Bone tumor is an inexact term, which can be used for both benign and malignant abnormal growths found

in bone,
but is most commonly used for primary tumors of bone, such as osteosarcoma (or osteoma). It is less exactly
applied to secondary, or metastatic tumors found in bone.

Osteoporosis is a disease of bone that leads to an increased risk of fracture. Given its influence on the risk of
fragility fracture, osteoporosis may significantly affect life expectancy and quality of life.

Hypophosphatasia is a rare inherited metabolic disorder of decreased tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase
(TNSALP) and defective bone mineralization. Both autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant variants of the
disease exist.

Scoliosis is a medical condition in which a person's spine is curved from side to side, and may also be rotated. It is
an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. On an x-ray, the spine of an individual with a typical scoliosis may look
more like an "S" or a "C" than a straight line.

Lordosis (commonly referred to as swayback, saddle back, or hyper-lordosis) is a medical term used to describe
an inward curvature of a portion of the vertebral column.

A bone fracture (sometimes abbreviated FRX or Fx or Fx) is a medical condition in

which a bone is cracked or broken. It is a break in the continuity of the bone. While
many fractures are the result of high force impact or stress, bone fracture can also
occur as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as
osteoporosis, certain types of cancer or osteogenesis imperfecta. Although fractures
are commonly referred to as bone breaks, the word break is not part of formal
orthopaedic terminology.

Osteomyelitis is an infection of bone or bone marrow, usually caused by pyogenic

bacteria or mycobacteria. It can be usefully subclassified on the basis of the
causative organism, the route, duration and anatomic location of the infection.

Osteosarcoma is the most common type of malignant bone cancer, accounting for
35% of primary bone malignancies. There is a preference for the metaphyseal region
of tubular long bones. 50% of cases occur around the knee. It is a malignant
connective (soft) tissue tumor whose neoplastic cells present osteoblastic
differentiation and form tumoral bone.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI and sometimes known as Brittle Bone Disease) is

a genetic bone disorder. People with OI are born without the proper protein
(collagen), or the ability to make it, usually because of a deficiency of Type-I
collagen. People with OI either have less collagen than normal or the quality is poorer
than normal. As collagen is an important protein in bone structure, this impairment
causes those with the condition to have weak or fragile bones.

Bone spurs, also known as osteophytes, are bony projections that form along
joints. Bone spurs form due to the increase in a damaged joint's surface area. This is
most commonly from the onset of arthritis. Bone spurs usually limit joint movement
and typically cause pain.