For questions 9 - 16, read the texl below and think of the word which best fits each

gap.

I For questions 1 - 8, read the text below and decide which

answer (A, B, c or D) best fits each gap. There iS
Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
ln the exam, you write your answers lN CAPITAL LETTERS on a separate answer
sheet.
an examPle at the beginning (O).
ln the exam, you mark your answers on a separate answer
sheet' Example: 0

Example:
0 A affecting B occurring C imPinging D relating

^la
u lr :
B t-c D
t-
The written word and the camera
Film isn't just about moving images and spoken language - the written word can also
ExPedition health have a strong impact (O) ........... the big screen. ln the first silent comedies and dramas,
words emblazoned on a black screen helped audiences to understand (9) ........... they
Sprainsandmusclestrainsarecommoniniuries(0),....'...'.peoplewhogotrekkinginwildernessareas'Ankles,
(1) ........... especially il you're carrying a heavy backpack' were seeing. Words spelled (10) ........... what the characters were saying, and connected
knees, the larger leg muscles and the back are most at
the different scenes. For example, in between a scene showing our hero rushing to save
i;'.::illli
onewayofavoidingtheseproblemsistowalkwithtrekkingpolesWhichhelp(2).........''balanceaswellas his beloved and (11) ........ of her being tied to the train tracks, the word'Meanwhile'

redistributing the shock load produced by constant walking' (12) ........... invariably appear on the screen.

particularly when hamstrings are

Back strain can be triggered by the (3) ........... of trekking and climbing, (13) ........... the introduction of sound made most of this wording redundant, the written
overused. To keep such strains at bay, take a few minutes at
the end of each day to (4) """""' these muscles'
word did not disappear from film, (14) ... ..... . with the music, the design of the written
Then, keeping your knees together' roll your legs
Lie on your back and hold your knees up against your chest. title and opening credits helped to set the scene and establish the mood of the film. Film
from side to side. posters picked (15) ........... on this design feature, and became just as important as the

artwork in attracting the right kind of audience to the film. A simple sheet of paper was
' the temptation to reach straight
for the drugs' Sprains
(5) ........... treatment is concerned, you should (6) "" ""
the turned (16) ........... an emotional experience equal to lhe film itself, with the lettering also
This combination of measures (8) """""'
and strains (7) .,......... from rest, ice compression and etevation.
playing a key role.
effect of reducing swelling and bruising'

1 A chance B danger G risk D hazard

2 A supply B maintain C conserve D defend

A rigours B hardships C sufferings D ordeals

it
4 A spread B extend C stretch D expand ,ti1

,ii
:1

5 A As far as B As soon as C As well as D As long as i

A resist B defy C restrain D oppose

6
\
7 A improve B recover C respond D benefit {i
rii

8 A gives B makes C has D gets &

READING AND USE OF ENGLISH TEST 7 ll9

TEST 7 READING AND USE OF ENGL1SH
 the end For questions 25 - 30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to
For questions 17 24, read lhe text below' Use the word given in capilals at
- the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use
gap in the same line' There is an
oi some oi tne lines to form a word that fits in the between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (O).
example at the beginning (0)'
a separate answer
ln the exam, you write your answers lN CAPITAL LETTERS on Example:
sheet. 0 Trevor persuaded his sister to enter the competition.

F Y TALKED
Example: I D E T I
Trevor..........-..... entering the competition.
The gap can be filled with the words 'talked his sister into', so you write:

Example: TALKED HI, qI)TERINTO

Hidden dePths
to
Archaeologists have used aerial photography for many decades ln the exam, you write only the missing words tN CAPITAL LETTERS on a separate
activity on the ground' Certain IDENTITY answer sheet.
(O) ..- ..... patterns of ancient human

features of an area, such as ancient field boundaries or the outline

the SETTLE
of ........... and fortifications, which can no longer be seen on
(r4 25 One of the footballers was too ill to play that afternoon.
when viewed from above' The use of such APPEAR
ground, become (18) ........-.. PREVENTEO
the ABLE
photography has (19) ....... ... archaeologists to produce maps of how
been used over the centuries' But these maps have always
had
land has
26 l'd prefer you not to eat in the car, if you don't mind.
gaps where the land is wooded because traditional cameras can't
see
WHILE
through trees.
l'd rather you ..... in the car

HAPPY
(20) ........... , a solution to this problem has now been found' lt's called
27 I find il amazing thal the young singer performs so confidently.
Lidar, and it's a laser-based aerial (21) """ ' system that
can 'see DETECT
HOW
below'
through' trees, thus revealing archaeological features concealed What amazes ........ ..... the young singer performs.
pulses off the ground and measures how
Lidar bounces low-energy laser
pulses are
long it takes light to travel back to the instrumenl Most of the 28 The price of laptop computers has gone down a lot in recent years.

from the trees, but some have reached the ground' FALL

There has price of laptop computers in recent years.

of ANALYSIS
A computer selects and l22l ....."."' these and produces an image
29 The band's pianist finds it fairly easy to learn new songs.
the bare earth. Pioneering work with the technology led to the discovery
KNOW COMES
oI hundreds of previously (23) ..."""" ancient leatures which tend to be
VISIBLE Learning new songs the band's pianist.
l24l ........... to the naked eye.

30 Applicants for the post need to demonstrate that they are both flexible and patient.
COMBINATION
Applicants for the post need to demonstrale
patience.

TEST 7 READING AND USE OF ENGLISH

READING AND USE OF ENGLISH TEST 7

ffi
 31 Which adiective, used later in the first paragraph, reinforces the idea that the Egg
questions 31 - 36' choose the answer
You are going to read an article about a famous designer' For Chair was 'quirky' (line 2)?
"ot to the text'
Di which you think fits best according
O, A, C
answer sheet' A unmistakable
ln the exam, you mark your answers on a §eparate
B trendy
hefty
D sought-after
The Egg Chair
TheEggChaìr'oneofthemostenduringsymbolsofthemodernistmovementindesign,WaScreatedinaDanish 32 What do we learn about the SAS Royal Hotel in the second paragraph?
is more extraordinarily popular than ever before'
garage over 60 yeur" ugo_ roori, il qJirrv iuù*ti" "rmchair
up fashionable interiors all over the world' starred A Only parts of it were designed by Arne Jacobsen.
For decades, the unmistakable l*iràr-""ut" trur" brightened
inHollywoodblockbusterssucnastvlenirBlack,andiazzed-upcountlesslrendyhotels,offices,barsandclubs' by the
B Not everybody appreciated its design at the time.
Fritz Hansen and priced at a hefty t5'000, sell C
cenuine Egg Chairs, slill m"o" u!-tn-Jrni"n "orpuny up by the lt was made of materials not previously used in Denmark.
reproductions, at anything from tsob to t2,000, have been snapped
thousand all over the world. cheaper
,oi" examples from the 1950s have sold at auction in
D Part of it has since been turned into a museum of architecture.
million. Right now, they,ve n"*rT*n populaiand originàl
New York for uP to $70'000.
33 According to Gemma Curtin, the Egg Chair
studio'
a reclusive architect who rarely left his copenhagen
For all this, we must thank one man: Arne Jacobsen, A was inspired by aspects of the natural world.
HedesignedtheEggChairaSpartofacommissiontocreateanewlandmarkhotelinthecentreofthecityinthe
name, was to be the largest hotel in B has not always been taken seriously by designers.
1950s. The sAS Royal Hotel, *t,ì"nià"o*n"o by the airline of the same
a glass cigarbox" the
history. compared unkindly by critics to C is more practical than many people imagine it will be.
Denmark, and the first sr<v-scraper ii'Àe who is arguably
"orntry'"
ot ronument to the modernist movemènt, and Jacobsen, D reflects a philosophy no longer important in modern design.
rectangular steel structure |,erJin" a
"ort
themostimportantSCandinaviandesignerofthe2othcentury,pioneeredthemodernistmovementinWhich
of lheìr buildìngs'
actual day-to-day contents
architects began to design botn tne inieriors' and the 34 ln the fourth paragraph, we learn that when the Egg Chair first went on show,
and colour
,At the sAS hotel, this meant he created eveMhing from the door handles and cutlery to the carpets A it had design faults that were later rectified.
Scheme,,,saysGemmaCurtin,acuratorattheDesignMuseum...HisphilosophyWasdescribedas.fromspoonto
soft sides. lt's really organic, and stems from nature:
it looks B it was already being mass-produced by a company.
city,, and the chair *as part ot Àài iÀ" rgg chair h,-as
like a broken shell that a little chick has
just run out of. lt's sophisticated and minimalist' but still has a sense of fun' C it did not immediately become a commercial success.
to jump in lt's just incredibly warm and relaxing'" D
You can't imagine a child walfing pasiwitnout wanting it was recognised as a design that would become highly influential.

Jacobsenbuilttheprototypeo{lheChairinhisgarageinCopenhageninlg5T.AfterSevelalminoradjustments' 35 According to Stephen Bayley, the Egg Chair

public
ir was unveited to the rìoJ o""ign stiow.-wnen tne hoteì opened, Egg chairs tilled the lobbv and bar
"t then an up-market, family-owned furniture manufacturer, A
area, and were found in every oedroom. Fritz Hansen, has adapted well to the use of new materials.
oririr"pri".a to, tashion-conscious homeowners. ln keeping with the tradition that true
was handed a contract to
to catch on, and initial sales were disappointing' But by the
B remains the best design for its intended purpose.
develop gradually, the E-gg. ònaiitoor a wnite
classics
desìgn' C has lended to prevent new chair designs being appreciated.
mid 1960s, buyeri had grown to love its revolutionary
D continues to achieve only one of its creator's two main aims.
ThedesignexpertStephenBayleyincludestheEggChairinD,esign:lntelligenceMadeVisible,hisnewgUideto
ended" in the late 1950s
modern design ct"""i"" Si, f"r"néà conran. He b-elieves tÀat "chair design 36 The writer quotes Jan Helleskov in order to show how
"o-"rinoi"àLf
,,This was when cnarres eames iraiuJ"o ni" ntu.inium Group classics, and Arne Jacobsen his Egg," he says'
materials'
,,since then, there have o""n À"aÀ"ng"" in human physiology, nor the discovery of any relevant new A worried the original makers are about fakes.
be. Jacobsen's achievement was to turn the austerity B
and no genuine impror"rn"n," in *nat"a modern chair might the original makers help chair owners to avoid theft.
He thought of architecture and lurniture
of functionalism into sometning elegàni"no .pur", yet luiurious as well. C well made an original chair from the 1960s actually is.
design as two expressions oI tlh" o""ir. to ac-hieve both physical and psychological comfort."
"àÀ" D easy it is for the company to identify a fake reproduction.

AntiqueEggChairscannowcommandaStaggeringsum...|'VeWatchedthisgrowandgrowsincethebirthol
themoderndesignauction,,,saysJameszematis,thedirectorof2othcenturydesignatSotheby'sinNewYork.
.There,s The sky-high prices have ted-to a burgeoning market
a surging o"r"no toàrr post-war oanisn furniture."
in Egg chair thefts, which Fritz ialsàn are attempting to combat
by holding a database of serial numbers which
the company's spokesman' Jan
all genuine Eggs have ìnto tn" toot. "And you ian always tell a fake,; says
"ar"o basic shape and.the fabric we've never
Helleskov. look at things like the siitching and the dimensions, and the
,,1

spot at a glance "

come across an imitation purpoding to be-an Egg Chair that we couldn't

IìEAD1NG AND USE OF ENGLISH TEST 7 t43

TEST 7 READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
T-
YouaregoingtoreadfourreviewsofacollectionofshortStories.Forquestions3T-40,choosefromthe
critics A-- D. The critics may be chosen more than
once'
Whach critic

shares A's view about the descriptions of the places featured

rrTl
answer sheet' in the stories?
ln the exam, you mark your answers on a separate

Gritic A
has a different opinion to the other three about the inclusion of
a cookery section in the book?
tos-T- l
work. Already
marks an interesting departure from her previous
Nancy Belmont,s latest collection of short stories These ten short stories
parallel career as an acclaimed food writer'
a successful fiction stylist, Belmont has a
are a hybrid
over a hearty
of ìhe
meat_
two
lt
activtties.
sounoslntli"g,
Éach is set
urt
in a different city and is framed around solving
combining the..ingredients
a family difficulty
proves rathertricky. The various cities
and insight
shares B's opinion of how successfully the main theme is handled?
t*T-l
and the-family iheme is handled with the sensitivitv
are confidenly evoked in bri"f;;;; ;;;its the dinner-table dramas which
g"iro;t. the main players in each of
we,ve come to expect from sadly, however,
unfold are curiously lacking in empathy, making
it hard for thereàder to turn to each successive
episode with
has a different opinion to C regarding the appeal of the main
characters in the stories? f..oT- l
enthusiasm.Reproducingtheactualrecipesisabravemove-butinreality,Whowouldturntoabookofshort
stories for tiPs on lasagne making?

Critic B
TheConceitthatfamilydifferencescanandoftenareresolvedoverasharedmealiSattheheartofNancy
are deftly drawn and Subtly
Belmont,S new book of short storl.s. uer
protagonists and their human weaknesses
a lengthy
stories of effectively sorting out problems over
appealing, and the thread tnat runs through ùese but Belmont manages to pull
you,d think it wauld be hard to sustain the momentum,
dinner at home never palls. vividly to
and Belmont's sparkling prose brings each location
it off. Each meal takes pta". in u Jitt.runt capital them instantly recognisable'
architectural features to make
lire in a few brief sentences - often invoking iconic
the dishes consumed is a novel and highly entertaining
choosing to feature st.p-oy-stlf instructiois for making
personally vouch for the apple pie on page 1 22'
t*i"t - t lun

Critic C
AcollectionofStorieseachbasedinadifferentcity,focusingonthepreparationandconsumptionoffood,
entertained and attentive' The actual
most world-wàry traveller
sounds like something that would keep even the to
new vdumé is patch, however. Allhough she manages
treatment of cosmopolitan fiuing iniun"V Belmont's characters tucking in to a
smell the cloying summer heat, her
conjure up Beijing so that the rÉader can almost as likable
family meal in paris, could tr"nr.rv À" That's not to sa! that the Parisian family.aren't iust
the other "nv*nere.
stories - who are almost withòut fail amusing and sensitively drawn' Listing
and engaging as those in and neat
preparing the dishes themselves is an unexpected
ingredients and providing det;iled instructions for and sharing food is the key
underlying message - that making
device, which works well in ,"intoi$g Belmont,s
to family relationships the world over'

Gritic D of Nancy
It,s a rare book of short stories that has me checking
the contents of kitchen cupboards, but readers
how to cook the many fine meals her protagonists argue and
Belmont,s latest collection benefit from tips on tour of major
make peace over. Just as the rJp* ,"ry, so do thè locations as she takes us on a whistle-stop
,r" ini"rn"tionui, and so too is the food, to the point where this reader sometimes
citiès. The urban settings
set. Food is prepared, the family gathers, food
found it hard to recall in whtch metropolis the current story was
potential, but it's a challenge to sustain interest over ten
is consumed. lt,s a simple formula, and one rich with
comfortable supplying deft and amusing
stories, even for a writer as skilled as Belmont, who seems more
than in pointing us to universal truths about the curative powers of sharing food'
descriptions of her diners

RFADING AND USE OF ENGLISH TEST 7 145

TEST 7 READING AND USE OF ENGLISH

You are going to read an extract from a wildlife magazine'
,"rnor"itroÀ tne article. Choose from the paragraphs A - G the one which
(41 46). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need
- their'lodges', whìch are invisible
ln the exam, you mark your answers on a separate answer
Don't fear the beaver
Cursedwithareputationfordestruction,thebeaverisnowcomingtobeseenaseco-friendly.
It took years of research and planning, but
finally everything was ready After an absence
of at least 200 years, beavers looked set to
return to mainland Britain, one of the final
Jronliers in their reintroduction across Europe'
The plan was to release them into a secluded
valley in a foresl in the west of Scotland and
see how they got on. Popular support was
strong but last-minute lobbying from powerful
local landowners resulted in the Scottish
Executive relusing permission. Once again, it
seemed, thèse shy herbivores had fallen foul
of their reputation for eco-destruction'
41
The beaver's love of hydrological engineering
has in fact brought it into conllict with
people across Europe and North America lor
centuries, so il's no small irony that experts
are now realising that this is exactly why we
need beavers in the countryside. "They are
the quintessential ecosystem engineers,"
says ecologist James Byers at the University
of New Hampshire. 'And they'll do this work
for free."
42
Pursued for centuries by hunters keen to
transform their fur into luxury waterproof hats,
beavers were probably saved from extinction
only by a change oi fashion in the 1840s
By the beginning of the 20th century, tiny
populations of the European beaver, Castor
fiber, suruived in just a few rivers in Bussia,
Norway, France and Germany Meanwhile,
across the Atiantic, the closely related North
American species Castor canadensis clung on
only in Canada's remote boreal foresls.
43
TEST 7 READING AND USE OI ENGLISH
Six paragraphs have been
fits each gap
to use'
sheet'
"The reinlroduction oithe beaver in Europe has
been an outstanding success," says Andrew
Kitchener, principal curator of mammals
and birds at National Museums Scotland in
Edinburgh. "lmmensely adaptable, they feed
on a wide range of herbaceous planls and
can set up home in almost any freshwater
environment."
M
ln North America this is even more the case
than in Europe. But 'proactive management'
is encouraging people to learn to live with
them there too. One useful tool is the 'beaver
deceiver', a perforated plastic pipe that
beavers find impossible to plug up lnseded
into an inconvenient dam' beaver deceivers
create permanent leaks which keep water
tevels at a chosen maximum.
45
Accepting beavers as neighbours is one thing,
but many experts now believe we should
be actively promoting their spread into their
former ranges. For a start, they say, beavers
bring ecological benefits by creating ponds
upstream of their dams - instant wetlands
recreating those destroyed throtlgh centuries
of drainage camPaigns.
46
Itcould be a similar story ìn those places where
beavers remain unwelcome. "Beavers would
create habitats suitable for up to 32 species in
need of urgent conservation action," says Rob
Slrachan of the UK's Environment Agency'
Critics ask why money should be put into
bringing back one species? Bui when lots of
other animals and plants benefii too - it makes
for extremely cost-effective conservation'
A When they choose large rivers for E Beaver-built waterworks not only
thìs, they burrow into the banks create habitats for wildlife, he
explains, they also boost water
and build underwater entrances to
quality and reduce the twin threats
of drought and flooding. ln fact, the
to humans. ln small waterways,
however, they construct dams of beaver could even be an invaluable
mud and timber to raise water levels ally in battling the effects of climate
and create ponds in which they can change.
then recreate the same kind of safe
shelter. lt is these structures that are F Beavers are no strangers to such
perceived as a nuisance. opposition. ln this case, people
feared they would damage valuable
B Today, both species are steadily salmon stocks in local rivers. Beavers
don't eat fish - though plenty of
re-colonising their original ranges,
people think they do - but the local
through a combination of planned
releases and natural spread. Now re- groups mislakenly imagined their
established in 26 European countries, dams would cause problems. lt's an
beavers are missing from only a old, misbegotten story.
handful including mainland Britain
(there is no evidence that beavers G Another device, essentially a sturdy
have ever lived in lreland). wire-mesh cage, prevents beavers
blocking culveds and flooding roads.
C These beaver'ghost towns' are Trees can be protected by wrapping
another familiar feature in the them in wire mesh, or by coating tree
wetlands because beavers move trunks with a sand-rich paint. ln the
along when their preferred food plants f uture, chemical repellents containing
are depleted, allowing vegetation extracts from unpalatable plants may
to regenerate. ln the process they do the job.
become agents for renewal, helping
to create dynamic, biodiverse
landscapes.
D ln the Adirondack mountains of
New York, for instance, the habitats
created by beavers along river banks
are rich in plants found nowhere
else. ln Canada, ecologists have
discovered that monitoring the
still waters behind beaver dams is
the best way to study amphibian
populations - the frogs and toads can
barely survive anywhere else.
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH TEST 7 147
 YoUaregoingtoreadanarticleaboutfourbusinesswomen.Forquestions4T-56,
choose from the sections (A - D). The sections may be chosen more than once'
ln the exam, you mark your answers on a separate answer §heet'
Which of the businesswomen
realises how fortunate she was to find an effective way of promoting
her products?
did some informal market research before starting her business?
was at first disappointed by the response to her publicity?
had no choice but to find a new career path?
felt that her previous career lacked promotion prospects?
admits to having no experience whatsoever in the field she entered?
produced her own publicity material?
says she didn't feel committed to a previous career?
got business as a result of word-of-mouth recommendations?
waited until she felt confident enough to leave a previous position?
TEST 7 READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
New directions
Four businesswomen who risked everything to make their foftune
A Annie Westmorland: recruitment consultancy
I'd worked lor years in marketing, and had an MBA degree, yet never seemed to be in the running
for a more senior position, which was frust€ting. One day, a work contact asked iI I knew anyone
suitable for a post he was trying to fill. I put some names fomard, and one of those people was
recruited. That got me thinking about becoming a recruitment consultant. I did a bit of discreet
networking, asking some business contacts if they'd use me iI I set myself up as one. The response
fez-n was good, but it still took me a year to summon up the courage to quit my job and go for it. My first
job was to ,ind six salespeople for a communicalions company. I placed an advert in a local business
paper and waited. Gradually the CVs came in. I did dozens of interviews and filled all the places. After
that, the work rolled in and l'm now well ahead of my projected lurnover for the year.
rcT-l
B Zoe Wong: clothing company
f*-n Iwas lying on a beach trying to think of something to wear one evening that I didn't have to iron. Thal
sparked an idea: how fantastic if all my dresses could be wrinkle-free and ready-to-wear. I got very
excited and couldn't wait to gel home and start researching. I was a complete novice in the fashion
f'T-l world. I was working as a sports-marketing and publicity consultant but my heart wasn't in it. Starting
my own business seemed to be the answer to a lot of problems. Using my savings, I got on a plane to
Thailand and spent a couple of weeks researching fabrics lhat looked silky and expensive, yet were
-l almost crease-free. lt was scary, but I had faith that the dresses would sell. My lucky break came
f'_l- when a friend managed to get me a cheap advert in an upmarket glossy magaine. She helped me
arrange a photo shoot with glamorous models wearing the dresses. ll cost a lot, but after lhat the
orders flooded in. You have to be a risk-taker to make a business work, but if you're successful, the
f*T-'] rewards are huqe.
f*T l C Melanie Hardisty: event-planning business
The idea came when I was asked to arrange a socìal event for members of the gym I went to. lt
f*T -l
occuned lo me that this was a seruice that you could sell to companies, and something I could do
without huge amounls of experience. I had no idea if it would work. My first event was a golt day
with a gourmet meal in the evening. I went for a date six weeks ahead and booked everythìng up, but
set aside part of my life savings to cover my costs if it was a disaster. I made up some flyers on my
f*T -l
computer, then spent a weekend in town handing them out and texting everyone I knew. lnilially there
wasn't much interest and I thought l'd made a terrible mistake. But then the phone started ringing
and the event was soon fully-booked. The day was a great success and I made a profit.
f*-n D Fiorella Lucchesi: web-design business
I started up through necessity - I was made redundant from my accountancy job, and couldn't get
another. I thought I'd brush up on my computer skills and did a course. But I wasted my money
because it wasn't up to much. Not to be discouraged, I bought lots oI books and taught myselt.
I'd always been interested in websale design and thought it was an area where I could make $me
money. A friend saw some designs I'd done and mentioned my name to someone who wanted a
website for his hypnotherapy business. l'd no idea what to charge, so I said the first number that
came into my head, which was e700, and he agrèed. lt only took me a couple ol days and he was
delighted with the results. Word spread among the alternative therapy community and I got more
work than I could cope with. I only needed to design two websites a wek to make the salary I'd bm
earning before. ln my first month I designed four websites and in the second month I did six.
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH TEST 7 t49
 For questionsI - 16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap.
Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
ln the exam, you write your answers lN CAPITAL LETTERS on a separate answer
(A, B, C or D) best fits each gap' There is sheet.
For questions 1 - 8, read the text below and decide which answer
an example at the beginning (0).
Example: 0
ln the exam, you mark your answers on a separate answer sheet'

Example:
O Aamount Bquantity C volume D extent

0 ABCD The hamster's body clock

-ÉE-
Hamsters have (0) ........-.. need for alarm clocks. ln the strange world of circadian rhythms
A question of safety - the 24-hour cycle (9) ........... governs almost every biological process in every living

Life involves a certain {o) . .. .. of risk, or at least it did. These days, however, governments seem to have thing, (10) ........... body temperature to digestion to sleeplng and waking - the hamster is
idea of protecting us from it. As a result, what we actually rlsk most
is not being (11) ........... equivalent of the Swiss watch. (121 ........... to Professor Michael Antle from
become (1) ........... with the
allowed to live at all. the University of Calgary's Department of Psychology, you can predict to wilhin a minute
(13) .......-..a hamster is going to wake up.
would be amusing if it
one edict, which emerged from the British government's health-and-safety department,
wasn,t so serious. Circus artistes performing on tightropes or the flying trapeze are
.
being (2) ..... . 1o wear the (14) ........... turning on their light for 15 minutes in the middle of the night, however, he
the 'Temporary work at Heights
type of hard hats more usually (3) ........... with the constructìon industry. Under can make his hamsters wake up an hour earlier the next day. They still need their usual

Directive,, such a hat must be worn for any working activity taking
(4) ..... above the height of an 'average fourteen hours' sleep, but their biological clocks appear to be set back. When he saw the

stepladder,. Now you might think that sounds (5) ........... reasonable, but the absurd thing is that the rule is being effect inilially in his laboratory, Antle was shocked at (15) ........... big it was. An eight-hour
(7) '....,.,,.. of a safety net,
(6) .. ,... to circus performers aS well. Used to flying through the air without even the adjustment is something useful - it could mean travelling from Canada to London without

performers point out that trapeze artistes often break arms and legs, but (8) "" " heads' suffering from jetlag. (16) ........... the same thing worked for humans, Antle really would be

on to something.
'l Aprone Bobsessed Caddicted Ddevoted

A proposed B challenged C required D demanded

A regarded B associated C recognised D concerned

A place B forth C part D ahead

m
A fairly B duly C widely D closely

A presided B enJorced C directed D applied

A profit B benefit C remedy D welfare

I A merely B unlikely C rarely D unusually

READING AND USE OF ENGLìSH TEST 6

TEST 6 READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
 For questions 17 - 24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end For questions 25 - 30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to
ot some of the lines to form a word that lits in the gap in the same line. There is an the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use
example at the beginning (0). between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).
ln the exam, you write your answers lN CAPITAL LETTERS on a separate answer Example:
sheet.
0 Chloe would only eat a pizza if she could have a mushroom topping.
ON
Example: E 5 5 E T I A L L Y
...... a mushroom topping when she ate a pizza.
Chloe .............................
The gap can be filled with the words'insisted on having', so you write

Example; INSISTED ON HAVINO

lntrepid travel
ln the exam, you write only the missing words lN CAPITAL LETTERS on a separate
lntrepid Travel is (0) ........... a tour operator which aims to provide ESSENCE answer sheet.
its clients with holidays that take them ofi the (17) ........... track in small BEAT

groups, whilst at the same time allowing them the (18) ........... and FLEXIBLE
25 Leo is so skilful at basketball that he makes it look easy.
freedom to really gain first-hand experience of local cultures. IS
Such ................. ... basketball player that he makes it look easy.

The company divides trips into two categories. The Active Range
26 Brian couldn't explain how the stolen computer got into the boot of his car.
aims to combine physical challenge with cultural (19) ........ , INTERACT LOSS
whereas the Comfort Range puts the emphasis more on a (20) ....." .. COMBINE Brian ................. ... how the stolen computer got into the boot of
his car,
of travel to unusual destinations and some of lìfe's small (2'l) ........... . PLEASE
ln other words, you have a l22l ... ..... of intrepid adventures to suit CHOOSE 27 The footballer injured his knee, so that was the end of his hopes of a first team
both your budget and your preferred level of comfort. place.
PAID
The footballer's knee ................ his hopes of a first team place.
For example, you might find a trek in Peru more to your taste than,

say, a feast in Morocco; or maybe an African safari is more likely 2A This film stands a very good chance of winning an award.
to meet your (231 .. lntrepid clients get the chance to see REOUIRE HIGHLY

some of the world's most amazing places, engage with fascinating

It is .................... win an award.

cultures and have some l24l ........... real-life experiences along the way FORGET 29 Davina can't even boil an egg and she certainly couldn't cook a whole meal.
ALONE
Davina can't even boil an egg a whole meal

30 Kelvin should call in a builder to repair those broken roof tiles

GET
Kevin should by a buìlder.

TEST 6 READING AND USE OF ENGLISH READING AND USE OF ENGLISH TEST 6 121
You are going to read four extracts from reports written by people who attended a conference on the subiect Which attendee
of innovation in business. For questions 37 - 40, choose from the extracts A - D. The extracts may be chosen
more than once.
ln the exam, you mark your answers on a separate answer sheet,
shares Ben Wong's opinion about the relevance of the overall
theme of the conferencè?
F?-i--l

A Alec Royle
has a different view to the other three regarding the performance
of the presenters at the conference? FBI--l
I spent a stimulating three days at the conference entitled 'Managing Successful innovation'. This brought together
under one roof almost 500 managers who, as one presentèr aptly put it: "recognise the need to encourage innovalion,
but don't always know how to achieve it". lnnovation is indeed a hot topic just now, and at ihis event it was thoroughly
dissected from a variety of angles by some accomplished speakers. Given that we were at a hotel with state-oflhe-art,
purpose-built conference facilities including comforlable lecture theatres and spacious public areas, it's a shame more
shares Alec Royle's view of the opportunities for networking at the
conference?
t*-rl
time wasn't built in for informal mingling with the other attendees - always such a valuable part of these events. You
couldn't fault the refreshments, however. Short as the breaks were, there was a ready supply of intriguing snacks on
otfer. lt was as if the hotel kìtchen had been asked to pick up on the theme of the conference itself.
has a different opinion to Chris Shakeston about the catering
arrangements at the conference?
r*-n
B Benwong
As a seasoned conference-goer, I find myself paying less attention to who's been paid to speak than to who's being paid
to go and listen. That, for me, is the real benefit of events like last month's conference on innovation in business, and I
did come away with a pocketful of calling cards. I've already started chasing up the most promising ones. lt was also
heartening to see so many other managers sharing my views on the significance of ìnnovation, and the need to promote
it to survive in our fast-changing commercial environment. Of the formal sessions, none came close to matching the
energy and originality of some ol those ai last year's event, when the locus was on disruptive technology. A thème
unintentionally revisited this year when a hitch in the kitchen meant half the ilems on the lunch menu never materialised.

C Chris Shakeston
l'd been told that this conference centre was the hot ticket in terms of what the hospitality industry has to offer - so it
was a bit of a let-down to find the catering was a bit run-of-the-mill. lnnovation is certainly a buzzword in the business
community, so Managing Successful lnnovation seemed a promising conference to sign up for. But I came away
thinking that the current 'era of innovation' as I heard it described is a bit of an exaggeration. ln reality, developing new
concepts and inventions is what humans have always done. Admiltedly, there were some very polished talks by world-
renowned management gurus, but the main thrust of the programme ssemed a bit hackneyed to me. Conferences are
about building relationships as well as provoking thought, however, and strengthening such bonds and extending our
reach is the real reason many of us were there.

D Dancomez
l've been to lots of conferences in my lime - some excellent and some less so. The recent one I attended on the
subject of Managing Successful lnnovation wasn't the worst, but neither was it the best l've known. There were some
famous names on the programme and the sessions were certainly slick in terms ol delivery. The issue for me, however,
was that so much has been said on the subject in recent years that even these well-known practitioners in the fiBld
of innovation had little to add. Judging by the chat over the rather uninspiring lunch, I wasn't alone in feeling lhat
innovation was precisely what seemed to be in short supply! To my mind, there was also a bit too much input on the
packed programme- l'd have appreciated more time for interacting with the other participants and getting to know a few
people. lsn't that why we go to conferences?

TEST 6 READING AND USE OF ENGLISH READING AND USE OF ENGLISH TEST 6 r25
 You are going to read an extract from a magazine. Six paragraphs have been removed A "l was ìncredibly naìVe to think that To an outsider, therefore, it seems a
from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A - G the one which fits each gap (41 - 46). initìal feeling would change, and I bit surprising that Susannah joìned
There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. took a while to realise I was hitting the profession in the first place. As
my head against a brick wall. Maybe an English student at university,
ln the exam, you mark your answers on a separate answer sheet.
it was because there's part of me she co-wrote a couple of plays,
that likes ticking boxes and jumping performed at a national festival; one
through hoops and getting approval, was nominated for an award. So why
and there's a loi of that in the law." didn't she follow a literary star?
Life choices
Would you give up a dull but secure job to fulfil your ream ambition? Susannah Bates did. B It features a successful high{lying That department appealed because
young lawyer who has everything she liked the amusing people there.
We last interviewed Susannah Bates five you can put your head down and do hard except a life outside the office, until "You could have fun flicking elastic
years ago, just after the publication of her work. But I eventually decided liust wasn't she meets her beau. Susannah was a bands at everyone or sending a fake
second novel in little more than 12 months. temperamentally suited to it. I came to lawyer who gave up the law in order email from someone else's computer,
And then it went a bit quiet. Her third tale is specialise in banking law. They didn't ever to write, and who then met hers. They but at the end of the day you had
now out - so why the long gap? Well, we say you had to be that good with numbers, got engaged as spring turned into to go back to your desk and look at
need to rewind to January six years ago. ln but lthink it would've helpedl" she laughs. summer, and before the end of the those rows of figures," she smiles.
that month, Susannah rekindled a romance year, were manied.
with a former boy{riend from her days at 44 G "When I'm working on a novel, I need
university. Her first book, Charmed Lives, "Those who stay in the industry do it c "lt's as if I suddenly saw the light," to shut myself away. lt's quite a sad,
was out not long afier - and pretty quickly, because they love that side of it. They get she says. "l've got a friend from lonely activity," she laughs. "But when
it seems life was imitating art. a real buzz and think 'This deal's worth that time and I hate to think what life's looking up and you're busy and
he's earning compared to what I'm have someone around, you're very
eight million' or 'The deal we're working
41 earning! But I don't really regret easily distracted. lt took a long time to
on is going to be on the front pages of the
giving it up. I don't regret having find my rhythm again."
The sequel, also featuring a city lawyer, was business section.' For me, it could have
done it, either; I think it's really great
by this time pretty much done and dusted been eight dollars. Eight million? lt wasn't
grounding, knowing what it is to be a
and would appear on the bookshelves that big an issue. lt didn't give me the same professional, and I've used aspects of
the following spring. "l'd already done thrill." that in my writing."
a bit of work on the next one, but not a
huge amount. But when I did get down to 45
D "My mother's quite realistic about
working on it, it didn't come as easily as the "l've never thought writing was a realistic decisions and I remember her saying
others. They came out quite quickly, and option, especially my sort of writing, when I was wondering whether to go
then there's been this gap." because so many people fail at it. Maybe through with it: 'Write a short story,
it's my upbringing, but I really felt it was send it to a magazine, see how it gets
42
important, leaving university, to earn money, on."'
The successful publication of three novels, and I didn't see how I could ever do that by
with one to come as part of her current writing. I think that was the real explanation,
publishing deal, certainly vindicates her and I wanted to be independent. I also
decision to turn her back on the law after thought that whatever I did, l'd put my head
two years at law school, and a year working down and come to enjoy it; I didn't realise
in London. Wisdom is about realising what I'd find the law quite so dry!"
works for you, and she hasn't looked back.
46
43
But that's all in the past. Thoughts for the
"What's more, when I was trying to get future centre on a fourth novel. There's no
published and taken on by an agent, I title as yet, but there are many thoughts
was treated more seriously because I swirling and settling in Susannah's mind.
was a lawyer; I suspect because it shows

TEST 6 READING AND USE OF ENGTISH READING AND USE OF ENGLISH TEST 6 t)7
 You are going to read an article about the sport called canyoning. For questions 47
choose from the designers (A - D). The sections may be chosen more than once.
ln the exam, you mark your answers on a separate answer sheet.
Which section mentions
a variant of the sport that is less challenging?
tE t-_l
- 56,
Gorge yourself
A
After a long, hard week crunclring nunrbers, writing up reports, doing assignments or whatever
it is you do, don't you sonrelirnes frel like chucking yourself oll a cliff? Well, you,re not alone.
There'.s even a narne lor people with such impulses: they're called canyoneers. Canyoning, which
was established as a sport rìround l5 years ago by a lèw fearless thrill-seekcrs in France and
spain, is being adopted as the larest way flor stressed-out high achievers to purge themselves of
the pressures of work or study lor the sinrple reason that nothing clears the mind better than
the prospect ol'leaping off the side ol a gorge into a pool of linrpid, mountain-fresh water which
can be as much as 20 metres beneath your fee1. Thcre is, however, more to canyoning than that:
it's a true adventure sport that regularly embraces the disciplines of hiking, climbing, abseiling
and swimming, and it's certainly not for the faint of heart or weak of limb.

a way of mastering the basic skills required by the sport?

an example of why the sport demands both courage and determination?
artificial aids thal have been introduced for the benefit of participants?
a growing awareness of the sport in certain places?
how some of the best locations for lhe sport were discovered?
t*[-l B
A typical canyoneers outfit cosls around f,1,250 and comprises zr high-quality wetsuit, neoprene
socks and gloves, a salety helmet fitted with a waterproof headlight and a perforated canyoning
f* T--l backpack designed to let out all the weighty water that accumulates on the way down. you,ll
also need a decent first-aid kit (just in case) and top-notch climbing equipmcnt including ropes
and a harness and last but not least, a lew equally adventurous fr.iends. Because il'therc,s one
thing oanyoning isn't, it's a sport for the lone wolf. Although it's difficult to define precisely,
ft"]---, canyoning basically involves making your way to the top of an extremely long and high gorge
and then traversing your way down to the bottom by the best means possible which usually
involves a combination of abseiling, clirnbing, jumping, sliding and swimnring. One thing it
Fì.1--l always requires, howeveq is commitment -because once you're halfway rlown a creek it,s olìen
lar more dimcult to turn back and try to reach the salety of flat terrain than it is to keep on
going. Even though going on nright involve an abseil down a sheer rock face or a seemingly
[5r][-l internrinable creep around a ledge barely I 5 centimetres wide.

a specially adapted piece of gear that is available to participants?
the type of people who pioneered the sport?
the aim of each canyoning expedition?
C
['qr-l In the early days it was very much a voyage of discovery, with pioneering canyonrers seeking
out inlerestinglooking gorges and sirnply going for it to see if there was a navigable route from
top to bottom. Since then, however, many of those gorges have been opened up by professional
rqn guidcs who have established safer, but still exciting, routes and have also equipped the rocks with
climbing bolts, hooks and rings to which visiting canyoneers can rope up. Typical of the type ol'
peopie who are becoming hooked on the sport is Christine Pasquieq who works in the luxury
goods industry. "When I started about l5 years ago it ditln't have a name and it wasn,t regarded
r5nrt--l as a sport," she says. "It just involved people walking through lairly shallow canyons, usually
without any protective clothirrg. About eight years ago, however, it really began to develop,

[il
particularly in lr-rance and Spain, where everyone now recognises the word.canyoning,".
professional guidance in obtaining the most appropriate equipment?
D
If the thought of sperrding an entire day getting exhausted and soaking wet and frightening
yoursell- silly appeals, the first step into canyoning is to get some expert training. Firms such as
Espace Evasion will not only guide you through some of Europe's most breathlakingly beautirul
canyons, they'll also provide you with all thc gear and teach you all the essentiàl roping, abseiling
antl descent techniques to get you started. If you're UK-bared, however, there are various
organisations that olfer the opportunity to have a go at canyoning and a similar activity callcd
gorgc walking, which is a drier version ol canyoning. In neither case will the experience be as
dramatic or thrilling as you will lìnd at a location such as Sierra de Guara in spain, but at least
you'll have a chance to discover that canyoning is not for you - or, more likely, that you think
it's sinrply gorgeous.

TEST 6 READING AND USE OF ENGLISH

RI:ADING AND USE OF ENGLISH TEST 6 t29
 Contenl You must include: 20 C The worst aspect ofthe job is that the casting stage 22 choice (verb to noun) 46 A I didn't realise l'd lnd the law so dryl I was
. brief information about cunent facilitìes with isastrcss{ul tme 23 requrrements (verò to plural noun) incredibly nave to think that initial feeling would
reasons why they should be extended.
P*t4 24 unforgettable (vert to adjeaive) change
. recommendations for ways of extending and
2I B I was stuck in a tralfìc jam, running late for an
Part 4 Part 8: Gorge yourself
improving them, with reasons why these would
be beneficial for all students. appointment with a patient. 25 is Leo's skill as a (inversion with such) 47 D ln neither case will the experience be as dramatic
. a conclusron supporting your mdin 22 D But thanks to the runaway success ofthe band l'm 26 was at a oss to e,p'a n tfr,ed erp,ession mean,ng orthrilÌing,..
recommendations. rn,l've been able to rndu.ge my passion couldn't) 48 D and teach you all the essential rcping, abseiling and
23 H I started after I got fed up with being squashed like 27 injury put paìd to (phrasal ved:) descent techniques to get you started
a sardine in the tram. 28 highly likely that the/this film will (fìxed expression hlgh/y 498 Even though going on mighi involve an abseil down
24 A My present car was hand-built by craftsmen. No like/y replacing stonds o good chonce) a sheer rock face or a seemingly interminable creep
two were ever exactly the same. 29 let alone cook around a ledge barely l5 centimetres wide.
25 C I got into it when I was a starving law student and a 30 get those broken rooftiles repalred (passive) 50 C and have also equipped the rocks with climbing
car was beyond my means, bolts, hooks and rings to which vrsiting can/oneers
I B but at the time I was just thinking that thìs wasn't
26 G but I couldn't fit in as many home visits without it,
Part 5: All the world's her stage
can roPe uP.
the way my career was meant to be going,
27 E lYyfathers vlewwasthat partolthefun of running 3 I B Given the limitless opportunities available in our 5 I C particularly in Fmnce and Spain, where everyone
2 A No,though I nill get a bit pigeonholed as the pretty
old cars was getting them working. lt's nice to think complex society, the notion of pursuing one career now recognises the word'canyoning'.
soap sta6 and nine times out often when I get sent
hed be proud of me seems a bit pedestrian. 52 C pioneering canyoneers seeking out interesting-
scnpts I can guess which palt they want me to play
28 D This type ofcycling's very invigorating. lt's healthy 32 D Antonia is the consummate Renaissance woman looking gorges and simply going for it to see if there
- so I go for that tenth one every time! and really sets me up for dealing wìth diftìcult ... The key distinction between the Renaissance was a navigable route fionì top to bottom.
3 B Woman: So sometimes you put back a few of the situations woman and the slasher is devotion to one's pursuits. 53 B a perforated canyonrng backpack designed to let
'ums' and'ers' and pauses.
29 H lwish l'd lived in the early 20th century 33 C All my collections were always about crcating a out all the weighty water that accumulates on the
Man:That's right,
30 C ln my job, punctuality's important,The morc weight mood and an atmosphere and a chamcter way down.
4 C Woman:When I started out, people had really and power you have, the easier it is to gel free of 34 B She moved to Dublin in her mid-teens but didn't 54 A a few fearless thrill-seekers in France and Spain
fìxed ideas about what made a good radio voice - the lrafiìc find the school syllabus particularly absod:ing. 55 B canyoning basically involves making your way to the
and I didn't have one - or so I was told - and that
35 D I very much fell rnto television, into comedy, top of an extrcmely long and high gorge and then
ld never mak-- a radio pedormenThat's why I went
36 A charmingly childlike . .. She's happy to play up this traversing your way down to the bottom by the
into editing.
image .. . affecting a girlish blitheness best means possible .,,
Man: Just goes to show how things have moved on,
doesn't it? Part 6 56D they'll also provide you with all the gear
Part l: A question of safety
5A I need your 500 words by the 3fth.
37 A lnnovation is indeed a hottopic just nowand atthis
6A but I didn't go looking for development or prgects I B Only the answer can be followed by with.
event it was thoroughly dissected from a vanety of
- that wasn't my briet 2 C Only the answer makes full sense in the context.
angles by some accomplished speakers.
Part 2: Clumsiness
3 B Only the answer can be followed by wrth.
38 B Of the formal sessions, none came close to
4 A A fixed expression with p/oce. Part I
matching the energy and originality of some of
7 intelligence 5 A The other words dont collocate with reosonoble
those I heard at last years evenl, when the focus Question I (essay)
8 biography 6 D The other words cannot be followed by to.
was on disruptive technology. Styier Use an essay format and formal language.
9 rivers and lakes/lakes and rivers. 7 B Only lhe answer completes the fixed phrase,
39 D To my mind,there was also a bittoo much input on Paragraphs should be clearly divided and there
l0 agility 8 C Only the answer makes sense in the context.
the packed programme. l'd have apprec ated more should be a clear introduction, and conclusion
II frustrated.
Part 2: The hamster's body clock time for interacting wth the other participants and which gives your opinion. ldeas and points should
l2 little accidents
Betting to know a few people. be linked with connectors and linking words and
l3 (shoe/trainer) lace 9 which/that (relative pronoun, intrcduces a clause)
40 A You couldn't fault the refleshments, howeven your argument should be clear throughout, Use the
l4 motor skills l0 from (preposition,from,.,.to)
opinions given to help formulate your ideas.
II the (dennite article. fixed expression) Part 7: Life choices
Part 3 Contenl You must discuss two ofthe role models and
l2 According (linker: collocates with 'to')
4 I B /t refers back to Her frst book explain which kind ol role model is most imPoftant
l5 D intuitjon is the essential quaiity forthe job l3 when (time word, introduces a clause) 42 G it didn't come os eosiiy os the others refers to you're to young people.You should include examples and
I6 B if you have a comedian, you have to cast a particular l4 By (preposition, introduces a clause)
very eosily distrocted. lt took a long time to frnd my evidence to support your ideas
type of person against them. And it's also about I 5 how (determiner gives the idea of degree)
rhythm og1in.
energy: if one person has quite a low-energy (yle, I 6 lf (linker; introduces a conditional clause)
43 C Wisdom is about realising what works for you, and
Part 2
then you need someone opposite them to ge
Part 3: lntrepid travel she hasn't looked back. lt's as if I suddenly saw the Question 2 (report)
them up a bit.
light Style: Be formal, using suitable headings for a rePort.You
l7 C lf I like an acton I'll meet them, or go to see them 17 beaten (verb to adlective)
44 F came to
specialise in banking lawThat department can use bullet points for the recommendations
in a play.Then they go to meet the director who l8 flexibllity (adjective 1o noun)
appealed because she llked the amusing people section, but remember to use a range of language
makes the final seleci on from my short list. I9 nteraction (verb to noun)
there ... at the end oflhe day you had to go back so don't make them too simple, and use connectors
18 C met someone there who thought ld be good at it 20 combination (veò to noun)
to your desk and look at those rows oI lìgures to link them to your reasons. lnclude a rounding-off
l9 A We are all able to do somethrng successlully, and I 2 I pleasures (verb 1o noun)
think it's a shame if you don't achieve that
45 E The rietorical question leads in to the next
paragraph.
ANSWER KFY ANSWER KEY 203

il
 sentence which supports your recommendations
and gives evidence for why your rccommendations
should be adopted.
Contenti You cou d include lnformation on:
.rcasons for the lack of success: the openìng
hours/noise/comfort, etc,
.
rccommendations - longer hours, food, morc
books, teachers there to give help, etc.
Question 3 (review)
Style: Be semiformal to informal.The purpose of the
review is to give your opinion and also useful
information about the game.You need to use the
language ol description, explanation and evaluation.
Use clear paragmphs with an rntroduction,
description/nanative, evaluation and conclusion
Rememberthat you need to be ciear about how
useful you think it is for people ofdiflerent ages.
Contenr You must tnclude:
. a short description ofthe game.
. an evaluation ofhow easy it is to play.
. reasons why you would or would not
recommend it for players of all ages.
Question 4 (proposal)
Style: Be formal, as this is a proposal. Use a proposal
format, with headings. Divide the points clearly
into paragraphs, and ifyou use bullet points or
numbering, remember to use a range of language.
Baiance your proposal carefully and spend more
time on the recommendations and reasons than on 17
the information about the current situation.
Content You must include:
. brief information about current situation.
. recommendations for activities the club could t8
provide with reasons why these would attract
new members
. suggestions for any other ways of attracting t9
new members, e.g, discount membership.
. a conclusion supporling your marn
recommendations.
20 C
Part I developing more quickly and lÌhink the images are
I A Woman: lt's atmospheric music, kind of nostalgjc in
Part 4
places, which rs odd glven that they're really young
this band - it rcminds me of sort of 1970's film noìr 2l E
- r[ you know what I mear.
Man: I do know what you mean, but whilst I agr.ee 22 C
that it creates a certain atmosphere . .
.
2 C that sort of sultry late night sound on stage it,s
the sort ofthing that might not sound the same in
broad daylight.
ANSWER KEY
3 B But striking the balance between functionality and
domesticity is still the key to creating the pedect
home oflìce space,
4 A The functional trestle, whether in wood or steel, is
therefore a must. lt prcvides simple support and
allows you to move freely around
5 B An excellent feature ofthe city, though, is that it's
not that good for shopping.
6 C you do have to be carefult the streets are a maze
Part 2: Antarctica
7 501flfty
8 expensìve
9 l'1ac City
l0 support staff
II huts
I2 glaciers/islands
I3 airstrip
l4 (properly) regulated
Part 3
l5 D I feel energised by drawing a living, breathing thing.
When l'm drawrng down by the river I much preler
rt when there's something going on, a ship's docking
or the cranes are moving. lt's easier to feel involved,
part ofthe action. lYy paintings are all about lile and
movement
l6 A I'm actuallyquite resistanttothe ideaofmoving
into abstract art
C I then takethem home and work on them and
play about with them until I get an ldea ofhow a
finished drawing might look.The drawings often take
the form of composite images actuaily.
C But it was beginning to get me down because
although it wasn't lhat far away in terms of miles, it
was a stressful journey to get oveT there.
B I noticed an easel in an upstairs window in one of
the houses on the other side of the road where I
I ve . . . there was one of those eurcka moments,
you know
Working there has had a real impact on my work,
I think its got a lot to do with the fact that I can
come in and work in short bursts - one ofthe
eflects ofthat has been that the work has been
sharper as a result.
ln the end, because l'd brought my board with me,
decided ld better use it.
I
I booked a weekend course at the equestrian
centre because ld heard that the staff there were
really patient with beginners, and l'd never ridden
before.
234 Once you're offthe beaten track , ,. gu des have got 2 I detection (veò to noun)
the routes really well worked out. 22 analyses (noun to verb)
748 the people in charge got quite angry with them. 23 unknown (ved) 10 negative adjective)
I think it was meant to be encouraging, but I felt 24 nvis ble (adjeciive to negative adlective)
sorry for one woman
Part 4
2sG I was amazed to fìnd that I was charged for dr nks
with the meal, wher€as my new fi^iend wasn't. 25 was prevented from playlng (active to passive form)
26 H As it turned out, because ofthe way the options 26 did not eat while you are (l'd rother + past tense)
worked, you had to choose either activlties on the 27 me rs how confidently (cleft sentence + adverbial
lake or something on dry land - you couldn't mix phrase)
and match. 28 been a big fall in the (verb phrase to noun phrase)
27 F didn't make friends with the others on the
Sadly. I 29 comes fairly easily to (adjedtival phrase to adverbial
course - I tried, but they didn't seem interested, phrase)
28 E the only downside was the singing round the 30 a combìnation of flexbility and (fìxed phrase + abstract
campfirc before turninS in at night - I could've done noun)
w,Lhout that to be horesL
Part 5: The Egg Chair
29 H I managed to get to the top ofthe cliffthat was my
I I A For decades, the unmistakable swivel-seats have
challenge without too much dilllculty.
30 B another angler lt's a solltary sport, so a bit of like- brightened up fashionable interiors all over the
minded company in the evening's welcome after a world
day sltting by the lake. 32 B Compared unl<indly by critics to a'glass cigarbox'
33 A lt's really organic, and stems fiom nature: it looks like
a broken shell that a little chick has just run out o[
34 C the EggChairtookawhiletocatch on,and initial
saleswere disappoinlrng.
Part l: Expedition health 35 B Srnce thel, ll^e'e h.ve bee' ro ... genuire
improvements ìn what a modern chaìr might be.
I C Only the answer can follow the prepositìon ot. 36 D We've never come across an imitation purporting
2 B Orrly the answer collocates with bolonce. to be an Egg Charrthat we couldn't spot at a glance.
3 A Only the answer fìts the contexl
4 C Only the answer fits the contexl. Part 6
5 A The answer is the correct linking phrase in this 37 B Each meal takes place in a different capital and
sentence. Belmont's sparkling prose brings each location
6 A The Òther words don't collocate with the vividlyto ife in a few brief sentences
temptotion. 38 A Reproducing the actual recipes is a brave move -
7 D ln this context, only the answer can be followed by but in reality, who would turn to a book of short
from. stories for tips on lasagne making?
8 C Ihe arswer complete. lhe comaon e.p'essioò 39 C which works well in reinforcing Belmont's underlying
with the ef&ct o[ message that makrng and sharing food rs the key
to family relationships the world over
Part 2: The written word and the camera
40 A Sadly howeve[ the main players ìn each ofthe
9 what (determiner introduces a clause) dinner-table dramas which unfold are curiousiy
I0 out (preposition, part of a phrasal verb) lack ng in empathy, making it hard for the reader to
I I one/anolher (prcnoun) turn to each successive episode with enthusiasm.
l2 would (modal auxiliary, used to express habit in the
past) Part 7: Dont fear the beaver
l3 (Al)Though (linke6 sets up a contrast) 4l F Link between their reputotion for eco'destruction and
l4 Together/Along (adverb, part ofa Iìxed expression) such opposition, and belween doms and hydrologicol
5 up (preposition, part ofthe phrasal verb)
I eng/neering l
l6 into (preposition, part ofthe phrasal verb) 42 E Link between]omes Eyers and he exploins
Part 3: Hidden depths 43 B Lnkbetween castor ftber and Costor Conadensis
and both species and between re-estob/ished and
I7 settlements (verb to plural noun) reintraduction
8
apparcnt (verb to adjective)
I 44 A Link between set uP home and when they choose
19 enabled (adjective to veò)
20 Happ ly (adjective to adverb)
large rivers flor this and between these structures and
learn to live wilh them
ANSWER KEY
T
+l
45 G Lrnk between lhe permonent /eoks and onother
device
46 D Link between the best woy to study omphibion
populotions and it could be o similor story
Part 8: New directions
47 B My luc§ break came when a friend managed to get
me a cheap advert in an upmarket glossy magazine.
48 A I did a bit of discreet networking, asking some
business contacts if they'd use me if I set myself up
a5 one.
49 C spent a weekend in town handing them (flyers) out
and texting everyone I knew. lnitially there wasn't
much interest
50 D I started up through necessity - I was made
redundant from my accountancy job, and couldn't
get another:
5r A I'd worked for years in marketing, and had an MBA
degree, yet never seemed to be in the running for a
more senior position, which was frustrating.
52 B I was a complete novice in the fashion world,
53 C I made up some flyers on my computer:
54 B consultant but my heart wasn't in it.
55 D Word spread among the alternative therapy
community and I got more work than I could cope
with.
564 It still took me a year to summon up the courage to
quit my job and go for it,
Part I . any problems, e.g. not being given enough
Questions I (essay)
Sty/e; Use an essay format and formal language.
Paragraphs should be clearly divided and there
should be a clear introduqtion, and conclusion
which gives your opinion. ldeas and poìnG should
be linked with connectors and linking words and
your argument should be easy to follow throughout.
Use the opinions given to help formulate your ideas,
and make your own opinion clear in the conclusion.
Content You must discuss two of the ìdeas about the
importance of the ar1s, and explain which one
is most important in modern society.You should
include examples and evidence to supporl your
ideas.
Parc2
Question 2 (review)
Sty/e; Be semi-formal to informal.The purpose of the
review is to give your opinion and also
useful information for resìdents about the cinema
complex.You need to use the language of
ANSWER KEY
description, explanation and evaluation. Use clear
paragraphs with an ntroduction, descri ption,
i
evaluation and conclusion.
Content You must include:
. a short description of cinema complex.
. an evaluation of how good or bad it is,
. whether anything needs to be done to improve
it, e.g, cheaper parking.
. whether you would recommend seerng films
there.
Question 3 (email)
Style: Be informal, because this is to a friend.You can
include informal or idiomatic language, but
rememberto use good grammar and a range
of struclures,You should include appropriate
conventrons of emails such as greeting, and separate
your points into paragraphs.
Content You should answer all the questions your friend has
asked, and give extra detail to support your ideas.
You should include:
. rnformation on the situation in your own town.
. disadvantages of huge centres, e.g. effect on
small town centre shops.
. comparison with online shopping.
Question 4 (report)
Sty/e: Be formal, with suitable headings for a report.
You can use bullet points for the problems or
recommendations, but use connectors to link them
to your reasons. Remember you should try to use a
range of language.
Content You could include information on:
. what you did during the work experience.
responsib;lity,
. recommendations for the future, e.g. shadowing
a particular person.
Part I
I A Man: h didn't seem to have much plot really.
Woman: Not reall;z
2 A I reckon a lot was lost in translation, as they say
3 C He was considerate enough to wait until the end of
their trip to tell her
4 B I was ahead of my time; the market wasn't ready
for the filtered,apple-juice products l'd developed
and everything is timing in business. l'd completely
misread the speed at which the market for such
drink was growing,
5 C And it struck a chord with me because what it was
saying is that, and it's probably obvious but it really
got me thinking