CHEM

230 Sp18 PREP 1 p 1

50) Hydrogen gas can be synthesized from methane according to the following equation:

2 CH4(g) + O2(g) --> 2 CO(g) + 4 H2(g) This process is run at 3000 K and a pressure of 20 atm.

a) Rank the Z values of O2(g), CO(g) and H2(g)

< <
under these reaction conditions. Write the
molecular formula of one gas in each box. smallest Z largest Z
5

Equal masses of each methane (CH4, M = 16 g/mol) and oxygen (M = 32 g/mol) are mixed in a 1 Liter
rigid container at 3000 K. The pressure reads 20 atm.
6
b) What is the mass of each gas that was added to the container?

mass O2 = g

mass CH4 = g

c) Given the conditions in part b, what is the limiting reagent? 3

(Circle one): CH4 O2 neither is limiting

d) What is the partial pressure of H2(g) at the end of the reaction assuming that the limiting reagent was 3
completely consumed and the reaction was carried out isothermally.

PH2 = atm
3
e) What was the total pressure in the container at the end of the reaction as described in part d.

Ptotal = atm

CHEM 230 Sp18 PREP 1 p 2

54) A U-tube that is open on both ends has a moveable disc in it that can move frictionlessly like a piston
from left to right, but that keeps matter from crossing from one side of the tube to the other. Liquid
water (d= 1.0 g/cm3) is added to one side of the tube. Liquid ethanol (d = 0.798 g/cm3) is added to the
side of the tube. In order to keep the disk from moving, how will the volumes of water and ethanol
compare? a) more water must be added
(Circle one answer) b) more ethanol must be added
c) equal amounts of water and ethanol must be added disc 3


71) For the following questions (a-i), consider the two Scenarios X and Y.

Scenario X
0.5 mol of helium is sealed in a container with
a fixed volume of 6L at an initial pressure of 2
atm. The container of helium is initially at
20oC and is heated to 250oC.
Scenario Y
0.5 mol of helium is sealed in a flexible
container with an initial volume of 6 L and a
pressure of 2atm. The container of helium is
initially at 20oC and is heated to 250oC.

a) What is the sign of work for Scenario X? (Circle one) + - 0 cannot be determined
3

b) What is the sign of work for Scenario Y? (Circle one) + - 0 cannot be determined
3
c) Fill in the box with < , > , = , or X (for cannot be determined)

q for Scenario X q for Scenario Y

3
d) Fill in the box with < , > , = , or X (for cannot be determined)

ΔU for Scenario X ΔU for Scenario Y

3

f) Fill in the box with < , > , = , or X (for cannot be determined)

The density in container X The density in container Y

when it reaches 250oC when it reaches 250oC
3
g) Fill in the box with < , > , = , or X (for cannot be determined)
The collision frequency in container The collision frequency in
X when it reaches 250oC container Y when it reaches
250oC
3

h) Fill in the box with < , > , = , or X (for cannot be determined)

The vrms in container X when it The vrms in container Y when it
reaches 250oC reaches 250oC
3
i) Consider Container Y at 250oC as the initial state. The contents of Container X at 250oC
are
added to Container Y. As as result of the addition of all of the molecules from container X, which of
the following would increase in container Y assuming an isothermal process? (Circle all that apply.
There may be more than one correct answer.)
n T P V d U vrms 6

CHEM 230 Sp18 PREP 1 p 3

72) The van der Waals constants for propane van der Waals a (L2bar/mol2) b (L/mol)
(CH3CH2CH3, M = 44 g/mol) and ethanol propane 877.9 0.08445
(CH3CH2OH, M = 46 g/mol) are given in the table. ethanol 1217.9 0.08407

a) Briefly explain why the van der Waals "a" constant is so much larger for ethanol than propane.

4
b) How can ethanol have a larger molar mass and a smaller "b" constant ? Briefly explain.

c) What is the volume of a single molecule of propane?

4
volume L



88) An experiment measuring the change in volume (in L) of 0.34 moles of a gas in response to a change
in its temperature (in Kelvin) at a constant pressure of 1 atm was carried out. a) On the graph below,
sketch the plot of volume vs. temperature. Charles' Law tells us to expect a linear relationship.
b) What are the slope and the y-intercept of the line on your plot?
Volume (L)

(Fill in the numerical values of the slope and y-intecept of the line,
including units.)

Temperature (K) y = ____________x + __________

9

CHEM 230 Sp18 PREP 1 p 4

78) Hot air balloons float thanks to Archimede's principle: the density of the air inside the balloon is lowered
by heating it so that it becomes less dense than the air outside of the balloon. The volume of the balloon
does not change significantly once it is blown up. Thus the decrease in density is due to gas particles
escaping the balloon.

a) At 20oC, the density of the air inside of the balloon is 1.2041 kg/m3. When the air in the balloon is
heated to 120oC, what is the new density of the air? (Assume that the pressure stays constant.)

8
density at 120oC = kg/m3

b) If a hot air balloon holds 2800 m3 of air, how many moles of air escape from the balloon when it is
heated from 20oC to 120oC while maintaining the same volume and pressure. The molar mass of air
is 28.97 g/mol.

8
n= mol

86) A J-tube works a little bit differently from a manometer. As shown in the picture below, a gas is
sealed in the left hand side of the tube by adding mercury. When equilibrium is reached, the
gas that was sealed in has a volume of 100 mL at 298K. The external pressure remains a constant
760 mm Hg and the temperature remains constant throughout the experiement.
external pressure
a) What is the pressure of the sealed gas? mm Hg
1atm = 760 mm Hg
100 mL
h = 10 mm Hg

More mercury is added to the J-tube and the volume of the gas sealed in on the left becomes 85 mL.

b) What is the new pressure of the gas sealed in on the left? mmHg

CHEM 230 Sp18 PREP 1 p 5

80) Air bags in cars rely on the following reaction to inflate quickly.
2 NaN3(s) --> 2 Na(s) + 3 N2 (g) Δ =îHo = - 43.4 kJ

a) If a 37.0 L air bag must be fully inflated to a pressure of 1.00 atm, how many grams of NaN3 must
be used if the temperature is 25.0oC?

6
NaN3 g

b) If you were studying the decomposition of NaN3 (the chemical reaction shown above), how much
heat would be associated with the decomposition 10.0 grams of NaN3?

6
include sign
q= kJ

c) Building on your work from part b, assume the decomposition of 10.0 g of NaN3 is carried out in an
adiabatic container under constant pressure and all of the heat associated with the decomposition
comes from or goes into the decomposition products. What is the final temperature of the
products, assuming an initial temperature of 25oC?
The heat capacity of solid sodium is 1269.5 J/(kg K) and you may assume that nitrogen acts as an
ideal gas.

16
Tfinal = oC

CHEM 230 Sp18 PREP 1 p 6

96) Natural gas (methane, CH4) is odorless. Sulfur compounds that smell like rotten eggs at very low
concentrations are added to methane so that leaks can be detected by our olfactory senses. Two
"smelly" compounds, dimethylsulfide (CH3)2S (MW = 62.14) and t-butylthiol (CH3)3CSH (MW = 90.19)
are compared. Which has the faster rate of effusion and by how many times is it faster?

a) Circle the compound with the faster rate of effusion: b) How many times faster is it?
(CH3)2S (CH3)3CSH the effusion rates are the same
8

c) If a trace amount of t-butylthiol is added to a natural gas sample, how will the collision frequencies
of the t-butlythiol and the methane compare if collisions with all gas particles are considered?
Circle the compound with the higher collision frequency
(CH3)3CSH CH4 their collision frequencies are the same

d) A very small hole is created in a natural gas line.

The ratio of t-butylthiol to natural gas at your nose (some distance from the pipeline) will be

(Circle one): higher than, lower than, the same as it was originally in the pipeline.


343) a) The compression factor Z for a sample of gaseous ammonia (NH3) at 20oC and 1 atm is
0.887. What is the actual density of this sample?

10
dactual = g/L

b) Considering real interactions, which of the following gases when added to the NH3 system
described in part a would result in the smaller measured volume:
(Circle one): 1 mol of O2 or 1 mole of N2 4

CHEM 230 Sp18 PREP 1 p 7

346) Three flasks filled with gas are connected to a

completely empty tube as shown in the picture to
the right. All of the valves in the system are opened
and the pressure in the system reads 0.675 atm.
Assume that the temperature stays constant. What He Xe Ar
is the volume of the tube? 0.75 atm 1.125 atm 1.20 atm
1.0 L 1.0 L 1.0 L

10
V= L


Q 391
Compare 1 mole of O2(g) at SATP to 0.5 moles of S2(g) at SATP by placing < , > , =, or X (for
cannot be determined) in each box a-j below. Use molar masses with only two significant figures
(round to the nearest whole number.)

a) average kinetic energy O2 average kinetic energy S2

b) vrms O2 vrms S2

c) mass of O2 mass of S2

d) volume O2 system volume S2 system

e) compression factor (Z) O2 compression factor (Z) of S2

If the temperature of the sulfur (S2) is doubled under constant pressure but the oxygen remains at
SATP, then: f) average kinetic energy O average kinetic energy S
2 2

g) vrms O2 vrms S2

h) mass of O2 mass of S2

i) volume O2 system volume S2 system

j) collision frequency O2 collision frequency S2

20

CHEM 230 Sp18 PREP 1 p 8

Q 394

A mercury barometer is exposed to an external pressure of 1.05 atm density of liquid mercury
at 0oC. T (oC) density (kg/m3)
a) What is the height (in mm) of mercury in the column? 0 13628
100 13385
200 13145
gravity = 9.81 m/s2

6
h= mm

b) When the barometer (and the surroundings) are heated to 200oC under constant pressure,
the height of the mercury will (Circle one): stay the same increase decrease.
4


Q 420

k) The gas sample from the Mt. Etna volcano [(1.0 L collected at 1075oC and 1 bar (27.72%
water), (22.76% CO2), (47.7% SO2)] was compressed isothermally to 0.10 L to set up an effusion
experiment. The gas sample was allowed to effuse for a specific length of time. At this time, 1/2 of
the water molecules have escaped. How many moles of SO2 are still in the container?
(Hint: rate of effusion = mol/time)

10

mol SO2 left

CHEM 230 Sp18 PREP 1 p 9

Q419) When a volcano erupts, the composition of the eruption gas varies with its location. The gas
mixtures are usually composed of water, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, with minor gases
including H2, H2S, HCl, CO, and S2. Assume ideal gases and that the minor gases to do not
contribute significantly to the sample when comparing them. All percentages are mole percent.

Mt. St. Helens (Washington) Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy)

1.0 L of volcanic gas collected at 802oC and 1.0 L of volcanic gas collected at 1075oC and 1 bar was
1 bar was (91.58% H2O) and (6.64% CO2). (27.72% H2O), (22.76% CO2), and (47.7% SO2). S O
O

Which sample (without plugging numbers into a calculation)...... Circle one answer in each box.

a) contains more moles of gas? Mt. St. Helens Mt. Etna same cannot determine

b) has a higher average molar mass? Mt. St. Helens Mt. Etna same cannot determine

c) has a higher molar heat capacity ? Mt. St. Helens Mt. Etna same cannot determine

d) has a greater variety of molecular speeds? Mt. St. Helens Mt. Etna same cannot determine

e) has the higher density? Mt. St. Helens Mt. Etna same cannot determine

10

The Mt. Etna sample and Mt. St. Helens sample are brought to the same temperature. The Mt. St.
Helens sample then is added to a rigid 1.0 L flask that already contains the Mt. Etna sample. Compare
the mixture to the original Mt. Etna sample. Write <, >, =, or X (for cannot determine) in each box.

f) collision frequency collision

g) PCO2 Mt. Etna PCO2 mixture
Mt. Etna frequency mixture

h) PSO2 Mt. Etna PSO2 mixture i) U Mt. Etna U mixture

8

j) On the graph to the right, sketch the curve for Z

(compression factor) vs. pressure for CO(g) from 0
Z (compression factor)

atm to ~ 800 atm using a solid line. On the same

graph, sketch the curve for Z vs. pressure for S2(g)
from 0 atm to 800 atm using a dashed line. The
1
curves should be correct relative to one another but
400 Pressure (atm)
you do not need to draw them quantitatively. Label
the curves as CO or S2.

CHEM 230 Sp18 PREP 1 p 10

Q 443

1 a) The graph on the right illustrates the compression

factor (Z) vs. pressure for a gas various
temperatures. What does the Z value represent?

b) At 200 K the curve has the shape that we talked

about in class. What factors impact the Z value at a https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikibooks/en/b/b2/Chemical_Principles_Fig_3.16.png

pressure of 150 atm?

Pressure (atm)

9
c) As temperature increases, the value of Z at 150 atm increaeses. Why does Z at 150 atm increase with
increasing temperature?

Q 444) Write <, >, =, or X (for not enough information) in each box below.

a) van der Waals "a" constant O van der Waals "a" constant ethanol
H 3C CH3
dimethyl ether (C2H6O) (C2H6O) CH3CH2OH

b) collision frequency of dimethyl ether gas at collision frequency of ethanol gas at

400 K, 2 bar, 2 L. 400 K, 1 bar, 2 L.
8

CHEM 230 Sp18 PREP 1 p 11

Q 445

3) Gas X is released at point A; SO2(g) is released at the same time from point B. Points A and B are
100 cm apart. The gases meet at a point 20 cm away from B.
a) What is the molar mass of gas X assuming both gases are the same temperature?

6
MW of X = g/mol
3
b) If the absolute temperature of SO2 is increased while the temperature of X remains constant, the
meeting point of gases will be:
(Circle one): the same distance from B; closer to B; closer to A.









14) Consider the two cylinders described below. Fill in each box comparing the changes that occur
in each cylinder when 100 J of heat is added to each cylinder. Consider ideal gases.
Write a < , > , = , or X (for cannot be determined without data) in each of the answer boxes.

Cylinder A is a rigid cylinder containing Cylinder B is a flexible cylinder containing 1

1 mole of C4H10 gas at 1 atm and 288 K. mole of CH4 gas at 1 atm and 288 K.

a) the ΔV Cylinder A Cylinder B c) the ΔT Cylinder A Cylinder B

b) the ΔU Cylinder A Cylinder B

CHEM 230 Sp18 PREP 1 p 12

6) The graph below shows 0.2 moles of a linear gas taking two different pathways for expanding from point A (5 atm,
0.1L, 298K) to point C (1.5 atm, 0.25L, 223.5K) The first path contains two steps: step 1 (Z1) is a reversible
isothermal expansion from A to B followed by step 2 (Z2), cooling from B to C. The second path (X) is an adiabatic
expansion from A to C.

5"
A (5 atm, 0.1 L, 298K)
4.5"
4"
Pressure&(atm)&

3.5"
step Z1
3"
2.5" path X
B (2atm, 0.25 L, 298K)
2"
step Z2
1.5"
C (1.5 atm, 0.25L, 223.5K)
1"
0.05" 0.1" 0.15" 0.2" 0.25" 0.3"
Volume&(L)&

a) What are the values for the following quantities for each step of each path? Use units of J. Show work
for any calculations. Indicate the appropriate sign.
ΔU w q

Step Z1 J J J

ΔU w q

Step Z2 J J J

ΔU w q

Path X J J J

18
b) An adiabatic expansion leads to less work done on the surroundings than an isothermal expansion.
Circle one: True False
2

CHEM 230 Sp18 PREP 1 p 13

Q 467
Air density has a great effect on aircraft performance. Low air density at higher altitudes reduces wing
lift, propeller efficiency, and the power output of the engine (due to less oxygen.) At sea level the
pressure is 1 atm. Standard aviation temperature us 15oC. Dry air has a molar mass of 28.964 g/mol.

a) What is the air density at sea level? b) On the Boltzman plot, sketch curves for the three major
components of dry air: Xoxygen = 0.210, Xnitrogen = 0.781,
and Xargon = 0.009. Label each curve.

probability
4
d= g/L vrms (m/s)
4

The humidity of the air increases (water is added) under constant P and T: (Circle one answer in each box)
c) the density of air will: increase decrease stay the same

d) the partial pressure of oxygen will: increase decrease stay the same
6
e) the actual/real volume occupied by a sample of humid air will be great than less than the same as
the actual/real volume of the sample of dry air.

f) The pressure at an altitude of 5.5 km above sea level is half of what it is at sea level. Temperature
decreases (0.0065 Kelvin) per (meter above sea level). How many moles of oxygen are in 1.0 L of dry
air at 5.5 km above sea level?

6
nO2 = mol

CHEM 230 Sp18 PREP 1 p 14

59) A 13.2 L sample of nitrogen gas at 244 K and 1.34 atm is compressed to 5.13 L and a pressure of 1.88
atm. Assume that the gas acts ideally.

a) Is this process isothermal? yes no cannot determine

(Circle one answer in each box.)
b) Is this process adiabatic? yes no cannot determine

c) Circle the true statement:

i) Work for this compression is 0
V2
ii) Work for this compression is calculated as w = −nRT ln
V1
iii) Work for this compression is calculated as w = -PfinalΔV
iv) Work is positive, but cannot be quantified using methods we learned in this course
v) Work is negative, but cannot be quantified using methods we learned in this course
6
The compression described above is carried out in two steps instead of one:
Step 1: Compression of the 13.2 L sample at 244K and 1.34 atm to 5.13 L and 1.34 atm
Step 2: Increasing the pressure in the sample to 1.88 atm while maintaining a volume of 5.13 L
8
d) Find q and w for Step 1

(include sign)
w= J
q= J

e) Find q and w for Step 2 6

(include sign)
w= J
q= J

f) Which step has the greatest quantity of work? (Circle one)

Step 1 Step 2 the single-step compression described at the very top 2

CHEM 230 Sp18 PREP 1 p 15

Q 365
The first step in the process used to recover zinc metal from zinc sulfide ore is the reaction of zinc sulfide
with oxygen gas to produce zinc oxide and sulfur dioxide as shown:
2 ZnS(s) + 3 O2(g) --> 2 ZnO(s) + 2 SO2(g)
A flexible reaction vessel is evacuated completely. Zinc sulfide and oxygen are added (not necessarily in
stoichiometric ratios) and the reaction goes to completeion with a constant external pressure of 126300 Pa
while maintaining a constant temperature of 679K. The amount of work associated with the reaction under
constant pressure is + 812.4 J.

a) Find the change in volume of the reaction vessel. 6

include sign
ΔV = L

b) If the volume of the vessel after the reaction is 19.5 L, determine the change in moles of gas during 6
the reaction.

include sign
Δn: mol

c) Determine the mole fraction of oxygen after the reaction. 6

X oxygen:

d) What mass of ZnS reacted? 4

mass ZnS g

CHEM 230 Sp18 PREP 1 p 16

Q 393

A balloon (flexible container) is filled with air to a volume of 100 mL at 298K and then closed. The
external pressure is 1 atm. These are the initial conditions. The balloon is heated until its volume
reaches 200 mL. Consider air to be composed of only 20% oxygen and 80% nitrogen.
9
a) If the system is the balloon, what is q for the "heating" process?

(include sign)
q= J

b) What is work for the "heating" process?

(include sign)
3 pts moles

w= J

c) If instead of adding heat to the balloon, the balloon begins under initial conditions and air is added
to the balloon at a constant temperature until the moles of air in the balloon have doubled. Which of
the following would be the SAME for this process of adding moles of air as for the process of
"heating" described in part a?

(Circle all that apply) the final volume w q ΔU

8

CHEM 230 Sp18 PREP 1 p 17

Q 421

Find the total work and heat as a closed system goes from D to C to B to A to D as illustrated in
the graph. The dashed lines are meant to help you think about the process and show constant P.

Pressure (atm)
30 A (26 atm, 1 L)

20 B (20 atm, 3 L)

10
C (6 atm, 3 L)

D (10 atm, 1 L) 1 2 3 4
Volume (L)

(include sign)

w= J

q= J

CHEM 230 Sp18 PREP 1 p 18

Q 422) White and Melville studied the decomposition of ammonia at the University of Michigan in 1905.
(JACS, 1905, 373.)

4
a) The chemists started with a 2.0 L glass vessel of NH3(g) at
2L open to atmosphere
298K and a pressure of 850 torr as measured by a Hg
P = 760 torr
manometer. On the picture to the right, sketch the
mercury in the manometer and label the height difference
(write the numerical value of the height difference in units
of mm.)

b) The ammonia (NH3) in the 2 L vessel is heated to 690oC. What are the q and w for this process?
(Consider the volume of the manomer to be negligible for the remainder of the problem.)

10
(include sign)
q= J

w= J

c) At 690oC, 22% of the ammonia decomposes. 2 NH3(g) --> N2(g) + 3 H2(g)

What is the new pressure in the flask if the decomposition is carried out isothermally?

12
Ptot = atm