Tutorial sheet # 6

1. A plant has large number of machines for processing the raw materials. The machine
breakdowns are random and independent
Time between machine
Probability Repair Time
breakdown(hrs) Probability
(hrs)
0.5 0.05
1 0.28
1 0.06
2 0.52
1.5 0.16
3 0.2
2.0 0.33

2.5 0.21

3 0.19

The recording is done for past 100 observations. For each machine hour that one
machine is down due to being or waiting to be repaired, the plant losses Rs.70 by way of
lost production. The repairman is paid at Rs.20 per hour.

1) Simulate the system for 15 breakdowns

2) How many repairmen should the plant hire for repair?

2. An owner of a petrol pump with a single attendant wishes to perform a simulation of his
operation to see weather any improvement is possible. He studies the system and found
that an average of 6 customers arrive for service with random arrival times and form a
queue, and the attendant provides service for exactly 9 minutes. For simulating arrival
times of customer, he has selected 10 random numbers with expected length of intervals
as 3.62, 1.78, 1.84, 1.31, 1.27, 0.14, 1.71, 0.77, 0.97, and 1.32.
a) Find total idle time for attendant
b) Total waiting time for customers
a) Maximum queue length during this period
If the service time is reduced to 6 minutes, what is quality of the service?

3. Car arrives randomly at a toll lane and pay tolls if necessary. It waits and served in the
order of its arrival. The inter arrival time is uniformly distributed between 0 and 9. The
time to pay is also random and takes 0 to 9 seconds and follow the distribution
1/ 2
f (t)  t 0t9
6
0 elsewhere
Generate the arrival times from column 5 and the paying times column 6 of random digit
table. (Assume all derived number to their nearest integer).Find arrival times and the time
taken to pay the tolls for the first five cars. At what times does the fifth car clears the toll
booth.

At a drive through outlet there is enough space for 2 cars only (including one receiving
service).Customer arrival at the outlet is exponentially distribution with mean interarrival
time of 6 minutes. Customer either places a small order with p  0.65 or a large order
 with p  0.35 . Service time at the outlet is uniformly distributed for both types of orders.
The service time for small order varies from 4 to 6 minutes whereas it varies from 6 to 10
minutes for large orders.
Simulate the working of outlets by processing 10 arrivals. Assume that there were no
customers at the start of simulation. Mention how many customers will join the queue and
what will be the average time spent before the customer starts receiving service.

4. A small factory consists of a machining centre and an inspection centre, finished parts
arrive in the factory with mean inter arrival time of 10min. The inter arrival time is
exponentially distributed. It takes 6 min to machine part after the machining is over the
part is inspected. The inspection time is 3min. After inspection 80% of parts are right and
there are shifted out. Rest goes to machining centre for remachining. Part sent for
remachining join the queue of the machining center. Remachining requires 15 minutes,
after remachining no inspection is done and the part directly goes out.
Simulate the working of the factory till two parts are remachined and at least 4 part are
processed. Also report the arrival and departure time of first four parts.

5. An owner of a petrol pump with a single attendant wishes to perform a simulation of his
operation to see whether any improvement is possible. He studies the system and found
that an average of 6 customers arrive for service with random arrival times and form a
queue, and the attendant provides service for exactly 9 minutes. For simulating arrival
times of customer, he has selected 10 random numbers with expected length of intervals
as 3.62, 1.78, 1.84, 1.31, 1.27, 0.14, 1.71, 0.77, 0.97, and 1.32.
c) Find total idle time for attendant
d) Total waiting time for customers
b) Maximum queue length during this period
If the service time is reduced to 6 minutes, what is quality of the service?

6. People arrive at a telephone booth at the mean rate of 10 minutes with S.D. = 5 minutes.
If the telephone is busy, 50% of the people come back 5 minutes later to try again. The
rest give up. Assuming a call takes 6 minutes with S.D. = 3 minutes, count how many
people have given up by the time when 5 calls have been completed

7. Suppose that claims are made to an insurance company according to Poisson process with
rate 4 per day. The amount of claim is random variable that has an exponential
distribution with mean Rs 1000/-. The insurance company receives payments
continuously in time at a constant rate of Rs 4200/- per day. Starting with an initial capital
of Rs 5000/-, use simulation to estimate probability that firm’s capital will remain
positive in next 5 days.
8. Develop manual simulation using event scheduling for dump truck problem and find busy
time to loader and scale for period of 1 hour (60 min). Three dump trucks are used to haul
coal from a mine to railroad. Each truck is loaded by one of two loaders. After loading,
the truck immediately moves to scale, to be weighted. Both loader and scale have first-
come- first served queue. After being weighted a truck begins a travel time afterward
returns to loader queue. The distribution for various times given below:
Loading 5 10 15 Weighing 12 16
time time
Probability .3 .5 .2 P .7 .3
Travel 40 60 80 100
time
P .4 .3 .2 .1

9. in a manufacturing system, parts are being manufactured at a rate of one every six
minutes. They are of two types A and B and are mixed randomly with about 10% of type
B. a separate inspector is assigned to examine each type of parts. The inspector of part A
takes a mean time of 4 minutes with a standard deviation of 2 minutes, but part B takes a
mean time of 20 minutes and a standard deviation of 10 minutes. Both inspectors reject
about 10% of the parts they inspect. Simulate the system for a total of 10 type A parts
accepted, and determine, idle time of inspectors and average time a part spends in the
system.

10. A bombing mission is sent to bomb a military target, which is rectangular in shape and
has dimensions 300 by 500 meters. The bombers will drop 4 bombs altogether, from high
altitude all aimed at the geometric centre of the target. Assume that the bombing run is
made parallel to the long dimension of the target that the deviation of the impact point
from the aiming point is normal with mean zero and standard deviation 200 along long
dimension and 100 meter in the other direction, determine the expected number of bomb
hits. Simulate the system for 3 bomb drops to estimate the result.

11. Simulate an M/M/2/3 system for the first 30 minutes of operation, if the mean arrival time
is three minutes and the mean service time for each server is 6 minutes.

12. The arrival rate of breakdown machines at a maintenance shop follows exponential
distribution with a mean of 4 per hour. The service rate of machines by a maintenance
machines also follows exponential distribution with a mean of 3 per hour. The downtime
cost per hour of a breakdown machine is ` 200. The labour hour rate is ` 50. Determine
the optimal number of maintenance mechanics to be employed to repair the machines
such that the total cost is minimized.

13. Six dump trucks are used to have coal from entrance of the mine to a railroad. Each truck
is loaded by one of the two loaders. After loading, a truck immediately moves to the scale,
to be weighed as soon as possible. Both the loaders and scale have first come first served
 waiting line for trucks. Travel time from a loader to scale is considered negligible. After
being weighed, a truck begins travel time (during which time truck unloads) and
afterwards returns to loader queue. The activities of loading, weighing and travel time are
given in the following table:

Loading time 10 5 5 10 15 10 10
Weighing time 12 12 12 16 12 16
Travel time 60 100 40 40 80

14. End of simulation is completion of two weighings for each truck from the scale. Depict
the simulation table and estimate the loader and scale utilization. Assume that five of the
trucks are at the loaders and one is at the scale at time 0.

15. Jobs arrive at a workstation at fixed intervals of one hour. Processing time is
approximately normal and has a mean of 56 minutes per job, and a standard deviation of
4 minutes per job. Simulate the system for 20 jobs. Determine operator idle time and the
job waiting time. Assume that the first job arrives at time zero. Use the fixed time
increment model.

16. Consider the following continuously operating maintenance job shop. Inter arrival
times of jobs are distributed as follows

Time between Probability

arrivals (Hours)
0 .23
1 .37
2 .28
3 .12
Processing times for jobs are normally distributed with mean 50 minutes and standard
deviation 8 minutes. Construct a simulation table and perform a simulation for 10 new
jobs. Assume that, when simulation begins, there is one job being processed (scheduled to
be completed in 25 minutes) and there is one job with a 50 minutes processing time in
the queue.
(i) What was the average time in the queue for the 10 new jobs?
(ii) What was the average processing time of the 10 new jobs?
(iii) What was the maximum time in the system for the 10 new jobs?

17. Average daily sales of a product are 8 units. The actual number of units each day is 7, 8,
or 9 with probabilities 0.3, 0.4, and 0.3 respectively. The lead time for delivery of this
product averages 4 days, although the time may be 3, 4, or 5 days with probabilities 0.2,
0.6, and 0.2. The company plans to place an order when the inventory level drops to 32
units (based on average demand and lead-time). The following random numbers have
been generated:

Set 1: 60, 87, 46, 63, 50, 76, 11, 04, 97, 96, 65

Set 2: 52, 78, 13, 06, 99, 98, 80, 09, 67, 89, 45
 Use set 1 to generate lead-times, and use set 2 to simulate daily demand. Simulate two
ordering periods and determine how often the company runs out of stock before the
shipment arrives.

Assume an order quantity of 32.

18. The time between arrivals at a drive-through window of a fast-food restaurant follows the
distribution given below. The service time distribution is also given in the table. Use the
random numbers provided to simulate the activities of the first five arrivals. Assume that
the window opens at 11:00 A.M. and that the first arrival is after this based on the first
interarrival time.

Time Probability Service Probability

Between Time
Arrivals
1 0.2 1 0.3
2 0.3 2 0.5
3 0.3 3 0.2
4 0.2

Random numbers for arrivals: 14, 74, 27, 03

Random numbers for service times: 88, 32, 36, 24
What time does the fourth customer leave the system?

19. A small grocery store has only one checkout counter. Customers arrive at this checkout
counter at random from 1 to 8 minutes apart. Each possible value of interarrival time has
the same probability of occurrence, The service times vary from 1 to 6 minutes with the
probabilities shown in Table The problem is to analyze the system by simulating the
arrival and service of 20 customers.

(Minutes) ProbabilityProbability
1 .10
2 .10
3 .05
4 .25
5 .20
6 .30