Green Market: A Redevelopment of San Pablo, Laguna Public Market to Transform into

Sustainable Design
Reuben Soriano Tanglao
Holy Angel University
Abstract
Public markets has a huge and wide difference compare to shopping malls. The San
Pablo Public market and Shopping mall is designed as, the public market and the
shopping mall were being combined into one building, which is not persuasive for
the public market and shopping mall has contradicting characteristics and has a
wide difference in terms of ventilation and sanitation. In correspondence to these
problems, the researcher will find ways on how to provide the best solutions making
the proposal to click and be feasible, by doing investigative work in the existing
site, conduct surveys and interviews, finding sources related to the study. The
main goal of this study is to rehabilitate the shopping mall into a unique public
market. As the researcher wants to integrate the development into sustainable
design, the researcher proposes a redevelopment to the existing public market and
shopping mall by adding two (2) to three (3) levels with additional terminal, water
and solid treatment facilities, by these facilities it will introduce sustainable
development to the people of San Pablo, Laguna. In additional, as the author wants
to include tourism as a part of development, the development will have wood carving
facilities, and an exhibition center to house the arts and culture, and the
different tourist attractions in Laguna, and other facilities involving the
different products that were produced in Laguna.

Keywords: Contradicting characteristics, Sustainable development, Integrate, Water

and Solid waste treatment facilities, Sustainable Development, Arts and Culture.
A Redevelopment of Public Market in San Pablo, Laguna to Transform the Market for
Sustainable Design
Sustainable design or building "green" is an opportunity to use our resources
efficiently while creating healthier buildings (Dick, 2014).
Public Market is a space that annually draws more people than any of the city�s
major sporting and cultural events (Shorett & Mogan, 2007) this is one of the place
that promotes tourism in a city. Tourist mostly goes to places where it is relaxing
and places where there is a healthy environment. Public markets were the first
place that were built to shop and buy the daily needs of people at the past years,
where there is not that much competence for other buildings like malls and other
commercial buildings until these buildings were suddenly erected what made the
market to be look like a low-class shopping place.
A Public Market is a year-round, carefully crafted, intentional and diverse medley
of owner-operated shops, stalls and/or �day tables�. Public Market exists to
fulfill a public purpose, showcase a community�s unique character and culture while
serving its everyday shopping needs. They typically focus on the sale of a full
array of fresh, healthful, value added, and prepared foods � often locally owned
and operated which highlight the best of local foods, crafts, music, heritage and
culture (Dela Cruz, 2014).
Philippine Public markets often describe to be messy, unorganized, and has a dingy
environment ventilated with foul odor. These deteriorating condition and lack of
supporting facilities lead to sudden decrease in patronage coming to the public
markets(Nedic,2012) and these situations lead to the construction of modernized
supermarkets and hypermarkets which are fully air conditioned that promotes
convenience shopping that leads to its rapid popularity.
Most businesses operate responsibility and within the limits of the law (Pride &
Ferrell, 2016). Many vendors disobeying the rules in the public market by the
Government, for nowadays most vendors sells outside the market which is not allowed
by the IRR. There is a provision in the IRR disallowing construction of stalls and
selling along sidewalk and outside the market (American Psychological Association,
2012).
Due to lack of maintenance, different problems in the public market were observed
by the researcher these are, the faded color of the building, all the stalls have
no specific sections and not well planned, the absence of waste water treatment
facilities, sanitation facilities, and the foul smell of stagnant water coming from
the fish and meat section. These problems become the predicament of the San Pablo
shopping mall. These scenarios add to the situation leaving the public market and
the vicinity a sickly environment. The existence of these problems may pose a
threat to the sustainability of the public market and San Pablo shopping mall.
Promoting green and sustainable development is one of the main goal objective of
the study, the second project objective is to provide a sense of place to establish
a good impact to the beneficiaries; users and the environment and last is to
attract tourist which will help enhancing the economy of San Pablo, Laguna.
This study will give benefits to the users and economy for it creates a public
healthy space and environment to the site that will serve as a meeting place to the
locals, neighboring municipalities and tourist for social interaction is the
significance of the study. This study will transform the public market into a
sustainable/green building by architectural solutions which will be a benchmark in
designing a green public market in the Philippines.
The study�s main focus is about the integrated sustainable/green development of the
San Pablo public market.
The study will only focus to the San Pablo Public Market. Other commercial
buildings/establishments that will engage in shopping will not be included in the
study.
Furthermore, Public markets pose a challenge for waste management in cities and
towns (Lumbao, 2009) that made the researcher take the challenge and make the study
to also focus about the strategies and technologies on the waste, in able to meet
the requirements of the Code on sanitation of the Philippines which is PD 856 for
public markets by this waste management it will benefit the users and environment,
develop sociality in the place which will help to the progress of the economy.
The researcher expects to create an active and healthy public space and environment
for the locals or any market users in response to sustainability and an output that
promote environmental-friendly establishments.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Primary Data
- Interviews
- Survey Questionnaire

Secondary Data
- Pertinent Laws
- Government Documents
- Case Studies
- Journals
- Etc. Project Objectives
- To promote green and sustainable development
- To provide a sense of place to establish a good impact to beneficiaries;
users and the environment
- To attract tourist to enhance the economy of San Pablo, Laguna
Design Objectives
- To design a public market and shopping mall that adopts green and
sustainable design strategies.
- To design a public market and shopping mall that is well-planned and with the
compliance of the national building code and other codes related to sanitation.
- To design a public market and shopping mall that is competitive to other
public market and shopping malls.
Design Considerations and Design Criteria
- Sanitation- The main design consideration is sanitation for it is the main or
leading problem of all public markets, creating or designing each building and the
environment in compliance on green building code and any code in relation to
sanitation.
- Natural Ventilation- will be provided to all buildings to reduce energy
consumption
- Zoning- Each section or area will be planned that can help lessen the
spreading foul smell mostly coming from wet market.
- Circulation- The public market and shopping mall will be planned in a way
that all movements of the people from one place to another will be smooth, same as
the delivery of goods, and also for the traffic flow decongest the traffic in the
vicinity of the public market.
- Security- Since the development is for public the safety and security of the
people going to the structure must be monitored and be well planned in case of
emergency happened.
- Sustainability- The project will be using modern technology with concern to
water saving/recycling, and natural planning procedures in energy saving.
- Landscaping- since the existing structure lacks in trees and landscapes,
providing trees will help to lessen the heat index in the area.
- Durability and Strength- To ensure that the structures built are strong and
can withstand powerful disaster that may come.
-

GREEN MARKET: A Redevelopment of Public Market in San Pablo, Laguna to Transform

the Market for Sustainable Design.

- Green public market/shopping mall, a building facility for waste

water treatment and a building facility for solid waste treatment.
Figure 1. Conceptual framework
Methods
Research Design
The study will go in for descriptive research design because the
research is more of qualitative type for it is an architectural research, wherein
it contains survey method. The architectural research is about searching for new
knowledge and new ideas about built environment, the research can be conducted in
the variety of sub-disciplines, including building technology that is mostly
related to green and sustainable technologies, environment-behavior studies, and
computing technology that is why most of the time it does not require
experimentations. It usually describes and interpret situations or conditions.
Sources of Data
The primary source of data will come from the interviews, and survey. The
researcher will going to interview a professor/architect of Holy Angel University
that has a background about sustainable building design, also the municipal
engineer will be interviewed about the structural and architectural data of the
building, and lastly the researcher will interview the market superintendent of the
public market for it is the one who plan, direct, or coordinate the selling,
buying, leasing or governance activities of commercial so he has the most data
about the existing public market. The survey for fifty (50) personnel will also be
a primary source of data. On the other hand, secondary source of data will be
gathered on books, magazines, internet and other thesis materials related to public
market and sustainable building design.
Participants
 For the participants in interview they will be Engr. Gilberto Mondez who
is the provincial engineer of Laguna, by him the data on how the building was
constructed and how the building must be constructed will be obtained. Second will
be Ar. Rosette M. Santos a professor in Holy Angel University that specializes
about sustainability for buildings, and lastly Mr. Nelsom Cacao the market
superintendent IV who is the one who manage the actions in the public market.
For the survey the researcher will conduct a survey inside the public market
to the market vendors and users that already have a 5 years� experience in working
at San Pablo Public Market to assure that there is exact information or data that
they will give to the researcher. The researcher will survey for at least 70
personnel.
Procedure
Random sampling method will be used in selecting the participants
of the study, for any type of the market vendors were applicable to answer the
survey questions. The survey tool has a body of 12 questions which is mostly be
answered by yes or no, seventy (70) questionnaires will be distributed to the
market vendors at the time that they are not busy enough to answer the interview
full heartedly. After administering the questionnaires, the researcher will collect
them and the data collected will be organized statistically. The method that the
researcher will use in conducting the interview will be the personal interview.
Through this, the researcher would be able to get firsthand information from each
participant regarding the matters. The researcher will record the entire interview
to assure that each word said by the interviewee will be exact and be not
forgotten.
Data Analysis Plan
The primary data will be gathered will give information to the researcher
about the current conditions of the San Pablo Public market and the secondary data
will provide rules, strategies, plans, and designs that will help in attaining the
project objectives of the proposal. Then the whole data gathered will be executed
into architectural drawings and be done on the following software these are AutoCad
2015, Photoshop Cs6, Sketchup 2015, and Lumion 6.
Site Criteria
Natural, Environmental, Physical Factors.
Accessibility (Mode of Transportation).
Cycling or walking is strong encouraged for the researcher is developing a
environment friendly site, also it will help to reduce the congestion challenges
also people rely more on non-automobile strategies, including more walking,
cycling, ridesharing, public transit and telecommunications, and accessible
locations. (T Littman, 2017).
Utility and Services.
The site should provide different kinds and unique services.
Vulnerability to Natural Hazards.
The site should be located in less vulnerable area to natural hazard since it homes
a thousand number of marketers every day.
Site Topography .
The site topography should be at flat surface of land or be at 0-3% grade.
Climate.
The climate of the site should be tropical since it has a wet market inside which
will help in preserving the products being sell inside the public market. The site
temperature must not be higher than 30 degree celcius even at dry and wet season.
Green areas
The site must have green areas and biodiversity.
Orientation.
The site should have a clear view to all sides and its facade should be adjacent to
the main road.
Geology and Soils.
Well graded gravel with clay binder and well graded gravel with little fines or no
fines are the best soils for foundation purpose (Nagayach, 2015) and for geology
the site should be away from active fault.
Drainage.
There shall be proper and adequate drainage and sewerage system in the public
market to ensure cleanliness and sanitation (Public Market Code of Mariveles
Bataan, n.d., p.1).
Hydrology.
The site should be located in a flood free zone to access easily by the market
users.
Future Expansion Plan.
The site should have an area for expansion since a shopping mall accommodates more
than 10,000 people everyday but the existing building accommodates only 5000-6000
people according to the secretary(interviewee) of the mall supervisor this affects
the economy of a city.
Legal, Institutional, Administrative, and Aesthetic Factor
Land Use & Zoning.
The site should be within commercial zone as per PD 1096 or the National Building
Code of the Philippines. Also, the site should be within the limits of the local
Comprehensive Land Use Plan.
The site lot boundary should be lengthy.
Transportation.
The site should be available to private and public transportation mostly for
tricycles and jeepneys.
Road networks.
The site must be adjacent to at least one major road.
Water Supply.
The city water provider must be able to supply the public market easily or without
any interruption to its surrounding since water in the main needs inside the public
market. The IRR specifically provides for piped water supply facilities for each
stall. (Public Market Standards in the Philippines, 2012) Additionally the site
should adopt the concept of storm water management which includes storm water run-
offs and treatment of wastewater for another source of water supply.
Electric / Power Supply.
The city electric provider must be able to supply the public market easily or
without any interruption to its surrounding.
Telecommunications.
Telephone booth and internet connections should be readily available for it will
help for security reasons.
Waste Disposal System.
�No Littering� signs shall be posted inconspicuous places to warn vendors and
buyers that the same is punishable by laws (Public Market Code Of Mariveles Bataan,
n.d. , p.3) and even though there were signs an adequate number of garbage cans
shall be placed at strategic places for the garbage and rubbish of the buyers
(Public Market Code Of Mariveles Bataan, n.d. , p.3) also the site should adopt the
zero waste planning which includes the 3r�s reducing, recycling, and reusing, and
as the composting waste to convert and produce energy. We need to plan for
recycling centers, for zero landfill and �eliminating the concept of waste� and
better understanding nutrient flows (Braungart, 2002).
Fuel / Petroleum, Oil and Lubricants (POL) Depot.
The site should be far for at least a distance of 100 meters to fuel station to
prevent contamination and mixing of chemicals at the air to the goods sells in the
public market.
Restrictive Covenants / Deeds of Restrictions / Requirements.
The site should have public market code.
Proximity to Important Existing Facilities.
The site should be 1 km away from a Hospital or any Medical facility for in case of
emergency.
Socio-Economic and Cultural Factor
Site Potential.
The public market potential in �tawaran� should be consistent for it is the major
advantage against the malls and other competing establishment and it is the way to
attract the buyers additionally it will flourish the business of the city. Also the
site should acquire good air quality, health, reduction of pollution, to foster
resilient communities, and have strong public space networks.
Density
The site should be ready for a high density development for at least 1,000 to 5,000
per day.
Within Urban Area / Central Business District
The site should be inside the central business district since it is the main source
of products and goods.
Pedestrian Access and Circulation
The site should have existing pedestrian walks and sidewalks to avoid traffic
neither accidents.
Catchment Area
The site catchment area should be located to all sides of the site.
Site Description
Table 3
Site Selection. This establishes a set of basic site selection elements and offers
suggested evaluation criteria for rating the elements.

1. Natural, Environmental, Physical Factors

CRITERIA SITE A
(San Pablo, Laguna)
Site Topography 4
Site should be at 0-3% level so that the marketers and deliveries can access
without any interruptions. Site is at 0-3% according to the
secretary of the supervisor of the San Pablo Shopping mall.
Climate 2
The temperature of the site should be 30 degrees celcius and below.
The researcher observed that the temperature exceeds 30 degrees celcius
Sun Orientation 2
The wet market should be oriented to the hottest part of the building to reduce
bacteria in it. The wet market is located at the ground floor where
light rays cannot pass through.
Green Areas 1
The site must have green areas and biodiversity.
the researcher found out that there are no green areas inside and
outside the site.
Drainage 2
There shall be proper and adequate drainage and sewerage system There
are drainage but they are clog by dirt and open.
Hydrology 4
The site should be located in a flood free zone.
According to the market vendors at the public market since the
site is located at a high ground the site is a flood free zone.
Accessibility 2
The site must be accessible in any mode of land transportation especially focus on
walking, cycling, ridesharing, public transit The site is accessible
only to jeepneys and tricycles because large vehicles like 10 wheeler truck cannot
enter it since the roads are too narrow.
Utility and services 3
The site should provide different kind and unique services Since the
existing structure is a mixed of a public market and a shopping mall the site
provides most of the service that an individual needs but for the researcher there
are still problems to be solved for there are still many wasted spaces as the
researcher visits the site.
Vulnerability to natural hazards 2
The site should be located in less vulnerable area to natural hazard
The researcher concludes that the site may be vulnerable to natural hazards
since it is located at a mountain.
Geology and soils 3
The soil type must be strong enough to hold the structural of the structure and for
its geology, it must be away to active faults Since the existing
structure in the site holds 3 storey building with a basement, the researcher
conclude that it is strong enough to hold its structural, and to its geology when
a magnitude occurs in batangas city, the san Pablo laguna is affected, and it is
one of the city being warned in the gma news that it must be located to active
fault line.
Orientation 4
The site should have a clear view to all sides
and its facade should be adjacent to the main road.
The site has a clear view on all of its sides and the facade is
adjacent to the main road
Future Expansion Plan 2
The site should have an area for expansion The site does not have
any space or area for future expansion so therefore vertical expansion is
recommended
2. Legal, Institutional, Administrative, and Aesthetic Factor
CRITERIA SITE A
(San Pablo, Laguna)
Land Use & Zoning 4
Current and projected zoning and land use (CLUP) should be compatible with the use
of the site. The site is located at the central business district
which in the commercial zone.
Transportation 3
The site should be available to private and public transportation
There are jeepneys, and tricycles which serves as the main public
transportation and other vehicles for private transportation
Road Networks 2
The site must be adjacent to at least one major road. According to the
observation of the researcher the site is adjacent to the major road but since the
road is too narrow, other vehicles prefer not to go that way.
Water supply 2
the site should adopt the concept of storm water management The existing
structure have not yet adopted that kind of concept since they are not familiar to
green technologies as the researcher interviewed one of the secretary of the market
superintendent.
Electric/ Power supply 4
The city electric provider must be able to supply the public market easily
The main source of electric of the site is meralco and it is located only
kilometres away.
Telecommunications 2
Telephone booth and internet connections should be readily available for it will
help for security reasons.
There is no main source of telecommunication in the site.

Waste Disposal System

2
The site should adopt the zero waste planning The site does not adopt
yet zero waste planning and their waste disposal system is they put their garbage
in front of the building before the time that the garbage truck will pass through.
Fuel/ Petroleum, Oil and Lubricants (POL) Depots 4
The site should be far for at least a distance of 100 meters to fuel station.
The existing gas station are 1.6 to 1.8 km away from the site.
Restrictive Covenants/ Deeds of Restriction/ Requirements 3
The site should have public market code.
The site has a existing public market code.
Proximity to Important Existing Facilities 3
The site should be near from a Hospital or any Medical facility for at least 1 km
away There is an existing hospital near the market it is just 650
meters away from the site.
3. Socio-Economic and Cultural Factor
CRITERIA SITE A
(San Pablo, Laguna)
Site Potential 1
Also the site should acquire good air quality, health, reduction of pollution, to
foster resilient communities, and have strong public space networks.
As observed by the researcher the air quality is not good, there is a no
chance of having a good health, and the air pollution so frequent coming from
vehicles.
Density 3
The site should be ready for a high density development for at least 1,000 to
5,000 As the researcher conduct interview, the interviewee said that
the average density of the building is 5000 including the tenants and workers
inside
Within Urban Area/ Central Business District 4
The site should be inside the central business district According to
the interviewee the site is located at the central business district.
Pedestrian Access and Circulation 1
The site should have existing pedestrian walks and sidewalks As
observed by the researcher the site has existing pedestrian walks and sidewalks but
the sidewalks were covered by the outside vendors which is not allowed by the
Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) in the Philippines.
Catchment Area 3
The site catchment area should be located to all sides of the site
There are existing catchment areas on the surroundings of the site example of
those are food chains, schools, and residential buildings.
Selection Elements
Elements SITE A
(San Pablo, Laguna)
Rating
Natural, Environmental, Physical Factors 2.58
The researcher found that there are factors that are well done but much of
the factors were against of the output of a sustainable and environment friendly
development. Green areas under the factor of environmental,
drainage under physical factors, and the future expansion under natural factor were
the main factors to be resolved as the researcher study the situation
Legal, Institutional, Administrative, and Aesthetic Factor 2.90
Most of the factor at legality and institutional were already good, but in
the administrative and aesthetic factor were needed to be improved more.
Telecommunications needs to be implemented in the site since it is a mixed
building of a public market and a shopping mall, and also there should be an area
for garbage disposal but not at the facade of the development.
Socio-Economic and Cultural Factor 2.40
The problems in socio-economic factor is the site has a low potential to
invite the target market therefore there are still improvements needed to be
develop. Most at socio economic factors do needs improvement for it
is the way on how to make a better market solution on sanitation
General Average 2.62

Site Profile

Figure 2. Facade of San Pablo public market and Shopping Mall.

This is the San Pablo City Public Market and Shopping Mall. As far as I know it's
unique in that the public market is specifically designed to be on the ground floor
while above is a shopping mall.

Figure 3. Me and City Shopping mall.

It is government owned in short it is for the public even the san Pablo shopping
mall and the another building called me and city shopping mall which is their
tenant. The San Pablo Shopping mall/ San Pablo public market in Laguna is located
at the center business district of city of San Pablo where in it is the most place
visited because it is the main source of cheap price goods and products which is
its main strength, not only that it has also a mall wherein you can shop like the
culture inside a market where in you can do bargain(tawaran),more on it is
accessible to the marketers and shoppers because it is located at the center of the
city and it is surrounded by mostly residential buildings, it is also PWD(Person
with disability) friendly for it has a ramp at its front. The proposed
redevelopment of San Pablo shopping mall and public market will be a solution to
the delayed bloom of the economy of san Pablo, accommodating more or less 5000
people every day is a strength in the economy of the whole San Pablo, Laguna, this
are some of the strengths of the San Pablo Public market, but then if it has
strengths it has also weaknesses like which more likely to be on sanitation more on
these are drainage, and garbage disposal problems for most of the public markets
main problem is sanitation, second weakness is about traffic because of the number
of person who go to the central business district by means of transportation causes
traffic in the surrounding of the site.

Figure 4. Other entrance of the public market.

More to it is its weakness in security and safety because some entrances were too
dark and narrow also most of the facilities were become old and unmaintained most
of its were easy to break in by the burglars, most like happened in the market for
most of their storage and divisions per stalls were made by wood. Additional to it
some places inside the public market were too dark where an individual can take
advantage to another individual by doing hold-up snatching, and other unnecessary
things done by criminals.

Figure 5. Existing parking area.

There is also existing parking area located at the basement of the structure but it
cannot accommodate all its customers because before customers can park their
vehicles the market and shopping mall vendors already parked their vehicles in the
basement, they use the basement for their loading area which is far and not easily
accessible when delivering their goods and products, in summary customers had no
place to park because it was already accommodated tenants.

Figure 6. Existing fire exit of the San Pablo shopping mall.

Weakness in safety in case of emergency its existing fire exits cannot accommodate
all the people inside for it has only one fire exit and last each section were not
zone properly that causes difficulty in accessing each sections. The site has the
opportunity to enhance and flourish the economy of the San Pablo, Laguna much more
when it is been improved and be known as a unique kind of public market if it is
managed and planned properly, also there is a chance drawing most of the shoppers
in the Public market and shopping mall instead going to other commercial
establishment, it can be also a meeting place for people when it has been developed
because of its relaxing environment and sense of place, last it has the opportunity
to be clean and be able to sustain itself in partnership to good management, its
threats are if it is not yet been developed there is a possibility that there were
no more people will go to that since we are in modern times right now and most of
the persons were love to go at nice places.

Figure 7. As Built plan of the basement of San Pablo public market and shopping
mall scaled to 1:600mm
At the basement there is an existing parking area, elevator, and the existing
meat section. The whole building has a total of 13,264 square meters, and the
existing meat section has a 4,581 sqm the difference between the two is the total
area for the parking which is 8,683 sqm.
Figure 8. As Built plan of the Ground floor plan of San Pablo public market and
shopping mall scaled to 1:600mm
The area of the ground floor, second and third floor is the same to the area of the
basement for it is projected vertically, the ground floor is still a part of the
public market, at the ground floor most of the spaces are use for selling shoes,
clothings and materials that is used daily by an individual.

Figure 9. As Built plan of the Second floor plan of San Pablo public market and
shopping mall scaled to 1:600mm
The second floor is part of the San Pablo Shopping Mall, you can access second
floor by passing the ramp and stairs and not by elevator because it is not working,
at the second floor there are stalls which are mostly the same as the stalls inside
the malls like gadget stores, accessories and many more, it has also two food
chain, Jollibee and McDonalds, and their offices were located near the meat
section.

Figure 10. As Built plan of the Third floor plan of San Pablo public market and
shopping mall scaled to 1:600mm
The third floor is consist of bingo pinoy and 1 cinema an open space, but now a
days the third floor is not facilitating because the bingo pinoy and cinema were
closed , and the open space located to the lower part the cinema if you look at the
figure is used as the office of the National Bureau of Investigation(NBI).

Interview
The researcher interviewed District Engineer Jovel G. Mendoza, for some information
about the Public Market, according to District Engineer Medoza the first market was
completed at year 1994, but a tragedy happened that frightened the people of San
Pablo. The market was totally burned. But after that tragedy the government
officials act fast for there is a big lost in the economy if there is no public
market in the city. Until they rapidly plan and build the new San Pablo city public
market with San Pablo Shopping Mall at year 1995 and finished at 1996. It has a lot
area of 34,000 square meters according to Engr. Mendoza and its land cost is more
or less 400,000,000.
During the interview, the researcher found out that public market is located at the
central business district of San Pablo Laguna, and many businessman and travelers
were entering the San Pablo, Laguna not only because of business but also of its
tourist spots one of those is the Sampalok Lake located just 1.1 kilometers away
from the site.
Then the interviewer asked why there are many vendors selling their products
outside? Were they allowed by the government? Definitely no he said. Then also the
interviewer asked if the Public Market does have already green and sustainable
design, then he said that there is a ongoing solid waste treatment facility but it
is not enough do you think? the interviewer asked again. Until there is no
discipline of the people especially the market vendors, any solution will not work
he said.
Last, the researcher asked if the public market will be redeveloped, who will
finance the development and he answered that it is the Local Government
Units(LGU�s) and he chooses to have a modern type of building in his opinion.
Another interview was conducted inside the office of the public market the
researcher wanted to interview Mr. Nelson Cacao who is the supervisor of the San
Pablo public market and San Pablo shopping mall, but the researcher was not able to
meet Mr. Cacao because he was absent for he is sick so the secretary of Mr. Cacao
named Pierre Seth Dela Cruz stepped in to be the interviewee. First the researcher
asked about on how they operate the public market and what time that the market
operates he said that as you see the structure it is newly painted, the utilities
were okay, that shows that we operate the market very well he said and the time
that the market operates is not the same as the shopping mall operates, according
to him the public market operates at 3:00am to 7:00pm but the stalls in the
shopping mall at the second floor operates at 7:00am-9:00 pm there is also a night
market every day that opens at 4:00pm to 10:00 pm. At the time that there is no
people or vendors in the public market, how can you assure the security in inside
and for the stall owners? the interviewer asked, and he said that it is strictly
prohibited to let a tenant to sleep inside the mall to guard their products and
goods, so their way of security is the had security guards that circulating inside
the market. He added that the security also helps not only in guarding but also for
assistance, they have a front desk located at the lobby, if they have been deceived
by the vendors, the security guards will assist them going to the office of DTI
there is a satellite office of DTI inside where they can complain.
At your estimate, what is the number of people visit the market every day asked by
the researcher and he said more or less 5000 people were entering the market ask
why he said, because the their stall owners were in one thousand plus their
helpers.
The researcher asked on the problems that they experienced inside the public market
and if the facilities were needed to improved more and he answered, one of the
problems is maintenance for the building, also the effects of calamities to the
building and sanitation problems mostly on garbage disposal and there are some
facilities or parts of the building which is destroyed mostly by the calamity one
of those he said is the ceiling of the public market, and the facilities like
toilets were neglected. But then Mayor Amben build a rehabilitation task force
which aims to arrange the operations more and arrange the system orders, they also
do benchmarking to Balanga, Bataan he said, to study on how the bataan have come up
to have that system that they have produce pleasant and clean environment in the
public market, but then he added that it will be worthless if there are no
disciplines acted by the market users. Additionally, the problem about traffic
since it is located at the central business district the flow of the people and
vehicles were mostly going to public market which is the main reason why there is a
congestion outside the public market then the researcher take the advantage to
asked why do they allowed night market to build their stall outside, then he said
that at afternoon there is no traffic so it is okay. He also addressed the problems
in water system, that there are spaces inside the public market that lacks with
water he said that there are proposal coming to them to provide a deep well so the
they can meet the need in case of scarcity.
Since there is a history of fire in this market is it safe now asked the researcher
and he said, definitely yes because it is permitted by the fire department and the
building has a fire exit at weight dropping stairs that can help the market people
to evacuate.
Before the researcher interview Mr. Dela Cruz, the researcher roams until he
noticed that that third floor of the shopping mall is not operational or used by
any tenants, so the researcher asked why, then Mr. Dela Cruz sadly said that
because of lack of discipline, the clean cinema in third floor were equipped by
dirt and destroyed, then the researcher asked if they have a plan about the use of
the third floor, then he said that because the main objective of the san Pablo
public market is to make the market operational and productive they are planning on
what they can do to the third floor.
The researcher also asked what are the facilities that they think, it is really
needed by the public market, first of all he said is disposal facilities or bins
because every vendor have their own bins and not every day the garbage truck visits
so the trash was stocked so there is a need of one space where to dispose and
segregate the waste temporarily. Second is the provision of cctv cameras per
section which can help monitoring the security inside whole public market. Then the
researcher also asked about if they have solid waste treatment facilities, and his
answer is only the garbage disposal. Does the public market has a generator? Asked
by the interviewer and Mr. Dela Cruz said that there is no generator since the
supply of electricity by the Meralco is not lacking.
He said that it is written in the market code of San Pablo, Laguna the zoning of
the spaces of products and goods being sold inside the market
The researcher also interviewed Architect and Environmental Planner Rosette M.
Santos who do consulted sewer of different green building in the Philippines, the
researcher asked about on how to practice green architecture and on how to apply
green strategies to come up with a green building system which the main focus in
the researcher�s study.
According to Architect Santos we advocate green building for it is really needed
because we are actually in the midst of climate crisis and the destruction within
the environment is getting bigger, the temperature is getting worst, the provision
of electricity and water are lacking which were the causes why people gets ill, and
for worst scenario people dies.
Then the researcher asked about the principles in applying green strategies,
according to Architect Santos in designing a public market when you apply the
principles of green building it doesn�t matter what building it is, for the
principles are always the same, so there is no problem on applying green strategies
on any building and redeveloping a market into a green building because any
building types can be design green. When you said green, first it saves on energy,
it saves on water, it is sensitive to the environment, and lastly it gives an
environmental quality so that the occupants of the buildings are not getting sick
Architect Santos added.
Putting green spaces inside the public market, or the public market itself could be
the green space or maybe integrate the market by planting herbs inside and freshly
sell it to the consumers. Will it not just be a wasted space? Landscaping is never
a wasted space because it provides you with oxygen, it provides you healthy living
Architect Santos said.
Architect said that the researcher must also consider the sanitation in designing
the market for it is under the coverage of green building system and it is common
sense for the proposal is a �public market� which is always the main problem is the
sanitation. The factors to consider firstly the wastewater goes to the bodies of
water which affect the fishes that we eat and sell in the public market, so it
actually affects food security, she also added that the way of discharging the
waste water is a different component of green building. Second, to lessen the foul
smell in the market proper segregation of waste must be consider by providing waste
bins, the collected waste or excess waste should not go to the drainage, excess
waste like fish fins, vegetable waste can be used as fertilizer to the landscape
that the researcher provides and for other waste it will be easy to dispose. Third,
there are trees that can help lessen the volatile organic compounds, Architect
Santos said that there is a study of an Indian about indoor plants, and there is a
study about the trees that lessen different smells like, carbon monoxide, voc, etc.
as she remembers the name of the plant it is mother in law�s tongue which are
available in the Philippines.
The researcher also asked about the building cost of a green building if it more
expensive to construct. Architect Santos said that, that is a misconception when
you think that all green buildings are expensive she said that it depends on how
you design it, the building can be expensive for example by providing solar panels
that will be expensive a lot but she added, there is a return in the long run.
Then lastly, the researcher asked if there is any building code restrictions on the
use of green materials, according to Architect Santos, there is but as far as using
materials is concern the green building code only restricts to use materials that
is poisonous or contains volatile organic compound.
After the interview was conducted, Architect Santos advise some green strategies to
be used at the proposal of the researcher. First on the in energy, do passive
cooling, use white roof, provide insulations, allow natural daylighting, make it
bright. Second for water, use rainwater collector, which can use in cleaning the
pavement of the public market, provide water treatment facility, use low voc
materials, use rapidly renewal materials, material that are regionally sourced,
materials with recycled content like cement with fly ash, recycled steel, and for
indoor environmental quality provide ventilation, and do not forget to use indoor
plants.
Interview Analysis
While the interview is conducted, there are questions that were constructed in the
head of the researcher, which he asked to have a clear point of view on the answers
of the interviewee.
As the question to Mr. Dela Cruz about on, how they can assure security inside,
mostly for the stalls? the answer of Mr. Dela Cruz is very inconvenient nowadays
for the researcher, for it is not only by good or best security guards you can
assure the security of the entire building but by planning it with proper zoning
and providing IT facility which will monitor the whole operation not only inside
and outside the public market.
The researcher also have the background about the problems encountered by the
public market, like the problems about maintenance of the building, traffic
congestion, water scarcity, the unused space or un operated third floor and the
background about the facilities need by the public market, like a specific space
for waste disposal, a generator and many more.
The background on designing a sustainable green building was learned by the
researcher as he interviewed Ar. EnP. Rosette M. Santos, the provision of indoor
landscapes, and the information that there are trees or plants that absorbs
volatile organic compounds which can help in the study of the researcher on
decreasing the unpleasant smell in the public market. Also to know some effective
green strategies will help the researcher to have standards on how to design a
green building by these the researcher was motivated to search for more green
design strategies which will help in the whole development of the San Pablo public
market and San Pablo shopping mall.

Survey and Analysis

Figure 11. Gender of the respondents.

These are the respondents from Public Market, the data affirms that most of the
market vendor users were female, In a way, women may be more productive than men
because they are doing the same work at less the rate of pay (Petersen, Snartland,
& Milgrom, 2006), therefore it means that there is a high chance to make the public
market/ shopping mall more productive in terms of economic productivity.
Additionally, the facilities must designed where both male and female will be more
productive.
The researcher must provided more toilet facilities for female and more other
facilities for female that uses the same gender. Also it must consider the safety
of the tenants especially the scenario of being raped, robbed, hold up, for mostly
female cannot defend themselves against the unwanted and accidents that can happen
inside the public market. The provision of good security will help on achieving a
secured environment for the tenants and consumers.

Figure 12. Type of work of the respondents in the existing structure.

This survey is about the types of works inside the public market, the importance of
this survey is to easily identify and provide in the study about on what are the
spaces needed and what are the number of each spaces should provide by the
researcher for the tenants, and should the researcher provide additional spaces
that are not available inside the public market? Or just retain the spaces provided
in the survey? To also know how many square meters to provide in each stalls or
spaces, if will it be too big for the user? Will he or she can afford the payment
for the spaces. Mostly by this survey the researcher got the data about the number
of spaces to provide in each section, for example how many spaces meat vendors will
the researcher will going to provide and will it be enough for all the existing
tenants.
Also to know what design should the designer should provide for each tenants, will
it use faucet for provision of water?, will a sink will be provide?, does it need
cabinets for storage and many more.

Figure 13. Number of years do the tenants work inside the public market and
shopping mall.
This question was added to the survey for a purpose to know how many people are
really in need of work, in the count above 5 years of working in public market are
mostly the percentage are really in need of source of income, also to estimate the
number of tenants that last for years, so the spaces or stall to provide by the
designer that will last also for years. Will it be permanent, or does it need to
be constructed by the tenant itself.
By counting the number of years do a tenant worked inside the public market will
determine what work and spaces that will be dominant inside to provide better
economy inside the market for the more number of years working the more income the
market itself receives that will help the market in sustaining itself by the
payments of the tenants and that is when sustainable development occurs.

Figure 14. The respond of the tenants about the indoor environment of the public
market and shopping mall.
This survey question will answer the difficulty of not only the tenants but also
for the consumers that they are experiencing at the indoor environment of the
public market and also to know the side of consumer if he or she really loves to
work in that kind of environment or its just because of income that he or she still
stays to work inside, even though it is not an architectural case knowing if he or
she want to work or not, it do still have connection in providing an income to the
public market and the economy itself for working with a good environmental quality
will make the workers more productive.
Determining the environmental quality of the public market is the key to know what
and how many green strategies to provide to achieve a better environmental quality
and to come up into green building design.

Figure 15. Results of the survey, if each sections or stalls were zoned properly.
Zoning is a regulatory mechanism by which the designer divides the entire space,
into separate locations with different uses within each needed location. Simply
stated, zoning determines what can and cannot be built, and what activities can and
cannot take place on the section. Zoning each section properly will help the
planner to come up to a better design, by these the planner will know where to best
locate each spaces or businesses and find an ease in designing the public market,
it will also help the tenants to sell their products better so there will no one
for them feel to be aggrieved by same vendors, equality will be accomplished and
also the consumers to find an ease in finding the places where they want to go for
there will be a guide for them. Additionally providing signs and names in each
section falls under the zoning regulations which will be suitable for the consumers
for not being misguided.
Moreover, proper zoning to each section will help to minimize the spreading air
pollutants and foul odors to the entire structure.

Figure 16. The security and safety of the market and shopping mall users.
Even though in this figure the scenario of not being robbed wins, the fact that
there is still a percentage that there are stalls that were robbed will be still a
threat to productivity of the public market because if an individual feels unsafe
he or she will decide to go to other place which is safe and secured. Security
addresses the necessities and potential risks involved in a certain scenario or
environment. It also specifies when and where to apply security controls. Since the
proposal is a �public� market the planner must consider the security of its tenants
and also the consumers going to the public market, each individuals must have a the
feeling of being safe and secured for them to enjoy communicating to another
individual and be productive. Providing good security includes better zoning, each
spaces that were mostly being robbed must be placed in a area that will threatened
the robbers to rob, also the design of each stalls matter for if the robber know
that he can get nothing he will not do it anymore, as the researcher remembered an
strategy in providing security for each spaces or stall is by putting a security
alarm when the door is opened.
Figure 17. The mode of transportation of the tenants.
It is important to know the mode of transportation of the vendors, marketers and
shoppers to know the area of parking they will go to occupy and for the planner can
compute the parking spaces easily and on how it will not add to the congestion also
knowing where to locate the parking for the delivery of goods is important factor
for the helpers to find an ease in delivering their products in their stalls. Mode
of transportation is important to know because it facilitates trade, exchange and
travel. Without effective transportation, places are largely isolated from each
other. Effective, affordable transportation also plays a role in letting people
move to new areas. The researcher can also provide terminals or vehicles that can
help the transportation of the individuals who does not own private vehicle to find
an ease in going and leaving the public market which will help adding an income to
the public market itself that is when sustainability happens.

Figure 18. Respond of the tenants about the ease in delivering their goods from
loading area to their respective spaces or stalls.
Finding an ease in delivering the goods will help to save time and energy, which is
sustainable strategy. Most of the collected data says that the market vendors find
an ease for there is a large parking at the basement of the building, but most of
the market vendors who find an ease were working at the ground floor which is the
public market, and most of the stall owners at second floor answered that they do
not find an ease for their stall is located at the second floor and their means of
access to second floor is only stairs and ramp but ramp is located outside and
front of the building which is not suitable to deliver their goods at the front of
the building, there is a elevator at the lobby but it is not working and even it is
working it is not suitable to be used for it is only for the use of the shoppers
and consumers.
Accessibility is providing facilities for them to use to attain an ease in doing
and attaining the activities of each individuals.

Figure 19. Determines what lacks or the needs of the market users so they can work
properly in the market/ shopping mall.
According to the secretary of the public market supervisor that because of their
rehabilitation task force the facilities will be more enhance, but the question is,
are the facilities were enough for the market to be sustainable, so that is the
reason why this survey question is added, because the public market users knows
what are really the needs of the public market, as seen in the statistics that
security is the first need in the public market so there must be a provision of
CCTV cameras to the entire public market, security guards are not enough to attain
a better security for the public market it do need a proven security for its users,
also security against robbers is not only the focus, it also focuses on the
security against unwanted accidents especially fire security, each spaces must be
secured with a fire protection system since the public market has an experience on
fire accident, the market must be designed in a way that fire cannot spread
rapidly and affect the whole market operation for when it affect the whole public
market the production of its income to economy will be affected and decreased.

Figure 20. Answers of the respondents about their problems they encountered in the
public market/ shopping mall.
This survey question collects the data on what are the problems does the market
vendors were experiencing. This shows the researcher on what he is going to solve
in the existing public market, through architectural, green and sustainable design
of buildings according to the data collected there are many percentage of different
problems that the market vendors were experiencing, the largest percentage falls
under foul smell inside the public market which comply with the proposed
development which is transforming the public market into a green building. The
collected data are the public markets main problem, you cannot say that it is
because of lack of disciplines why these problems are emerging and you cannot do
any ways to cure these problems, if there is no way then why is the Balanga, Bataan
have find ways to solve the problems. For the is no impossible when it comes to
architecture (Collis, 2013).

Figure 21. Respond of the tenants if the market needs to be redevelop.

These are the respondents from Public Market, the data affirms that most of the
market vendor users think that the public market is in need to be redeveloped
because of its existing condition. It only needs not to be redeveloped by its
exterior nor interior form, but to its entire system, it do really need
rehabilitation and construction of green spaces since its surrounding are mostly
residential and you cannot see any green spaces surrounding the public market so if
the proposal was done, the Green market will be a big source of income, for
tourist, not only tourist but also everyone loves to see green spaces, so it will
be a landmark of San Pablo Laguna wherein tourist will be excite to visit it and
flourish the business of the San Pablo, Laguna which is one of the objective in the
proposal, and to attract tourist which is the vision of San Pablo, Laguna
government officials.

Figure 22. Respond of the tenants if they are willing to transfer to other place if
the public market/shopping mall will be redeveloped.
According to a specific code in the Philippines, the redevelopment of a market is
not allowable until you find a place to relocate its existing tenants, that is why
the researcher come up to a survey if they are willing to be transferred if the
market will be redeveloped, most of the answered that were collected is probably,
that logically specifies that the public market really needs a redevelopment for if
it is in good condition the public market users will answer probably not. This
information will also make an ease for the researcher to proposed the development
for the percentage of the willing are much more larger, and the only problem is the
site on where they must be located when the construction of the Green Market
started.

Table 1
Review of Related Literature
Literature: Book / Journal / E-Journal / Case Study, etc. Author(s) and Year
Published Objectives, Methods or Treatments, Principal Results or Findings of the
Study / Abstract or Conclusion of the Literature Discussion (Comparison to
this study, similarities, differences, etc.)
WHOLE BUILDING DESIGN GUIDE (WBDG) WBDG Committee (2010) The building
construction and its operation have direct and indirect impacts on the environment.
Buildings use resources such as energy, water and raw materials, general waste emit
potentially harmful atmospheric emissions. Building owners, designers and builders
face a unique challenge to meet demands for new and renovated facilities that are
accessible, secure, healthy and productive while minimizing their impact on the
environment. By considering the current economic challenges, retrofitting an
existing building can be more cost effective than building a new facility. This
study has a similarity in designing major renovations and retrofits for the
existing building to include sustainability initiatives reduces operation costs and
environmental impacts and can increase building resiliency.
Design of a Two Storey Reinforced Concrete Public Market Dela Cruz, Ralph Joed,
Malolos, Harvey, and Tamayo, Erica Mae (2013) A waste water treatment system has
a huge benefits, the water will be free from toxic materials and pollutants.
Besides not causing harm to the environment, it also prevents the occurrence of
diseases that can get in water, which is dangerous to the health of the people.
They also utilize rainwater; according to the study it has estimated collection of
5904.63 cu. m of rainwater per year which will be used in flushing toilets and aid
in the irrigating vegetation. Moreover, the project will solve the problem of heat
island effect on the site. Heat island effect is a phenomenon wherein there is a
thermal gradient difference between the developed and undeveloped areas. To solve
the problem of heat island effect majority of the market structure will be painted
white; and maximum possible vegetation will be installed on the roof deck and the
surrounding area. This study helps on how to strategize the use of waste water and
rain water for sustainability of the project and how to help lessen the heat island
effect for a better and fresh environment.
The researcher will adapt the strategy being discusses to achieve a green
environment at the green market.
From Green Buildings to Green Neighborhoods Bert Gregory (2011) Innovations
are happening around the country to promote walkability, and compact, complete, and
connected mixed-use districts that are linked to mass transit.
When the green building movement was introduced, the thinking was focused around
reducing the environmental footprint (energy, water, or materials) of an individual
structure and minimizing toxins that would harm the human health. The design
strategies centered around the building as an individual object. Considerations of
off-site issues were certainly integrated into the thinking, but in fact, social,
economic, location, and transportation implications were often forgotten. That
movement transformed design of the buildings and improve environmental performance
and also being a well human being. This has become a standard in the industry and
is moving increasingly to becoming a code requirement. However, we must look beyond
individual buildings to reach much latger societal goals while optimizing human
well-being, costs, and resources.
Moving beyond the building scale to create efficient, walkable, mixed-use districts
linked by low-carbon mass transportation is fundamental. A district, campus, or
neighborhood is also an important unit of identity and community. Broader civic
goals around economic development, public health, and knowledge can be inspire at
this scale.
One of the issues and trends that get the attention of every individual is
sustainability. The methods of construction were affected due to climate change.
Architects and engineers conceptualized better construction techniques and
methodologies. In this case, public markets are also encouraged to design
sustainably. This would allow public market to have sort of freshness and healthy
environment.
The public market in city of San Pablo Laguna, is lack of this concept. That is why
common problems on sanitation, ventilation and circulation exist in the public
market. To eliminate these common problems one answer is the sustainability
concept. This would help not only human well - being but also on costs and
preservation of natural resources.
Estimating the Economic Impact of Public Market Econsult Corporation (2007) Public
markets are unique economic and social institutions which are increasingly being
viewed as tools to achieve a wide variety of goals. These goals are improving
social interaction in urban neighborhoods, increasing social cohesion, providing
employment opportunities to local communities, creating entrepreneurial environment
to increase small business formation, and enhancing community economic development.
Being economically sustainable will earn the benefits being discussed but
this often requires some form of external financial support. According to Econsult
Corporation the key issue in obtaining public and other funding for public markets
is whether the markets can demonstrate that they deliver economic benefits to the
community.
The goal of this analysis is to examine only one of the potential benefits of
public markets�their direct and indirect impacts on local economic activity. The
researcher finds out that the San Pablo Public Market has potential to become the
main source of income at the city of San Pablo, Laguna.

Urban Design &Strategic City Market Redevelopment Planning Kinzelman Kline Gossman
(2009) Frequently public markets lose money and have to be supported by the
local tax payers. This is why cities are developing new and innovative ways to help
public markets to become self-sustaining.
A flourishing public market needs first to have a good retail location. While
having other supporting retailers around the market is ideal, the key issue for
markets is to have good residential neighborhoods nearby. The market can often
generate spin-off retailers but they cannot attract regular shoppers from a far
distance. Most successful markets also have an outdoor component that invites and
attracts the customers in to shop for more. This enhances the street life around
the market and creates the retail excitement that consumers love about good
markets.
Planned leasing and position of vendors is very important to making a market
successful. The location and strength of the fresh food offering will signal to
shoppers whether this place is truly a market or just a publicly supported food
court or flea market. That is not to say that markets have to be all fresh food.
Some markets will depend on prepared food vendors to add variety to the market
especially in ethnic foods and help financially by paying higher rents than fresh
food vendors. Other issues such as the placement of anchor tenants e.g. small
grocery stores, meat vendors, support areas e.g. seating, make the layout of
markets particularly difficult.
According to Gossman, the management of public markets is very challenging because
of the conflicting goals for the market as well as the fact that the customer is
often very vocal in how the market is managed, how the way it looks, and the
environment inside. Additionally,
probably the most important issues to address in planning the success of a market
is to ensure the financial sustainability.
As mention in the study the key issue for a successful public market is to have a
good retail location which is the location wherein residential neighborhoods were
closed by which is similar to the site chosen by the researcher.
As Gossman mentioned successful retail shopping malls are made up of several
anchoring tenants, retailers, restaurants or entertainment destinations which
attract consumers in search of a vibrant environment with quality products from
which to choose. This allows the retailers to play off of each other from a
marketing and product offering perspective. Consumers know they will find what they
are looking for while discovering even more and consequently will frequent these
places often.
The San Pablo City Public Market is also a retail shopping mall so it can learn
valuable lessons from the way shopping center managers and marketing professionals
promote their properties and position tenants in the best locations to be
successful. This starts with the Market itself, expands to the re-development of
the wings and hopefully bridges to the adjacent properties around the Market to
build the area into a successful urban retail district.

MANDALUYONG CITY, PHILIPPINES Case Study

Special Unit for South-South cooperation (n.d) The first purpose of the
partnership was to replace the lost public market space. The fire displaced about
500 vendors, who could not be left on the sidewalks indefinitely because of the
resulting traffic congestion and sanitation problems in
an already-crowded metropolitan area.
For the livelihood of the vendors and convenience of their customers, the market
was considered a key component of the local economy and accordingly had to be
replaced.
A second objective was to minimize the operational costs of the market, to give the
low-income population with a practical and economically suitable location for
their shopping. The city government did not want to lose vendors as a result of
higher stall fees nor did it want low-income customers to face the resulting higher
prices, forcing them to shop elsewhere. Generally, the reconstruction of the public
market in Mandaluyong City was a success. By utilizing two PPP schemes, the
government received a state-of-the-art public market at minimum public costs and
saw the value of the market�s land more than double. It also gained about 10
million
Pesos to 20 million pesos in annual business and entertainment taxes.
Same as the study of the researcher the tenants of the public market needs to be
displaced, and could not allowed just to sell their products within the for it will
resulting traffic congestion and sanitation problems which is not green.
The second objective in the related study it to provide the market vendors to
minimum operational cost which they can afford for it does not want to lose its
vendors, which will be a similarity to the proposal of the researcher that aims for
an equilibrium within the economy.

Table 2
Benchmarked Projects
Benchmarked Project Actual Building Perspective Details of the Benchmarked
Project Comparison to the Project
Balanga Bataan, City Public Market

Figure 23. Facade of Balanga, Bataan, City public market Retrieved from :
ph.geoview.info/
balanga_public

Retrieved from:
https://7107tables.wordpress.com/2016/04/30/bataan-public-market/
� Architects: Ar. Tony Reyes
� Location: Gen. Capinpin St, Balanga, Bataan
� Project Year: 2012
� Type: City Public Market
� Lenght: 0.44 kilometers
� Land Use: Retail
� Operated by: Public Market Supervisor. The researcher was inspired how it
is became one of the cleanest public market in the Philippines, even though the
architectural character of it is not that good, but it is about the way on how the
tenants or vendors became united to have a clean environment, maybe there is an
architectural solution to make an environment like the Balanga, Bataan have.
Calapan City Public Market

Figure 24. Calapan City public market perspective view

 www.wowmindoro.com/towns-and-cities/oriental-mindoro/calapan-city/calapan-
citys-new-modern-public-market/
� Architects: Jensen, Prairie School Architects Schmidt, Garden and Martin
� Location: Aurora blvd. in Calapan city
� Construction date: 2008-2010
� Area: 9000 square meters
� Building type: Low-rise Building
� Main usage: Shopping Center

Calapan Market is the award winning and most modern public market not only in
Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon, Palawan (MIMAROPA) region but also to the whole
country. It is located in the commercial area of Aurora blvd. in Calapan city. The
market design and its facilities are their initial offering to attract and gain
more consumers. The 9,000-square meter modern facility was built to spur economic
growth and uplift the lives of the people. It is equipped with an elevator and an
escalator, and houses stalls for dry goods and wet section.
The structure has a passenger jeepney terminal, ample parking space and built-in
piped music. It is related to the project being developed for it aims to uplift the
lives of people also to be a well-equipped public market.

Urban Market, Tianjin, China

Figure 25. Tianjin, China urban market section

Figure 26. Tianjin, China urban market aerial view

Retrieved from:
www.archdaily.com

� Architect: Kohn Pedersen Fox

� Project team: Benjamin Albury, Bernard Chang, Hanna Chang, Shang Chen, Shih-I
Chou, Sandra Choy, Thomas Coldefy, Javier Galindo, Onur Gun, James Jenkins, Heejin
Kim, Yoojung Kim, Marianne Kwok, Fanny Lee, Terri Lee, Bonnie Leung, Ming Leung,
Luis Llull, Manon Pare, SaeRa Park, Charles Portelli, Jose Sanchez, Samuel Schmitz,
James Siow, Kristin Speth, Scott Springer, Kyle Steinfeld, Zhe Wang,
� Client: Hang Lung Properties
� Completion: 2014
� Size: 1.6 million GSF / 153,000 GSM
� Awards: AIA New York City Chapter Design Award (2010), MIPIM Architectural
Review Future Projects Award (2007) Hydraulics consultant: CMRP Pty Ltd
� Associated Firms: ADI Landscape, landscape; ALT Cladding & Design
Philippines, Exterior Wall; ARUP, structural; BPI, lighting; Rider Levett Bucknall,
quantity surveyor; MVA Hong Kong, traffic; P&T International, Project Architect;
Benoy, retail consultant; Parsons Brinckerhoff, MEP; TACE, local design institute.
The project, entitled Urban Market, is for Tianjin, China. Just like the
other winning projects, the design was chosen for its design quality, program
resolution, innovation, thoughtfulness and technique. The urban center is a way to
reinvigorate the river banks through new uses, such as cultural institutions. The
hope it that the center will grow to establish a new identity for the city that
links its culture to its historic place of commerce.
Clad in transparent materials, the building allows the interior program to engage
the surrounding streets. The structure curves dramatically upward from the
riverside and converges with the opposing six story south facade.
The building�s form engages the disconnected edges of the site and unites them
within a single carapace. Two major interior boulevards allow pedestrians to flow
from the east to west side of the site, and gather at a large central plaza. This
porous circulation allows passersby to filter through the building at different
entry points.
The researcher was inspired to the building which really attained the green
building concept, the researcher will study more about this study to make a better
environment to the proposal as same as the project.
Garak Wholesale Market, Seoul City

Figure 27. Seoul city, Garak wholesale market aerial view

Retrieved from:
www.archdaily.com
� Architect: Samoo Architects & Engineers
� Location: Yangjae-daero, Songpa-gu, Seoul
� Completion: 2018
� Construction Budget: $14.4 million CAD
� Project Area: 54 hectares
� Visitors: 130,000 customers visit on average days and 42,000 vehicles pass
through its gates.

Green roof design for Seoul covers a massive 131 acres. The project gives an
�eco-upgrade� to the run-down Garak Wholesale Market by inserting an extensive
public garden into the newly restored commercial center. The roof becomes a large
public park that �mitigates rainwater runoff, insulates the interior spaces, and
infuses Seoul�s city center with a breath of fresh air.� The design also includes
three market pavilions which contain �eco-tubes�, channels that slice through the
entire structure allowing daylight and ventilation to reach lower level.

Deira Market, Deira City

Figure 28. Deira city, Deira market normal perspective
Retrieved from:
www.archdaily.com

� Architects: Nakheel
� Location: City Center Deira, Dubai.

� Leasable Area: 200, 000 leaseable space

� Project Year: 2014
� Area: 620,000-square-meter.

Deira Market is one of the leading public markets in the emirate of Dubai. It is
located in the city center of Deira on Al Khaleej Road near the Deira Corniche
close to the Shindagha Tunnel. The public market boasts its premier wet section
which includes varieties of seafood that is caught as far away as Spain and Taiwan
and neighboring country of Oman where selling starts at five in the morning.
Historically, it is a temporary market built in 1988 to bear the demolished public
market before. It is one of the commercial establishments that contribute to the
development of city of Deira today. The market aside from locals also caters
hundreds of traders and entrepreneurs from neighboring countries of India, Pakistan
and Bangladesh. Deira Market is divided into dry and wet sections. The dry section
offers a wide range of locally produced fruits and vegetables better than in
supermarkets while the wet section covers the largest area of the public market
which highlights their primary industry, fishing.
The market has the following potential strengths according to observation

Lugo Public Market

Figure 29. Lugo Public Market interior

Retrieved from:
www.archdaily.com
� Architects: OLAestudio, MERCASA
� Location: Lugo, Spain
� Area: 1655.0 m2
� Project Year: 2016
� Manufacturers: SEIRE, BESTEIRO, Cortizo
� Photographs: H�ctor Santos Diez
Reformed in the 90s, they face the work from two basic ideas: eliminate everything
added in the interior and open the square to the outside, make the building more
transparent.
The space had been filled with elements that avoided the visibility of many of the
shops. The upper floor opens onto the ground floor. The central space is cleared. A
balustrade-bench gives unity to the whole. Color is always present in our work. The
whole original structure is treated with fresh colors, combinations of white, green
and alternating golden generate the atmosphere. A place of supplies is, in short,
an envelope to protect the merchants.
The market opens to the outside. A stone plaza is projected prior to access to the
ground floor. The facade opens. This recessed space allows the access ladder to fly
over it. Until this moment the building was surrounded by vehicles. Public space is
gained. The building is projected outside.
The cover is treated with colored gravel. A gesture of respect to the neighbors.

Table 3.
Theoretical urban market population catchments
Population Served Minimum distance apart (kms.)
City centre/main covered market 300,000 16.0
District shopping centre/covered market 50,000 6.5
Neighborhood shopping centre/open market 10,000 2.9
Group of shops/street market 4,000 1.8
Corner groceries/street barrows 1,000 0.8
Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X6996E
The main purpose of this analysis of existing types of commercial facilities is to
change the market patterns from one which is random to a distribution of markets
which is more stable in economy.

Table 4.
Types of Stalls
Type of stall No. % total
Fruit and vegetables 7 3.2
Vegetables only 9 4.1
Fruit only 10 4.5
Dried fruit 1 0.4
Flowers and plants 5 2.3
Dried flowers 1 0.4
Fresh meat 1 0.4
Fresh fish 1 0.4
Dry and canned goods 3 1.4
Cooked food 2 0.9
Other (primarily clothing) 181 82.0
Total stalls 221 100.0
Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X6996E
According to this survey results, a common approach to market surveys is simply to
count the stalls visually and to record the activities being undertaken.

Table 5.
Zanzibar Central Market: Daily vehicle movement
Type of vehicle Number bringing produce % Total Number taking produce %
Total
Not Specified 11 2.5 12 2.7
Bus/shamba lorry 297 67.3 5 1.1
Lorry 12 2.7 15 3.3
Mid-Size Trucks 14 3.2 - 0
Pickup/dalla-dalla 107 24.3 408 90.7
Total 441 100.0 450 100.0
Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X6996E
The results of a typical survey of vehicle flows are shown in Table, which
indicates the movement of vehicles carrying goods into and out of the Zanzibar
central market over a week in November 1993. The table shows that the greater part
of the goods coming into the market is transported on buses, with over 90 per cent
of the produce arriving in the market from country areas. The majority of the
produce leaving the market is carried on pick-ups over suburban routes. The larger
lots transported into the market over longer routes are thus broken down into
smaller amounts for distribution around the suburban markets. The average lot size
arriving is 675 kilograms and departing only 212 kilograms (Renovation of Zanzibar
Stone Town Market, 1994).

Table 6.
Comparative features of generic markets layout

Layout principle Characteristics

Street markets:
1. development process simplest type of market to develop in both urban and
ruralareas as it makes use of existing infrastructure
Iow level of investment
2. access/circulation potential traffic management problems. Easiest to manage
with dedicated pedestrian street or with stalls arranged
along a single side of the street.
most disruptive if located on cross roads
generally good access for public transport
3. use as public spaces close integration into the fabric and functions of a town
or
village
4. site organization cannot be easily managed as a separate facility
storage and security are usually problems
not appropriate for use as rural assembly markets or urban
wholesale markets
zoning of uses has to be included in licensing arrangements
5. other features Market squares: integration with mobile outlets easy
unable to operate effectively in bad weather
easy to relocate facility to another site

1. development process requires a dedicated public square to be available

more typical of urban areas and large villages
transition to permanent facilities possible
2. access/circulation delivery access from roads bounding square easy
separate parking area required near exit of square or on
adjacent sites
3. use as public spaces forms a natural focus to urban areas
 other urban functions such as parks and sitting areas can
be integrated into the market layout
multiple use of space possible after market hours
4. site organization small squares - customer circulation on outside
Iarge squares - customer circulation on inside
easier to manage than street markets but security and
storage are still problems
5. other features easier to arrange for the accommodation of temporary users
and for the provision of semi-permanent stalls

Layout principle Characteristics

Open markets:
1. development process special site required
modest investment costs
degree of roof coverage can be phased
mobile facilities can still be accommodated
2. access/circulation possible to arrange special delivery access systems and
dedicated parking areas
3. use as public spaces does not function as a fully integrated urban space
4. site organization full management control usual
some degree of decentralized management possible
specialised market facilities can be easily provided
appropriate for use as rural assembly markets or urban
wholesale markets
5. other features can accommodate temporary users and make provision for
semi-permanent stalls
level of climate control depends on extent of roof coverage
Covered markets:
1. development process special site required
high investment costs, requiring high turnover
suitable only for high density urban areas
difficult to allow for growth and change
2. access/circulation separate dedicated parking areas should be provided
internal delivery to stalls may require special produce
handling facilities
3. use as public spaces does not usually function as a fully integrated urban space
4. site organization completely centrally managed environment
zoning of uses integrated into the design of the building(s)
difficult to accommodate temporary users
5. other features full weather protection
high running costs, particularly for building maintenance
Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X6996E
In this table the advantages and disadvantages of the four main generic types of
market layouts were being summarized. Except for new wholesale markets and covered
markets in central areas, "pure" market layouts are in reality uncommon and most
markets are mixtures of the generic types, i.e. they may contain an open square
with stalls, combined with covered market buildings
Table 7.
Use of color in markets
fruits and vegetables: green, yellow, grey, or orange
fish: blue, turquoise, mauve, or grey-blue
meat and poultry: beige, pink or grey
dairy products: blue, white or beige
Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X6996E
The appearance of the market areas is important because it will depend on this
feature to attract customers. There is a need to choose the colors for they promote
the appeal of the products. In short, paler materials are preferred as they reflect
light, providing brighter surroundings, and suggest hygienic conditions. The use of
color will depend on the type of products being sold and the following colors are
usually adopted.

Table 8.
Environment and social impact
Component/ Function Potential Environmental Implications Socio-Economic
Implications
1. Land No loss of natural habitat or land use conflicts General amenity gain
No additional soil pollution Minimum of further land acquisition No land ownership
conflicts Limited loss of existing property
2. Labour None Benefits to local construction industry Use of local labour not
requiring additional accommodation/amenities
3. Health and Services Improved hydrological and drainage conditions Reduced water
contamination No impact on water table Improvement to sanitation system Public
health benefits and reduction in disease transmission Reduced health hazards
4. Waste Disposal No hazardous wastes No additional quantities Improved solid
waste collection Limited construction waste
5. Construction materials Use of renewable resources Use of local materials
6. Energy supply Marginal increase in resource depletion Marginal increase in
operating market costs
7. Air pollution No change None
8. Noise pollution Marginal improvement None
9.Cultural/historical Conservation gain Parallel socio-economic gain
Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X6996E
Market projects if well designed and formulated should not have any negative effect
(or "impact") on the environment or local population. Environmental and social
issues that might arise with a market development are shown in Table 6. This
example applies to the improvement of a covered meat and fish market and an open
fruit and vegetable retail market in an urban conservation area(Renovation of
Zanzibar Stone Town Market. 1994)

Table 9.
Physical facilities: this information could be tabulated as follows:
Facilities Size or capacity (number and/or m�) Utilization rate (% of capacity
used on an average day)
Market yard (paved area)
Roads and parking
Offices/administration buildings
Traders' sheds or stalls:
fruit and vegetables
grains
meat
fish
poultry
household goods
clothing, etc.
Open sales areas
fruit and vegetables
grains
charcoal
other
Other facilities;
drinking water
weighing scales
moisture meters,
grading equipment
refrigerators
freezers
banana ripening rooms
loading platform
cow shed/holding pens
canteen
latrines
storage areas, etc.
Market area (overall)
Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X6996E
Physical facilities and equipment available for the market operations and the
extent of the utilization of such facilities such as utilization rate in terms of
the capacity or the number of persons utilizing the facilities on an average day
(Food and Administration Office, 1978). The data would include:
a. market area (in square meters) and a map, or at least a simple sketch layout of
the market;
b. details of buildings (structure and floor space in square meters), such as
offices, market sheds, latrines, storage;
c. marketing equipment (size and quantity), such as weighing scales, moisture
meters; and
d. other facilities, such as the provision of drinking water, paved market yard,
animal loading platforms, electricity, telephone, etc.
Table 10.
Market Staff : Number of market staff (full time and part time)
Market staff Number Full time or part time
Manager or market master
Secretary
Accounts clerks
Supervisors
Grading technicians
Commission agents
Weighing men
Toll collectors
Porters Laborers/Cleaners
Other
Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X6996E
In this table it determines the number of staff working and managing the public
market and if they are more likely working full time or part time only.

Table 11.
Time analysis of all vehicles uses the market.
Time of day (in hourly bands) Vehicles bringing produce (daily average): Hourly
Average:
Vehicle entry: Vehicle exit: No. of vehicles % of total
Hourly Cumul. Hourly Cumul.
midnight - 5 am
5- 6am
6- 7am
7- 8am. etc.
Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X6996E
In this analysis it determines the time of deliveries for each section inside a
public market which is same to shopping mall and determines also the number of
vehicles arriving and departing in the public market which help in the study to
determine the number of parking slots for each vehicles and also to prevent traffic
congestion to the site.

Table 12.
Analysis of types of vehicles uses the market
Type of vehicle Number of vehicles (all survey days): Average daily:
Bringing produce Taking produce. Empty vehicles Total vehicles Total
vehicles % total
1. Trucks
2. Lorries
3. Pickups
4. Handcarts
5. Private cars
5. Buses, etc.
Total
Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X6996E
Through this analysis the researcher will able to design the structure and how
large the spaces must be for the parking of different types of vehicles.

Table 13.
Market Maintenance and Repair activities
Section of market Frequency Responsibility
COMMON PARTS: - outside areas
Sweep market common parts before starting operation. Daily Market cleaners
Wash-down slaughter slab (if applicable) Daily Market cleaners
Clean public toilets/latrines Daily Market cleaners
Collect solid waste at end of day Daily Market cleaners
Wash cool store floor, rails and hooks (if applicable) Weekly Market
cleaners
Spray against insects Monthly Market cleaners
Inspect and clean out and de-silt surface water drains Monthly Market
cleaners
Re-paint road and floor markings Annually Contractor
Rod-out closed drains and sewers Annually Contractor
Check electrical supply connections Annually Contractor
Maintain gates and fences in good repair Every 2 to 3 years Contractor
Maintain roads and floors in good repair Every 3 to 5 years Contractor
BUILDINGS
Sweep aisles and entrances before starting operation. Daily Market cleaners
Sweep market stalls before starting operation. Daily Stall holders
Wash stalls in meat and fish sections Daily Stall holders
Remove cobwebs to roof Weekly Market cleaners
Replace light bulbs, fluorescent tubes, etc. When necessary Market cleaners
Clean windows Every 2 to 3 months Contractor
Check electrical fittings and fuses, etc. Annually Contractor
Check fire extinguishers, alarms, etc. Annually Contractor
Repair fixed market stalls Every 2 to 3 years Contractor
Repaint building structure, doors, windows. etc. Every 3 to 5 years
Contractor
Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X6996E
This table shows the frequency of maintaining the site and structure to maintain
its cleanliness, strength, and the functions of each utility and facilities so it
will not be damage nor destroyed.

Conclusion
Creating a successful public market involves much more than creating a successful
commercial enterprise. The social and economic goals of public markets are knotted
in a way unlike those of any other civilized institution. While the two goals are
certainly compatible, there is a balance that must be maintained mostly in the
economy of the public market.
As this report has documented, there are many examples of public markets that have
better economy, good environmental quality and social goals that gives idea to
achieve the wanted proposal. Many public markets struggle for years to find the
right balance of the objectives of this study just like the existing public market
being redeveloped. This report is able to identify the conditions necessary to
achieve and maintain this balance.
Clearly, it is the economic activity itself that make upward mobility available to
individual vendors and their families. As an added benefit, the opportunity is
often at their own scenery or choices and requires little other than a business
minded attitude. In other words, the vendors� success depends on their ability as
merchants to create a profit and depends as well, of course, on the survival of the
market as an overall economic enterprise.
In this regard, a public market is not different from any other private business
enterprise. This says that economic and social benefits are closely related, but it
seems to be clear that the governing factor is the economic one and architectural
factor is on how the public market invites individual. Individual business vendors
cannot expect to help in the economy of the public market for long, they must also
have the opportunity to make it on their own. Good socialization is also related to
economic success in a different way. It depends to a much greater extent on the
market functioning as a successful public space a place where people come not only
to shop, but also to meet others and hang out, and enjoy the overall ambiance and
excitement of the space. The place quality is not necessary for the market to
succeed economically if it can attract customers based on product or price alone
although a sense of place can certainly help attract the necessary customers. A
sense of place is necessary, however, if meaningful social integration is to occur.
It is also, as we have discovered, important for the vendors, creating an informal
support network that helps with the start-up of their businesses.
A sense of place can be achieve by having a good design architecturally, also by
acquiring green and sustainable technologies which is the main environment that an
individual is looking for, designing green building will be the way to connect
different aspects for most of the individual chooses green and sustainable design

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