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Royal Thai Army

 Shiftin Security Trends


 Coordination Needs and Realities between
Military and CSOs
 RTA in Dealing with DRO: Case Study
Royal Thai Army
 Resource Needed (Single or Multiple)
 Problem Complexity (Low or High)
 Type of Security (Human or Nation)
 Type of Threat (Human or Nature)
 Level of Innovative Coordination (Low or High)
Multiple Resources

• High Coordination • Very High Coordination


• Low innovation • Very High innovation

Low Complexity High Complexity


Of Problem of Problem

• Low Coordination • High Coordination


• Low innovation • High innovation

Single Resources
 Modern Threats/Problems along Borders
 Insurgency in South Deep
 Traffic in Bangkok
 Green House Effect
 Political Conflict
 So on
Human Security

• High Participation • Very High Participation


• Low innovation • Very High innovation

Low Complexity High Complexity


Of Problem of Problem

• Low Participation • High Participation


• Low innovation • High innovation

Nation Security
 Political/Administration:
• Individual Confidence in a power of the state
 Economic
• Individual Confidence in an enough income for living
 Social
• Individual Confidence in trust and understanding among people
 Safety
• Individual Confidence in safety in live and assets
 So on
Nature-Based Threats

Large to Very
Small to Large Scale
Very Medium Disaster
Small Scale
Scale Disaster
Disaster

Low High
Coordination Coordination

High to Very High


Less to
Complex Threats
Medium
Very less Complex
Complex
Threats
Threats

Human-Based Threats
 Nature-Based Threats
• Flooding
• Wild Fire
• Earth quark
• Tidal Wave
• So on
 Human-Based Threats
• Pollution
• Climate Change
• War
• Internal Conflict
• So on
Royal Thai Army
Multiple Resources

• High Coordination • Very High Coordination


• Low innovation • Very High innovation

Low Complexity High Complexity


Of Problem of Problem

• Low Coordination • High Coordination


• Low innovation • High innovation

Single Resources
 Level of involved organization
• Strategic Level: Government, Special Organizations
• Operation Level: Ministry-Based Organizations
• Tactical Level: Many Types of Units in the operation areas
 Root of Problems
• Political/Administration
• Economic
• Social
• Technology
• Security
• So on
 There exists the differences between Military and
CSOs
• Culture (Norms)
• Rules and Regulations
• Knowledge
• Technology
• Working Process
• Beliefs and Values to do things (Mutual benefits)

These differences are constraints


to establish innovative coordination
Civil Society Organizations Military

No Arms Carry Arms


Flexible Set Systems
Flat structure and delegated Hierarchical / command structure
authority
Independent Highly disciplined
Ethic centered Task centered

*World Vision International


Multiple Resources

• High Coordination • Very High Coordination


• Low innovation • Very High innovation

Low Complexity High Complexity


Of Problem of Problem

• Low Coordination • High Coordination


• Low innovation • High innovation

Single Resources
 Naturally, organizations maintain their comfort zone
 Coordination is established when
• They mutually see possible loss(es): not often
• They are externally forced by government or influential civil
society(s) when huge damage already generated: quite often
 In order to establish coordination these difference must
be reduced/adjusted
• Beliefs and Values to do things
• Culture (Norms)
• Rules and Regulations
• Knowledge
• Technology
• Working Process
Distance of Differences

Optimum Optimum
Distance Distance

 Optimum Distance generate these mutual


 Beliefs and Values to do things
 Culture (Norms)
 Rules and Regulation
 Knowledge
 Technology
 Working Process / Practice
Royal Thai Army
 National law: Civil Disaster Prevention Act
 National Plan: National Civil Defense Plan
 Management of the Plan:
• Ministry of Interior
 Administration of the Plan:
• Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Defence Disaster Relief Center
(DDRC)

Office of Permanent Secretary for Defence Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters
Disaster Relief Center Disaster Relief Center
(OPSD DRC) (RTAFs HQs DRC)

Royal Thai Army Royal Thai Navy Royal Thai Air Force Unit directly reported to
Disaster Relief Center Disaster Relief Center Disaster Relief Center RTAFs Disaster Relief
Center
(RTA DRC) (RTN DRC) (RTAF DRC)
(Unit directly reported to
RATFs HQs DRC)
 Administer, coordinate, direct and supervise
 Encourage the rendering of assistance
to the disaster victims
 Use of RTA’s media resources to warn and report to
the public
 Coordinate operations and practice
 Provide knowledge and training
 Carry out campaigns to enhance the prevention of
accidents or disasters as assigned by the Ministry of
Defense
 Develop procedures for disaster
 RTA Disaster Relief Center
• 4 Regional Disaster Relief
Centers
• The Military Districts/
Circles Disaster Relief
Centers
o To formulate policies and guidelines
o To provide guidelines in assisting disaster victims
o Act as a coordination center
o Supervises/monitors the situations and events
o To render timely assistance to disaster victims
 Preparation Stage
 Operation Stage (Level 1, 2, and 3)
 Rehabilitation Stage
o Monitor situation, gather data and information
o Prepare personnel, equipment, tools and
communication systems
o Confirms coordination, support, procedures and safe
evacuation areas with civil agencies
o Level 1 is a minor disaster
o Level 2 is a moderate disaster
o Level 3 is a major disaster
 Handled by the local civilian authorities.
 Situation cannot be controlled or managed by local civilian
authorities
 Requires support from various agencies within the
province, or nearby provinces
 The Ministry of Defense will closely monitor the situation, if
the degree of disaster continues to increase from level 1 to
level 2 and beyond, the ministry will take the appropriate
actions.
 Affecting the majority of the public or a
situation
 Plan, administer, coordinate, monitor and publicize
available assistance
 Provide personnel to rebuild/repair infrastructure
and public property
 Restore the environment
 Provide the necessities of life
 Set up psychological rehabilitation activities
 Survey damages for future assistance
 Flood
 Shortages of water
 Cold weather
 Forest and bush fires
 So on
 Domestic
• Tsunami
 Other Countries
• Bangladesh: Cyclone Syd
• Union of Myanmar: Nargis
• Laos People’s Democratic Republic: Monsoon Kammuri
 Low awareness of natural risk:
• Regionally
• Nationally
• Locally
 No preventive Mechanism
 Noplan in managing a large scale natural disaster
 NoMOU in managing international or regional
disaster management
 Help promote awareness of natural risk:
• Regionally
• Nationally
• Locally
 Involve in developing preventive technology with
other sectors
 Many international forums have been held to
promote cooperation
 The cooperation between nations in the region is
increasing through many kinds of activities such as
seminars and trainings
 More Innovative Coordination is needed
 More Vertical Implementation into Local Level is
sustainably needed
• Local Preventive Awareness
• Local Preventive Education and Training
• Local Preventive Participation
 So on

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