Subject Index

Acharya, J, 103 list of witnesses, 179-180

Act 45 of 1978, 206 payment of process fees, 182
Act 18 of 1923, 209 process through summons or
Act 26 of 1955, 209 warrant, 181-182
Advoctaes Act 1961, 44 sufficient ground for proceeding,
section 32, 44 182-183
section 33, 44 Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996,
Air (Prevention and Control of 79
Pollution) Act 1981, 66 Banerjee, J, 65
section 43(2), 65 Basant, J, 109
Allahabad Beaumont, J, 136
Allahabad High Court, 9, 22, 28, 84, Bhat, J, 12
103, 106, 181 Bihar, 209
Amendment Act 18 of 1923, 186 Bombay
Amendment Act 26 of 1955, 186 Bombay High Court, 136
Andhra Pradesh, 209, 224 Bose, J, 145
Andhra Pradesh Gram Panchayat Act Calcutta
1965, 127 Calcutta High Court, 147, 211
section 221(a), 127 Cattle Trespass Act 1871, 24
Andhra Pradesh High Court, 6, 91, section 20, 24
145, 155 Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI),
Antiquities and Art Treasures Act 1972, 113
67 Chandigarh, 144
section 25(2), 67 Child Labour (Prohibition and
section 25(3), 67 Regulation) Act 1986, 66
Appearance of Accused, 177 section 16, 66, 68
commitment of a case to court of Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929,
session, 188-190 120
issue of process cannot be recalled, section 9, 120
183-184 Chauhan, J, 87
may appear through his pleader, Code of Civil Procedure (5 of 1908)
185-188 1908, 224
grounds for grant of exemption, Code of Criminal Procedure 1861, 157
186-188 section 66, 157
section 202 applies before Code of Criminal Procedure 1872, 158
appearance of accused, 185-186 section 144, 158
process against, 177-182 Code of Criminal Procedure 1898, 10,
at stage process there must be 11, 100, 106, 142, 148, 166, 189,
determinate accused person, 178- 212
179 section 192, 160
copy of complaint, 180 section 196, 69, 72
copy of documents in support of section 197, 78
complaint, 180-181 section 200, 10, 163
issue of process, 177-178 section 202, 169, 170
235
236 A Handbook on Complaint Case

section 202(1), 170 section 173, 57, 58

section 247, 217 section 173(2), 9, 11, 16, 17, 18,
section 540A, 186 51, 58, 59
section 545, 209, 210 section 173(8), 58, 59, 63
section 546, 212 section 177, 128, 129, 130, 132,
Code of Criminal Procedure 1973, 1, 138, 140, 142, 148, 166
11, 18, 23, 28, 45, 48, 51, 60, 65, section 178, 132, 133
70, 98, 100, section 178(a), 132
106, 114, 116, 117, 119, 120, 126, section 178(b), 133
127, 148, 167, 189, 207, 217 section 178(c), 133
(passim throughout text) section 178(d), 135
section 2 clause (h), 23 section 179, 134, 135, 136, 137,
section 2 clause (r), 24 40, 144, 148, 166
section 2 clause (q), 41 section 180, 138
section 2(c), 29, 51 section 181, 138, 139
section 2(d), 10, 12, 13, 24, 25, 29, section 181(1), 138
178 section 182, 138, 140
section 2(h), 171 section 184, 138
section 2(n), 24 section 184(a), 143
section 2(q), 42, 43 section 186, 60
section 2(r), 51 section 188, 143, 144, 145, 146
section 5, 126 section 188(a), 144
section 24(8), 41 section 188(b), 144
section 61, 164 section 189, 128, 146
section 63, 219 section 190, 6, 14, 17, 21, 29, 41,
section 70(2), 185 45, 46, 47, 68, 93, 147, 148,
section 87, 181 166, 167, 172, 175, 188
section 91, 164 section 190(c), 148
section 98, 26 section 190(1), 7, 16, 17, 20, 45,
section 145, 159 53, 178
section 148, 159 section 190(1)(a), 21, 44, 48, 49, 60
section 154, 3, 8, 22, 29, 30, 57, section 190(1)(b), 20, 21, 22, 44,
58, 59 46, 53, 56, 60, 68, 149, 178
section 154(1), 13 section 190(1)(c), 21, 44, 51, 60,
section 155(1), 9, 13 61, 68, 107
section 155(2), 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, section 192, 5, 6, 150, 160, 168
12, 13, 14, 20, 171 section 195, 5, 6, 16, 17, 18, 20,
section 155(4), 14 21, 45, 79, 94, 96, 97, 99, 100,
section 156, 3, 15, 22, 29, 46, 58, 120
59, 148 section 195(1)(a)(i), 19
section 156(1), 22 section 195(1) (b), 14, 16, 17, 98
section 156(2), 148, 149, 167 section 195(1)(b)(ii), 19, 98
section 156(3), 2, 6, 7, 17, 22, 28, section 196, 69, 70, 71, 72, 75,
48, 49, 52, 70, 150, 178, 180 120
section 157, 58 section 196(1), 70
section 157(1), 13 section 196(1)a, 70
section 161, 196 section 196(3), 22
section 162, 58 section 197, 69, 70, 74, 75, 77, 78,
section 165(1), 91 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87,
section 165(5), 91 88, 89, 90, 91, 120
section 166A, 145 section 197(1), 87
section 169, 57, 58 section 197(4), 93
section 170, 57, 58 section 198, 15, 18, 21, 65, 67,
section 172, 39 102, 103, 104, 120, 141
 Subject Index 237

section 198(1), 103, 104 section 235, 142

section 198(1)(c), 18 section 236, 142
section 198(6), 106 section 239, 142, 175, 198
section 198A, 15, 106, 120 section 240, 175
section 199, 15, 21, 45, 102, 107, section 244, 156, 197
111, 113, 120 section 245, 49, 175, 195, 197
section 199(3), 27 section 246, 198
section 200, 5, 6, 7, 47, 48, 49, section 249, 217, 218
150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, section 250, 213, 227
157, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164, section 251, 191, 197, 198
165, 168, 169, 170, 173, 174, section 252, 198
175, 183, 184, 201, 233 section 256, 54, 173, 215, 216, 217
section 200(a), 151 section 256(2), 113
section 201, 47, 149, 165, 167 section 273, 186
section 201, clause (a), 5 section 274, 164
section 202, 6, 10, 23, 47, 48, 50, section 274(1), 158
62, 153, 154, 155, 156, 159, 168, section 281, 205
169, 170, 171, 173, 174, 183, section 281(1), 158
184 section 296, 161
section 202(1), 10, 22, 23, 24, 114, section 300, 54, 55, 56
154, 155, 158, 169, 170, 171, section 301, 38, 39
172, 173, 178, 179 section 301(2), 38, 40
section 202(2), 154, 157, 158, 231 section 302, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43
section 203, 49, 54, 170, 172, section 302(2), 42
173,174, 175, 176, 183, 184 section 303, 27, 40
section 204, 23, 24, 28, 113, 149, section 304, 40
150, 152, 164, 167, 169, 170, section 305, 218, 219
173, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, section 309, 35, 206
180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 191, section 309(2), 36
198, 201, 219, 231 section 311, 63, 180, 206
section 204(1), 185 section 313, 185, 205
section 204(2), 179, 180 section 317, 186
section 204(3), 5 section 319, 63
section 204(4), 182 section 320, 219, 224, 225. 227
section 205, 185, 186, 187 section 320(8), 226
section 206, 204 section 320(9), 226
section 207, 189 section 323, 189
section 208, 155, 156, 180, 189, section 326, 159, 160
191 section 326(1), 160
section 209, 189 section 340, 16, 17, 96, 97, 98, 99,
section 210, 2, 51, 52, 60, 61, 62, 100
190 section 340(1), 99
section 216, 74 section 340(1)(c), 16
section 216(5), 93 section 341, 100
section 218(1), 32 section 341(2), 99
section 219, 143 section 343(1), 100
section 220, 143 section 357, 33, 34, 207, 208, 209,
section 221, 143 211, 212, 213, 214, 229
section 223, 32, 143 section 357(1), 33
section 225, 37, 38, 40 section 357(3), 33, 213
section 227, 49, 174, 192, 193, section 357(4), 209
195, 198 section 359, 213
section 228, 174, 192 section 397, 122
section 234, 142, 206 section 398, 180, 231
238 A Handbook on Complaint Case

section 406, 131 section 27, 69

section 407, 93, 131 England, 128, 129
section 428, 20, 203 Environment (Protection) Act 1986,
section 462, 147 65, 70
section 465, 94, 162 Essential Commodities Act 1955, 6,
section 467, 119 66, 67
section 468, 114, 116, 120, 127 section 11, 6
section 469, 117, 118 Extradition Act 1962, 131
section 470, 117 Fatal Accidents Act 1855 (13 of
section 471, 117 1855), 208, 209, 210
section 473, 5, 115, 116, 117, 119, First Information Report (FIR), 8, 13,
125, 126 16, 18, 30, 57, 58, 59, 60, 122,
section 479, 16 130, 196
section 482, 35, 59, 60, 122, 226 From Complaint to Cognizance of
section 494, 104 Offence, 1
section 497, 102, 102, 104 basis of complaint is an offence, 24-
section 498, 102, 104 26
section 531, 147 cognizance, 44-64
Code of Criminal Procedure (Act 2 of cognizance of offence otherwise
1974), 209 than on complaint or police
section 357, 209 report, 63-64
Code of Criminal Procedure meaning of, 45-46
(Amendment) Act 1991, 76 mode of, 49-53
Companies Act reasons for taking cognizance not
section 159, 124 mandatory, 46-49
section 617, 80 successive, 53-62
Constitution of India complaint by more than one person,
Article 12, 81 36-37
Article 19, 58 conduct of prosecution, 37-44
Article 21, 58 advocate engaged by private party
Article 136, 203 to assist public prosecutor, 38-39
Article 226, 59, 203 permission to conduct prosecution,
Article 227, 59, 203 39-44
Article 356, 75, 84 prosecution by public prosecutor in
clause (1), 75, 76 sessions court, 37-38
clause (b), 75 definition of complaint, 4-5
Courtney Terrel C. J, 50, 51 delay in filing complaint, 26-27
Criminal Justice Act of 1925, 128, distinction between complaint and
129 police report, 1-2
Customs Act 1962, 66, 68 form of complaint, 27-32
section 132, 66 accused need not be named, 29-30
section 133, 66 joinder of causes in complaint, 31-
section 135, 66 32
section 135A, 66 investigation into non-cognizable case,
Das Gupta, J, 48 8-10
Delhi, 130, 182, 195 investigation into non-cognizable case
Delhi High Court, 121, 130, 154, in garb of provisions of explanation
155, 182, 198 to section 2(D), 10-13
Delhi Police Act, 90 order of investigation into cognizable
Deshpande, J, 28 case, 22
Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940, 137 police investigation into non-
Dubai, 188 cognizable offence with restrictions
Electricity Act 2003, 66 on its cognizance, 14-21
Emigration Act 1983, 69 preference of legislature, 2-3
 Subject Index 239

subject matter of complaint is an section 405, 123

offence, 3-4 section 406, 123
suit with substantially same issue as section 409, 88, 91, 130
criminal prosecution, 32-36 section 420, 230
who may investigate?, 23-24 section 425, 130
written versus oral complaint, 5-8 section 466, 19, 138
Gajendragadkar, J, 121 section 471, 19, 138
General Clauses Act 1897, 24 section 477A, 196
section 3(38), 24 section 493, 102
Goa, 209 section 494, 18, 21, 101, 102, 103,
Goel, J, 85 105, 140, 141
Gujarat section 495, 101, 102, 103, 105,
Gujarat High Court, 104, 138 140, 141
Haryana Co-operative Societies Act section 496, 102
1984, 83 section 497, 101
section 123, 83 section 498, 101, 102
Himachal Pradesh section 498A, 15, 18, 21, 107, 126,
Himachal Pradesh High Court, 104 133, 134, 136
Income Tax Act 1961, 127 section 499, 112
India, 44, 108, 128, 143, 144, 145 section 500, 136
Indian Evidence Act 1872, 230 section 505, 71
Indian Official Secrets Act 1923, 68 section 505(1), 70
section 3, 68 section 505(2), 71
section 13(3), 69 section 506, 134
Indian Penal Code 1860 (IPC), 6, 70, Indictments Act of 1915, 128
71, 211, 214, 219, 230 Intermediate and Final Stages in
section 19, 77, 78, 79 Inquiry and Trial, 215
section 21, 6, 67, 79, 81, 82, 83 absence of complainant in summons
clause (3), 78 case, 215-217
clause (6), 79 change of representative of company,
section 53, 211 216-17
section 68, 228 death of complainant, 217
section 69, 228 non-appearance, 215-14
section 108A, 70, 71 absence of complainant in warrant
section 120B, 71, 130, 134, 196, case, 217-218
230 being litigant, 229-233
section 120B(2), 72 advocate, 229-230
section 153A, 70, 71 appearance before court, 232-233
section 153B, 71 condonation of delay, 233
section 161 filing complaint, 230
section 186, 6 introduction, 229
section 188, 17, 19, 20 list of witnesses, 231
section 200, 183 number of witnesses for pre-
section 218, 90 summoning evidence, 233
section 294, 90 out of court settlement, 229
section 295A, 71 when you are accused, 231-232
section 302, 58, 196 compounding of an offence, 219-227
section 307, 58 compensation for accusation without
section 323, 134 cause, 227-229
section 326, 58 without reasonable cause, 227-229
section 353, 6 when corporation or registered
section 356, 6 society is accused, 218-219
section 375, 106 Joshi, J, 61
section 376, 102 Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection
240 A Handbook on Complaint Case
of Children) Act 2000, 204
Karnataka, 209
Karnataka High Court, 81, 104, 120,
161
Kerala
Kerala High Court, 12, 36, 37, 100,
104, 115, 144, 145, 184, 214
Kerala Municipalities Act, 127
section 387, 127
Kulkarni, J, 137
Lohore
Lahore High Court, 34
Limitation Act 1963, 115
section 5, 115
Madhusudan Rao, J, 72
Madhya Pradesh, 209, 224
Madhya Pradesh High Court, 92
Madras
Madras High Court, 62, 108, 113,
209
Magistrates’ Courts Act of 1952, 128
Manmohan, J, 116
Mathur, J, 73
Mulla, J, 135
Negotiable Instruments Act 1881, 4,
5, 34, 115, 135, 213, 216, 229, 230
section 138, 4, 34, 115, 135, 161,
213, 216, 230
section 142, clause (a), 5
section 145, 161
Oaths Act 1969, 162
section 4, 162
section 7, 162
Orissa
Orissa High Court, 18
Patna
Patna High Court, 50
Post-cognizance inquiry before
appearance of accused, 150
changes introduced in Code of
Criminal Procedure 1973, 169-170
complaint by private person or
government agency, 150-152
dismissal of complaint under section
203, Code of Criminal Procedure
1973, 172-176
examination of complainant and
witnesses present, 164
examination of complaint and his
witnesses, 150
examination on oath, 160-162
examination to be without delay, 163
examination under section 200 Code
of Criminal Procedure 1973, shall
be signed, 164-165
inquiry, 172
inquiry under section 202 Code of
Criminal Procedure 1973, 170
investigation, 171-172
originality of section 202, Code of
Criminal Procedure 1973, 170
public officials may be exempted
from mandatory examination, 152-
157
reasons for dismissal of complaint,
176
return of complaint, 165-168
section 202, Code of Criminal
Procedure 1973, 168-169
substance of examination, 157-159
transfer of complaint under section
192, 159-160
Prevention of Corruption Act 1988,
83, 196
section 2(c)(viii), 83
section 5(1), clause (d), 196
section 5(2), 196
section 13, 130
Prevention of Food Adulteration Act
1954, 66, 67, 82
Prithvi Raj, J, 61
Probation of Offenders Act 1958 (20
of 1958), 202, 203
Punjab and Haryana High Court, 54,
104
Rajasthan, 209
Rajasthan High Court, 45, 87
Ramaswamy, J, 134, 144
Rangoon, 209
Restriction on Cognizance, 65
introduction, 65
government may appoint specific
court under section 197, Code of
Criminal Procedure 1973, 92-93
limitation for cognizance, 114-127
continuing offence, 122-124
forum to agitate cognizance
beyond limitation, 120-122
grounds of condonation of delay,
125-127
notice to accused before
condoning delay, 124-125
section 468, 114-120
no participation of accused in an
inquiry before issue of process,
113-114
offences in which only complaint
procedure is envisaged, 65-68
 Subject Index
other restrictions, 94-112
cognizance of offence against
marriage investigated with
cognizable offence, 106
complaint of court or public
servant concerned under section
195, 94-100
prosecution for offences against
marriage, 101-106
section 198A, 106-107
section 199, 107-113
sanction under provisions of Code of
Criminal Procedure 1973, 70-92
acting or purporting to act in
discharge of official duty, 86-92
application of mind, 85-86
burden of proof and stage to raise
question of, 83-84
by competent authority, 84
judge and magistrate, 77-79
no hearing before sanction, 84-85
public servant, 79-83
sanction in respect of acts
constituting an offence, 77
section 197, 75
prosecution of judges and public
servants, 75-76
subsequent sanction is of no avail,
93-94
Shelat, J, 133, 138
Shiv Kumar Sharma, 45
Society Registration Act (21 of 1860)
1860, 218
Srivastava, J, 111
Stage of Charge or Notice and
Commencement of Trial, 191
basis of charge, 194
charge in warrant case, 196-197
compensation only at time of final
judgment, 211-212
compensation to victim, 207-211
compensation when an offence has
compulsory fine as sentence, 212-
213
conclusion, 199
. defence of accused, 195
from commencement to termination
of, 205-207
introduction, 191
material with accused or within his
knowledge cannot be considered,
194-195
no evaluation of material on record,
191-194
241
notice in summons case, 197-199
plea bargain, 199-204
plea of an accused, 204-205
plea on charge, 199
reasons for charge, 195-196
suspension of sentence, 207
whether imprisonment in default of
compensation permissible, 213-214
Supreme Court, 8, 13, 15, 18, 19, 21,
26, 27, 34, 35, 36, 41, 42, 48, 49,
51, 52, 53, 54, 57, 59, 77, 81, 82,
83, 86, 88, 91, 92, 94, 97, 98, 115,
116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123,
124, 125, 130, 131, 133, 134, 142,
144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 161,
166, 167, 168, 178, 183, 184, 192,
193, 194, 196, 198, 199, 209, 212,
214, 217
Thomas, J, 104
Uttar Pradesh, 209
Venue of Complaint, 128
consequences of breach of
jurisdictional clauses, 146-149
doubt of an offence partly in one
and partly in another area, 132-133
enlarged venue for specific offences,
138-141
introduction, 128-29
jurisdiction in continuing offence,
133-134
offence committed outside India,
143-146
evidence of offence committed
outside India on commission, 146
jurisdiction where offender found,
145-146
no sanction for investigation, 144-
145
offence during journey or voyage,
141-142
offences triable together, 142-143
ordinary, 129-132
related offences, 138
Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act 1974, 66
section 49(b), 66
West Bengal, 209
Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972, 66
section 55, 66