Teaching aptitude for UGC

TEACHING APTITUDE
Teaching is a complex process which brings socially desirable behavioural change in a
person. Teaching is a part of teaching-learning process. It is required to bring certain changes
in a person according to the need of his society and environment in which he is living.
‘Teaching is not an act as it is dynamic in nature so it is termed as process. It is also not a
fundamental concept as it is greatly influenced by social and human factors. Teaching is both
art and science. It is an activity involving teacher and student with a view to the development
of student.’ The main aim of teaching is to bring about socially desirable behavioural changes
in the students and can be achieved only if teaching is effective and based on certain values
or principles.
Teaching is one of the main parts of the teaching-learning system. So effective teaching is
mostly depending on the teacher. It is a common fact that a good teacher is born and not
made. Training and research can make a good teacher better and a better teacher best.
Teacher should follow various methods of teaching devised from time to time. A teacher
encourages the practice of thinking among students. Teacher should give to the students the
freedom and opportunity to express their ideas.
Teaching is required to give education to the students. Education may be defined as the
process of drawing out least in an individual. We can define education as "the aggregate of all
processes by means of which a person develops attributes, attitudes and other forms of
behaviour of positive value in the society in which he lives". We can also define it as "the
social process by which people are subjected to the influence of a selected and controlled
environment, so that they may attain social competence and optimum individual
development".
The complete process of education must contain four common factors (i) Educator (teacher)
(ll) Educand (Student) (iii) the subject matter (iv) the context (setting). Now, education is the
process of developing some abilities in an individual. Though abilities are inborn quality, it is
also a fact that these can be nurtured and developed in an Educand through various means by
an educator.
Education must also be relevant and useful to the society in which Educand has to live. Since
every individual is unique in their own way, the educator has to adopt strategies and methods
suitable to individual needs. Education must also be productive. The educational productivity
(rate of efficiency of work) can be classified as .qualitative and quantitative. For better
education both qualitative and quantitative productivity is required. Quality means here the
excellence in the part of textbook, teachers-students’ aids, facilities and other teaching aids
where as quantity refers the number of teachers, institutions, professionals, etc. Education and
teaching are interrelated. Education is a complex social cultural and ethical process designed
in a social or cultural content. It is related with social structures, cultural environments,
values, and ideas of people, society and government. All these factors are dynamic in nature.
So teaching is also a dynamic process and its definition changes according to place and time.
Morrison defines it as a “disciplined social process in which teacher influences the
behaviours of the less experienced pupil and helps him develop according to the needs and
ideas of the society”.
Smith termed it as an organised system of worker. He/she must have proper guts to lead
specific activities aimed to help the learner learn by an example at a superior level as he is the
something, leader of his pupil. He/she has to exercise an analytical approach makes it clear
that necessarily influence for bringing the desired neither of the definition fulfils the purpose,
modification in behaviour. A good definition of teaching should Teacher works to change the
behaviour of (i) Tell whether teaching is a process or students according to the need of the
society (ii) Clearly indicates constitutional factors and He/she must also creates situation to
increase the thinking capacity of mind of students (iii) Reveals objectives, and give education
to the people (iv) Say something about its organisational tri-polar process involving educator,
educant and 'structural aspect, and social milieu. The educant is dependent. According to this
analysis we can define variable of education whereas educator is teaching as a tri-polar
process involving human independent variable. Social milieu is required or material source of
teaching students and for the direction of education. Education should set of organised
activities designed and develop intellectual, moral, aesthetic, manipulated for bringing
changes in the democratic, material and economic life to make behaviours of the taught, our
country a leading force Hard work, and Since teaching is a process and' it is mental alertness
should be the rest requisite of dynamic in nature so it changes its concept the educational
training according to time and place.
The teacher has to provide intellectual and activity. Teaching can be analysed and. social
leadership. He is to follow a curriculum assessed. This is analysis and assessment, but his
task is beyond this. He acts as an ideal provides feedback for further improvement in for his
students. He has to follow the way of methods of teaching. Teaching is highly simple life
with great thinking, His morale dominated by communication skill. It is should be high. He
must be competent. His interactive process carried with purpose and efficiency and
enthusiasm is also very objectives, Teaching may have various forms as important. He must
also possess some other formal, informal, directional, instructional, qualities ·as he is the
private of educational informational; training, conditioning, talking: system. Such as the use
of good means for good showing, etc. All these words single handily can't ends, clear
thinking no prejudice, ability of be synonym of teaching. Teac41ng is a much critical
judgements at the right time, tolerance broader term, and all these activities airports of are all
needed for a teacher. Teacher must be teaching at different level ready to impart to their
students all Teaching has been analysed in several information geographical, historical,
political ways for understanding it, for designing social practical and strategic and scientific,
teaching methods and materials with a view to complete educational process has four real
specific objectives making teaching important common factors more effective. This
modification is based on (i) teacher (ii) student (iii) subject matter feedbacks. Teaching skill
is one of the most (iv) setting (context).
Important thing required for it teacher not the only require, Teaching involve Teacher is a
person, who, due to his rich or interaction. So, communication skill, unusual experience in
education or both in a personality, attitude, attribute, interest all given field is able to
contribute to the growth these are also counted for effective teaching. And development of
the other person who comes as teacher cannot be regarded only as a skilled in contact with
him. There are four dimensions associated with a teacher, his competence, efficacy,
enthusiasm and morale.
Teacher's competence: Teacher's competence has been defined as the extent to which the
teacher has relevant subject matter and the pedagogical expertise needed to impart the
curriculum effectively.
Teacher's efficacy: It is defined as the self belief in his capacity of doing what is expected
from them.
Teacher's enthusiasm: A teacher must be very enthusiastic.
Teacher's Morale: It is very important in maintaining balance in the classroom interaction.
The various factors contributed to the morale are psychological well being, self esteem;
commitment to a cause; Knowledge and identification with the organisational goal. The
teachers’ morale is a combination of psychological, physiological and environmental cause.
These four factors 'are seen in process of effective classroom interaction.
CLASSROOM INTERACTION
The classroom interaction between a student and a teacher is completely based on the climate
created by teacher. He should be able to bring the bendiness of friendship with a definite
degree of firmness. The interaction must be smooth and pleasant without any friction for a
complete and fruitful teaching learning process.
Normally, verbalism' goes on in the name of teaching. Students are merely expected to listen
to the explanation and lectures. This is known as direct teaching. The effectiveness of direct
teaching has been questioned many times and it is found that this type of teaching is not very
effective one. For effective teaching the active, participation of students is very important.
This participation is done through the classroom interaction. 'This interaction consist of their
explanations and lectures with students, suggestions, ideas concepts, and questions, etc.
These activities of students make important for making teaching learning process effective,
democratic and friendly.
Interaction is required for the rectification of the drawbacks of direct teaching. This
interactive teaching is known as indirect teaching. Through the interaction; the teacher
analyses the capacity and requirement of students and can bring subsequent changes in their
behaviour according to the requirement and can also change way of teaching. One of the most
important things in classroom interaction is the communication.
SUBJECT MATTER
It is also known as curriculum. Curriculum is a "general overall plan of the content or
specific material of instruction that an educational institution should offer to the student by
way of qualifying him for graduation or certification". It is also a body of prescribed
educational experience under an institutional supervision, designed to provide an individual
with the best possible training and experience to fit him for the society of which he/she is a
part, or to qualify him for a trade or profession. It is also defined as "a subject matter,
instructional materials, and situations of experience that may, help to develop understanding,
skills, appreciation and attitudes". , Curriculum should be logical, psychological and
according to the needs of the pupil and also the society. It should be objective in approach.
Curriculum can be of two types:
(i) Teacher oriented curriculum: ''In this type of 'curriculum the process of selection of
materials content is based on the needs-of the instructor/teacher. The teacher is proficient in
his particular field and is considered superior.
(ii) Child/student oriented curriculum: A curriculum in which the criteria for the selection
and sequence of material, activities and experiences for any particular pupil are the needs,
maturity, interests and experiential backgrounds of the individual child.
In our country the NCERT is the main institution authorised for making curriculum. Every
state has its own curriculum making bodies known as SCERT. Some states follow the
NCERT curriculum. All schools affiliated uses. This is the most important step of teaching
learning process. The CBSE boards generally follow NCERT curriculum.
At higher level every university make their own curriculum according to the guidelines of
University Grant Commission which acts for the uniformity in curriculum at higher level in
our country.

Qualities of a teacher
(i) Teacher should be mentally and physically fit.
(ii) Teacher should be keen in his work and should be enthusiastic and anxious to
keep his knowledge fresh & update.
(iii) He should possess patience and tolerance and try to study the difficulties and
problem of students and try to solve them in a quiet and calm manner.
(iv) He should have feelings of love and sympathy.
(v) He must not be superstitious about his students and class.
(vi) He should be well dressed and well mannered.
(vii) His voice should be sweet, polite and clear.
(viii) His language should be understandable to the students.
(ix) He must not give any false promise.
(x) He/she should have interest in his profession and the knowledge must be updated.
(xi) He must not have any bad habits.
(xii) Teacher must have a good communication skill and must be a master of his area
or field of teaching.
(xiii) Teacher should be trained in various methods of teaching.
(xiv) He should know the child psychology.
(xv) Teacher should be a good researcher.
(xvi) He should have a control over students to maintain peace and order in class.
(xvii) Teaching should be pupil central rather than subject centred.
(xviii) Teacher should arise interest among students about the subject.
 (xix) Teacher must be fair in grading and marking.
(xx) Teacher -should organise extra-curricular activities for better understanding of
subject matter.
(xxi) Good interpersonal relationship should be maintained.
(xxii) Rewards and punishments should be given according to their behaviour but
usually punishment should be avoided.
(xxiii) Teacher should use modern techniques, methods and gadgets in teaching for
better understanding of subject matter.
(xxiv) Teacher should evoke curiosity of the pupils by presenting the subject matter in
an effective manner with clear explanation leading to better understanding of the
matter.
(xxv) Teacher should arrange subject matter in a logical way.
(xxvi) Teacher should make a lesson plan before presenting the lesson in the class.
(xxvii) Teacher should work as a leader in the class.
(xxviii) Teacher should maintain a democratic atmosphere in the class so that every
student will be able to put his doubt, questions and ideas with suggestion.
(xxix) Teacher should act as a role model for his students with his character and
behaviour. He may follow the way of "simple living and great thinking".
(xxx) Teacher should inspire his pupil.

CONTEXT (SETTING)
Previously schools were not designed to successfully teach all students. Nowadays their
motto has been changed. Their new motto is 'DO LEARN'. This setting is dynamic and
flexible. This is changing in view -of making it beneficial to society rather than for an
individual.
Teaching is a process carried out in different steps. There are five main steps of teaching
(i) Preparation: This stage is required or intended for the preparation of both the teacher and
the students. The teacher prepares the student for a new topic or lesson in variety of ways.
(ii) Presentation: At this stage the new lesson actually begins. The students know that what
they are going to learn. The subject material should be carefully arranged by the teacher. He
has to encourage the students to observe, compare and contrast the facts presented to them.
This stage requires mental alertness from the students. The presentation rests in. the principle
of selection of the area to be covered. It is not necessary for a• teacher to cover up all areas of
the course of study. He may leave some areas for students self study.
(iii) Comparison: In this section after presentation of subject matter, the student is given
opportunity to compare two or more sets of facts. This enhances the understanding of lesson
among students as they compare and observe different facts.
(iv) Generalisation: This stage comes after the comparison and observation. Different types
of conclusions can be drawn from comparison and generalisation. These conclusions are
systemised in a particular order to give a generalised truth.
(v) Application: At this stage the generalised facts are applied for various practical situations
and problems to learn the impact of the models and theories.

Teaching aptitude for UGC: Multiple Choice Questions

1. Students should prefer those teachers who

(a) dictate notes in the class
(b) give important questions before examination
(c) can clear their difficulties regarding subject-matter
(d) are themselves disciplined
Ans. (c)

2. Which one of the following is an ODD statement?

(a) Majority of teachers use lectures method
(b) Most of the classrooms are poorly equipped
(c) Knowledge is static
(d) One way interaction prevails in the classrooms
Ans. (a)

3. Which of the following statements is a traditional conception of aesthetic philosophy?

(a) Beauty is the main theme in traditional aesthetics
(b) Architectural beauty never attained the artistic greatness
(c) Aesthetic philosophy is determined by the technical qualities of art
(d) Love of wisdom supersedes the love of beauty
Ans. (c)
4. Students can he classified into four types on the basis of their learning. Which one of the
following -seeks meaning and reasoning for learning?
(a) Innovative learner
(b) Analytic leper
(c) Commonsense learner
(d) Dynamic learner
Ans. (b)

5. Effective communication takes place when

(a) source is attractive and authoritarian
(b) message design incorporates audience
(c) modern communication technologies are used
(d) receivers arc passive recipients
Ans. (b)

6. While presenting your ideas in a classroom it is better to

A. recognize that there can be other views
B. recognize that students are not a homogenous mass
C. take dissenting views also in consideration
(a) A ad C
(b) Only C
(c) B and C
(d) A. B and C
Ans. (d)

7. An ideal situation in a classroom would he where

A. a teacher comes fully prepared to deliver his lecture
B. students come fully prepared and discuss the subject with each other in the
teacher’s presence
C. teachers and students discuss the subject
D. the teacher uses audio-visual aids while lecturing
(a) A and C
(b) C and D
(c) Only B
(d) Only D
Ans. (a)

8. What is more desirable in a classroom?

(a) A teacher delivering a lecture on the basis of the text and his own research
(b) A teacher delivering a lecture on the basis of course content and standard hooks
(c) A teacher answering questions raised by students
(d) A teacher maintaining strict discipline and taking attendance regularly
Ans. (a)

9. Modern communication technology is used in distance education to ensure

(a) wider and effective. reach of standard material
(b) that students are inducted to modern technology
(c) that education is globalized and higher standards arc achieved
(d) enhancement of efficacy of teaching due to limited interpersonal links
Ans. (d)

10. A university teacher should normally

(a) he preoccupied with sensitive research areas
(b) strike a balance between teaching, research and guidance
(c) publish annually at least two scholarly research articles
(d) concentrate on writing textbooks
Ans. (b)

11. Teachers who are enthusiastic in the classroom teaching

(A) Often lack proficiency in the subjects which stays hidden under their enthusiasm
(B) Simply dramatize to hold the student’s attention
(C) Involve 1their students in the teaching- learning process
(D) All of the above
Ans. (C)

12. Which of the following steps would you consider first as an effective communicator?
(A) Select the channels of communication
(B) Plan the eva1uatio procedure
(C) Specify the objectives of communication
(D) Identify various media for communication
Ans. (C)

13. Which of the following media can be used effectively in large group communication?
(A) Television
(B) Overhead Projector
(C) Video
(D) Computer
Ans. (B)

14. Which of the following provides more freedom to the learner to interact?
(A) Small group discussion
(B) Use of film projector
(C) Viewing countrywide Classroom Programme on TV
(D) Lecture by experts
Ans. (A)

15. Any effective communication system employs a feedback system in order to

(A) Make the necessary modifications in the process
(B) Understand more about the content
(C) Find faults with the sender (the teacher)
(D) Find faults with the receiver (the student)
Ans. (A)

16. Below are given some essentials of teaching competencies:

(i) Assisting in the conduct of co-curricular activities
(ii) Motivating students for learning.
(iii) Improving class room management
(iv) Knowing subject matter thoroughly
(v) Taking interest in college administration
Which one of the following combinations is most appropriate for class-room teaching?
(A) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(B) (i), (ii), (iii) and (v)
(C) (i), (iii), (iv) and (v)
(D) (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v)
Ans. (A)

17. What will you do as a teacher if the students do not attend your class?
(A) Blame the student to there absence
(B) Keep quiet considering the present attitude of students as the change of the culture.
(C) Think of using some interesting methods of teaching
(D) Know the reasons and try to remove them
Ans. (D)

18. If majority of students in a large class are invariably found dozing, there may be
something wrong with
(A) The students concerned
(B) The teaching process
(C) The physical atmosphere of the class-room
(D) All of the above
Ans. (D)

19. Why’ should one prefer teaching to other professions?

(A) For the service of humanity
(B) For love for teaching
(C) For love for youths
(D) For mastery over the subject of teaching
Ans. (B)

20. What will you do as a teacher if the students do not attend your class?
(A) Ignore the fact
(B) Punish the students
(C) Try to make teaching interesting and effective
(D) Understand the reason and try to remove them
Ans. (D)

21. Below is given a statement. Mark

(A) If the statement is fact
(B) If the statement is an advice
(C) If the statement is an opinion
(D) If the statement is a prejudice
With the growth of industrialisation rivers in India are getting more and more polluted.
Ans. (A)

22. Which statement from the following does not suit a teacher? The teacher is
(A) Really interested in students
(B) Able to direct and discipline students
(C) Reluctant to adapt himself to new situations
(D) Enthusiastic about the work that the teachers do
Ans. (C)

23. The students who keep on asking questions in the class

(A) Should be advised to meet the teacher after the class
(B) Should be encouraged to participate in classroom discussion
(C) Should be encouraged to find answer independently
(D) Should be encouraged to continue questioning
Ans. (D)

24. Which characteristic from the following is least connected with a teacher?
(A) Command over subject matter
(B) Command respect from political leaders
(C) Good rapport with the students
(D) Effective verbal communication
Ans. (B)

25. In what way does communication in small group differ from that in the large group?
(A) Small group provides for more interaction among the participants
(B) Interaction in small group is more restrictive
(C) Small group takes less time to convey the message
(D) Large group communication provides better feedback
Ans. (A)
26. Major limitation of the mass communication is
(A) It is very costly
(B) The feedback system is weak
(C) More time is required to produce the message
(D) The success largely depends upon the producer
Ans. (B)
27. A student who is in the habit of stealing is to be dealt with…..
(A) Punishment
(B) Counselling
(C) Scolding
(D) None of these
Ans. B

28. Why do you prefer a teaching job?

(a) it is comfortable as well as responsible
(b) it gives opportunity to impart knowledge to others
(c) it is a less responsible vocation
(d) it is highly remunerative
Ans. B

29. ‘Education is the creation of a sound mind in a sound body’. Whose words as these?
(a) Sankaraacharya
(b) Swamy Vivekanandan
(c) Aristotle
(d) Plato
Ans. B

30. The branch of psychology that specialise in teaching and learning is:
(a) Social Psychology
(b) Educational Psychology
(c) Para Psychology
(d) Applied Psychology
Ans. B