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Time: 3 Hours
References:
By the end of this lesson you should be able to
understand and to:
Recall Basic Lift Augmentation
Recall Trailing Edge Flaps
Recall Types Of Trailing Edge Flaps
Recall Comparison of Different Types of trailing Edge Flaps
Recall The Effect of Trailing Edge Flaps on the Stalling Angle
Recall The Effect of Trailing Edge Flaps on the Stall Speed
Recall The Operation Of Trailing Edge Flaps
Recall The Use Of Trailing Edge Flaps For Take-Off
Recall The Effect of Raising The Trailing Edge Flaps
Recall The Effect of Raising The Flaps In Flight
Recall The Use Of trailing Edge Flaps During The Approach and Landing
Recall High Lift Devices On Transport Category Aircraft
Recall Leading Edge High Lift Devices
Recall The Effect Of Leading Edge Flaps On The Stalling Angle
Recall The Operation of High Lift Devices On Transport Category Aircraft
Recall The Protection Of High Lift Devices On Transport Category Aircraft
Scheme of Presentation
1. Purpose of High Lift Devices
2. Flaps
A. Trailing Edge Flaps
- Plain Flaps
- Split Flaps
- Slotted and Multiple Slotted Flaps
- Fowler Flaps
- Comparison of Trailing Edge flaps
- Cl max and stalling angles
- Drag, Lift/Drag Ratio
- Pitching and centre of pressure moment
- Change of Downwash
- Overall Pitch change
- Aircraft Attitude with Flaps Lowered
B. Leading Edge High Lift Devices
- Leading Edge Flaps
Scheme of Presentation(Contd.)
- Kruger Flaps
- Variable Camber Leading Edge Flaps
- Effects of Leading Edge Flaps on Lift
- Leading Edge Slots/Slats
- Automatic Slots
- Disadvantages of Slots
- Drag and Pitching moment
3. Trailing + Leading Edge Devices together
- Sequence of Operation
4. Asymmetry of High Lift Devices
5. Flaps Load Relief System
6. Choice of Flaps setting for take off and climb
7. Management of High Lift Devices
- Flaps retraction after take off
- Flaps extension before landing
8 . Summary/Question?
Purpose of High Lift Devices
To Reduce take off and landing distance
Reduction in Stalling Speeds
Lift Augmentation by increase in camber and related
aspects
Flaps – A hinged portion of leading of traling edge of the
wing.
Low speed a/c– Trailing edge, High Speed a/c – Leading
and trailing
Trailing Edge Flaps
1. Plain Flaps
Simple Construction
Good increase in Cl max
High Drag, Mainly used on low speed aircrafts
Cl max and Stalling Angle
They give better efficiency than Kruger Flaps by giving better leading edge
profile.
Thus, to promote root stall first, Kruger flaps are used inboard and variable
camber flaps are used outboard.
Effect of Leading edge Flaps on Lift
Leading Edge Slot
Disadvantages of a Slat/Slot
Much higher angle of attack is required to benefit from the increased Cl max by
the use of slat/slot. Visibility could hamper by increased nose up pitch and
landing could be difficult.
Compare to trailing edge devices, the drag and pitching moment is small.
Trailing Edge + Leading Edge
Devices
Most large aircraft employ both
Sequence of Operation