Bal Bharati Public School, New Delhi 

Social Science (Marking Scheme)

Class – X (2017-18) SET A 
PLEASE INCLUDE QUESTIONS FOR EACH ANSWER AS GIVEN IN THE MARKING SCHEME
1 State the main aim of Treaty of Vienna signed in 1815. 1

Undo​ most of the changes that had come about in Europe.

OR
Oppose French control and expansion of Christianity.
2 Injustices of caste system 1

OR
1. Allows the reader to relish the suspense of a story over a longer period of time
2.Keeps discussion alive among readers and live for weeks with their stories
3. Hold interest of the readers
Any other relevant point
(any one point)

3 Soil erosion and land degradation (wasteland) 1

(0.5x2)
(Any other relevant point)

4 1.Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy 1

2.It involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise and those who have to live with
its effects.
3. People have the right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.
(any one point)

5 i) Those who wish to import these toys will have to pay tax on ​toys​. Toy sellers in turn transfer 1
these taxes to consumers. Because of the tax, buyers will have to pay higher price on imported
toys.
ii) Chinese toys will no longer be as cheap in the Indian market. Toy imports from China will
automatically decline. (0.5x2)

6 Banks charge higher rate of interest on loans than what they offer on deposits. The difference 1
between what is charged from borrowers & what is paid to depositors is their main source of
income.

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7 Right to choose 1

8 1. The first half of the 19​th​ century saw an enormous increase in population all over Europe. 3
2. In most countries there were more ​job seekers than the number of jobs available.
3. ​People​ from rural areas migrated to cities in overcrowded slums.
4. Small producers in towns were often faced with stiff competition from imports of cheap
Machine-made goods from England.
5. Peasants struggled under the burden of feudal dues and obligations.
6 .The rise of food prices ​and years of bad harvest​ led to widespread pauperism in towns and
countryside. (1x3)
(any three points)

OR
1. The French sought to strengthen their rule in Vietnam through the control of education.
2 .They tried to change the values, norms and perceptions of the people, to make them believe
in the superiority of French civilization and inferiority of the Vietnamese.
3.Vietnamese on the other hand , feared that Vietnam was losing not just control over its
territory but identity; its own culture and customs were being devalued .
4.The battle against French colonial education became part of the larger battle against
colonialism and for independence.
Any other relevant point
( any three points​) (1x3)

9 1. Pedlars were employed by book sellers, who roamed around villages carrying little books 3
for sale. There were almanacs, along with ballads and folk tales.
2. Penny chapbooks carried by petty pedlars known as Chapmen in England, and sold for a
penny, so that even poor could buy them.
3. In France ‘Biliotheque Bleue’ –low priced small books printed on poor quality paper and
bound in cheap blue covers.
4. Literature for entertainment, began to reach ordinary readers as well with the help of pedlars
5. Books on romances printed on four to six pages and more substantial histories which were
stories about the past.
​Any other relevant point
( any three points​ ) (1x3)

OR
1.Middle class became prosperous
2. Women got more leisure to read and write novels.
3.Novels began exploring the world of women- their emotions, experiences, problems etc.
4. Novels were about domestic life
5. Women drew about their experiences, wrote about their family life and earned public
recognition.
6. Some novels portrayed women as rebellious, independent & protesting against established
norms of society .
Any other relevant point
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 ( any three points​) (1x3)

10 (i) Indian farmers face challenge from international competition due to reduction in the 3
import duties.
(ii) There is no increase in public investment in agriculture sector especially in irrigation,
power, rural roads, marketing, refrigeration, etc.
(iii) Subsidy on fertilizers has been declining leading to increase in the cost of production.
(iv) Low level investments by farmers from agriculture resulting in slow or little growth of
production and productivity
(vi) Lack of alternative employment opportunities for small farmers and agricultural
labourers.
(vii) Vagaries of Monsoon rainfall/climate change affected the crop productivity.
(​Any 3 points or any other relevant point​)
(1x3)
11 1. Modernisation of agriculture: Excessive use of chemical fertilizer results into the washing 3
away of the chemicals and finding its way to rivers leading to deterioration of the water
quality.
2. Urbanization: Increasing urban population and their needs has resulted into the pollution of
the water bodies along with reducing the amount of water available for industries and
agriculture.
3. Growth of industries: The chemical effluents discharged from the industries without its
proper treatment leads to water pollution.
(​Any other relevant point​)
(1x3)

12 3
Coming together federation Holding together federation

1. Independent states come together to Large power decides to divide power

form bigger unit
2. Units try to increase their security by
pooling sovereignty and retaining
identity
3. All constituent units have equal
power and are strong vis-à-vis the
federal government
(​or any other but only three relevant
points​)
between constituent units and national
government
Absence of pooling sovereignty and
retaining identity
Central government tends to be more
powerful vis-à-vis the states. Sometimes
constituent units of federation have unequal
powers.

13 1. If rulers are willing to share power and accommodate demands of minority, social divisions 3
become less threatening
2.But if they try to suppress demands , end result is opposite
3.Attempts at forced integration sow seeds of disintegration

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 Eg Belgium adopted accommodation policy ,so no war; Sri Lanka adopted majoritarian
policy, suppressing demands of Tamils, resulting in civil war
Any other but only three relevant points ​(1x3)

14 1. Although individuals have political equality, we find growing economic inequalities. 3

2. A small no. of ultra-rich enjoys a highly disproportionate share of wealth & incomes.
3. The income of those at the bottom of society is declining so much that it becomes difficult to
meet their basic needs.
4. Poor constitute a large proportion of our voters ,yet democratically elected governments do
not appear to be keen to address the question of poverty as we expect them to do so.
Any other but only three relevant points ​(1x3)

15 1. Having money is not an indicator of the possession of all material goods and services that 3
people require in their lives.
2. ​Using money, we cannot buy pollution free environment or ensure that we get unadulterated
medicines.
3. Money may also not able to protect us from infectious diseases, unless the whole of your
community takes preventive steps.
16 Banks accept deposits and pay ​interest to its customers​ for the amount deposited with them. 3
● People’s money is safe with the banks and they earn an interest as well.
● People can withdraw the money as ​and​ when they require.
● Banks​ use the major portion of their deposits to extend loans.
● There is a huge demand for loans for ​organizing​ various economic activities.
● Banks create employment and income to the people of a nation and contribute to
national development. ​( Any three points) 1x3
17 ● Globalization intensified competition among producers - both local and foreign. 3
● Globalisation benefitted consumers, particularly the well-off sections living in the
urban areas.
● There is a greater choice before these consumers who now enjoyed improved quality
and lower prices for several products.
● As a result, these people today enjoy much higher standards of living than was possible
earlier.
(any three or other relevant points)

18 When  a  consumer  in  the  market  place  is  forced  to  buy  a  product,  sold  at  higher  price  or  not  3
able  to  return  if  found  defective  or  sold  defective  product,  ​he  is  considered  as  exploited​. 
Consumers are exploited in the following ways: 
● Deceptive Advertising
● Unreasonable prices
● Adulteration
● Poor quality products
● Deceptive packing
● Underweight supplies
● Deficiency in services (two-sentence elaboration of any three points)
(1x3)

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19 1 .Collapse of system of fixed exchange rates and introduction of a system of floating 5
exchange
rates since U.S. dollar could not maintain its value in relation to gold
2. In 1970’s international financial system changed –developing countries started taking loans
from western commercial banks and private lending institutions. ​This​ led to periodic debt crisis
in the developing world, and lower incomes especially in Africa and Latin America
3. Industrial world was hit by unemployment between 1970 and 1990.
4. MNCS began to shift operations to low wage Asian countries.
5. Using low wage rates prevailing in countries like China, MNC’S try to capture the world
market
6. Relocation of industries to low wage countries increased trade and capital flow
(These or any other but only five relevant points) ​ (1x5)

OR
1. British mills were busy with war production to meet the needs of army; Manchester imports
to India declined.
2. Suddenly Indian mills got a vast home market to supply.
3.As the war prolonged, Indian factories called upon to supply war needs: jute bags and cloth
for army uniforms, tents etc
4. New factories set up, old ones ran multiple shifts
5. Many new workers employed and everyone was made to work for longer hours.
6. The levels of industrial production in many countries boomed. (1x5)

OR
1. For the upper classes, an annual “​London Season”​ was one of the sources of leisure. It
comprised the opera, the theatre and classical music events.
2. For the working classes, ​pubs, discussions and meetings​ for political action served the
same purpose
3. ​Libraries, art galleries and museums​ were new types of entertainment brought about
through the utilization of state money.
4. ​Music halls and cinema theatres​ too became immensely popular with the lower classes.
5. Industrial workers were encouraged to undertake ​seaside vacations, ​so as to derive the
benefits of sun and bracing winds.
Any other relevant points.
(any five points​) (1x5)

20 1. Dr.B.R.Ambedkar ​mobilized​ dalits and formed an organisation - Depressed Class 5

Association in 1930.
2. Clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at Second Round Table Conference in London by
demanding separate electorates for dalits .
3. When British Government conceded Ambedkar’s demand , Mahatma Gandhi began fast
unto death.
4.Mahatma Gandhi believed that separate electorates would slow down the process of their
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 integration into society.
5.Ambedkar ultimately accepted Gandhiji’s position and result was Poona Pact of September
1932.
6. It gave depressed classes (later known as the Schedule Caste) reserved seats in Provincial
and Central Legislative Councils. These were to be voted by general electorate.

OR
Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe that they are all part of same nation, when
they discover unity that binds them together.
-There were variety of cultural processes through which nationalism captured people’s
imagination
1.​Image of Bharat Mata​-​ The identity of India came to be visually associated with the image
of Bharat Mata, which was created in 1870 by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. He wrote
‘Vande Mataram’ as a hymn to the Motherland. Inspired by the Swadeshi Movement,
Rabindranath Tagore painted his famous image of Bharat Mata.
2 .​Folklore & songs​:​ The idea of nationalism was also developed by reviving the Indian
Folklore.
In late-nineteenth-century India, nationalists began recording folk tales sung by bards and they
toured villages to gather folk songs and legends. This was done to promote the traditional
culture that had been corrupted and damaged by western forces. It was essential to preserve
this folk tradition in order to discover one’s national identity and restore a sense of pride in
one’s past.
3. ​Icons and symbols​: During the Swadeshi movement in Bengal ,a tricolor flag (red, green
and yellow) was designed. By 1921 Gandhiji designed the Swaraj flag which was a tricolor
(red, green and white) and had a spinning wheel in the centre, representing the Gandhian ideal
of self-help. Carrying the flag, holding it aloft, during marches became a symbol of defiance.
4. ​Reinterpretation of history ​:​By the end of the nineteenth century many Indians began
feeling that to instill a sense of pride in the nation, Indian history had to be thought about
differently. The British saw Indians as backward and primitive, incapable of governing
themselves. In response, Indians began looking into the past to discover India’s great
achievements. They wrote about the glorious developments in ancient times. The nationalist
historians urged the readers to take pride in India’s great achievements in the past and struggle
to change the miserable conditions of life under British rule.
Any other relevant point
(Answer to be assessed as a whole​)

21 i) Promote modernisation of agriculture 5

ii) Eradication of unemployment and poverty
iii) Increase in ​India’s Foreign exchange reserves
iv) Transformation of raw material into finished goods of higher value
v) Reduces the regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
vi) Reduces the heavy dependence of people on agriculture sector.
(​Any other but only five relevant points to be explained​)
1x5

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22 The principal mode of transportation is railways. 5
Significance of Railways
i) Railways make it possible to conduct multifarious activities like travelling for different
purposes – migration, business, sightseeing and pilgrimage along with transportation of goods
over longer distances.
ii) Apart from an important means of transport the Indian Railways has been a great integrating
force for more than150 years
iii) Railways in India bind the economic life of the country.
iv) Railways accelerates the development of the industry and agriculture
(Any other relevant point) (1+4)
OR
Need for conservation of minerals:
i) We are rapidly consuming mineral resources that require millions of years to be created and
concentrated.
ii) The geological processes of mineral formation are so slow that the rates of replenishment
are infinitely small in comparison to its consumption.
iii) Continued extraction of ores leads to increasing costs as minerals extracted comes from
greater depth along with decrease in quality.
iv) We need to save some of these minerals for the future generation also.
(Any two points)
Three methods to conserve minerals​:
i) We must make use of minerals in a planned and sustained manner.
ii) Improved technologies need to be constantly evolved to allow the use of low grade ores at
low cost.
iii) Recycling of metals, using scrap metals and other substitutes ​can help in conserving ore
mineral resources for the future.

(Any other relevant point​) (2+3)

23 1. People marry within their own caste 5

2 .Untouchability has not ended completely, despite constitutional prohibition
3. Effects of centuries of advantages and disadvantages continue to be felt today.
4.The caste groups that had access to education under the old system have done very well in
acquiring modern education and those who didn’t have access to education lagged behind.
5. There is disproportionately large presence of ‘upper caste’ among urban middle classes in
our country.
6.Caste continues to be closely linked to economic status.
Any other relevant point)
(any five points) ​(1x5)
24 1.​To contest in elections​-In most democracies, elections are fought mainly among the 5
candidates put up by political parties. Parties select their candidates in different ways. In India,
top party leaders ​or committees set up by the party leaders​ choose candidates for contesting
elections

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 2.​ Forming policies and programmes​. Parties put forward different policies and programmes
and the voters choose from them. Each of us may have different opinions and views on what
policies are suitable for the society.
3. Making laws​: When parties come to power, they make laws for the country. Formally, laws
are debated and passed in the legislature. Members of the ruling party follow the directions of
party leaders, irrespective of their personal opinions.
4. ​Form and run the government: ​Parties recruit leaders, train them and then make them
ministers to run the government in the way they want.
5. ​Role of opposition​: Parties that lose in elections, play the role of opposition to the parties in
power by criticising the government for its failures or wrong policies.
6. ​Shaping public opinion:​ They raise and highlight issues. Parties have lakhs of members
and activists spread all over country. Many of the pressure groups are the extension of political
parties among different sections of society. Parties, sometimes also launch movements for the
resolution of problems faced by people.
7. ​Access to government machinery​: For an ordinary citizen, it is easy to approach a local
party leader than a government officer. That is why they feel close to parties even when they
do not fully trust them. Parties have to be responsive to people's needs and demands.
(Any five of these or other relevant points) ​(1X5)

OR
Suggestions to reform politics:

1. Legal ways of reforming politics are very tempting. However, only carefully devised
changes in law can help to discourage wrong political practices and encourage good ones.
Democratic reforms should be carried out by political activists, parties, movements and
politically conscious citizens.
2. A legal change must carefully look at what results it will have on politics. Laws that seek to
ban something are not very successful in politics. Laws that give political actors incentive to
do good things have more chances of working.
3. Best laws are those which empower people to carry out democratic reforms. One such act is
the Right to Information Act​. It​ is a good example which empowers people to find out what is
happening in the government. Such a law helps in controlling corruption.
4. Democratic reforms need to be carried out through strengthening its practice. There should
be an increase in quality of political participation by ordinary citizens.
5. Any proposal for political reform should ​include​ not only what is a good solution but also
about who will implement it and how. It is not wise to think that legislatures will pass
legislations which go against the interest of Members of Parliament, but measures that rely on
democratic movements, citizen’s organisations and media are likely to succeed.
(Any five of these or other relevant points)

25 Primary Sector 5
● As the method of farming changed and the agricultural sector began to prosper, it
produced much more food than before.
● Many people could now take up other activities. Buying & selling activities increased
many times.

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 ● However, at this stage most of the goods produced were natural products from the
primary sector and most people were also employed in this sector.

Secondary sector

● Over a long period new methods of manufacturing were introduced, factories came
up and start expanding.
● Those people who had earlier worked in farm now began to work in manufacturing
sector.
● This sector gradually became the most important sector in the total production and
employment.

Tertiary sector

● In the past 100 years, there has been further shift from secondary to tertiary sectors in
developed countries.
● The service sector has become ​the most​ important, in terms of total production.
● Most of the working people are also employed in the service sector. This is general
pattern observed in the developed countries.

This type of developmental path is not happening in India and in the most developing
countries. In India, still most people depend on agriculture for jobs but the share of output
(less than 20%) has declined with rapid increase in the share of service sector (more than
60%).

Full marks may be given if the answer contains pie or bar diagrams depicting the change in
the share of different sectors over the period of 40 years in India.

OR
As the population increase, the number of people who required to be fed also increases and 5
hence the need for generating employment opportunities arises. There has been a big change
in the three sectors of the Indian economy
● In the primary sector, in agriculture, modern technology has been introduced. With
the arrival of green revolution, increased irrigational methods, there are noticeable
changes in the sector.
● Industrial production has also increased several times therefore providing more
employment opportunities to the unemployed.
● Similarly in tertiary sector, there are more people coming for getting employment.
New development of the primary and secondary sectors leads to the development of
service like transport, trade, storage etc.
● Many policies introduced recently in India did not lead to rapid growth of
employment opportunities in India.
● Despite rapid increase in the share of output in manufacturing and service sectors,
unemployment still exists in India.

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 (full marks may be given if students provide some examples of ways through which
employment is generated in their areas)

MAP-BASED QUESTIONS

26 Amritsar 1

27 Champaran 1

29 Locate and label the following places on the given outline political map of India: (1+1) 3
a. Mumbai Software Technology Park
b. Vishakhapatnam Port

Identify and write the following places marked on the same given outline political map of India
and write their names: (0.5+0.5=1)
c. Korba ​(Coal Mine)
d. Digboi ​(Oil Field)

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