DNA VIRUSES

Double-Stranded DNA, Icosahedral Capsid, Naked Viruses

VIRUS MODE OF TRANSMISSION STATE OF LATENCY DISEASE/S

 Respiratory route  Pharyngitis

Adenovirus  Fecal-oral route Replication in oropharynx  Keratoconjunctivitis
 Direct contact (eye)  Pneumonia
 Hemorrhagic cystitis
 Gastroenteritis in children

Papovavirus
 Skin warts
 Oncogenic Potential  Direct contact Epithelial Tissue  Benign head and neck tumors
(HPV Types 16 & 18)  Anogenital warts

Oncogenic Potential (HPV Types 16 &

18)
 cervical cancer
 penile cancer

 Polyomavirus / Wart  Probably direct contact Kidney Reactivation in immunocompromised

virus with infected tissue patients:
 Hemorrhagic Cystitis (BK virus)
 Progressive Multifocal
 Leukoencephalopathy ( JC virus)
Double-stranded DNA, Icosahedral Capsid, with envelope (Enveloped DNA Virus)

Herpes Virus HSV – 1: Gingivostomatitis

 Direct contact with infected Sensory Nerve Ganglia Pharyngitis
 Herpes simplex virus secretions Herpes labialis
type 1 & 2 Conjunctivitis
Keratitis

HSV – 2: Genital infection

Disseminated Diseases in
neonates
 Close personal contact Dorsal Root Ganglia  Chicken Pox (Varicella)
 Varicella –zoster especially respiratory  Shingles (Zoster)
virus ( VZV)

 Close contact with infected  Congenital disease of newborn

 Cytomegalovirus secretions White Blood Cells  Heterophile-negative infectious
(CMV)  Blood transfusion (WBCs) Endothelial Cells, mononucleosis
 Organ transplant
 Transplacental

 Close contact with infected B Lymphocytes  Infectious mononucleosis

saliva  Progressive Lymphoreticular
 Epstein – Barr Virus disease
(EBV)  Oral hairy leukoplakia

Oncogenic Potential:
 Burkitt’s Lymphoma
 Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

 Human Herpes virus  close contact or respiratory T Lymphocytes  Exanthem subitum

6 (HH 6)  (Roseola / Rose Rash)- a rose-
colored rash
appearing on the skin
Partly double-stranded DNA , Icosahedral capsid,
enveloped Virus

 Humans are reservoir and Liver  Acute infection with resolution

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vector. Body contact (90%)
including  Fulminant Hepatitis (1%)
exchange of body secretions;  Chronic Hepatitis (9%)
recipient of contaminated  Serum/ Transfusion Hepatitis
blood products; and per-
coetaneous injection of virus. Oncogenic Potential: Liver Cancer
Single-stranded DNA, Icosahedral, naked virus

Parvovirus B – 19  Close contact, probably respiratory  Erythema infectiosum (Filth

Disease)
 Fetal infection
 Stillbirth

RNA VIRUSES

Single-Stranded RNA, Helical Capsid, Enveloped Viruses

VIRUS MODE OF TRANSMISSION DISEASE/S

Paramyxovirus
 Contact with respiratory
 Measles Virus / Rubeola secretions  Measles

 Mumps virus  Person-to-person contact,  Mumps

presumably respiratory
droplets

 Parainfluenza Virus
respiratory contact
 Respiratory Syncytial Virus
(RSV)
Rhabdovirus / Rabies Virus
Orthomyxovirus
 Influenza A Virus
 Influenza B Virus
Bunyavirus
 Arbovirus
 Contact with respiratory
secretions
 Person-to-person by hand and
 Bite of rabid animal most
common
 contact with respiratory
secretions
 Contact with respiratory
secretions.
 Mosquito Vector
 Adults – upper respiratory, rarely pneumonia
 Children - respiratory including bronchiolitis,
Pneumonia and croup ( a disease of the throat
characterized by hoarse coughing, laryngeal spasm and
the formation of false membrane.
 Infants: bronchiolitis, pneumonia and croup
Children: upper respiratory
Disease occurs annually late fall through early spring
 Rabies
 Influenza (malaise, headache, myalgia, cough)
 Primary Influenza Pneumonia
 In children: bronchiolitis, croup and otitis media
 Similar to mild influenza
`
 Encephalitis
Coronavirus  Unknown, probably direct  Common Cold
Contact or aerosol  Gastroenteritis especially in children

Reovirus
 Fecal-oral route. Survives well  Gastroenteritis in infants and children 6 months to 2
 Rotavirus in inanimate objects years.

Single-stranded RNA, Icosahedral capsid with envelope

Togavirus  Rubella (mild exanthematous disease or a disease

 Respiratory accompanied by skin rashes as in smallpox and
 Rubella virus  Transplacental measles) / German Measles
 Congenital rubella

Flavivirus
 Arthropod vectors, usually  Eastern, Western Venezuelan and St. Louis
 Arboviruses mosquitoes Encephalitis; Dengue Fever and Yellow Fever

 Hepatitis c virus  Parenteal or sexual  Acute and Chronic Hepatitis or referred to as Non-A,
Non-B Hepatitis) / Post-transfusion Hepatitis
Single-stranded RNA, Icosahedral capsid, naked virus

Picornavirus
 Fecal-oral route  Polio – Poliovirus
 Enteroviruses  Herpangina – Coxsackie A
 Hand-foot-mouth Disease – Coxsackie B
a. Poliovirus (3 Types)  Pleurodynia – Coxsackie B
b. Coxsackievirus  Pericarditis and Myocarditis – Coxsackie B
Group A (23 Types)  Acute hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis – Enterovirus 70
c. Coxsackievirus  Aseptic Meningitis – many enteroviruses types
Group B ( 16 Types)  Fever, myalgia, summer flu – many enteroviruses
d. Echovirus (31 Types) types
e. Enteroviruses (5 Types)

 Fecal-oral route  Hepatitis with short incubation, abrupt onset, and low
mortality. No carrier state. / Infectious Hepatitis
 Hepatitis A Virus
(Enterovirustype 72)
 Contact with respiratory  Common Cold
secretions

 Rhinovirus

Retrovirus (HIV)
 Human Immunodeficiency Virus  Sexual Contact, Blood and  AIDS and AIDS related complex
Types 1 And 2 (HIV 1 and 2) blood products exposure, and
perinatal exposure

 Human T – Lymphotropic Virus

(HTLV-1, 2 and 5)  Known means of transmission  T-cell Leukemia
are similar to HIV  Lymphoma
 Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HTLV -1)
 Oncogenic Potential: T-cell Lymphoma (HTLV -1)