Variable Pressure Distillation

Given:
•
nA = 1 mol, PA = 200 torr
•
nB= 2 mol, PB = 100 torr

overall composition: ZA= 0.33

YA= 0.33
composition liquid: XA

composition vapor: YA
XA= 0.33

liquid
c 200 a. pure A
a b. pure B
c. all liquid, pressure too high
d. composition of liquid for first
vapor
PB PA e. composition of vapor for first
d vapor
g e f. composition of vapor for last
f liquid
g. composition of liquid for last
100 vapor liquid
b

0 0.33 1
XA

• •
1. Raoult's Law: PA = XA PA PB = XB PB
• •
2a. Dalton's Law: Ptot = PA + PB = XA PA + XB PB
• •
2b. Ptot = XA PA + (1 - XA ) PB
3a. Dalton's Law: PA = YA Ptot or YA = PA / Ptot
•
X A PA
3b. YA =
• •
XA PA + (1 - XA ) PB

Example 1: Find Ptot and YA for the first vapor that forms ( point e):

Ptot = 0.333 (200torr) + 0.667 (100torr) = 133 torr (equation 2a)

0.333 (200torr)
YA = = 0.50 (equation 3a)
133 torr
Example 2: Find XA and Ptot for the last liquid that remains ( point g):

XA 200torr
YA= 0.333 = X (equation 3b)
A 200torr + (1 - XA ) 100torr
solve for XA to get XA= 0.20

Ptot = 0.20 (200torr)+ 0.80 (100torr) = 120 torr (equation 2a)

Variable Temperature Distillation

P=1atm
use Clausius-Calpeyron to get
110 pure liquid boiling points:
vapor
P -∆ H 1 1
100 ln( 2) = vap ( - )
P1 R T2 T1

T at 100°C:
•
PA =1440 torr
•
PB = 570 torr
liquid
82.3

0 0.219 1
XA
2-methylpropanol 2-propanol

Example 3: Find the composition of the liquid and vapor that boils at 100°C:

760 = XA 1440 torr + (1 - XA) 570 torr (equation 2b)

solve for XA to get XA= 0.219

0.219 ( 1440 torr )

YA = = 0.415 (equation 3a)
760 torr