Belilios Public School

Half-yearly Examination, 2015 – 2016

Biology

Secondary 4 Time allowed: 2 hours

Maximum marks: 100

Instructions:

This paper consists of TWO sections, A and B.

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (30 marks)

Put the best answer on the Multiple Choice Answer sheet.

Section B: Structured questions (70 marks)

Write your answers in the space provided in the Question-Answer Book.

Name: ………………………………………..

Class : ………….. ( )

Biology Class No. : ……………..

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Section A : Multiple Choice Questions (30 marks)

1. Answer ALL questions.

2. Put the best answer on the Multiple Choice Answer Sheet provided.
3. Note that you may only mark ONE answer to each question. Two or more answers will
score NO MARKS.

Directions: Questions 1 and 2 refer the diagrams below, which show four types of teeth and the
position of permanent teeth in the jaw of humans.

(1)
(2)
W X
(3)
(4)

(5)

(6)
Y Z
(7)

(8)

1. Which of the following combinations correctly shows the position of the four types of teeth?

W X Y Z
A. (6) (5) (2) (1)
B. (6) (2) (3) (5)
C. (7) (3) (4) (6)
D. (8) (2) (3) (6)

2. Which type of teeth is absent in the milk teeth?

A. W
B. X
C. Y
D. Z

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Directions: Questions 3 and 4 refer to the graph below, which shows the digestion of three
types of food substances (X, Y and Z) along the alimentary canal. The width of
each band indicates the amount of the food substances.

X
food substance

mouth oeso- stomach small colon

cavity phagus intestine
alimentary canal

3. Which of the following substance(s) is / are digested in the stomach?

A. X only
B. Y only
C. X and Y only
D. X, Y and Z.

4. Food substances X, Y and Z are

X Y Z
A. starch protein lipid
B. lipid starch protein
C. protein starch lipid
D. protein lipid starch

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Directions: Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following diagram which shows part of the human
alimentary canal, with a string marked in metres beside.

X
Y

5. Which of the following correctly describes the action of sphincters at X and Y in the above
diagram?

Sphincter at X Sphincter at Y
A. relaxes contracts
B. relaxes relaxes
C. contracts contracts
D. contracts relaxes

6. If the alimentary canal is cut at 2 and 7 metres, which of the following process(es) will be
affected?

A. digestion
B. digestion and absorption
C. absorption and assimilation
D. digestion, absorption and assimilation

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7. Which statements are true for all enzymes?

(1) They are proteins.

(2) They are secreted into the gut.
(3) They speed up biochemical reactions.
(4) None of them work at low pH.

A. (1) and (3) only

B. (1) and (4) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (2) and (4) only

Directions: Questions 8 and 9 refer to the diagram below, which shows the route of transport
of absorbed food in our body.

small
vessel P liver vessel Q
intestine

body cells aorta heart vessel R

8. Which of the following correctly matches vessels P, Q and R?

P Q R
A. hepatic vein hepatic artery vena cava
B. hepatic portal vein hepatic artery hepatic vein
C. hepatic vein hepatic artery hepatic portal vein
D. hepatic portal vein hepatic vein vena cava

9. Which of the following food substances is not transported along the above route?

A. galactose
B. alcohol
C. vitamin C
D. vitamin D

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10. An investigation was carried out into the effect of various chemicals on the permeability of
the cell membrane and vacuolar membrane of beetroot cells. Beetroot cell vacuoles contain a
red pigment, which cannot pass out of the cells because it cannot diffuse through their
vacuolar membrane and cell membranes.
1 cm3 cubes were cut from beetroot and washed in running water for twenty minutes to
remove any pigment released from damaged cells. They were then placed in different
solutions and the results observed. In each case the solution turned red.
What shows the correct behaviour of phospholipids and proteins in different solutions?

Solution phospholipid Solution Protein

dissolve denatures
A. dilute HCl  water at 40℃ 
B. dilute HCl  ethanol 
C. ethanol  dilute HCl 
D. water at 40℃  ethanol 

11. The diagram shows two plant cells, X and Y. The water potential of cell X is -1100 arbitrary
units while cell Y has -1400 arbitrary units.

In which direction and by what process will water move between two cells?

direction process
A. X to Y active transport
B. X to Y osmosis
C. Y to X active transport
D. Y to X osmosis

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Directions: Questions 12 and 13 refer to the following diagram which shows an experiment on
osmosis using a potato tuber. A washed potato was cut to form a base. After that, a
cavity was made and water (X) was added to the cavity. The whole potato was then
placed into a glass dish containing 10% sucrose solution (Y) at room temperature.

water (X)
potato
potato skin
glass dish
10% sucrose
solution (Y)

cut surface

12. Which of the following correctly describes the volumes of X and Y after 12 hours?

Volume of X Volume of Y
A. decreases increases
B. increases increases
C. increases decreases
D. decreases decreases

13. Which of the following treatment(s) can lead to a greater change in volume of X and Y after
12 hours?

(1) using 5% sucrose solution instead of 10% sucrose solution

(2) using 20% sucrose solution instead of 10% sucrose solution
(3) increasing volume of 10% sucrose solution (Y) in the glass dish

A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

14. Metabolism is

A. all the chemical processes occurring in living cells.

B. the breaking down of old useless structures in living cells.
C. the building up new tissues in living cells.
D. the replacement of old and useless structures by new ones in living cells.

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15. Which of the following substances are normally found in the faeces of a healthy person?

(1) bile pigments

(2) bacteria
(3) dead intestinal epithelial cells

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

16. Cylinders of potato tissue were placed in different concentrations of sugar solution. The
graph below shows the percentage change in length of the cylinders of potato tissue.

% change
in length

concentration of sugar solution (mol)

What is the water potential of the potato tissue?

A. 0.0 mol
B. 0.2 mol
C. 0.3 mol
D. 0.4 mol

17. The cell wall of a plant cell is removed using an enzyme. What would happen if this cell is
then placed in distilled water?

A. It would take longer for the cell to become turgid.

B. Proteins in the cytoplasm would leave through the cell membrane.
C. The cell would become smaller as water passes out.
D. The cell would burst as water moves into it.

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18. The table shows the concentrations of some mineral ions in the root hair of a plant and in the
soil around it.

concentration in the root concentration in the soil

mineral ion
hair (arbitrary units) (arbitrary units)
magnesium 75 15
nitrate 126 47

How are these mineral ions absorbed from the soil by the plant?

magnesium nitrate

A. active transport active transport

B. active transport diffusion
C. diffusion active transport
D. diffusion diffusion

19. The graph below shows the effect of temperature on activity of an enzyme.

Which of the followings statements correctly describes the enzyme reaction?

A. The enzyme is denatured at 0oC and 50oC.

B. The reaction taking place at 50oC is faster than that at 20oC.
C. There are more collisions between substrate and enzyme molecules at 37.5oC than at
50oC.
D. The amount of product collected at the end of the reaction is greatest if the reaction
takes place at 37.5oC.

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Directions: Questions 20 and 21 refer to the experiment shown below:

20. The gas in the froth could

A. relight a glowing splint.

B. turn lime water milky.
C. turn red litmus paper blue.
D. burn with a pop sound in the air.

21. Which of the following were the explanations of the results?

(1) Potatoes contained catalase.

(2) Potato discs contained more enzyme than a potato cylinder.
(3) Potato discs provided a larger surface area for the action of enzymes.

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

22. Glucose in urine can be detected using a biochemical test. When the end of a test strip,
which is impregnated with the enzyme glucose oxidase, is dipped into urine, the
development of a blue colour indicates that glucose is present.
This is a reliable test that people with diabetes can carry out at home. Which feature of the
enzyme makes this test so reliable?

A. It works at room temperature.

B. It only works at low pH range.
C. It is specific.
D. It is heat stable.

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23. Enzyme action can be explained by the lock and key hypothesis. The figure below shows
four stages in an enzyme-controlled chemical reaction.

Where is the active site and which acts as the lock or key?

where active site is found lock or key

A. on W Y acts as a key
B. on X Y acts a lock
C. on Y X acts as a key
D. on Y W acts as a lock

24. The plant leaf cell shown is cubic in shape and has sides 10 µm long. The cell grows until its
sides are 20 µm long.

Which is a correct description of the effect of this growth?

surface area : volume surface area : volume Effect of growth on rate of

ratio of cell before growth ratio of cell after growth oxygen uptake for respiration
per unit cell mass
A. 0.6 0.3 decreased
B. 0.6 0.3 increased
C. 1.7 3.3 decreased
D. 1.7 3.3 increased

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25. A quantity of an enzyme was added to a quantity of its substrate. Which graph shows the
change in the concentration of the enzyme-substrate complex over time?

A. B.

concentration
concentration

time time

C. D.

concentration concentration

time time

26. A person suffers from diarrhoea (the production of watery faceces). Which of his body is not
functioning properly?

A. kidneys
B. urinary bladder
C. large intestine
D. anus

27. Which of the following roles of the cell membrane is not a result of the properties of the
phospholipids?

A. to allow division of cytoplasm to occur in during cell division

B. to allow movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide
C. to allow white blood cell to carry out phagocytosis
D. to allow cell membrane to stabilise by binding with water molecules

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Directions: Questions 28 and 29 refer to the graph below, which shows the energy profile for
an enzyme-catalysed reaction.

energy level
R

S
progress of reaction

28. Which of the following processes correctly matches with the energy profile shown in the
above graph?

A. digestion of lipids in the small intestine

B. absorption of water in the small intestine
C. synthesis of DNA in the nucleus
D. production of glucose in a plant cell during photosynthesis

29. Which of the following correctly describes the energy change if this reaction is not catalysed
by an enzyme?

A. Only P will decrease.

B. Only S will decrease.
C. Only Q will increase.
D. Only Q and R will increase.

30. Which of the following is not an anabolic product of digested egg white?

A. enzyme
B. antibody
C. urea
D. haemoglobin

End of Section A
Go on to the Section B

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Do not write on this page

Answers on this page

will not be marked

14
 Belilios Public School
Half-yearly Examination, 2015 – 2016
S4 Biology

Section B: Structured questions (70 marks)

1. Answer ALL questions.

2. Write your answers in the space provided in this Question-Answer Book.

Name: ………………………………………..

Class : ………….. ( )

Biology Class No. : ……………..

Section B Question No. Marks

1 / 13
2 / 13
3 / 10
4 / 10
5 /8
6 / 12
7 /4
Section B total / 70
Section A total / 30
Total / 100

15
 1. The drawing shows some of the main regions of the alimentary canal in a person.

V
Y

X
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duodenum Z

(a) Name organ W. (1 mark)

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(b) State the importance of acid condition in organ Y to health. (1 mark)

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(c) (i) Suggest how secretions from the wall of duodenum affect the pH of the duodenum
contents. (1 mark)

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(ii) What effect would this have on the activity of the enzymes that pass into the duodenum
from organ Y? (1 mark)

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 (d) Explain how organs V and Z help the digestion of fat in duodenum. (5 marks)

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(e) If the duct at X has been blocked by gall stones for a long time, organ Z will be damaged by
its own digestive juice. Explain how this may happen. (2 marks)

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(f) State two functions of organ V other than digestion. (2 marks)

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 2. (a) Diagram 1 below shows a drawing of the longitudinal section of a villus from the small
intestine of human. Diagram 2 below shows part of a cell from structure A taken under
the electron microscope.

D
A

B
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C

E
Diagram 1 Diagram 2

(i) Name the end product of starch digestion. (1 mark)

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(ii) Explain how structures D and E assist in the absorption of the molecule named in (i).
(4 marks)

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(iii) Using letter(s) in the Diagram 1, state the structure(s) inside the villus at which the molecule
named in (i) is absorbed. (1 mark)

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18 Page Total
 (iv) The absorption of digested food can help absorption of water in the small intestine. Explain
how. (2 marks)

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(b) The table below shows the rate of absorption of two kinds of sugars, X and Y, in the small
intestine. The rates of absorption when a respiratory inhibitor, cyanide, is present are also
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shown.

Rate of absorption (arbitrary unit)

Cyanide absent Cyanide present
X 1.00 0.29
Y 0.26 0.26

(i) State two conclusions that can be obtained from the results. (2 marks)

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(ii) Which of the two sugars, X or Y, is absorbed by diffusion only? Explain your answer.
(3 marks)

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 3. The diagram below shows the model of cell membrane.
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(a) Describe how molecule Y is oriented and arranged in the cell membrane. Explain your
answer. (3 marks)

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(b) Describe the orientation of molecule Z in the cell membrane. (2 marks)

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(c) Name molecule X and describe one possible function of it. (2 marks)

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 (d) Some substances may cross cell membranes by simple diffusion. Vitamin C, however, does
not.

(i) Name one substance that may cross cell membranes by simple diffusion. (1 mark)

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(ii) Explain why Vitamin C cannot pass across membranes by simple diffusion. (2 marks)

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21 Page Total
 4. Mammalian blood is red in colour. If some blood is centrifuged, the heavier blood cells
(including red blood cells) will sink to the bottom and the fluid above the blood cells will
appear light yellow in colour.
1 cm3 of mammalian blood with anti-blood clotting agents was added into three test tubes of
salt solution of different concentrations. The test tubes were shaken well and then centrifuged.
The diagram below shows the different colour of the fluid above the blood cells after
centrifugation.
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red light red light yellow

solid
matter
A B C
blood + blood + blood +
distilled water very dilute concentrated
salt solution salt solution

(a) Explain why the fluid in test tube A showed a red colour but that in test tube C did not.
(6 marks)

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 (b) Explain why the fluid in test tube B showed a lighter red colour than that in test tube A.
(2 marks)

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(c) If you were given a light microscope, how would you use it to confirm your explanation in
(b)? (2 marks)
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 5. The following investigation was set up to examine the effects of stirring on the digestion of
egg white. Each piece of protein was weighed every two hours.

15 cm3
biological stirring rod
washing powder
solution

5g
water bath protein
at 37oC
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mass of protein (g)
Time (hour)
not stirred stirred
0 5.0 5.0
2 4.7 4.4
4 4.3 3.6
6 3.8 2.6
8 3.2 1.4
10 2.5 0.0

(a) Explain why no solid material remained in the tube when the protein was completely
digested. (3 marks)

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 (b) Suggest why stirring can increase the rate at which the protein was digested. (1 mark)

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(c) In the body, the stomach achieves a similar effect to stirring. Describe how this is brought
about. (1 mark)

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(d) Explain why biological washing powders contain several different types of enzymes.

(3 marks)

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25 Page Total
 6. When an apple is cut open, the surfaces exposed to the air turn brown due to the production of
brown pigment from catechol. The enzyme catechol oxidase catalyses the reaction.

catechol oxidase
catechol brown pigments
(colourless substance)
in apple tissue

The effect of the concentration of lead ethanoate on this reaction was investigated. 10 g of
apple tissue was cut up, added to 10cm3 of distilled water and then ground and filtered. This
produced an extract containing both catechol and catechol oxidase. Test tubes were set up as
described in Table 1 and kept at 20 ºC in a water bath.
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Table 1

Every 10 minutes, the tubes were placed in a colorimeter which measured how much brown
pigment was present. The more brown pigment present, the higher the colorimeter reading.
The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2

Colorimeter reading (units)

Time Tube A Tube B Tube C
(minutes) sample of extract + sample of extract + 1 cm3
sample of extract +
1 cm3 0.01% lead 0.1% lead ethanoate
1 cm3 distilled water
ethanoate solution solution
0 1.6 1.8 1.6
10 7.0 5.0 2.0
20 9.0 6.0 2.2
30 9.6 6.4 2.4
40 10.0 7.0 2.4
50 10.0 7.6 2.4
60 10.0 7.6 2.4

(a) Plot a graph on the opposite page to show the results for the extract with 0.01% and 0.1%
lead ethanoate solution. (5 marks)

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26 Page Total
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 (b) Identify two variables not mentioned that would have to be kept constant. (2 marks)

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(c) Describe how tube A acts as a control in this investigation. (1 mark)

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(d) Explain why the initial colorimeter readings were not 0.0 units. (1 mark)

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(e) State the effect of the concentration of lead ethanoate solution on the activity of catechol
oxidase. (1 mark)

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(f) The experiment was repeated with the 0.1% lead ethanoate solution at 60 °C. Predict the
colorimeter reading at 10 minutes and explain your answer. (2 marks)

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28 Page Total
 7. A student observed some Elodea leaf cells. She first mounted the cells in distilled water as
shown in Photomicrograph I. She then added a few drops of concentrated sucrose solution to
the cells and waited for a few minutes. She observed the same cells again as shown in
Photomicrograph II.

P
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(400X)
Photomicrograph I Photomicrograph II

(a) Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of cell P in photomicrograph II. (3 marks)

(b) What does the appearance of the cell drawn in (a) tell you about the permeability of the cell
membrane surrounding them? (1 mark)

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End of Section B
End of Paper

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29 Page Total
 Belilios Public School
Half-yearly Examination, 2015–2016
S4 Biology Marking Scheme

Section A: (30 marks)

1. B 6. B 11. B 16. C 21. B 26. C

2. D 7. A 12. A 17. D 22. C 27. D

3. A 8. D 13. B 18. A 23. D 28. A

4. C 9. D 14. A 19. B 24. A 29. D

5. D 10. C 15. D 20. A 25. A 30. C

Section B: (70 marks)

1. (a) W – gall bladder* (1 mark)

(b) - the acid can kill the bacteria present in food (1 mark)

(c) (i) increases pH / more alkaline (1 mark)

(ii) enzyme activity decreases (1 mark)

(d) - organ V produces bile salt (1 mark)

- to emulsify / break down lipid into oil droplets (1 mark)
- to increase surface area for lipase digestion (1 mark)
- organ Z produces lipase (1 mark)
- which digests oil droplets into fatty acids and glycerol (1 mark)
(must use letters V and Z to give answer)

(e) - the pancreatic juice contains protease and lipase (1 mark)

- which digest the protein and lipid of cell membrane respectively (1 mark)

(f) - breakdown of alcohol (1 mark)

- breakdown of excess amino acids (1 mark)
- conversion of carotene to vitamin A (1 mark)
- storage of iron / vitamin A / vitamin D / glycogen (1 mark)
- conversion of excess glucose to glycogen (1 mark)
any 2

Total 13 marks
1
2. (a) (i) glucose * (1 mark)

(ii)
D:
- increases surface area (1 mark)
- with carrier proteins for diffusion of glucose (1 mark)
- with carrier proteins for active transport of glucose (1 mark)
any 2
E:
- carries out respiration (1 mark)
- to release ATP / energy for absorption of glucose by active transport (1 mark)

(iii) C (1 mark)

(iv)
- The absorption of digested food into blood increases the water potential of the (1 mark)
gut content
- As a result, water is drawn into the blood by osmosis (1 mark)
-
(b) (i)
- higher rate of absorption of sugar X than sugar Y (1 mark)
- presence of cyanide reduces the rate of absorption of sugar X (1 mark)
- presence of cyanide does not affect the rate of absorption of sugar Y (1 mark)
any 2

(ii)
- sugar Y (1 mark)
- rate of absorption remains the same in the presence of cyanide (1 mark)
- absorption of sugar Y does not require energy from respiration / is a (1 mark)
passive process

Total 13 marks

2
3. (a) - the phosphate head of Y points outward while the hydrocarbon tails of Y point (1 mark)
inward in the bilayer
- the medium inside and the medium outside the cell are aqueous solutions (1 mark)
- hence only the water-loving phosphate head of Y is in contact with the (1 mark)
cytoplasm and extracellular fluid

(b) - Z embed half-way (1 mark)

- through the phospholipid bilayer (1 mark)

(c) - glycoprotein * (1 mark)

- act as an antigen for cell recognition / (1 mark)
- act as a receptor for receiving hormones (1 mark)

(d) (i) fatty acid / glycerol / vitamin A / vitamin D (1 mark)

any 1

(ii)
- Vitamin C is polar (1 mark)
- repelled by phospholipid bilayer / cannot dissolve in phospholipid bilayer (1 mark)

Total 10 marks

3
4. (a) - in test tube A, water potential of distilled water is higher than that of the (1 mark)
cytoplasm of red blood cells
- net movement of water into the cells by osmosis (1 mark)
- the red blood cells burst and (1 mark)
- release of haemoglobin makes the solution red in colour (1 mark)
- in test tube C, water potential of concentrated salt solution is lower than that of (1 mark)
the cytoplasm of red blood cells
- net movement of water out of the cells by osmosis and the hence red blood (1 mark)
cells did not burst

(b) - only some of the red blood cells have a lower water potential than that of the (1 mark)
very dilute salt solution and hence net movement of water into the cells by
osmosis
- only some red blood cells burst and hence a smaller amount of haemoglobin (1 mark)
released

(c) - take some fluid from tube A and some solid matter from the bottom of tube (1 mark)
B and observe them under the microscope
- no intact cells can be found in the fluid from A while some can be found in (1 mark)
the solid matter from tube B

Total 10 marks

5 (a) - biological washing powder solution contains protease (1 mark)

- digest protein into smaller molecules (1 mark)
- which are soluble in water (1 mark)

(b) - stirring increases the chance of collision between enzyme and substrate (1 mark)
molecules

(c) - contraction of the muscle layer of stomach wall (1 mark)

(d) - enzymes are specific in action (1 mark)

- can only digest one type of molecule (1 mark)
- stains are made from different molecules (1 mark)

Total 8 marks

4
6. (a) - Title (T) : The change in the colorimeter readings in two tubes at different time (1 mark)
- choice of axes (A) (1 mark)
- with labels (L)
X: time (minutes); Y: colorimeter reading (units) (2 marks)
- points for each set of data plotted and points jointed with discrete lines/ smooth (1 mark)
lines (P)

(b) - volume of extract (1 mark)

- time left in colorimeter / out of water bath (1 mark)
any 2

(c) - shows that the enzyme can work without the lead ethanoate / lead ethanoate (1 mark)
inhibits the enzyme action

(d) - enzyme started working before lead ethanoate is added / browning reaction (1 mark)
occurred as soon as the apple is cut

(e) - as concentration of lead ethanoate solution increases, the activity of enzyme (1 mark)
decreases / the enzyme is inhibited more

(f) - any figure from 1.6 and less than 2.0 (must give a figure) (1 mark)
- enzyme is denatured at 60℃ (1 mark)

Total 12 marks

5
7. (a) - Title (T): Structure of Elodea cell P in concentrated sucrose solution (400X) (1 mark)
- Drawing (D) shows sign of plasmolysis, correct cell shape and cell content (1 mark)
- Labels (L) (any 2) : cell wall*, cell membrane*, cytoplasm*, chloroplast*, (1 mark)
vacuole

Structure of Elodea cell P in concentrated sucrose solution (400X)

(b) cell membrane is permeable to water but not sucrose (1 mark)

Total 4 marks