1/2” and G1” galvanized pipe clip, fixed or sliding point
COD. D D1 H
VS0396001 40 G1/2" 30 50
VS0396003 50 G1/2" 30 50
VS0396004 56 G1/2" 30 50
VS0396005 63 G1/2" 30 50
VS0396007 75 G1/2" 30 25
VS0396009 90 G1/2" 30 25
VS0396011 110 G1/2" 30 25
VS0396013 125 G1/2" 30 25
VS0396015 160 G1/2" 30 25
VS0396050 200 G1" 40 10
VS0396052 250 G1" 40 10
D1 M10 galvanized pipe clip, fixed or sliding point
COD. D D1 H
VS0396021 40 M10 30 50
VS0396023 50 M10 30 50
VS0396024 56 M10 30 50
VS0396025 63 M10 30 50
VS0396027 75 M10 30 25
VS0396029 90 M10 30 25
VS0396031 110 M10 30 25
VS0396033 125 M10 30 25
VS0396035 160 M10 30 25
299
L Threaded rod
D
COD. D L kg
VS0408001 M10 100 cm 0.480 100

H
H1
L
L1
VS0399001 30 34 4 2 5.016 1

H
H1
L
L1
VS0399222 30 36 9 3 6.110 1

L1
H2
D/DN L2 H1
VS0200111 110 100 305 190 220 290 75 1.390 1
VS0200113 125 125 315 190 220 290 85 1.480 1

VS0200115 160 150 375 210 255 220 95 2.705 1
VS0200117 200 200 450 170 240 240 123 3.050 1
300
L1
H
H2 H1
D/DN L2
VS0200201 110 100 305 190 220 240-310 200 75 1.400 1
VS0200223 125 125 315 190 220 250-310 200 85 1.550 1
VS0200225 160 150 375 210 255 280-350 220 95 2.970 1
VS0200217 200 200 450 170 240 290-380 240 123 3.350 1
L1
H
H2
D/DN L2 H1
VS0200301 110 100 428 275 180 215-270 192 90 2.520 1
VS0200303 125 125 443 275 180 215-270 192 10 2.620 1
VS0200305 160 150 550 340 244 275-370 244 10 4.780 1
VS0200307 200 200 615 335 244 295-348 244 15 5.010 1
SPARES
DE
D
1-lip seal for back flow preventing valves
H
B
COD. D/DN DE H B kg
VS0391015 110/100 123.9 8.9 7.9 0.020 20
VS0391017 125/125 142.2 10.2 8.9 0.025 20
VS0391019 160/150 179.8 11.5 10.2 0.045 20
VS0391021 200/200 223.7 12.8 11.2 0.045 20
301
Pipe cutter
COD. D Mod.
VS0458001 6 ÷ 64 T1 1
VS0458003 50 ÷ 140 T2 1
VS0458005 100 ÷ 168 T3 1
SPARES
Spare blades
COD. D
VS0459001 6 ÷ 64 1
VS0459003 50 ÷ 160 1
Beveling tool
COD. D
VS0460001 32 ÷ 160 1
VS0460003 40 ÷ 315 1
CATALOGUE / TRIPLUS - EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES
SPARES
Spare blades
COD. D H L
VS0460110 32 ÷ 160 32 13 1 pair
VS0460111 40 ÷ 315 34 12 1 pair
Lubricant
COD. g
9 VS0900001 150 50
VS0900003 250 50
302
9.4 Push-fit soundproof waste and
drainage system (SILERE)
S1
Single socket pipe
D/DN
L
COD. D DN S1 L (mm) kg
VS0220001 58 50 4.2 150 0.25 4
VS0220003 58 50 4.2 250 0.36 4
VS0220005 58 50 4.2 500 0.64 4
VS0220007 58 50 4.2 1000 1.12 16
VS0220009 58 50 4.2 2000 2.32 16
VS0220011 58 50 4.2 3000 3.44 16
VS0220021 78 70 4.6 150 0.40 4
VS0220023 78 70 4.6 250 0.60 4
VS0220025 78 70 4.6 500 1.00 4
VS0220027 78 70 4.6 1000 2.00 16
VS0220029 78 70 4.6 2000 4.10 16
VS0220031 78 70 4.6 3000 6.10 16
VS0220041 90 90 4.6 150 0.43 4
VS0220043 90 90 4.6 250 0.63 4
VS0220045 90 90 4.6 500 1.20 4
VS0220047 90 90 4.6 1000 2.50 12
VS0220049 90 90 4.6 2000 4.90 12
VS0220050 90 90 4.6 3000 7.50 12
VS0220051 110 100 5.6 150 0.80 4
VS0220053 110 100 5.6 250 1.20 4
VS0220055 110 100 5.6 500 1.95 4
VS0220057 110 100 5.6 1000 3.60 15
VS0220059 110 100 5.6 2000 6.90 15
VS0220061 110 100 5.6 3000 10.20 15
VS0220071 135 125 5.6 150 0.96 4
VS0220073 135 125 5.6 250 1.38 4
VS0220075 135 125 5.6 500 2.43 4
VS0220077 135 125 5.6 1000 4.53 8
VS0220079 135 125 5.6 2000 8.73 8
VS0220081 135 125 5.6 3000 12.93 8
VS0220091 160 150 5.6 150 1.20 4
VS0220093 160 150 5.6 250 1.68 4
VS0220095 160 150 5.6 500 2.90 4
VS0220097 160 150 5.6 1000 5.30 8
VS0220099 160 150 5.6 2000 10.12 8
CATALOGUE / SILERE - RANGE
VS0220101 160 150 5.6 3000 15.00 8
Plain end pipe

S1
D/DN
COD. D DN S1 L (mm) kg
VS0220501 58 50 4.2 5000 5.50 180
VS0220503 78 70 4.6 5000 10.00 180
9 VS0220505
VS0220507
90
110
90
100
4.6
5.6
5000
5000
12.00
16.40
120
150
VS0220509 135 125 5.6 5000 21.00 120
VS0220511 160 150 5.6 5000 24.00 70
304
15° bend
L2
Z2
15°
Z1
L1
D/DN
COD. D DN Z1 L1 Z2 L2 kg
VS0221001 58 50 4 70 8 55 0.17 4
VS0221011 78 70 6 60 10 60 0.25 4
VS0221021 90 90 8 60 80 60 0.29 4
VS0221031 110 100 27 61 15 65 0.49 4
VS0221041 135 125 29 64 10 70 0.65 4
VS0221051 160 150 13 66 19 70 0.72 4
30° bend
L2
Z2
30°
Z1
L1
D/DN
VS0221003 58 50 8 70 16 55 0.17 4
VS0221013 78 70 11 60 30 60 0.30 4
VS0221023 90 90 14 60 14 60 0.28 4
VS0221033 110 100 37 61 19 65 0.52 4
VS0221043 135 125 38 64 45 70 0.73 4
VS0221053 160 150 24 66 30 70 0.80 4
L2
45° bend
Z2
45°
Z1

L1
D/DN
VS0221005 58 50 28 70 17 55 0.18 4
VS0221015 78 70 37 60 21 60 0.31 4
VS0221025 90 90 22 60 20 60 0.36 4
VS0221035 110 100 44 61 28 65 0.57 4
VS0221045 135 125 50 64 34 70 0.79 4
VS0221055 160 150 30 66 42 70 0.88 4
305
L2
Z2
67°30’ bend
67°30’
Z1
L1
D/DN
VS0221007 58 50 32 70 21 55 0.18 4
VS0221017 78 70 26 60 26 60 0.42 4
VS0221037 110 100 44 61 44 65 0.70 4
L2 Z2 87°30’ bend
87°30’
Z1
L1
D/DN
VS0221009 58 50 47 70 32 55 0.20 4
VS0221019 78 70 62 60 42 60 0.37 4
VS0221029 90 80 49 60 42 60 0.33 4
VS0221039 110 100 78 61 58 65 0.72 4
VS0221049 135 125 96 64 102 70 1.10 4
VS0221059 160 150 83 66 89 70 1.42 4
Z3 Z2 Venting bend
Z
4
Z1
L1
D/DN
COD. D DN Z1 L1 Z2 Z3 Z4 kg
VS0232011 110 100 78 61 61 29 28 1.20 2
306
2
45° branch
L3
/D
2
Z3
L2
Z1
Z2
L1
D1/DN1
COD. D1/D2 DN1/DN2 Z1 L1 Z2 L2 Z3 L3 kg

VS0222005 58/58 50/50 12 70 75 55 75 55 0.34 4
VS0222007 78/58 70/50 2 60 99 60 100 55 0.46 4
VS0222009 78/78 70/70 16 60 99 60 99 60 0.60 4
VS0222011 90/58 80/50 19 60 113 60 113 55 0.59 4
VS0222013 90/90 90/90 -4 60 116 60 113 60 0.57 4
VS0222015 110/58 100/50 1 61 110 65 97 55 0.75 4
VS0222017 110/78 100/70 21 61 122 65 115 60 0.98 4
VS0222018 110/90 100/90 44 61 168 60 136 70 1.36 2
VS0222019 110/110 100/100 44 61 136 70 136 70 1.25 4
VS0222021 135/110 125/100 49 64 169 70 169 65 1.43 2
VS0222023 135/135 125/125 49 64 169 70 169 70 1.63 2
VS0222025 160/110 150/100 36 95 180 70 200 70 1.44 2
VS0222027 160/160 150/150 36 95 200 70 200 70 1.76 2
67°30’ branch
L3
N2
D2/D
Z3
Z1
L2
Z2
L1
D1/DN1

VS0223005 58/58 50/50 20 70 45 55 45 55 0.31 4
VS0223007 78/58 70/50 15 60 63 60 60 55 0.41 4
VS0223009 78/78 70/70 26 60 61 60 60 60 0.51 4
VS0223015 110/58 100/50 11 61 75 65 65 55 0.65 4
VS0223017 110/78 100/70 22 61 61 65 65 60 0.80 4
VS0223019 110/110 100/100 58 61 84 70 84 70 0.98 4
307
87°30’ branch
L3
D2/DN2
Z3
Z1
Z2
L2
L1
D1/DN1

VS0224005 58/58 50/50 28 70 32 55 32 55 0.30 4
VS0224007 78/58 70/50 27 60 43 60 43 55 0.40 4
VS0224009 78/78 70/70 37 60 43 60 43 60 0.47 4
VS0224015 110/58 100/50 47 61 61 65 27 55 0.62 4
VS0224017 110/78 100/70 60 61 61 65 43 55 0.88 4
VS0224018 100/110 100/90 78 91 91 60 58 70 1.36 2
VS0224019 110/110 100/100 78 61 58 70 58 70 0.92 4
VS0224021 135/110 125/100 90 64 72 70 72 65 1.11 2
VS0224023 135/135 125/125 90 64 72 70 72 70 1.25 2
Sweep branch
L3
87°30’
D2/DN2
Z3
Z1
L2 Z2
L1
D1/DN1

VS0238011 110/110 100/100 78 65 80 70 72 70 1.030 4
Double branch
L3
0’
°3
D2/DN2
87
Z3
Z1
L2 Z2 L2
L1
Z2
D1/DN1

VS0225011 110/110 100/100 78 61 58 70 58 70 1.170 2

VS0225013 135/110 125/100 80 84 74 71 72 70 1.620 2
Welded.
d
Parallel branch
Z5
L2
Z3
L
Z4
L1 Z1
Z2
9
D/DN
COD. D DN Z1 Z2 Z3 Z4 Z5 d L1 L kg
VS0233011 110 100 44 136 136 46 89 129 61 310 1.54 2
308
L
L1 L2 L3 L4
Ventilation branch
H3
X1 X2 X3
D2
D1
D3
H
H2
D5
D4
D6
X4 X5 X6
H1
D/DN

VS0273X1X2X3X4X5X6 110 100 110 75 355 175 130 50 355 760 230 170 360
H
Inspection opening with screw cap
L3
Z3
DE
Z1
L1
D/DN
COD. D DN Z1 L1 Z3 L3 H DE kg
VS0227005 58 50 28 70 32 55 72 90 0.40 4
VS0227007 78 70 37 60 43 60 82 120 0.80 4
VS0227011 110 100 78 61 58 70 110 150 1.18 4
VS0227013 135 125 90 64 72 65 115 150 1.50 4
VS0227015 160 150 80 95 80 70 120 150 1.80 2
Mod. A D2/DN2 D2/DN2 Eccentric reducer

Mod. B
L2
L2

Z1
Z1
L1
L1
D1/DN1 D1/DN1
COD. D1/D2 DN1/DN2 Z1 L1 L2 Mod. kg

VS0226005 78/58 70/50 10 60 55 A 0.16 4
VS0226007 90/58 90/50 10 67 55 A 0.24 4
VS0226009 90/78 90/70 15 67 60 A 0.32 4
VS0226011 110/58 100/50 10 70 55 A 0.36 4
VS0226013 110/78 100/70 10 70 60 A 0.38 4
VS0226015 110/90 100/90 10 70 60 A 0.38 4
VS0226017 135/110 125/100 15 85 65 B 0.50 4 9
VS0226019 160/110 150/100 35 90 65 B 0.80 4
VS0226021 160/135 150/125 32 90 70 B 0.82 4
309
Cap
L
L1
D/DN
COD. D DN L1 L kg
VS0230005 58 50 50 65 0.09 4
VS0230007 78 70 51 66 0.14 4
VS0230009 90 90 51 66 0.20 4
VS0230011 110 100 56 72 0.28 4
VS0230013 135 125 60 77 0.39 4
VS0230015 160 150 45 63.5 0.43 4
D1 Fastening clip
L
D2
COD. D/DN D1 D2 L kg
VS0250005 58/50 59 69 41 0.06 10
VS0250007 78/70 79 99 41 0.08 10
VS0250009 90/90 91 102 41 0.10 10
VS0250011 110/100 111 123 46 0.12 10
VS0250013 135/125 136 146 47 0.13 10
VS0250015 160/150 161 181 47 0.18 10
Sliding sleeve
L
D/DN
COD. D DN L kg
VS0228005 58 50 105 0.17 4
VS0228007 78 70 107 0.20 4
VS0228011 110 100 117 0.40 4
VS0228013 135 125 126 0.53 4
VS0228015 160 150 147 0.60 4
D/DN Bi-joint
L
T T2
T1
D/DN
COD. D DN T T1 T2 L kg
VS0229005 58 50 48 5 15 119 0.16 4
VS0229007 78 70 48 6 16 119 0.21 4
VS0229009 90 90 47 6 16 124 0.21 4
9 VS0229011
VS0229013
110
135
100
125
48
65
6
6
16
16
124
145
0.35
0.53
4
4
VS0229015 160 150 65 6 16 147 0.60 4
310
D2/DN2
Connector PP/HDPE - SILERE
Z1
L
L1
D1/DN1
COD. D1/D2 DN1/DN2 Z1 L L1 kg

VS0231001 58/40 50/40 30 67 50 0.03 4
VS0231003 58/50 50/50 25 86 60 0.05 4
VS0231005 78/50 70/50 37 80 60 0.15 4
VS0231007 78/75 70/70 0 116 60 0.15 4
VS0231013 135/125 125/125 0 138 72.5 0.23 2
Connector SILERE - PP/HDPE

D1/DN1
L
L1
S1
D2/DN2
COD. D1/D2 DN1/DN2 L L1 S1 kg

VS0237003 58/50 50/50 145 60 2.5 0.135 4
VS0237007 78/75 70/70 150 70 3.5 0.260 4
VS0237013 135/125 125/125 190 75 3.5 0.600 2
Connectors HDPE - SILERE

D2/DN2
S2 D2/DN2
S2
K
L2
L2
L
L
L1
L1
K
S1
S1
D1/DN1 D1/DN1
COD. D1/D2 DN1/DN2 S1/S2 L L1 L2 K kg

VS0336061 58/56 50/50 3 95 60 30 0.015 0.046 20
VS0336063 78/63 70/60 3 100 60 30 0.015 0.062 20
311
H D1
Grommet
L
D2
COD. D DN D1 D2 H L HxLxP
VS0261005 58 50 59 64 5.5 50 20 160 800 1030x800x1200
VS0261007 78 70 79 84 5.5 50 20 160 800 1030x800x1200
VS0261009 90 90 91 95 5.5 55 20 160 800 1030x800x1200
VS0261011 110 100 111 116 5.5 66 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0261013 135 125 136 141 5.5 66 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0261015 160 150 161 166 5.5 55 20 160 800 1030x800x1200
For codes VS0229005-VS0229006-VS0229007-VS0229008-VS0229009-VS0229010-VS0229011-VS0229012-VS0229013-VS0229014-VS0229015.
D/DN Jointing belt
L1
L
COD. D DN L1 L kg HxLxP
VS0271005 58 50 20.5 44 0.15 20 160 800 1030x800x1200
VS0271007 78 70 22.5 48 0.19 20 160 800 1030x800x1200
VS0271011 110 100 25.5 55 0.22 20 160 640 1010x800x1200
VS0271013 135 125 28 60 0.30 10 80 400 1030x800x1200
VS0271015 160 150 30 65 0.36 10 80 400 1030x800x1200
Rubber connector
D/DN
DE
D2
L1
COD. D DN D2 DE L1 L kg
VS0272005 58 50 40/56 77 20 63 0.15 20
VS0272007 78 70 56/75 97 20 77 0.23 20

VS0272011 110 100 104/110 133 20 95 0.40 20
312
Single lip seal HS
DE
H
b
COD. D/DN DE H b HxLxP

VS0391003 40/40 51 8 7 50 - - 930x800x1200
VS0391005 50/50 61 8 7 50 - - 930 x800x1200
VS0262005 58/50 70 9 7 20 400 2800 935 x800x1200
VS0391011 75/70 86 8 7 20 - - 130 x800x1200
VS0262007 78/70 90 9 7 20 400 2800 935 x800x1200
VS0391013 90/90 104 9 7 20 - - 930 x800x1200
VS0391015 110/100 124 9 8 20 - - 930 x800x1200
VS0391017 125/125 142 10 9 20 700 3200 1010 x800x1200
VS0262013 135/125 152 12 9.5 20 - - -
VS0391019 160/150 180 12 11 20 400 3200 1010 x800x1200
D1
L
H
D2
D/DN
VS0394001 50 50 140 91 790 45 0.410 10 30 120 120x800x1200
VS0394003 75 70 200 121 720 52 0.575 5 15 60 120x800x1200
VS0394005 110 100 200 166 720 55 0.930 5 15 45 120x800x1200
L
Air admittance valve D 50-75-110
H1

H
H2
D1
D2
D
VS0700400 110 75 50 140 184 120 64 5 40 160 1010x800x1200
313
L Pipe clip with anti-vibration rubber insert
DN
H
G/ M
COD. D/DN G/M L H kg HxLxP

VS0251005 58/50 M10 20 20 0.12 25 500 3500 935x800x1200
VS0251007 78/70 M10 20 20 0.16 25 200 1000 1030x800x1200
VS0251009 90/90 M10 20 20 0.18 25 200 1000 1030x800x1200
VS0251011 110/100 M10 20 20 0.25 25 200 1000 1030x800x1200
VS0251013 135/125 M10 20 20 0.28 25 200 1000 1030x800x1200
VS0251015 160/150 M10 20 20 0.41 25 200 800 1010x800x1200
VS0252005 58/50 G 1/2” 30 20 0.20 25 200 1000 1030x800x1200
VS0252007 78/70 G 1/2” 30 20 0.23 25 - - -
VS0252009 90/90 G 1/2” 30 20 0.27 25 - - -
VS0252011 110/100 G 1/2” 30 20 0.29 25 200 1000 1030x800x1200
VS0252013 135/125 G 1/2” 30 20 0.36 25 200 600 830x800x1200
VS0252015 160/150 G 1/2” 30 20 0.42 25 200 600 830x800x1200
C
Fire collar
D/DN
DE
D1
R
COD. D DN D1 DE C
VS0270005 58 50 65 95 80 1
VS0270007 78/90 70/90 95 140 80 1
VS0270012 110 100 130 180 100 1
VS0270013 135 125 144 195 110 1
VS0270015 160 150 166 215 120 1

L1
H2
D/DN L2 H1
VS0200111 110 100 305 190 220 290 75 1.390 1
VS0200113 125 125 315 190 220 290 85 1.480 1
VS0200115 160 150 375 210 255 220 95 2.705 1
VS0200117 200 200 450 170 240 240 123 3.050 1
314
L1
H
H2 H1
D/DN L2
VS0200201 110 100 305 190 220 240-310 200 75 1.400 1
VS0200223 125 125 315 190 220 250-310 200 85 1.550 1
VS0200225 160 150 375 210 255 280-350 220 95 2.970 1
VS0200217 200 200 450 170 240 290-380 240 123 3.350 1
L1
H
H2
D/DN L2 H1
VS0200301 110 100 428 275 180 215-270 192 90 2.520 1
VS0200303 125 125 443 275 180 215-270 192 10 2.620 1
VS0200305 160 150 550 340 244 275-370 244 10 4.780 1
VS0200307 200 200 615 335 244 295-348 244 15 5.010 1
SPARES
DE 1-lip seal for back flow preventing valves
D
H
B
COD. D/DN DE H B kg
VS0391015 110/100 123.9 8.9 7.9 0.020 20
VS0391017 125/125 142.2 10.2 8.9 0.025 20
VS0391019 160/150 179.8 11.5 10.2 0.045 20
VS0391021 200/200 223.7 12.8 11.2 0.045 20
315
Pipe cutter
COD. D Mod.
VS0458001 6 ÷ 64 T1 1
VS0458003 50 ÷ 140 T2 1
VS0458005 100 ÷ 168 T3 1
SPARES
Spare blades
COD. D
VS0459001 6 ÷ 64 1
VS0459003 50 ÷ 160 1
Beveling tool
COD. D
VS0460001 32 ÷ 160 1
VS0460003 40 ÷ 315 1
CATALOGUE / SILERE - EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES
SPARES
Spare blades
COD. D H L
VS0460110 32 ÷ 160 32 13 1 pair
VS0460111 40 ÷ 315 34 12 1 pair
Lubricant
COD. g
9 VS0900001 150 50
VS0900003 250 50
316
L02-345/1
Technical manual Technical manual
L02-345/1 L02-345/1
Uff.Pub. Valsir - L02-345/1 - Marzo 2010

Valsir product range.
QUALITY FOR PLUMBING

PEHD PP RAIN PLUS
Waste systems inside buildings
SIFONI
TRAPS
ative)
CASSETTE SISTEMI RADIANTI
lene
ve/neg
] (positi
ne
∆T [°C
ropy
erence
le
ature diff
thy
FLUSH CISTERNS RADIANT SYSTEMS Temper 100
lye
Silere
Poly
Po
90
80
70
60
Valsir product approvals. 50
40
30
20
200
160
10 120 ]
80
ction
∆ L [mm
40 ion/contra
10 0 Expans
9
8
7
6 This means that
5
3
4 doubling the noise
2 gth [m] noise sources power (or inten
1 Pipe len with noise energ sity) is the same
Let’s now supp ies (or intensities as increasing the
ose that we halve ) that are doub noise levels by
the noise powe le compared to 3 dB or difference
pressure corre r (or intensity) the other. s of 3 dB are equa
7 sponding to 80 an we want to
and l to
10 9
8 dB and we halve evaluate the reduc
] it, we obtain: tion in dB. If we
ght L [m
6
Pipe len 1 2 consider the same
5 L = 10lo
tot
p
g10
noise

[mm] 2 = 10log10 0,510 8 = 77 dB
(
TGM p0
)
4
meter De 315
Pipe dia 3
GEPRÜFT 250
2
This means that
halving the noise [2.13]
2,5 And what happ power (or inten
200 sity) is the equiv
2 ens if we multi
ply the noise energ
y (or intensity)
alent of reducing
the levels of noise
by 3 dB.
1 by a factor of ten?
2
L tot = 10log p
10 10
10
= 10log10 1010 8 = 90 dB
2,0
p0
( )
L Bf [m]
the noise levels
TE SYSTEMS
are increased [2.14]
1,5 by 10 dB!
arm
The concepts
of flexible
just dealt with
doubling the soun are clearly show
■
d power is equiv n in the curve
in Figure 2.1 wher
NOISE IN WAS
■ multiplyin alent to increasing e we see that:
DE AT IT UK AU PL RU FR NL SG BY SK g the sound powe the noise levels
r by a factor of by 3 dB;
Length
■ halving ten is equivalent
1,5 the sound powe to increasing the
r is the equivalent
of reducing the noise levels by
1,0 noise levels by 10 dB;
[m] 3 dB.
0,5 arm H Bf
of flexible
0 Length D"

180
140
[mm]
tion
n/contrac
0 Expansio

D"
7 7

D"
7 7

HU RO CZ DK CH UA ZA SE ES BE NO FI

D"
7 7 7 7

Figure 2.1 Differ

ence in dB betwe
en two sound sourc
es with sound energ
ies of W and W
1 2 (or intensity J and
1 J2 )
22
Valsir S.p.A. OK_MT_L02_3

45-0.indd 22
Località Merlaro, 2 - 25078 Vestone (Brescia) Italia 20-02-2007

14:45:43
Tel. +39 0365 877011 - Fax +39 0365 81268

valsir@valsir.it - commerciale.italia@valsir.it
assistenza@valsir.it - impianti@valsir.it - export@valsir.it
www.valsir.it
www.valsir.it
You can give us your opinion on Valsir and its products by using the form you will find into the “Services” section of our Web site.
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Valsir - Waste Water Inside Buildings (Technical Manual - Tehnicki Katalog)

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L02-345/1

Technical manual Technical manual

Uff.Pub. Valsir - L02-345/1 - Marzo 2010

Characteristics, project design, calculation, installation and testing

QUALITY FOR PLUMBING

Characteristics, project design, calculation, installation and testing

CASSETTE SISTEMI RADIANTI

Valsir product approvals. 50

Figure 2.1 Differ

Valsir S.p.A. OK_MT_L02_3

Località Merlaro, 2 - 25078 Vestone (Brescia) Italia 20-02-2007

Tel. +39 0365 877011 - Fax +39 0365 81268

2 Noise in waste systems 19

3.1 The discharge of used waters 41

4 Dimensioning of waste systems in compliance with uni en 12056 83

5.1 Characteristics of ventilation fittings 111

6 Sizing of rainwater drainage systems 139

6.1 Introduction 139

7 Installation and testing 149

7.1 Transport and storage 149

Table 1.1 Typical properties of the material.

Property Value Measurement unit Test method

Density at 23°C > 0.945 g/cm3 UNI EN ISO 1183 – 2

VALSIR WASTE SYSTEMS

connected to the building’s waste system.

equal to or greater than 75 mm belonging to the S 12.5 series, are allowed.

Table 1.2 Pipe dimensional characteristics.

32 32 32.0 32.3 3.0 +0.5

40 40 40.0 40.4 3.0 +0.5

50 50 50.0 50.5 3.0 +0.5

56 56 56.0 56.5 3.0 +0.5

60 63 63.0 63.6 3.0 +0.5

70 75 75.0 75.7 3.0 +0.5

125 125 125.0 126.2 4.8 +0.7

150 160 160.0 161.5 6.2 +0.9

200 200 200.0 201.8 7.7 +1.0

250 250 250.0 252.3 9.6 +1.2

315 315 315.0 317.9 12.1 +1.5

200 200 200.0 201.8 6.2 +0.9

■■ Connection by expansion sockets.

■■ Connection by screw fittings.

■■ Connection by screw fitting and flange bushing.

■■ Connection by flanged fittings.

■■ Connection by threaded fittings.

■■ Connection by contraction sleeves.

■■ Connection by push-fit sleeves.

1.1.5 Quality marks

■■ Producer name. ■■ Material (HDPE).

■■ Material (PE). ■■ The diameters and the nominal angle.

■■ Application field (B/BD). ■■ The reference standard.

■■ The pipe series. ■■ Application field (B/BD).

■■ External diameter and wall thickness.

■■ The production line.

■■ The quality marks obtained in the various countries.

VALSIR WASTE SYSTEMS

Table 1.3 Typical properties of the material.

Property Value Measurement unit Test method

Density at 23°C > 0.90 g/cm3 UNI EN ISO 1183 – 2

Table 1.4 Dimensional characteristics of the pipes.

32 32 32.0 32.3 1.8 +0.4

40 40 40.0 40.3 1.8 +0.4

50 50 50.0 50.3 1.8 +0.4

70 75 75.0 75.4 1.9 +0.4

100 110 110.0 110.4 2.7 +0.5