BE : SER - ESTAR - HABER

Pronombres de SUJETO (quien hace la acción) they /déi/: ellos/ellas (personas o cosas)
I /ái/: yo (quien habla) she /ʃi/: ella (1 persona de quien hablamos)
we /wi/: nosotros (quien habla + otros) he /hi/: él (1 persona de quien hablamos)
you /iú/: tú, usted, vosotros, ustedes it: una cosa animada o inanimada (singular) (todo lo que
(la persona con quien habla) no sea ser humano)

1) SIMPLE PRESENT → SOY / ESTOY : am, is, are (soy, estoy, es, esta, eres, estas, son, etc.)
Affirmative (+) Negative (-) Interrogative (?) Short Answer
I am from Spain I am not from Spain Am I late? Yes, I am
No, I'm not
He/She/It is from Spain He/She/It is not from Is he/she/it from Spain? Yes, he is
Spain. No, he's not/He isn’t
We/You/They are from We/You/They are not from Are we/you/they from Yes, we are.
Spain. Spain. Spain? No, we 're not/ we aren't

2) SIMPLE PAST → ERA / ESTABA: was /woz/, were /we:/(era, estaba; eramos, estabamos; etc)
Affirmative (+) Negative (-) Interrogative (?) Short Answer
I/He/She/It was in Madrid I/He/She/It was not in Was I/he/she/it in Madrid Yes, he was.
yesterday. Madrid yesterday. yesterday? No, he wasn’t.
We/You/They were in Madrid We/You/They were not in Were we/you/they in Yes, we were.
yesterday. Madrid. Madrid yesterday? No, we weren’t.

3) FUTURE SIMPLE → SERÁ / ESTARÁ : will be (seré, estaré; serás, estarás; serán...)
Affirmative (+) Negative (-) Interrogative (?) Short Answer
Subject + will be in Madrid Subject + will not be in Madrid Will +S+be in Madrid Yes, he will.
tomorrow. tomorrow. tomorrow? No, he won’t /uóunt/

4) PRESENT PERFECT → HA SIDO / HA ESTADO: have been / has been

Affirmative (+) Negative (-) Interrogative (?) Short Answer
I/We/You/They have been to I/We/You/They have not Have I/we/you/they been to Yes, I have
Spain. been to Spain. Spain? No, I haven't
He/She/It has been to Spain. He/She/It has not been to Has he/she/it been to Yes, he has
Spain. Spain? No, he hasn't

5) PAST PERFECT → HABÍA SIDO / HABÍA ESTADO: had been

Affirmative (+) Negative (-) Interrogative (?) Short Answer
I/we/you/they/he/she/it had I/we/you/they/he/she/it had Had I/we/you/they/he/ she/it Yes, I had
been to Spain before coming not been to Spain before been to Spain before coming No, I hadn't
to stay. coming to stay. to stay?

6) FUTURE PERFECT → HABRÁ SIDO / HABRÁ ESTADO : will have been

Affirmative (+) Negative (-) Interrogative (?) Short Answer
By 2020 I will have been By 2020 I will not have been Will we have been living Yes, we will.
living here for 25 years. living here for 25 years. here for 25 years by 2020? No, we won't.
* been /bí:n/: sido, estado.
 Exercises:
Expresiones con BE Affirmative (+) Negative Interrogative (?)
(-)
1. Yo soy … I am …
2. Soy de Alicante. I'm from Alicante.
3. Ella es mi hermana. THIS is my sister.
4. Tienes razón / Estás equivocado. You are right/wrong.
5. Las indicaciones son correctas. The directions are right/wrong.
6. Soy soltero/ Estoy casado. I am single/married.
7. Me gusta el pop. I am into/ fond of/ keen on pop
music.
8. Soy secretaria. I am a secretary.
Soy ingeniero. I am an engineer.
9. Somos buenos para cocinar. We are good at cooking.
10. Se nos da mal cocinar. We are bad at cooking.
11. Es tarde. It's late.
12. Es temprano. It's early.
13. Llegas tarde. You are late.
14. Llegas a tiempo.(puntual) You are on time.
15. Llegas temprano. You are early.
16. Son las doce. It is twelve o’clock.
17. Él tiene prisa. He is in a hurry.
18. Él está de vuelta en casa. He is back home.
19. Él está fuera (no está en casa). He is out.
20. Estamos en casa. We're at home.
21. Estoy en el trabajo. I am at work.
22. Estoy de vacaciones. I’m on holidays
23. Él va a viajar. (plan) He is going to travel.
24. Estoy bien, gracias. I'm fine/OK/all-right/good, thanks.
25. Tengo 25 años de edad. I am 25 (years old).
26. Tengo hambre. I am hungry.
27. Tengo sed. I am thirsty.
28. Tengo calor. I am hot.
29. Tengo frío. I am cold.
30. Tengo miedo a los reptiles. I am afraid of reptiles.
31. Estoy cansada. I am tired.
32. Él está dormido. He is asleep.
33. Hace frío. It is cold.
34. Hace calor. It is hot.
35. Soy capaz de hacerlo. Puedo I am able to do it. I can do it.
36. Estoy acostumbrado a vivir aquí. I am used to living here.
37. Está encendido/ apagado. It is on/off
38. Está disponible en otro color. It's available in another colour.
39. Estoy disponible/libre mañana I'm available/free tomorrow.
40. Estoy ocupado/liado. I'm busy.
Luego de hacer las oraciones negativas e interrogativas de cada una, puedes conjugar el verbo BE en Pasado
Simple(4 al 35), luego en Futuro Simple (8 al 34), luego en Presente Perfecto (4 al 40).

Singular PluRal
Present Simple I am He/She/It iS We/you/they aRe
Past Simple I* /He/She/It waS We/you/they weRe
Present Perfect S. He/She/It haS been I* /We/you/they have been
 Repaso general del verbo BE (Ser –Estar – Haber – Voz Pasiva)
Ser – Estar:
Present Simple I am / he-she-it iS / we-you-they aRe es está
Past Simple I-he-she-it waS / we-you-they weRe era estaba
Future Simple subject + will be será estará
Present Perfect Simple he-she-it haS been / I-we-you-they have been ha sido ha estado
Past Perfect Simple subject + had been había sido había estado
Future Perfect Simple Subject + will have been habrá sido habrá estado

1) Tiempos continuos:

Present Continuous I am /he-she-it iS / we-you-they aRe + Verb-ing está haciendo

Past Continuous I-he-she-it waS / we-you-they weRe + Verb-ing estaba haciendo
Future Continuous subject + will be + Verb-ing estará haciendo
Pres. Perf. Continuous he-she-it haS been / I-we-you-they have been + V-ing ha estado haciendo
Past Perf. Continuous subject + had been + Verb-ing había estado haciendo

2) Haber:
Present Simple (Incontables + Sing.)There is / There are (Plural) hay
Past Simple There was / There were había
Future Simple There will be habrá
Present Perfect Simple There has been / There have been ha habido
Past Perfect Simple There had been había habido
Future Perfect Simple There will have been habrá habido

3) Voz Pasiva: subject + BE + Verb-ed / Verb 3º Column (Irregular verbs)

En español tenemos 2 formas de voz pasiva, en inglés solo 1 Usada en inglés Usada solo en español
Present Simple S + am/is/are + V-ed/3º Col algo es hecho algo se hace
Past Simple S + was/were + V-ed/3º Col algo fue hecho algo se hizo
Future Simple -ed/3º Col
S + will be + V algo será hecho algo se hará
Present Perfect S S + has/have been + V-ed/3º Col algo ha sido hecho algo se ha hecho
Past Perfect S. S + had been + V-ed/3º Col algo había sido hecho algo se había hecho
Future Perfect S. S + will have been + V-ed/3º Col algo habrá sido hecho algo se habrá hecho
Present Cont. S + am/is/are + being + V-ed/3º Col está siendo hecho se está haciendo
Past Cont. S + was/were + being + V-ed/3º Col estaba siendo hecho se estaba haciendo
Future Cont. S + will be + being + V-ed/3º Col estará siendo hecho se estará haciendo
Pres. Perf. Cont. S + have/has+been+being + V-ed/3º Col ha estado siendo hecho se ha estado haciendo
Past Perf. Cont. S + had been + being + V-ed/3º Col había estado siendo hecho se había estado haciendo