AN ORGANIZATION STUDY ABOUT THE IKON EXPORTS

MANUFACTURE AND EXPORT OF GARMENTS AT TIRUPUR

INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY

Organisational study is the systematic study and careful application of

knowledge about how people as individuals and as groups act within organisation.
Purpose of an organisational study is to define the legal and corporate structure of the
business. An organisation study may also include professional background information
about the business and the principles of the business and what skills they can
contributes to the business.

As part of Master of Business Administration programme, the

researcher conducted organisational study IKON EXPORTS AT TIRUPUR. This
work will give a complete picture about the organisation structure and departments of
the organisation and also study each department process and function. The researcher
selected this topic to understand the well organised managerial structure of the
organisation. So the study, regarding this topic is very crucial to analyse the factors
which contribute to the quality of textile products as well as the factors regarding the
defects of organisational climate development of an organisation.

While conducting the study the researcher got a real idea about the
structure of the management and harmonious working conditions of employees in
IKON EXPORTS AT TIRUPUR. A fair organizational study will help an
organization to develop a lot. The suggestions given by the researcher will help to
improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization in a systematic manner.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main objectives of the study are:-

 To understand more about the organization.

 To get more awareness about the departments of the company.
 To understand the overall performance of the company.
 To study the problems of the company.
 To give suggestions based on the findings for the improvement of efficiency
and profitability of the company.
 To analyse the strength and weakness as well as opportunity and threats of the
company to enhance the organizational performance.

SCOPE OF ORGANISATIONAL STUDY:

 The study focus on the overall structure of the organization. In this study, the
researcher analyzed the overall functioning of the firm and also the financial
performance of the enterprise.
 The researcher made a moderate attempt to have the SWOT analysis of the study

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

 Busy schedule of officers and employees is adversely affected the researcher.

 The information provided by the company assumed to be authentic.
 Certain areas are restricted, so a detailed study is not possible.
 The success of the study depends upon the response made by the employee.
 CHAPTER II

INDUSTRY PROFILE AND COMPANY PROFILE

INDUSTRY PROFILE

Textile is derived from Latin word’ TEXERE’ which means to weave. It was originally applied
only to woven fabrics, but now a general term for fibers yarn and other materials. The major
cotton producing states are Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Andra
Pradesh. India has the largest hector age in the world amounting to a million hectors or 25% of
the textile industry in Ikon is rather small compared to the best of the country. In Ikon in order to
satisfy the raw materials needs of waves, government of Ikon stated 5 spinning mill under co-
operative sector.

The public sector units in textile sector where mainly engaged in the activities of yarn
manufacturing. The 9 units including the 4 companies owned by employee around 5979
personnel accounts for 10% of total employment in enterprise under industries development. The
major problems of textile one is

 Cotton export and price.

 Delay in cotton yarn exports.
 Non-availability of credit.
 Low productivity.
 Change of fashion.
 Power problems.

PROCESS

In spinning process, separate fibers are trusted together to bind them in to a stronger long yarn
vary based on the material used, fibers length and alignment, quantity fibers used and degree of
twist. The direction in which the yarn is spin is called twist and yarn are characterized on 2 twists
or 5 twists according to the direction of spinning rightness of twist is measured in twist per inch
(IPI). Two or more spun yarn may be twisted together or piled to form a thicken yarn. Generally
hands Spun single piles one spun with a Z-twisted and playing is done with an S-twist.
CONTEMPORARY HAND SPINNING

With the recent part, many new spinners have joined into this ancient process innovating the
craft and creating new technologies from using many new applicants of dying before
wouldn’t be in a traditional yarn, to crafting techniques like coiling, this craft is constantly
evolving and shifting.

A woollen yarn is contrast hand spun from a role where the fibers aren’t as strictly aligned to
the yarn created. The woollen yarn captures much more air and makes for a soften to
convene and generally bulkier yarn. A spinner will spin using varying techniques for
handcrafted and roles based yarn and thus make a semi-worsted yarn. Woollen can be dyed at
any time, but is often dyed before carding due.

HISTORY OF TEXTILE IN INDIA

Cotton mill first attempt by bowery cotton mills near Kolkata by English enterprises
1st mill as established by C.N. DAVER in1854, Mumbai. Textile is the second largest
industry in India after agriculture industry.

TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN NATIONAL SCENARIO

The industrial growth of the country was piloted by textile industry even before
independence and occupied a very unique position by its contribution to the national product,
export and final consumption expenditure. Cotton played a dominant role in the growth of
the industry in the country. The major cotton producing states are Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Andhra Pradesh. Through India has the largest cotton hector age
in the world around 9million hectors, the production in the country is hardly 20% of the
world production. The textile sector is major contribution to the foreign exchange earning of
the country for 35% of the total export. There are 1767 textile mill in the country of which
192 are in public sector, 151 in co-operative sector and 1424 in private sector.

MAJOR PROBLEMS IN INDUSTRY.

1. Cotton export and prices.

 2. Decline in cotton yarn export.
3. Lack of modernization.
4. Non availability of credit.
5. Increase in cost of production.
6. Low productivity.
7. Power problem.

GENERAL CONDITION OF TEXTILE MILL.

The public sector units in textile sector where mainly engaged in the activities of yarn
manufacturing. The 9 units including the four companies owned by employee around 5979
personnel and accounts for 10% of total employment in enterprise in under industries
department.

HISTORY OF INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY

The history of textiles in India dates back to nearly five thousand years to the days of the
Harappa civilization. Evidences that India has been trading silk in return for spices from the 2nd
century have been found. This shows that textiles are an industry which has existed for centuries
in our country. Recently there has been a sizeable increase in the demand for Indian textiles in
the market. India is fast emerging as a competitor to China in textile exports.

The Government of India has also realized this fact and lowered the customs duty and reduced
the restrictions on the imported textile machinery. The intention of the government’s move is to
enable the Indian producers to compete in the world market with high quality products. The
results of the government’s move can be visible as Indian companies like Arvind Mills, Mafatlal,
Grasim; Reliance Industries have become prominent players in the world. The Indian textile
industry is the second largest in the world-second only to China.

The other competing countries are Korea and Taiwan. Indian Textile constitutes 35% of the total
exports of our country.

The history of apparel and textiles in India dates back to the use of mordant dyes and printing
blocks around 3000 BC. The foundations of the India's textile trade with other countries started
as early as the second century BC. A hoard of block printed and resist dyed fabrics, primarily of
Gujarati origin, discovered in the tombs of Foster, Egypt, are the proof of large scale Indian
export of cotton textiles to the Egypt in medieval periods.

During the 13th century, Indian silk was used as barter for spices from the western countries.
Towards the end of the 17th century, the British East India Company had begun exports of
Indian silks and several other cotton fabrics to other economies. These included the famous fine
Muslin cloth of Bengal, Orissa and Bihar. Painted and printed cottons or chintz was widely
practiced between India, Java, China and the Philippines, long before the arrival of the
Europeans. India Textile Industry is one of the largest textile industries in the world. Today,
Indian economy is largely dependent on textile manufacturing and exports

INDIAN TEXTILE AND CLOTHING INDUSTRY

India’s textiles and clothing industry is one of the mainstays of the national Economy. It
is also one of the largest contributing sectors of India’s exports worldwide. The Report of the
Working Group constituted by the Planning Commission on boosting India’s Manufacturing
exports during 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17), envisages India’s exports of Textiles and Clothing
at USD 64.41 billion by the end of March, 2017. The textiles industry Accounts for 14% of
industrial production, which is 4% of GDP; employs 45 million people and accounts for nearly
11% share of the country’s total exports basket.

MARKET SIZE
The Indian textile industry is set for strong growth, buoyed by both rising domestic consumption
as well as export demand. Abundant availability of raw materials such as cotton, wool, silk and
jute and skilled workforce has made India a sourcing hub.

The most significant change in the Indian textile industry has been the advent of man-made
fibers (MMF). India has successfully placed its innovative range of MMF textiles in almost all
the countries across the globe. Man-made fiber production recorded an increase of 2 % during
the year 2012-13.

Cotton yarn production increased by about 15 per cent during March 2013 and by about 14 per
cent during the year 2012-13. Blended and 100 per cent non-cotton yarn production increased by
10 per cent during March 2013 and production increased by 3 per cent during the year 2012-13.

Cloth production by mill sector registered a growth of 19 per cent during the year 2012- 2013.

Cloth production by handloom and hosiery increased by 2 per cent and 14 per cent. The total
cloth production grew by 1 per cent during March 2013 and by 4 per cent during the year 2012-
2013.

COMPANY PROFILE

We, Ikon Export, are knitwear manufacturer and export organization.

Established in the year 1994, Our Company is located in Tirupur (Dollar Cyty), Coimbatore Dist,
India. Our local district is home to one of the most developed textile production bases in India.
Therefore, due to this excellent foundation and Satisfaction of customer with our Quality we
have become a qualified supplier of various types of garments for men, ladies and children with
respect to all seasons in knitwear in very short period

Our factory is equipped with branded high-quality sewing machines imported from Japan.
Currently employing more than 100 workers & 10 staff. we have highly skilled production and
managerial personnel to take care of all the works.
We will give the shape for your D R E A M S and I M A G I N A T I O N S.

INFRASTRUCTURE
Our manufacturing unit comprises total of 60 brand new imported machineries on systematically
well arranged 10000 sq. ft

PRODUCTION CAPACITY
IKON EXPORT is having a capacity to manufacture 30, 000 PCS in basic round neck T-shirt
and 15, 000 PCS in Polo T-shirt per month
PRODUCTS:
IKON EXPORT offers a wide range of products from regular knitwear to innovative utility value
based knitwear. It gives an edge to manufacture garments for all seasons / trends eventually
assisting our customers to be placed in a better and superior position in the market

 THE RANGE
Single jersey knits
Single jersey auto stripe
Single jersey 4 track & jacquard designs
Double jersey knits
Double jersey auto stripe
Two thread and three thread Fleece
Interlock
Interlock jacquards
Yarn dyed
Organic cotton
Allover Prints & embroidery

GENERAL KNITWEAR
IKON EXPORT is knitwear manufacturer and exporter of a wide range in knitwear for Men,
ladies and children in 100% cotton, mélanges.

 Fabrics and also Blends

IKON EXPORT is skill set in making every style of garment in Formal wear, Casual
wear, Beach wear, Sportswear, Boxer shorts, Bustier sets, mix and match with woven
combo like knit top and woven trousers, Pajamas / Nightwear being exclusively shipped
to Europe & Usa. All the products are produced with utmost care and expertise the
infrastructure is planned accordingly to fully support the manufacturing requirements of
individual styles.
Orders are properly monitored with a time and action calendar to effect on time delivery.
 Mainline products are:
Children's T-shirts and sets
 Men's T-shirts/Polo shirts/Pajamas (in various styles)
Ladies' T-shirts / Pajamas / Nightwear

Industry Focus Apparel & Fashion

QUALITY POLICY

 Commitment towards continual improvement in our products range and thereby

satisfying ourselves and our customers
 The secret of the company's success lies in being able to fully understand the clients
specific needs and then delivering them products strictly conforming to the desired
quality always within the agreed time.
 This has been achieved through observation of quality control at all levels and a
continued monitoring of production activities and delivery unbreakable Confidence is in
 Team work , it will give the success

ATTACHED OUR PROFILE>>>>

Contact Information
Company Name: IKON EXPORT
Contact Person: Dinesh kumar.A
Address: No.690/2,Surya Compound,
KNP Colony (po),Dharapuram Road,
TIRUPUR-641605
TAMIL NADU INDIA
Zip: 641 608
Mobile :+91-99949-29888
Business Type Manufacturer

Apparel Stocks, Athletic Wear, Children

Garment, Ethnic Garment, Infant
Business Categories
Garment, Jacket, Outdoor Clothing, Sweaters, T-
Shirts, Winter Clothes

VISION AND MISSION AND VALUES

VISION:

To be the world class quality retail solution provider to all global retail giants in home
furnishing segment with social and environmental commitment.

MISSION:

Excel in quality, technology, design innovation by synergizing best brains and value the
social and environmental concerns.

 Anchoring Quality System

 Totally of customer satisfaction
 Loyal to Customers
 Appending Customer Relationship
 Social and Environmental Responsible

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

Managing Director
 General Manager

Dyeing Manager Production HR Manager Marketing Finance

Manager Manager Manager

Employees Quality control Assistant Assistant Assistant

Manager Manager Manager

Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor

EDP Development HRD Assist Employees

Checking Weaving Packing

 CHAPTER III

FUNCTIONAL DEPARTMENT ANALYSIS

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

PURCHASE YARN:

Yarn is the main raw material of the company .it purchases its raw material from the
local areas and other districts. Like tirupur, erode, and Coimbatore etc. the purchased raw yarn
are brought into the company by lorries ,trucks and heavy containers. The securing person to be
cross checked by stored inward register.

The yarn is weighted & stored in raw material godown . The total weight is entered in
“Weighted list register” which is maintained store keeper.

Material purchased through purchase order.

DYEING:

The fabrics material can be used the form of fiber, yarn and cloth .but from the pont
economy t would be advantage to dye th material at final stage in the manufacturing process s
possible

BLEACHING:

Bleaching is the simple cleaning process. it is to wash away the gray and materials before
dong the further process by using the certain chemicals

FINISHING:

The fabrics are treated with various finishing chemical to get soft fee, antcrease,
florescent with etc. and they stretched to the required with and dried finally

PRODUCTS:
  Largest collection of Table Linen in the country,
 Over 5000 designs in Tablemats, Napkins, Runners,
 Tablecloths,
 Kitchen Towels and
 sets in embroidered,
 Printed and Jacquards.
 Modern manufacturing infrastructure and Design studio

PRODUCTION PROCESS

WINDING

WARPING

BEAM STORAGE

WEAVING

FABRIC FOLDING

CUTTING

STITCHING
 CHECKING

PACKING

SPINNING

BALL WARPING BEAMWARPING

Rope Dyeing

Redeeming Slasher Dyeing

Sizing

Drawing

Looming

Finishing

Inspection

Packaging
RING SPINNING:

Spinning process is done by machine called ring frame. It converts the bobbin into a yarn. The
bobbin taken from the previous process fly frame is mounted on ring frame either automatically
or manually. The ring frame stretches the material using a drafting 2s and 140s. Ring yarn is
finer and more hairy when compared to open end.

Fig: Modern ring frame

Need of advancement:
 In ring spinning a large number of changes had occurred for continuous improvement in
production, quality and efficiency…
 Air suction.
 Air pipes.
 Additional air conditioning requirements.
Advantages:
 Production of high strength yarns.
 Spinning of fine yarn count.
 Proper for special yarns.
 It is flexible as regards quantities (blend & lot size)
 The speeds in drawing section are best controlled, yarn evenness is excellent. But if
short fibers are too much, yarn unevenness occurs.
 Fine yarns can be produced as compared to open-end spinning system

Disadvantages:
 Process stages are more numerous. Roving stages exists as an extra process compared to
other systems.
 The high speed of the traveler damages the fibers.
 Capacity of the cops is limited.
 Energy cost is very high.
 Low production rate.

Zones in Ring Frame:

There are totally four types of zones.
1. Creel zone
2. Drafting zone
3. Twisting zone
4. Winding zone

Umbrella creel:
 Fig: Umbrella creel
Advantages:
 Reduction in maintenance costs.
 Easy creeping.
 Space saving as because most of the creel bars are not used.
Disadvantages:
 Higher initial cost.

Automatic roving transfer:

 Fig: Automatic roving transfer
 Automatic transfer of roving bobbins from roving frame to ring frame.
 No deterioration in roving quality due to storage and handling.
 Better yarn quality.
Drafting System:

Fig: Drafting System

In conventional system
 All gear driven.
 Difficulty with setting alteration.
  Needs to change gears when some parameters to be changed, Example– draft, twist
Automated drafting system:
 All rollers driven by individual motors, controlled by individual drives.
 Possible to alter draft and twist from the key pad. Fine turning of twist & draft
adjustments possible.
 Interfacing & drive communication through and other types of protocols make controls
simple and very accurate.
Orbit ring:
The orbit ring / traveller system is designed for spinning at top speeds whilst producing best
yarn quality.

SU ring:
The SU ring / traveller system is suitable for the processing of synthetics spinning at top speeds
whilst producing best yarn quality.

Features of Orbit system:

 Large contact area between traveller and the ring. This reduces the specific pressure
 Optimum heat dissipation traveller to the ring.

Fig: Orbit system

Features of SU system:
 Large contact area between ring and traveller reduces the specific pressure.
 Optimum heat dissipation traveller to ring.

Fig: SU system
Compact spinning:
 Compact spinning is simply the modification of conventional ring spinning systems.
 Ring yarns which are spun on ring spinning frame without a spinning triangle, are
unsurpassed in respect of their high strength and minimum hairiness.
Spinning triangle:
 A long spinning triangle implies a long weak point more end breaks.
 A short triangle represent a small weak point fewer end breaks.
 If it is too short then the fibers on the edge must be strongly deflected to bind them in.
Yarn structure:
Comparison of conventional ring spun yarn & compact yarn:
 Fig: Comparison of conventional ring spun yarn & compact yarn
Automatic doffing:
 Used to make the doffing function automated
 It has the main components
 Doffing Beam unit
 Servo Disc Belt
 ROBO DOFF unit

Fig: Full cops are gripped by the doffing unit and come down
 Fig: Full cops are placed on servo disc belts & empty tubes are placed
 The doffer transfers the full cops to the SERVO disc transport system, which conveys them
either to the transfer station of the winder or to the fully automated ROBO load tube loader.
 The SERVO disc prevents tilting and thus ensure smooth transport, while the machine
already resumes yarn production.

WEAVING:
The process of producing a fabric by interlacing warp and weft threads is known as weaving.
The machine used for weaving is known as weaving machine or loom. Weaving is an art that has
been practiced for thousands of years. The earliest application of weaving dates back to the
Egyptian civilization. Over the years, both the process as well as the machine has undergone
phenomenal changes. As of today, there is a wide range of looms being used, right from the
simplest hand loom to the most sophisticated loom.
Classification of Weaving Machines:
Weaving machines are classified according to their filling insertion mechanism. The
classification is as follows:

1. Shuttle
2. Shuttle-less

 Projectile
 Rapier
 Air-Jet
 Water-Jet
Shuttle Weaving
In shuttle weaving, a shuttle that traverses back and forth across the loom width, inserts the
filling. Shuttles can be made of wood or plastic. Filling yarn is wound on the quill and the quill is
placed in the shuttle. As the shuttle move across the loom, the filling yarn is unwound from the
pirn and lay in the shed.
Fig: Basic Weaving Mechanism
Projectile Weaving
Projectile weaving machines use a projectile equipped with a gripper to insert the filling yarn
across the machine. The gripper projectile draws the filling yarn into the shed. The Projectile
glides through the shed in a rake- shaped guide. Braked in the receiving unit, the Projectile is
then conveyed to its original position by a transport device installed under the shed.

Fig: Projectile Weaving

Rapier Weaving
In Rapier weaving, a flexible or rigid solid element, called rapier, is used to insert the filling
yarn across the shed. The rapier head picks up the filling yarn and carries it through the shed.
After reaching the destination, the rapier head returns empty to pick up the next filling yarn,
which completes the cycle. A rapier performs a reciprocating motion.
Picture: Weft insertion by rapier
Rapier weaving machines can be of two types:

1. Single Rapier Machines: A single, rigid rapier is used in these machines. The rigid rapier is a
metal or composite bar usually with a circular cross section. The rapier enters the shed from one
side, picks up the tip of the filling yarn on the other side and passes it across the loom width
while retracting. Therefore, a single rapier carries the yarn in one way only and half of the rapier
movement is wasted. Also there is no yarn transfer since there is only one rapier. The single
rapier’s length is equal to the width of the loom.

2. Double Rapier Machines: Two rapiers are used in these machines: one rapier, called the
giver, takes the filling yarn from the yarn accumulator on one side of the loom, brings it to the
center of the machine and transfers it to the second rapier which is called the taker. The taker
retards and brings the filling yarn to the other side. Similar to the single rapier machines, only
half of the rapier movements are used for filling insertion.

Air-Jet Weaving
The air jet weaving machines are the weaving machines with the highest weft insertion
performance and are considered as the most productive in the manufacturing of light to medium
weight fabrics, preferably made of cotton and certain man-made fibers (sheets, shirting fabrics,
linings, taffetas and satins in staple yarns of man-made fibers); it has anyway to be pointed out
that technically positive results are obtained at present also with heavy weight fabrics (denims)
and that some manufacturers produce also machine models for terry production.
Fig: Air-Jet Weaving
These machines are the ideal solution for those who want to produce bulk quantities of
customized fabric styles. The weaving widths range generally from 190 to 400 cm. As regards
the multicolor weft carrier, up to 8 different wefts can be fed. It has however to be considered
that the air jet weaving machines require a high energy consumption to prepare the compressed
air and that this consumption rises definitely with increasing loom width and running speed. The
reduction in the energy consumption is in fact one of the main concerns of the manufacturers,
and builds for the user an important selection criterion.

Water-Jet Weaving
A water-jet weaving machine inserts the filling yarn by highly pressurized water. The relative
velocity between the filling yarn and the water jet provides the attractive force. If there is no
velocity difference, then there would be no tension on the yarn results in curling and snarling of
the yarn. Water-jet weaving machine can only be used for hydrophobic fibers.
Fig: Water-Jet Weaving

FINISHING
Textile Finishing is a process used in manufacturing of fiber, fabric, or clothing. In order to
impart the required functional properties to the fiber or fabric, it is customary to subject the
material to different type of physical and chemical treatments. For example wash and wear finish
for a cotton fabric is necessary to make it crease free or wrinkle free. In a similar
way, mercerizing, singeing, flame retardant, water repellent, water proof, antistatic finish, peach
finish etc are some of the important finishes applied to textile fabric.

Textile Finishing:
Textile finishing is a term commonly applied to different process that the textile material under
go after pretreatment, dyeing or printing for final embellishment to enhance their attractiveness
and sale appeal as well as for comfort and usefulness.
 Fig: Textile finished fabric
Objects of Finishing:
The aim of finishing is to render textile goods fit for their purpose or end use. Besides that,
finishing can be done for achieving the following purposes-

a) to improve fabric attractiveness.

 By modification of fabric appearance (Calendaring, Optical brightening)
 By altering fabric handle (Softening, Stiffening)
 Control of fabric dimension (Sanforizing, Compacting)
b) To improve service ability.
 Protection of fabric (Flame proofing, Water proofing)
 Improved performance (Water repellency, Raising)
 Easy care properties (Resin finish, Crease recovery)

Generally there are two types of finishing. Those are

1. Physical/Mechanical.
2. Chemical.
Physical / Mechanical Finishing:
Mechanical Finishes usually involved specific physical treatment to a fabric surface to cause a
change in fabric appearance. This is also known as dry finish.

Its two types

1. Temporary :
A finish which is not stable and goes off after the first wash is known as temporary finish and
these finishes disappears during subsequent washing and usage.(Calendaring, embossing,
Starching, Softening etc)

2. Permanent/Durable:
If the finishing effect in the fabric does not disappear and remains unaffected through all the
conditions of wear and washing treatments, then the finish is said to be permanent finish.(
(Raising, Sanforizing, etc)

Describe Some Mechanical Finishing:

Calendaring:
Calendaring is defined as the modification of the surface of a fabric by the action of heat and
pressure. The finish is obtained by passing the fabric between heated rotating rollers (Smooth or
Engraved) when both speed of rotation and pressure applied are variable.

Fig: Calendaring fabric

Objects of Calendaring
 To improve the fabric handle and to impart a smooth silky touch to the fabric.
 To compress the fabric and reduce its thickness.
 To reduce the air permeability by closing the threads.
 To increase the luster.
 To reduce the yarn slippage.
 Surface patterning by embossing.
Compacting:
Durable finish imparted on man-made fibres and knitted fabrics by employing heat and
pressure to shrink them to produce a crêpey and bulky texture.

Fig: Compacting fabric

Sanforizing or Pre Shrinking:
Sanforizing is a process where by the fabric is run through a sanforizer; a machine that has
drums filled with hot steam. This process is done to control the shrinkage of the fabric.The fabric
is given an optimum dimensional stability by applying mechanic forces and water vapour.
 Fig: Sanforizing machine
Sueding:
This process is carried out by means of a roller coated with abrasive material. Sueding is a
mechanical finishing process in which a fabric is abraded on one or both sides to raise or create a
fibrous surface. This fibrous surface improves the fabric appearance, gives the fabric a softer,
fuller hand, and can mask fabric construction and subdue coloration. Special type of raised
surface fabric is corduroy Sueding, sanding- creates softer hand of fabric.

Fig: Sueding fabric

Raising or Napping:
The raising of the fiber on the face of the goods by means of teasels or rollers covered with card
clothing (steel wires) that are about one inch in height. Action by either method raises the
protruding fibres and causes the finished fabric to provide greater warmth to the wearer, makes
the cloth more compact, causes the fabric to become softer in hand or smoother in feel. Napped
fabrics include blankets, flannel, unfinished worsted, and several types of coatings and some
dress goods.

Fig: Raising finishing

Stentering Machine:
A machine or apparatus for stretching or stentering fabrics. The purpose of the stenter
machine is to bringing the length and width to pre determine dimensions and also for heat
setting and it is used for applying finishing chemicals and also shade variation is adjusted. The
main function of the stenter is to stretch the fabric width wise and to recover the uniform width.

Fig: Stentering machine

Functions of Stenter Machines:
1. Heat setting is done by the stenter for lycra fabric, synthetic and blended fabric.
2. Width of the fabric is controlled by the stenter.
 3. Finishing chemical apply on fabric by the stenter.
Shearing:
Shearing is an important preparatory stage in the processing of cotton cloth. The objective of
"Shearing" is to remove fibers and loose threads from the surface of the fabric, thus improving
surface finish.

Fig: Shearing fabric

Chemical Finishing:
The finishes applied by means of chemicals of different origins, a fabric can receive properties.
Chemical are usually applied to fabric by padding followed by curing and drying. These are also
called as wet finishes. Chemical is used for it.

It's also two types

1. Temporary:
A finish which is not stable and goes off after the first wash is known as temporary finish
(Starching, Weighting, Softening etc.)

2. Permanent/Durable:
Permanent finishes usually involve a chemical change in fibre structure and will not change or
alter throughout the life of a fabric(Mercerizing, Resin, Water proof, Fire proof etc Soil
Release)

Describe Some Chemical Finishing:

Softening:
Softening treatment is one of the most important chemical after treatments in the textile
industry. Softening is carried out when the softness characteristics of a certain fabric must be
improved, always carefully considering the composition and properties of the substrate.

Fig: Softening treatment

Elastomeric Finishes:
Elastomeric finishes are also referred to as stretch or elastic finishes and are particularly
important for knitwear. These finishes are currently achieved only with silicone-based products.
The main effect is durable elasticity, because not only must extensibility be enhanced, but
recovery from deformation is of crucial importance. After all stresses and disturbing forces have
been released, the fabric should return to its original shape.

Fig: Elastomeric finishes

Crease Resistant or Crease Proofing:
Crease Resistant Finishes are applied to cellulose fibres (cotton, linen and rayon) that wrinkle
easily. Permanent Press fabrics have crease resistant finishes that resist wrinkling and also help
to maintain creases and pleats throughout wearing and cleaning.
 Fig: Crease Resistant Finishes
Anti-microbial finishes:
With the increasing use synthetic fibers for carpets and other materials in public places, anti-
microbial finishes have assumed importance. Anti microbial finishes Eco-friendly anti microbial
finishing agent for cotton fabrics & Garments. Useful for eliminating bacterial growth due to
sweat.

Soil Release Finishes:

Prevent soil and stains from being attracted to fabrics. Such finishes may be resistant to oil-boure
or water-Bourne soil and stains or both. These finishes attract water to the surface of fibres
during cleaning and help remove soil. Soil release finish increases the hydrophilicity of the
material and increases wet ability.

Peach finish:
Subjecting the fabric (either cotton or its synthetic blends) to emery wheels, makes the surface
velvet like. This is a special finish mostly used in garments.
 Fig: Peach finish
Anti Pilling:
Anti pilling finish reduces the forming of pills on fabrics and products made considerable
strength, flexibility and resistance to impact. Anti pilling finish is based on the use of chemical
treatments which aim to suppress the ability of fibers to slacken and also to reduce the
mechanical resistance of synthetic fiber.

Fig: Anti pilling finish

Flame Retardant Treatment:
They are applied to combustible fabrics used in children's sleepwear, carpets and curtains and
prevent highly flammable textiles from bursting into flame. Polyester fabrics can be made flame
resistant by treatment with an aqueous emulsion of xylene soluble 2,3-dibromopropyl phosphate
in a pad-cure sequence.

Fig: Flame Retardant Treatment

Oil and Water Proofing:
Waterproof Finishes allows no water to penetrate, but tend to be uncomfortable because they
trap moisture to the body. Recently, fabrics have been developed that are waterproof, yet are also
breathable that is more comfortable.
 Fig: Waterproof Finishes
Water-Repellent Finishes:
Water-repellent finishes resist wetting. If the fabric becomes very wet, water will eventually
pass through. Applied to fabrics found in raincoats, all-weather coats, hats, capes, umbrellas and
shower curtains.

Fig: Water-repellent finishes

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Textile Manufacturing Process Textile Manufacturing Process is done some regular processes.
Each process of textile manufacturing is maintained with pre-defined sequences and the textile
engineers usually follow the flow chart step by step to produce the better textile products
according to buyer’s requirement. Usually, the whole textile manufacturing process is divided by
four sectors;

1. Spinning or Yarn Manufacturing

2. Fabric Manufacturing (weaving or knitting)
3. Dyeing, Printing & Finishing
4. Garments Manufacturing or Clothing.
THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY

 Fiber
 Fabric
 Spinning
 Pre-treatment
 Finishing
 Dyeing or/and Printing

A fiber is a material which is several hundred times as long as its thick.

TEXTILE FIBER

Textile fiber has some characteristics which differ between fibers to Textile fiber. Textile fibber
can be spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by various methods including weaving, knitting,
and braiding, felting, and twisting. The essential requirements for fibers to be spun into yarn
include a length of at least 5 millimeters, flexibility, cohesiveness, and sufficient strength. Other
important properties include elasticity, fineness, uniformity, durability, and luster. Banana fiber
is one kind of fiber but it is not a textile fiber. Because it cannot fill up the above properties. So
we can say that all fiber is not textile fiber.

What is Textile Fabric?

 The term fabric can be defined as a planner structure produced by

interlaced/interloped yarns or fibers and felts made by interlocking fibers.
 It is a manufactured assembly of fibers and/or yarns that has substantial surface area
in relation to its thickness and sufficient mechanical strength to give the assembly
inherent cohesion.

Nonwoven, where yarns are bonded or interlocked using mechanical, chemical, thermal, hydro
or solvent.

 Warp
 Weft
  Knitting, with one continuous yarn broken into two kinds of knits:
 Satin
 Twill
 Plain
 Weaving, layering warp and fill yarns, with three basic types of weaves
 Fabric is the material or cloth made from natural or man-made yarns using one of
the following methods:
 Fabric Production

PROCESS

The polymer being spun must be converted into a fluid state. If the polymer is a thermoplastic
then it can be simply melted, otherwise it is dissolved in a solvent or chemically treated to form
soluble or thermoplastic derivatives. The molten polymer is then forced through the spinneret,
and then it cools to a rubbery state, and then a solidified state. If a polymer solution is used, then
the solvent is removed after being forced through the spinneret.

Spinning is manufacturing process for creating polymer fibers. It is a specialized form of

extrusion that uses a spinneret to form multiple continuous filaments. There are many types of
spinning: wet, dry, dry jet-wet, melt, gel, and electro spinning.

PRETREATMENT PROCESS

Natural fibers and synthetic fibers contain primary impurities that are contained naturally, and
secondary impurities that are added during spinning, knitting and weaving processes. Textile pre-
treatment is the series of cleaning operations. All impurities which cause adverse effect during
dyeing and printing are removed in pre-treatment process.

Pre-treatment processes include desiring, scouring , and bleaching, which make subsequent
dyeing and softening processes easy. Uneven desizing, scouring, and bleaching in the pre-
treatment processes might cause drastic deterioration in the qualities of processed products, such
as uneven dyeing and decrease in fastness.
OBJECTIVE OF PRE-TREATMENT:

1- To convert fabric from hydrophobic to hydrophilic state.

2- To remove dust, dirt etc from the fabric.
3- To achieve the degree of desire whiteness.

DESIZING

Sizes are applied to the warp yarns of the woven fabrics to assist the weaving process but must
be removed prior to dyeing or printing. This process of removing the starch from the fabric is
called desizing. Cellulosic and Synthetic fabrics contain sizes to some extent, whereas knitted
fabric does not contain sizes.

SCOURING

Scouring is the next process after desizing in which the water insoluble impurities, the natural
fats and waxes present in the fabric are removed. This provides a greater cleaning action to
remove the soiling and staining developed during transportation or storage of the goods. Due to
the removal of these impurities, the absorbency of the fabric increases to the greater extent, this
facilitates further processing functions. There are two methods come into account, which are,
alkali scouring and solvent scouring Normally, alkali scouring is the mostly accepted process and
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is applied as alkali.

BLEACHING

The scouring process of cotton removes waxes, but other majority of impurities leaving behind
the natural coloring matter. In such situation, bleaching completes the purification of fiber by
ensuring the complete decolourisation of coloring matter. A general classification of bleaching
agents is shown in:-

TEXTILE FINISHING
Textile Finishing is a process used in manufacturing of fiber, fabric, or clothing. In order to
impart the required functional properties to the fiber or fabric, it is customary to subject the
material to different type of physical and chemical treatment.

Types of Finishing process

MECHANICAL FINISHING;

Involving the application of physical principles such as friction, temperature, pressure, tension
and many others.

Chemical Finishing;

The finishes applied by means of chemicals of different origins, a fabric can receive properties
otherwise impossible to obtain with mechanical means.

Enzyme Finishing;

Bio polishing, also called bio-finishing, is a finishing process applied to cellulosic textiles that
produces permanent effects by the use of enzymes. Bio-finishing removes protruding fires and
slobs from fabrics, significantly reduces pilling, softens fabric hand and provides a smooth fabric
appearance, especially for knit wear and as a pretreatment for printing.

Types of Finishing

 Soil Release Finishes

 Flame
 Retardant
 Treatment
 Anti Pilling
 Crease Resistant
 Crease Proofing
 Elastomeric Finishes
 Peach finish
 Non Slip Finish
 Stain and Soil Resistant Finishes
  Oil and Water Proofing
 Water-Repellent Finishes
 Absorbent Finishes
 Anti Static Finish
 Anti Mildew
 Mothproofing Finishes
 Antimicrobial Finish
 Colourfastness
 Improving Finish
 Self-cleaning
 Hydrophilic finishing
 Photo-protective agents and antioxidants Biologically protective finishes

DYEING AND PRINTING

Textiles are usually colored to make them attractive and beautiful. They would appear extremely
dull in the absence of color. There are two ways of adding color to a textile substrate, printing
and dyeing. Printing is a process in which a multicolour effect is produced on the textile at
discrete places where as dyeing completely covers the substrate with color. The substances used
to color the textiles can be classified as dyes or pigments.

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT

Personnel
Manager
Head Time ESI and PF clerk Security Officer
Keeper

Senior Time Wage clerk Security Guards

Keeper

Shift Time
Keeper

The Human Resource Management (HRM) function covers a wide range

of activities. Human resources are the lively elements of an organization. An
organization utilises human resources along with technological, financial, physical and
other resources.

In HRM, is related with the management of man power. The important

task of HRM is to help every employee to grow himself to the maximum. It is mainly
concerned with methods of recruitment, selection, training and placement of personnel
and performance appraisal. Personnel manager is a staff officer in the organization. He
gives advice to top-level management in relation with personnel policies and
programmes. Human Resource Management checks whether the workers are given fair
working conditions, allowances etc. There are more than 200 people working in Ikon
Textiles.
 Functions

The functions and responsibilities of human resource management are

as follows

 To establish good relation with employees.

 To develop human capital.
 To forecast and balance the demand for and supply suitable
personnel.
 To have efficient performance of the managerial functions.
 To effectively utilise the technology and other resources.
 To maximise productivity.
 To develop higher employee morale.
 To motivate human resources for better performance.
 To ensure optimum utilisation of human resources.

OBJECTIVE:

The company’s HR objective is to achieve company’s growth through developing a

highly motivated and committed work force. There are 250 employees of whom 25 are staff and
the rest workmen. In addition, we employ workmen on temporary basis as and when required.

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF HR:

The world around us is changing and the HR Roles and Responsibilities have to change
as well. In the past, the HRM was responsible for developing the processes, which assure the top
quality delivered to the organization.

The demand from the organization changes. The organization does not expect the HRM
Function to react to its requests; it expects HRM Function to proactively propose new solutions,
new procedures and new policies to keep the competitive advantage on the market.
 The HR Roles and Responsibilities needs to react to this basic request by the
organization to keep the level of the satisfaction. Unfortunately, when you browse the Internet to
find information about the HR Roles and Responsibilities, you usually find the tables describing
the split of roles and responsibilities between HRM function and the internal clients.

Now a day, the HRM has to deliver even more. The HR Roles and Responsibilities have to take
the high level recognition of the organization and they need to be adjusted to make a full fit.

The HR Roles have to be adjusted to:

 Keep HRM Function focused on tracking and implementing new trends in the industry
 Keep HRM Function focused on helping the line management to implement
improvements
 Keep HRM Function focused on operational excellence
 Keep HRM Function responsible for developing the Human Capital potential in the
organization.

The HR Responsibilities have to be adjusted to:

  Demonstrate the Line Management the will to keep the responsibility for the Human
Capital costs
 Keep the competitive advantage on the market (and not just the job market)
 Demonstrate the will to drive the main HR Processes to keep the organization in the
excellent health
 Keep HRM Function supporting the Business Strategy to reach the business initiatives
 Keep HRM responsible for the tasks resulting from the Business Strategy

The new definition of the HR Roles and Responsibilities is important for the success of
Human Resources in the modern organization, but many HRM Function fail to implement good
ideas. For the support, you can download the following presentation on HR Roles and
Responsibilities.

MANPOWER PLANING:

 Right man for the right job at the right time.

 Identification/ foresee manpower and skills requirement
 Selection &supply of manpower
RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION:

 Application.
 Paper advertisement &campus interview.
 Through relations and friends.
TRAINING CONSISTS OF:

 Growth, Philosophy, Company history

 Products, Processes, Operations & Units
 Organizational policies & procedures
 Welfare measures and facilities available
 Work methods
 Safety and Discipline, Fire fighting.
PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL:

 At all level
  Executives, staffs, workers, trainers
 Periodical appraisal
 Head of Department appraisal.
BONUS:

A minimum of 8.33% and maximum of 20% is provided promotion.

 Based on the organizational needs.

 Based on skill requirement
 Based on manpower
SALARY AND WAGES:

The workers receive their wages 7th if every month when the staffs receive theirs.

WELFARE SCHEMES:

 Group insurance scheme

 Super annulations scheme
 Death relief fund
 Courtesy transport

LEAVE POLICY:

Those who are worked 6 days in a week, they are eligible to get one day leave in the
week.

MEDICAL FACILITY:

Medical facilities are given to the workers in the factory. If they meet with an accident in
the factory. They will be provided the medical facilities.

OTHER BENEFITS AVAILABLE IN THE ORGANIZATION:

 Tea
 Cool water
 First –Aid appliances
  Proper ventilation and lighting
 Allowances for workers
 Canteen
 Rest room and lunch room
 Hostel (fully for Dyeing workers)
 Bonus
 Provident funds
 Employees state insurance
 Transport facilities
 Phone facilities

TIME OFFICE:

The time office plays an important role for fixation for wages and salary
for workers, who are working in the unit.

Strength of the company

Workers 161

Officers 8

supervisors 5

Office 15
assistant

Drivers 5

Security 5

Peons 3
 TOTAL 202

Dearness Allowance.

Dearness allowance will be on the basis of Trivandrum cost of living index with
1970=100

Employees State Insurance (ESI)

The employment State Insurance Act provides benefits to employees in case of

sickness, maternity or any injury. An employee drawing salary less than Rs 10000 per
month will come under this act. It is applicable to both accidents and Sickness. The
employee will get free treatment and compensation. The employee can take 90 days
leave for sickness and accidents. For accidents leave, he or she will get 75% of their
basic wages and dearness allowance. In case of sickness leave, the employee can draw
50%of their wages and dearness allowance.

Employee Provident Fund Scheme.

The employee contribution towards provident fund is 10%of monthly contribution by
the company. It is the amount received by the employee at the time of retirement in
lump sum. From the companies contribution Rs541 will be paid to every employee’s
pension fund each month.

Maternity Benefit

The maternity benefit is also provided as per the provisions of ESI act 1948. 84 days
leave will be granted as Maternity benefit. If delivery is done at hospitals referred from
ESI hospital then the full amount of treatment will be reimbursed.

Gratuity

If the employees complete a five years of continuous service, they are eligible to get
gratuity. In case of death or disablement the qualifying period of 5 years is not
necessary..

Canteen

Ikon exports located in Tirupur provide a well established canteen. Both the
management and workers can use the canteen facility. Canteen extends its service for
round the clock.

Shelters and rest room

There is sufficient number of shelters and rest rooms are arranged separately for the
men and women workers. They can utilize the rest room at the leisure time or for
taking meals.

Travelling allowances

The employees of Ikon textiles get a travelling allowance of Rs 26 per month for 26
working days.

Pension

Workers – 1000 to 1500

Staff - 7000 to 8000

Supervisors- 7000
 Junior manager – 8000

Assistant manager- 9000 above

Deputy manager- 10000

Manager- 12000

General Manager – 14000

Managing director- 20000

Selection of employees

The staffs of the organisation are appointed through the PSC

(Public Service Commission) and the lower workers are recruited through agreement
between trade unions & workers.

Shift of workers

There are three shifts in the company. They are

FROM TO

7.00 AM 3.30
PM

3.30 PM 12.00
AM

12.00AM 7.00
AM
PURCHASE DEPARTMENT:

Yarn is the main raw material of the company .it purchases its raw material from
the local areas and other districts. Liketirupure, erode, and Coimbatore etc. the
purchased raw yarn are brought into the company by Lorries, trucks and heavy
containers. The securing person to be cross checked by stored inward register.

The yarn is weighted & stored in raw material go down. The total weight is
entered in “Weighted list register” which is maintained store keeper Material purchased
through purchase order.

The Yarn has been classified into 5 types. They are:

 Fiber
 2’s Count
 6’s Count
 10’s Count
 20’s Count

Using fiber we can produce yellow cloth, and 2’s count we produce Handloom
products,6’s count to produce Power loom products and then used in weeping and
warping, 10’s count we produce Kitchen clothes i.e., Checked cloth, Glass cloth using
only power loom. 20’s count is used only for warping.
MARKETING DEPARTMENT

STRACTURE OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT

MARKETING
MANAGER

ASSIATANT
MANAGER

DEALERS

AGENTS

CUSTOMERS

The target market of IKON is the India market from there these products are purchased by
business concentrated on textile sectors. In order to avoid the ware housing and storage in
Mumbai these products are transferred to agents present in India that is IKON products are
marketed through “Depot marketing”.
Depot marketing means the agents act as intermediaries. IKON provides 1.5% of commission to
these agents .they sell the yarn o0n the basis of the present market value. The agent purchases
yarn from the mill and provides this yarn to the concerned parties. The payment is made only
after the selling procedure is complete

The cotton purchased from various state of India such as Punjab, Maharashtra etc. it is mainly
done by inviting quotation through online. The main products of IKON are carded yarn, combed
yarn and hank yarn .among the combed yarn possesses the highest demand in the market.

MARKETING INFORMATION SYSTEM

Agents placed outside our state are the main source of marketing information for IKON. Since
no marginal retail price can be fixed on the fiber yarn produced in IKON, the changes in the
market price and the condition are known in advance to the firm by the agents. Other than these
marketing opportunities for the products in IKON.

PRICING STRATEGY

One of the most important factors relating to fiber yarn is that no fixed marginal retail
price(MRP ) can be printed on the fiber yarn. Thus the firm is forced to sell the product at the
market price of the fiber yarn. Having known the changes that can happen in the market well in
advance, the firm is able to stock raw materials to be used in favorable conditions and thus
maintains the profit.

ROLE OF THE MARKETING MANAGER:

For the small business, there are several different organizational approaches to marketing.
The duty may lie with a single member of the team, or it could be a group responsibility. The
great thing about a small team is the ability to quickly instill a marketing led ethos which can
become the operational soul of your business.

Depending on budget availability and the skills of the team, you may chose to outsource
certain elements of the marketing process (such as market research) or decide to do these jobs in-
house. Key responsibilities of the marketing manager / director vary according to the business
but can include:

 Instilling a marketing led ethos throughout the business

 Researching and reporting on external opportunities
 Understanding current and potential customers
 Managing the customer journey (customer relationship management)
 Developing the marketing strategy and plan
 Management of the marketing mix
 Managing agencies
 Measuring success
 Managing budgets
 Ensuring timely delivery
 Writing copy
 Approving images
 Developing guidelines
 Making customer focused decisions

The goods produced in the firm have been marketed through different ways:

Friends circle, Gathering Address, Existing customers Samples have been given only
10% of their own samples and through customers they receive 90% of samples. The firm
has also fixing the rate for their goods by quotation basis after consulting that they fixing
the rate.
FINANCE DEPARTMENT:

Finance & Accounts departments are the heart of the company. This department has
overall responsibility for financial management. All purchase & sales activities are concerned
with the accounts department.

Finance & Accounts department deal with recording calcifying summarizing, preparing
& interpreting financial information computers are made vast use off here. They are keeping
contact with more than three banks.

The accounts department is computerized. All the books of accounts are maintained in
computers. The company has its own website. In this website, all information about company
and its product is available.

Accounts department is to maintain the company’s accounts and to finance the respective
departments in order to meet out their official expense like purchase of materials, salaries,
wages, etc.,

Accounts department keeps track of the transactions of the company and also the assets
and liabilities and produces the balance sheet financial year. Then they are audited by a reputed
charted accountant.

FINANCE DEPARTMENT

FINANCE & ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT CHART

Finance Department

Accounts officer
 Cashier

Clerks

ROLE OF FINANCE MANAGER

The role of finance manager in the company is an important one. The function of the finance
manager is not confined to the management and making of the accounts but it also plays a major
role in dividend decisions, capital budgeting decisions, capital structure outlay of the firm,
decision related to the merger and acquisitions, and all the investment decisions of the firm. Thus
the finance manager plays an important role in any business enterprise.

THE DIFFERENT DECISIONS CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO:

1. The routine working capital and cash management decisions.

2. Dividend decisions
3. Investment decisions
4. Financial forecasting
5. International financial decisions
6. Portfolio management
7. Risk management
8. Cash management
RESPONSIBILITIES OF FINANCIAL MANAGER

The Financial Manager is responsible for entire finance department. Each and every
transaction related to cash or bank is responsible for Financial Manager. These are the head of
the Finance Department. Preparation of Financial Statements like Profit and loss accounts and
Balance sheets.

The finance manager has to deal with the mainly or generally with thaw 4 A's, these are

1) Anticipation of fund (i.e. capitalization)

2) Acquisition of fund (i.e. raising of funds)
3) Allocation of fund (i.e. investment decision)
4) Assessment of fund (i.e. evaluation of financial activities)

Responsibility of accounts department:

 It is responsible for preparation of cash flow& monitoring the inflow &

outflow of cash.
 It also prepares financial budgets in line with the annual business plan.
 It is adopting management plan to reduce interest cost by proper source of
finance.
 Facilities & compliances of procedures are prescribed by lenders.
Functions of Finance Department:

 It takes care of the day-to-day accounts.

 Preparing monthly, quarterly, half yearly, annual performance details.
 Review of monthly sales purchase inventory control & overhead expenses.

Transactional Excellence:

 On – time completion of all transactions (include payment and receipt of

cheques, fixed deposits)
 Timely verification of interests calculations made by the bank.
The books maintained are as follows
  Minutes books of general meetings
 Register of directors attendance
 Register of investments
 Register of contracts

Records Maintained:

 Cash book &petty cash book

 Bill record book
 Purchase book & purchase returns book
 Sales book & Sales return book
 Bills inwards book & bill payment book
 Pass book & General book.

DIAGRAMATIC REPRESENTATION OF DEPARTMENT FUNCTION

OPENING STOCK

INWARD/ GOODS ISSUES/INDENTS

RECEIPT NOTE

MAINTAINING
LEDGER CLOSING STOCK LEDGER
ON WEIGHTED
AVERAGE METHOD

INTERNAL INTERNAL
VOUCHER FOR VOUCHER FOR
ISSUES ISSUES
OPERATION DEPARTMENT

Operational department is the most important department of IKON EXPORT ENTERPRISES.

This department carries out the manufacturing of all the products. The company carries out
continuous production system; hence this department plays a very crucial role in IKON
EXPORT ENTERPRISES.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF OPERATIONS MANAGER:

 Operation manager is the head of the operation department

 Operation manager have fixed the monthly target according to the market operations
 An operation manager responsible for the modification of the production process and is
responsible for efficient discharges.
 Operation manager is the designated emergency controller during any hazardous
incidents.
 Operation manager has the administrative control over the operations department.

OBJECTIVES OF OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT:

 Reduce non confirming products.

 Maximize the availability of electrolyze operation.
 Optimizing the specific consumption of electricity, raw materials and resources.

QUALITY CONTROL:

Textile Testing and Quality Control (TTQC) lab is responsible to ensure the quality of the
products. In response to textile product evaluation TTQC lab plays an important role. Now days,
man wants to get qualitative product from the producer. For this reason it is the duty of a
producer to produce qualitative product.

In textile industry; quality is assured in different stage of production. From the raw
materials to the finished goods, quality is assured by the quality control department. Quality is
assured in fiber selection, yarn production, fabric manufacturing, wet processing and apparel
manufacturing. Also, quality is checked for dyestuff and chemicals which is used in dyeing,
printing and finishing. Most of the times, quality control department gives a quality pass
certificate before export.

TTQC lab is also set up in educational institute, research institute for teach the quality
evaluation system and research. It is also set in port to test the quality of the textile products.
Some TTQC lab is set up for commercial purpose. Some quality standardizing group also set up
TTQC lab for test the quality. In dyestuff market, TTQC lab is set up for ensure the quality of the
dyes and chemicals.

QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM:

Quality is an important aspect of our production process. Our products are

checked as per ISO requirements. We have a separate quality control department, where our
quality control experts check the products at each stage of production, starting from raw
materials to the final delivery. We follow stringent measures to ensure the quality of the final
output. We offer a wide range of products as per the desired requirements of our esteemed clients
and that too without compromising on the quality.

WAREHOUSING & PACKAGING:

In the present age, a good warehouse is indispensable specially, in case of a

manufacturing and export company, like ours. We are proud to have a large warehousing facility
spread over 2000 sq feet.

We keep all our products in different parts divided for different products separately. All
these are kept ensuring complete safety of each piece thereby minimizing the risk of damage. We
also provide custom packaging of clients’ orders as per their needs and specifications.

We offer individual and bulk packaging to our clients. We believe in providing our
clients with designer home furnishing items with combination of traditional and futuristic design
and with export quality packaging.
 CHAPTER IV

SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS:

 Indian Textile Industry is an Independent & Self-Reliant industry.

 Abundant Raw Material availability that helps industry to control costs and
reduces the lead-time across the operation.
 Availability of Low Cost and Skilled Manpower provides competitive advantage
to industry.
 Availability of large varieties of cotton fiber and has a fast growing synthetic fiber
industry.
 India has great advantage in Spinning Sector and has a presence in all process of
operation and value chain
WEAKNESSES:

 Indian Textile Industry is highly Fragmented Industry.

 Industry is highly dependent on Cotton.
 Lower Productivity in various segments.
 There is Declining in Mill Segment.
 Lack of Technological Development that affect the productivity and other
activities in whole value chain.
 Infrastructural Bottlenecks and Efficiency such as, Transaction Time at Ports and
transportation Time.
 Unfavourable labor Laws.
 Lack of Trade Membership, which restrict to tap other potential market.
OPPORTUNITIES:

 Growth rate of Domestic Textile Industry is 6-8% perannum.

 Large, Potential Domestic and International Market.
 Product development and Diversification to cater global needs.
 Elimination of Quota Restriction leads to greater Market Development.
 Market is gradually shifting towards Branded Readymade Garment.
  Increased Disposable Income and Purchasing Power of Indian Customer open
New Market Development.
 Emerging Retail Industry and Malls provide huge opportunities for the Apparel,
Handicraft and other segments of the industry.
 Greater Investment and FDI opportunities are available.

THREATS:

 Competition in post-2005 is not just in exports, but is also likely within the
country due to cheaper imports of goods of higher quality at lower costs.
 Standards such as SA-8000 or WARP have resulted in increased pressure on
companies for improvement of their working practices.
 Alternative competitive advantages would continue to be a barrier.

CHAPTER V

FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS

 Customer is fully satisfied with the product quality

 Product distribution is going very fastly and there is no delay in supply of products to the
markets
 Cost of production is high
 Rate of interest of loan is very high as compared to agricultural industry
 The company is environment friendly
 Better industrial relationship
 Qualified and skilled workers
 No suggestion boxes for employees
 There are only few competitors in India
 Most of the employees are appointed on the basis of contract, therefore no job security
among them
 Low availability of raw materials
 Good refreshment facility in the organization
  During harvest season huge amount have to be paid for cotton

SUGGESTIONS

 Provide more job security by appointing workers on permanent basis

 Provide suggestion boxes
 IKON should be computerized and linked with all departments
 Provide uniforms for the employees that may help to create feeling of uniformity
 Effort should be taken to maintain a sound balance between tradition and modernization
 Provide mask and head cover
 Since office not fully furnished the space requirement of each department is not met
 To increase the availability of cotton in various sources.

CONCLUSION

In this organization study at IKON gave a lot to study and understand the mannerism of
putting theoretical frame work in to practice. The objectives of this study were acquiring
knowledge about the functional as well as managerial aspects and the origin and history of
the company. Through this organization study a practical experience in the different
organizational activities was made.

The organization study has helped to understand more about textile industry and the major
threat faced by the industry. It also helped me to understand the fact that textile and clothing
industry is the single most earners around 30% of gross export earnings for India holds the
second position in the world market in the field of yarn. This organization is absolutely
suitable for the climate of Ikon.

But the number of textile industry in south India declining day to day. It mainly due to the
non-availability of credit and lack of modernization in the field of production. The uncertain
risk behind the raw material that is cotton is one of the main threads of this industry. In
IKON the raw materials being brought from Andra Pradesh, Maharashtra Tamil nadu, Punjab
etc at the same time the finished goods are also transported outside the state which lead to the
high production cost.
 If the industry is able to overcome these threats then it this sector would provide more job
opportunities in the industrial as well as agricultural sector.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 SHARMA.P.K.SHASHI K. GUPTA, “ Financial management”, kalyani publisher, new

delhi-1999
 KOTHARI C.R , “research methodology methods”, wishwaprakasam, new delhi, 2nd
edition,1990
 HORNGREN, DAPAP & FOSTER, “cost accounting a managerial emphasis” ,2003 by
pears on education institutions.

WEBSITE

 www.google.com
 www.scribed.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.cotton.com