Department of Mechanical Engineering, Konkuk University

Dynamics HW#1 Solutions

dx k
1. (a) From the definition = , we get 2x dx = k dt . After integration, x = kt + C , where C is the
v= 2

dt 2 x
k k
constant of integration. Since x = 2 at t = 0 , C = 4 . Thus x = kt + 4 and v = = .
2 x 2 kt + 4
dv dv dx ⎛ k ⎞ ⎛ k ⎞ k2 k2
(b) a = = = ⎜− ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ = − 3 . By using the result of (a), a = − 3 .
dt dx dt ⎝ 2 x 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 x ⎠ 4x 4(kt + 4) 2
(c)
2
−k
a( t) :=
k 3
x( t) := k⋅t+4 v ( t) :=
2⋅ k⋅t+4 2
4 ( k ⋅ t + 4)

5 0.5 0

4 0.4 − 0.05
x( t ) v( t ) a( t)
3 0.3 − 0.1

2 0.2 − 0.15
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
t t t

2
k −k
v ( x) := a( x) :=
2x 3
4x

3 0

2 − 0.05
v( x) a ( x)
1 − 0.1

0 − 0.15
0 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10
x x

vmax v
2. (a) Accelerating time is t1 = and decelerating time is t2 = max . Hence the total time spent accelerating
a1 a2
⎛1 1⎞
and decelerating is t1− 2 = t1 + t2 = vmax ⎜ + ⎟.
⎝ a1 a2 ⎠
2
vmax v2
(b) The distances while accelerating and decelerating are d1 = and d 2 = max , respectively. Thus the
2a1 2a2
2
vmax ⎛1 1⎞
distance traveled at maximum speed is d − ⎜ + ⎟ . The minimum time required between the
2 ⎝ a1 a2 ⎠
 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Konkuk University

v2
⎛1 1⎞
d− max
⎜ + ⎟
2 ⎝ a1 a2 ⎠ d v ⎛1 1⎞
two stations is tmin = t1 + + t2 = + max ⎜ + ⎟ .
vmax vmax 2 ⎝ a1 a2 ⎠

3. (a) When t = 0 , x = 2 and y = 6 . The distance is d = 22 + 62 = 40 = 6.32 .

(b) When t = 2 , x = 10 and y = 14 . The car’s position is (10, 14). The displacement from t = 0 to t = 2 is
d = (10 − 2) 2 + (14 − 6) 2 = 128 = 11.31 .
3 2
2 2
⎛ dx ⎞ ⎛ dx ⎞ ⎡ 16 ⎤ 2
( 4t ) + ( 3t )
2 2 2
∫ ∫ dx + dy = ∫ ∫0 dt = ∫ t 9t + 16dt = ⎢t 2 + ⎥
2 2
(c) S = ds = + =
2 2 2 2
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ dt
0
⎝ dt ⎠ ⎝ dt ⎠ 0
⎣ 9⎦
0

= 11.52
(d)
2 3 40
x( t) := 2 + 2 ⋅ t y ( t) := 6 + t
30

y ( t ) 20

10

0
5 10 15 20
x( t )

dr
(e) v = = 4ti + 3t 2 j . At t = 2 , v (2) = 8i + 12 j = 14.42 / 56.3° .
dt
dv
a= = 4i + 6tj . At t = 2 , a(2) = 4i + 12 j = 12.65 / 71.6° .
dt

π rt
4. vt = s = , vn = 0 .
2
πr v2 π 2r t 2
at = v = , an = = .
2 r 4

v2 v2 2402
5. an = ≤ 4 g . The minimum allowable radius of turn is ρ ≥ = = 1.468 × 103 m = 1.468 km .
ρ 4 g 4 ⋅ 9.81

1000 10 1000
6. For circular motion, aθ = at , ar = −an . at = −4 = − = −1.111 m/s 2 . v = 175 = 48.6 m/s .
3600 9 3600
48.62
At t = 0 , at = −1.111 m/s , ar = − = −3.94 m/s 2 .
2

600
(48.6 − 1.111) 2
At t = 1 s, at = −1.111 m/s , ar = − = −3.76 m/s 2 .
2

600
(48.6 − 1.111⋅ 6) 2
At t = 6 s, at = −1.111 m/s , ar = − = −2.93 m/s 2 .
2

600
 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Konkuk University

7. (a) vr = r = 4t , vθ = rθ = 8t . v = 4te r + 8t eθ .

3 3

(b)

r ( θ) := θ

r (θ)
0 2 4 6

θ π
(c) When θ = π / 6, t = = .
2 12
vr = 4t = 2.05, vθ = 8t = 1.072.
3

⎛ 1.072 ⎞
v = 2.052 + 1.0722 = 2.31 m/s, β =30° + tan −1 ⎜ ⎟ = 57.6° .
⎝ 2.05 ⎠

v
vr
vθ
β

30°
r( θ )
0 0.2 0.4