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Assignment # 01

Electrical Power Distribution System

Engineering - 1

From:
Dr. Muhammad Mohsin Aman

Problems
3.1 Shown in Figure 3.22 is the pole configuration of conductors for a three-
phase primary feeder. The conductors are 250,000 cm, CON Lay, AA. The
nominal line-to-line voltage of the feeder is 14.4 kV.

1. Determine the series impedance per mile of this line.

2. Determine the Kdrop factor assuming a power factor of 0.88 lag.
3. Determine the Krise factor.
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72 Distribution System Modeling and Analysis

a
2'
b 2'
c
2'
n

25'

FIGURE 3.22
Problem 3.1 configuration.

3.2 A 4.16 three-phase primary feeder is shown in Figure 3.23.

E1 E2 E3 E4

0.50 miles 0.65 miles 0.9 miles

500 kVA 1200 kVA 750 kVA

FIGURE 3.23
System for Problem 3.2.

The Kdrop = 0.00298639% drop/kVA-mile

The Krise = 0.00334353% rise/kvar-mile

1. Determine the percent voltage drop to node E4.

2. Determine the rating of a three-phase shunt capacitor bank to be
placed at E3 to limit the voltage drop to E4 to 5.0%.

3.3 A 4160-V, three-phase feeder is shown in Figure 3.24.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0.15 mile 0.175 mile 0.2 mile 0.125 mile 0.225 mile 0.125 mile

200 kVA 150 kVA 100 kVA 300 kVA 425 kVA 500 kVA

FIGURE 3.24
System for Problem 3.3.

The phase conductors are 4/0 ACSR and are configured on an 8-ft. crossarm
with phase spacings of: D ab = 2.5 ft., D bc = 4.5 ft., and D ca = 7.0 ft.

1. Determine the series impedance of the line segment in Ω/mile.

2. Determine the Kdrop and Krise factors assuming a load power factor
of 0.9 lagging.
3. Determine the total percent voltage drop to node 6.
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Approximate Methods of Analysis 73

4. Determine the three-phase kvar rating of a shunt capacitor to be

placed at node 4 to limit the total percent voltage drop to node 6
to 3.0%.

3.4 Flash Thunderbolt, junior engineer for Tortugas Power and Light, has
been given an assignment to design a new 4.16-kV, three-phase feeder that
will have the following characteristics:

Total length of feeder = 5000 ft.

Load: 10–500 kVA (three-phase), 0.9 lagging power spaced every
500 ft. with the first load 500 ft. from the substation.
Voltage drop: not to exceed 5% from the sub to the last load.

Figure 3.25 illustrates the new feeder.

500' 500' 500' 500' 500' 500' 500' 500' 500' 500'
SUB

FIGURE 3.25
System for Problem 3.4.

Flash has decided that he will use 336,400 26/7 ACSR (Linnet) conductors
constructed on 45-ft. poles with 8-ft. crossarms. The spacings of the conductors
on the crossarms are 2.5 ft., 4.5 ft., and 7.0 ft.

1. Determine the percent voltage drop to the last load point and the
total three-phase power loss for the feeder shown in Figure 3.25.
2. Lump the total feeder load at the midpoint of the feeder and com-
pute the percent voltage drop to the end of the feeder.
3. Use the exact lumped load model of Figure 3.11 and compute the
percent voltage drop to the end of the line, and the total three-
phase power loss down the line.

3.5 The rectangular area in Figure 3.26 has a uniform load density of 2000
2
kVA/mile at 0.9 lagging power factor. The nominal voltage of the area being
served is 4.16 kV. The three-phase primary main conductors are 556,500 26/7
ACSR, while the three-phase lateral conductors are 266,800 26/7 ACSR. The
primary main and the laterals are constructed so that the equivalent spacing
(Deq) is 3.5 ft. Determine:

1. The % voltage drop to the last customer in the first lateral (point A).
2. The % voltage drop to the last customer in the last lateral (point B).
3. The total three-phase power loss for the total area.
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74 Distribution System Modeling and Analysis

2,500'

Source

2,500'

12,000'

FIGURE 3.26
Rectangular area for Problem 3.5.

3.6 Shown in Figure 3.27 is a rectangle-triangle area that is being fed from
2
a source at point X. Both areas have a load density of 6000 kVA/mile , with
loads being uniformly distributed as denoted by the dashed laterals. In addi-
tion to the uniformly distributed loads, there is a “spot load” at point Z that
is 2000 kVA. The Kdrop factor for the primary main conductors is 0.00022626%
drop/kVA-mile, and the Krise factor for the primary main conductors is
0.00028436% rise/kvar-mile.

1.5 mile 1.5 mile

X Y Z
1 mile
2000 kVA

FIGURE 3.27
Rectangular-triangular area of Problem 3.6.

1. Determine the percent drop to point Z.

2. Determine the kVAr rating (to the nearest 300 kVAr/phase) for a
capacitor bank to be placed at point Y in order to limit the voltage
drop to Z to 3%.
3. With the capacitor in place, what now is the percent drop to point Z?

3.7 A square area of 20,000 ft. on a side has a load density of 2000 kVA/
2
mile , and 0.9 lagging power factor is to be served from a 12.47-kV substation
that is located in the center of the square. Two different plans are being
considered for serving the area. The two plans are shown in Figure 3.28.
Plan-A proposes to break the area into four square areas and serve it as
shown. The big black line will be the three-phase primary main consisting
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Approximate Methods of Analysis 75

Plan - A Plan - B

A B

FIGURE 3.28
Two plans for Problem 3.7.

of 336/400 26/7 ACSR conductors, and the dotted lines will be the three-
phase laterals consisting of 4/0 ACSR conductors. Both the main and laterals
are constructed such that Deq = 4.3795 ft. The three-phase laterals will be
spaced every 500 ft.
Plan-B proposes to serve the area with four triangularly shaped feeders.
Again, the primary main is shown in the dark black line, and the laterals are
spaced every 500 ft. and are shown as the dotted lines. The same conductors
and Deq will be used in this plan. Determine the percent voltage drop to the
“last customer” (points A and B) for the two plans.
3.8 Shown in Figure 3.29 are the areas normally served by two feeders.

0.5 mile
d

c 0.5 mile

S'
b 0.5 mile
0.75 mi
S
a e
0.5 mile

1.5 mi

FIGURE 3.29
Areas for Problem 3.8.

Under an emergency condition the switch at b is closed so that the feeder

normally serving the triangle area must now serve both areas. Assume both
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76 Distribution System Modeling and Analysis

areas have a uniform load density of 2.5 MVA/square mile, and 0.9 lagging
power factor. The primary feeder voltage is 13.8 kV. Laterals are uniformly
tapped off of the primary main from S to a. No loads are tapped off the feed
from a to b to c, and laterals are tapped off from c to d and from c to S’. The
primary main conductors are 2/0 ACSR and are placed on a pole such that
Deq = 4.3795 ft.

1. Determine the Kdrop and Krise factors.

2. Determine the voltage drop to point d.
3. Determine the three-phase kVAr rating of a shunt capacitor bank
placed at c in order to limit the voltage drop to point d to 3.0%.
4. Determine the voltage drop to e with the capacitor bank at c.
5. Determine the voltage drop to e with the source at S’ and the
capacitor at c.