AN AIRBORNE MULTIMODE RADAR DISPLAY PROCESSOR

John Felsman and Joseph W. lanniello

Norden Systems, Inc.

P.O. Box 5300
Norwalk, CT 06856

ABSTRACT Pian Position Indicator (PPI) Ground Map Mode

Modem tactical, multimode airborne radar systems develop Figure I illustratesa typical Plan Position Indicatordisplay for
forward looking land and sea images for mapping and weapon groundmap modes. The display portrays a map image of the ground
delivery, and providearepresentationof otheraircraftin surrounding being scanned by the radar. The display can be divided into three
airspace for air combat. A large quantity of information must be major components, display markers and symbology, active radar
presented to the pilot and other onboard personnel in a real-time, video, and scrolled video. The display markers consist of various
accurate,andclearpresentation.A ProgrammableSignal Processor cursor indications, range marks,and reference lines. These markers
(PSP) performs the processing to detect targets and develop map provide reference indications for the radar video. Radar video is
images; however, these systems.include a specialized hardware presented in two distinct regions on the display. The area in the
unit, the Display Processor Unit (DPU), as an adjunct to the PSP to active PPI sector receives dynamically updated radar video. The
format the information into images for presentation on a TV like area below the active PPI sector contains previously scanned radar
display monitor. The DPU also displays special symbols and alpha- video which, because of the aircraftmotion, has 'scrolled" below the
numeric information which may be provided from other aircraft active PPI sector. The scrolled video allows the pilot to maintain a
systems. reference to the previously scanned image and enables a display
presentation when the radar is not transmitting.
This paper describes a DPU that develops display images for
a multimode airborne radar system. The DPU described has a
unique feature that allows display updates for a periodof time when
the radar is not transmitting. Once the radar image is formed, the EXTENSION RANGE AZIMUTH
information provided by the avionics system can reposition the LINE .SCAN MARKERS MARKERS
display image. in this modethe aircraft is less vulnerable to detection CENTER (EVERY (EVERY30
CURSOR
by electronic counter measures.This feature also providesa signifi-
cant improvement in display clarity during normal operation.
The multimode airborne radar display modes, the equipment
that generates the displays, and the technology used are also
described.
TACTICAL AIRBORNE DISPLAY MODES
A modem multimode airborne radar system supports all as-
pects of the aircraft mission, including:
I 7
a. Navigation modes that help find the route to and from the
targeted area.
b. Terrain clearance and terrain avoidance modes that en-
able the aircraft to safely fly at low altitudes to avoid
detection by ground based radars.
C. High resolution air-to-ground modes that enable identifi-
cation of buildings and moving vehicles.
d. Weapon delivery modes that guide ordnance to targets.
e. Air combat modes for defense against other aircraft.
PPI RANGE.
f. Air-to-sea modes that enable ship detection and identifi- 160 NMI
cation. ACTIVEPPI IMAGERY
SECTOR
These modesrequiredifferentprocessingand presentationsof
the radar returns to support the pilot and onboard personnel in the
mission. The various display presentations are described herein. -
Figure 1. Navigation Display Depressed Center PPI Origin

367
CH3030-4/91/OOOO-0367 $1.OO 0 1991 IEEE
~
 AZIMUTH 360 DEGREE CROSS RANGE
AZCURSOR MARKER SCAN RANGE MARKERS CURSOR RANGE MARKERS
EXTENSION (EVERY30 CENTER (EVERY EXTENSION MARKERS EVERY
LINE DEGREES) A M CURSOR 50NMI) LINES EVERY 10 NMI 10 NMI

\
~.
8 RANGE SCALE: 40 NMI STORED
/ PPIRANGE
160 NMI
F SCAN ANGLE: 26.7 DEGREES
CURSOR: 90 NW+QDEGREES
IMAGERY
SCROLLED FIXED 120
I IMAGERY DEGREE

f ACTIVE PPI
SECTOR
Figure 3. Magnlfled PPI Display

-
Figure 2. Navigation Display Centered PPI Orlgin DARKEST 3RD CONTOUR
HORIZON SHADE (8) SELECTABLY
LINE (10 NMI) CODED
Figure 2, Navigation Display with PPI origin centered. en-
hances the general navigationalview of the radar. The apex of the \ -AZIMUTH
I I
active scan has been movedto the center of the display. The display
markersare extended to include the additional viewing area and the
scrolled region at the bottom half of the display.
Figure 3 presentsan additional refinement in the PPI display.
The image has been magnifiedto display detailed targeting infor-
mation. The PPI apex has moved below the displayed portion of the
monitor,butthe three basicdisplayelementsremain. Markersdefine
the target, the radarcontinues to display active radar video data, and
the scrolledvideo regions are smaller but continue to provide useful
reference information.
Terrain Avoidance/Terraln Clearance (TAITC) Modes
The Terrain Clearance Display represented in Figure 4 allows
the pilot to fly at low altitudes avoiding both radar detection and
ground obstacles. The display is implemented with the horizontal
axis correspondingto the azimuth field of view forward of the aircraft
and the vertical axis corresponding to the elevation angle of the
terrain as viewed by an observer on the ground. The pilot views the 1STCONTOUR BUCK RANGE LIGHTEST
image as a set of contours that correspond to the ground elevation PERMANENTLY RADAR HIGHLIGHT SHADE (1)
at discrete ranges. Each range contour is assigned a gray scale CODED (0.5 NMI) ALTITUDE BARS (0.5 NMI)
value. Additional range highlightingemphasizesthe most important CONTOUR
ranges. The altitude contour and horizon line allow the pilot to
reference the aircraft to the display.
Figure 4. Terraln Clearance Display
Terrain Clearance PPI (TCPPI) Mode
The TCPPI mode has the appearance of the standard PPI to 200 feet only those returns in the field of view that are in the region
shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 except that the video displayed is only between the aircraft and 200 feet below the aircraft are displayed.
those returns that extend above a 'clearance plane"over which the This enables the pilot to avoid obstacles and safely maneuver the
pilot wishes to fly. For example, if the pilot sets the clearance plane aircraft at low altitudes.

368

Figure 5. HRGWGMTI Display SAR with Overlay of
Detected Moving Targets
High Resolution Ground Map and Moving Target indication
(HRGM/GMTI) Mode
Figure 5 illustrates a HRGWGMTI mode. Synthetic Aperture
Radar (SAR) processing is used to develop a high resolution map as
a background display with an overlay of detected moving targets.
The SAR processing provides a high resolution image of the field of
view, while accurately positioning movingtargets on the map image.
The azimuth and range resolution of the background map are such
that roads, rivers, coastlines, railroads, buildings, etc. can be dearly
identified. The MTI overlay displays movingvehicles-both fastand
slow movers. Both the azimuth (horizontal) and range (vertical)
coordinates are distances measured in tens of feet. The image
presentedis a spot lightedarea not directly forward of the aircraftbut
atan azimuth positionwith its Center between 15 to 65 degrees of the
flight path.
Air Combat Modes
Similar to the Ground Map PPI displays, the Air Surveillance
display presents data using the PPI format. The marker functions
and names have changed, but remain essentially the same. Figure
6 summarizes the details.
TheAirborne Targeting Display, Figure 7, mapstheradarvideo
onto a format where both range and azimuth map into Cartesian
coordinates. Azimuth, in degrees, is expressed along the bottom of
the display, and range is expressed vertically. Various markers and
cursers allow target referencing.
Air-to-Sea (A-scan) Modes
The purposeof this mode is to image ships for identification by
the pilot or other onboard personnel. The radar processing is
designated Inverse SAR (ISAR) and uses the motion of the ship
being targeted to develop a high resolution image. The display
generator provides a split screen to enable the operator to display
stored images of ships to allow identification. Either image can also
be displayed on the full screen. The operator is able to freeze the
radar image to aid in identification. Figure 8 illustrates a typical
ASCAN scene.
DiSPLAY GENERATOR ARCHITECTURE
The display generator has two primary functions; conversionof
the radar image data from the radar scan rate and format to a rate
compatiblewithflicker free presentationon aTVtypedisplaymonitor
andthepresentationof symbolsonthedisplay. Thissection describes
the architecture of a twochannel implementation of a prototype
DPU. The next sectiondescribes operation of the elements that are
used to implement the DPU.
369
OPENING CIRCULAR
AZIMUTH TARGET MLOUM
Az ACTlVE PPI RANGE
EXTENSION SECTOR MARKERS
UNE EVERY
(50 NMI)
g PPI RANGE: 160 NMI
PPI SCAN ANGLE: 80 DEGREES
f (SELECTABLE:120.80,40 DEGREES)
Figure 6. Airborne Surveillance Display
(Depressed Center PPI)
The DPU is implemented in three basic sections, as illustrated
in Figure 9. The Interface Section processes and distributes the
basic radar video and control. Two identicalsections implement the
video memory subsystem. One section is dedicatedto channel one
and the other dedicated to channel two. The final section indudes
many of the miscellaneousfunctions such as the symbol memories,
ASCAN and TC display generation, and video mixing and timing.
Partitioningthe system in this mannerreducesthe design tothe
fewest number of unique modules and provides a degree of fault
tolerance. Criticaldisplay modes operating ina failedchannelcan be
switched over to the remaining channel.
The allocation of module interconnecting data paths in the
system further increases the flexibility and reliability of the Display
Processor. Separating the control paths from the radar video data
paths reduces the speaal control requiredto manage multiplexing
these functions. In addition, control messages can be sent to the
moduleswithout intempting thedataflow. Reliability isenhancedby
reducing the number of interconnects between modules.
The outputs from the video memory modules are routedto the
video mixer module. Depending on the operating modes, either
channel can be displayed on one or both of the video output
channels,mixedwiththeothervideo sourcesforsplitscreendisplays,
or blanked for self-test operations.
DISPLAY GENERATOR IMPLEMENTATiON
This section contains a detailed description of the operation of
the elements of a display processor. Figure 10 shows a block
diagram of these elements.
 ADL
A \
ZERO VELOCITY
RELATIVE\ BAND
VELOCITY (87 PIXELS)
<
I WENING
TARGET I CLO~ING
TARGET

ELEVATION
MARKERS

DEGREES)
(10 wk ELEVATION SCAN
SECTOR INDICATORS
I
RANGE
MARKERS
(25HI)
B-SCAN
RANGE
SCALE
(400
PIXELS)

I I I I Il i
' , a
EXTENSION
LINE /
-60" 0" +60"
B-SCAN RANGE: 80 NMI
\ /

f B-SCAN AZIMUTH SCALE

(120 DEGREE FIXED)
512 PIXELS

Figure 7. Airborne Targeting Display

RANGE/ Image data is receivedfrom the radar signal processor and is

DOPPLER RANGE ultimately stored in the appropriate video refresh memorywhere it is
POSITIONABLE DYNAMIC MARKERS scanned at a 30-Hertz frame rate and mixed with other video and
TRACKING ISARIMAGE EVERY symbols for presentation on a TV type display monitor.
LINE 200x512 200-
Symbols consist of an alphanumeric character set and special
symbols to indicate aircraft attitude and target position and velodty.
Data from both the radar data and symbol memories are mixed,
converted to analog waveforms, and sent to the display monitor.The
mmicular monitor usedhas a resolutionof 488vertical elementsand
512 horizontal elements. The analcg video sent to the display
monitorcontainshorizontaland verticarsynchronizationandblanking
signals and conforms to a standard EIA RS 170 video format.
The processing of much of the radar image data and the
computationof the aircraft attitude and target positionand velocity is
done in the PSP. The total system and the PSP are described in
references (I) and (2). Each of the blocks that comprise the DPU in
Figure 10 is describedin the following subsections.
Input interface
The signal processor sends both control and video data to the
DPU. Controlmessagesareroutedtothebuilt-intest(BIT)processor
for further interpretation. Data is presented to the other modules.
Logic programmed in each module selects the data based on

r
destination codes includedin the data.
The BIT processor interprets the control data, and at timed
/ / RANGESCALE:
intervals, duringvertical blanking, sends specific control information
to the modules.
p INTENSFIED A-SCANRASTER 4000n
RANGE CELL OR FROZEN ISAR In addition to controlling the input data, the interface module
1 (TRACKINGPT) IMAGE 200 X 512 controls the flow of data returning to the signal processor. Data is
channels* and 'IT processor
Figure 8. Air-To- Mode with Split Screen Presentation ~ ~ the lwo ~ { ~ s
(ASCAN)

370
 CHANNEL 1
PROCESSED INERTIALREF MEMORY
ROTATIONCALCULATOR

F DISPLAY REF MEMORY

SCAN TO SCAN RAM
BRIGHTNESSXFER RAM
HOLE FILL CONTROL
I I
I IROTATION
CONTROL COORDINATES
VIDEO
SIGNAL
PROCESSOR RS170

INPUT CONTROL VIDEO GENERATOR

I INTERFACE SECTION SYMBOL MEMORY
I TCIA-SCAN GEN
OUTPUT BtTEPROCESM DATA VIDEO MIXING CHANNEL 2
/s APEX OVERWRITE LOGIC DISPLAY TIMING
\ WA CONVERSION

/\
72
CONTROL DATA ROTATION

L
PROCESSED
ID
' Eo
VIDEO MEMORY SUBSYSTEM
CHANNEL 2
-
- COORDINATES

RADAR VlDEWTl

f I
Figure 9. Display Processor Architecture

DIGITAL ANALOG
VIDEO AND VIDEO MIXER
CONTROL
DATA INPUT
AND WA
CONVERTER
>E::
OUTPUT

DATA 4
r,
SYMBOL
MEMORY
-
-
STATUS
BIT/
CONTROL
- CONTROL
DISPLAY
TIMING L
PROCESSOR
U
Figure 10. Display Processor Functional Design

371

INERTIAL REFERENCE
MEMORY
__
--
(1KBY 1K)
I I
FROM DISPLAY
i TIMING
ROTATION
8 1 CALCULATOR
t
Figure 11. Video Memory Subsystem
Built-in test is also scheduled by the BIT processor. The
purpose of the testing is to detect and isolate DPU failures.
Apex Overwrite Loglc
The Apex Overwrite Logic (APO) solves the problem of how to
write only the largest data value at points close to the apex of the PPI
display. When data is written to the DPU to form the PPI display it is
written as strokes of video radiating from the apex of the PPI. Since
the data addresses have been converted from polar to rectangular
coordinates, locations close to the apex will be written more than
once. The APO Logic screens the data to ensurea smaller amplitude
does not overwrite a larger amplitude at a particular address.
Video Memories
The Video Memories contain 3 distinct groups of memory and
several groups of logic to process the data in the memories. Figure
11shows thegeneral relationshipbetweenthe sections of the Video
Memory.
The Apex Overwrite Logic is one of the inputs to the Video
Memory. It supplies data with unique addresses to the Inertial
Reference Memory (IRM). But, before the datais written to the IRM,
the scan-to-scanintegratorcombinesthe new video data with the old
data stored in the IRM. Several different algorithms can be used to
combine this data; induding:
a. Peak Defection - The larger of the new or previously
written data is written to the IRM.
b. video lnfegratim- The new data is added to a fraction of
the old data and written into the IRM.
c. Pass Through - The new data is unconditionally written
into the IRM.
As the aircraft moves, the relative location of the apex for the
PPI also moves to higher IRM addresses. The IRM then contains a
history of radar video. This enables the update of the display with
372
HOLE FLAG
VIDEO (8)
TO
I
HOLE FILL
VIDEO
BTF
VIDEO
I
TO TERRAIN
CLEARANCE GENERATOR
historical data between radar data updates or when the radar is not
transmitting as described below.
Periodically, a single frame of data moves from the IRM to the
Display Refresh Memory (DRM), Figure 11. The selected data
correspondsto the currentaircraft heading and position. Eventually,
as the aircraft movesthe radarvideoaddressesreachthe boundaries
of the IRM. Before the boundary is exceeded, the IRM is refreshed
with the current Display Refresh Memory image. The data is trans-
ferred pixel by pixel to the IRM origin - that is, to the original apex
location so the process can begin again. This process continuously
repeatsduring the radar's operation providingthe pilot with aground
stabilized image with scrolled imagery.
Inertial Reference Memory (IRM). The Inertial Reference
Memoryuses a 1024by 1024by 9 bit memory to store receivedradar
video. The memory is large enough to store a ground stabilized
history of the video receivedby the DPU. Since the display monitor
hasaresolutionof512by488elements,the IRMstoresdataformore
than four times the area displayed. When the aircraft maneuvers
beyondthe regiondisplayed or when the radaris nottransmitting, the
IRMprovidesdatatomaintainacontinuousimage.Withoutthelarge
area storage of the IRM, the display would have to be blankeduntil
the radar updated the video.
Coordinate Rotation. The coordinate rotation function up-
dates the display between actual radar system updates. This pro-
vides a significant improvementin display darity by interpolatingthe
image position between radar updates using aircraft positionaldata
received from the avionics system. This eliminates jumps on the
display due to the relatively slow radar update rate and allows
information to be displayedthat is out of view of the radar antenna.
Thedetailsofthistechniquearedescribedinthefollowingparagraphs.
Every 1115th second, the IRM sends a complete frame of data
to the DRM. This is half the 30 Hertz display update rate. The rotation
calculatorselects the frame from the IRMandgeneratesthe translated
coordinatesas a function of aircraft headingand positioninformation
from the avionics Inertial Navigation System (INS).
 As data is readfrom the IRM, the addresses usedto access the
data are rotated to correspond to the addresses in the DRM. The
rotation calculator determines if the translated addresses lie within
the Display RefreshMemoryaddressrange. Dataaddressesoutside
the DRM address range are discarded.
The rotationcalculator is also used to rob and pitch the terrain
clearance display. In this implementation, the Display Memory
Addresses are rotatedand sent to the Terrain ClearanceGenerator.
Display Refresh Memory (DRM). The DRM receives radar
data that is ultimatelypresented on the screen of the video monitor.
Each locationstores a picture element (pixel)of data that is read out
at a 30 Hertz rate to provide a TV like flicker free presentation. Each
pixel contains several types of data that are blended (mixed) prior to
digital-to-analog conversion for the video monitor. The informationat
each pixel is stored in video planes. Radar map video occupies an
8-bit plane, and moving target indication(MTI) video a 1-bit plane.
Thus each of the 512 by 488 pixelelements that comprise the video
monitor contain 9 bits of information. The DRM is implemented as
two independent memory arrays. One array receives new radar
video,while theotherarrayrefreshesthevideodisplay.The functions
of the two arrays are reversedafter each complete update from the
IRM.
An additionalplane is indudedin the DRMthat is not displayed.
This plane allows the management of each pixel of the refresh
memory. Before data is written into the DRM, the data in this plane
is erased. As each pixel locationis written logic examinesthis plane
to determinethe correct function to be performed.A zero in this plane
allows the video plane to bewritten unconditionally;a one allows new
data only if the new data is larger than the old data. During display
refresh operation, the additional plane is scanned. If the plane
contains a zero logic level, the display generator can average, or
replicatedatafrom the previouspixeladdressed. Theexactoperation
- averaging, replicating, or transferring no data to the screen -
depends on the mode of operation.
Brightness Transfer Function
The brightness transfer function changesthe linear scale of the
input video to a nonlinear scale for presentation on the display
monitor. The most common transfer function implemented is a log
relationship. The actual transfer function implemented can be de-
pendent on mode. The implementation is done using two random
access memory look-up tables to provide programmableand con-
tinuous operation. The size of the table is small for any particular
transfer function since the video for mapping purposes is usually
limited to a dynamic range of 24 dB (4 binary bits).
Symbol Generation
Symbols are generated by developing line segments repre-
sentingthe symbolsto be displayed. The algorithms that are usedto
generate these segments can be executed either in a hardware
dedicated display generator element or in the PSP. The dedicated
approachgenerally uses amicroprocessorwhich receives a symbol
list from the PSP. The symbol list identifies the character to be
generatedandthe sizeandlocationof the character. Inthe prototype
DPU implementation the algorithms that generate the symbols are
executed in the PSP; therefore, the DPU symbol generator consists
of a memory to store the vectorized symbols and transfers them to
the monitor at the appropriate time. Four independent planes are
used to allow cursers, range marks, and other symbology to be
manipulated separately.
Terrain Clearance and A-scan Generators
The Terrain ClearanceandA-scanGeneratorscontain special-
ized hardware that allow a complex display to be generated from a
relatively simple data set. Both generators are similar but will be
described separately.
373
Terrain ClearanceGenerator. The TerrainClearanceDisplay
shown in Figure4 is mechanizedby displayingthe terrain elevation
angleforeightrangevaluesasafunctionofazimuthpositioninafield
of view forward of the aircraft. Symbols denoting the horizon line,
aircraftaltitude,andthevariousrangecontoursarealsodisplayedon
the screen. The display can be selectively off set and rotatedto track
the motion of the aircraft.
Comparators are used to generate the range contours. The
terrainelevation angle is computedby the PSPandtransferred to the
DPU at each radar antenna azimuth position for each of the eight
range increments to be displayed. As the display timing scans
through the horizontal(x) and vertical (y) display positions, a com-
parison is made with the stored elevation angles for each range
increment. Data is written on the display when the magnitudeof the
stored elevationangle exceeds the scaled x,y positionof the sweep
signals. A digital mixer circuit combines the results of these com-
parisonsaswell as the horizonline, altitudeline, andcontour shading
bars which are also developed as the timing signals sweep through
the various display x and y positions .
A-scan Generator. As shown in Figure8, the A-scan Genera-
tor provides displays for the ship classificationmodes of the multi-
mode radar system. This displayis alsodevelopedby comparingthe
amplitude of the data from the PSP that represents a profileof a ship
being illuminatedby the radar system with the scaled x and y timing
signals that represent the scanning of the display processor. The
data is presentedas amplitude in the vertical dimension and range
in the horizontaldimension. A split screen can be used to compare
the live display to stored ship images to enable target identification,
or each can be viewed on the full screen.
Video Mixlng. Video mixing is accomplished by logically
combining the various symbol, video data, timing, synchronization
and blanking signals prior to digital-to-analog(D/A) conversion for
presentation to the display monitor.
TECHNOLOGY
The prototype for the DPU is implemented using off-the-shelf
TTL logic devices, high speed memories, and some large scale
integration. All the devices use surface mount flat-pack or Leaded
Chip Carrier technology. Circuit cards are center core conductive
cooledwith the heat dissipatedat the side walls of the chassis. The
power supply is integralto the chassis. The entire package consists
of 6 unique (10 total) modulesof 2 surfaces each, mountedin anATR
style chassis. Total weight for the entire assembly is less than 60
pounds.
Fastl T L logicdeviceswerechosenprimarilyfor theiravailability
and low cost. Where the designwould tolerate lower speed devices,
some LSTTLwasalso used. Overallpowerconsumptionwas kept to
a minimum by using CMOS memory devices.
Careful layout of the circuit cards and backplane minimize
signal interaction.Data and controlfrom the PSP is isolatedfrom the
internal timing circuits to minimize the potential for cross-talk and
asynchronous signal interference. An overall clock distributionand
deskewing strategy was adopted to ensure a noiseless operating
environment.
FUTURE IMPLEMENTATIONS
A preliminary design was performedusing VHSIC level tech-
nology. Primary design goals included reductions in circuit cards,
reducedpower consumption,increasedperformance,and improved
reliability and maintainability. Table 1 compares the prototype and
VHSIC designs.
Considerable logic is used in the prototypeDPU to control the
memory arrays and implementthe data paths. Much of this logic has
been replaced with Application S p e a k IntegratedCircuits (ASICs)
 Table 1. DPU Comparlson Summary SUMMARY
The equipment used to display information gathered by a
Characteristic Prototype DPU Enhanced DPU tactical, multimode airborne radar system has been described. This
information is conveyed to aircraft personnel by formatting it for
presentation on a lV type display monitor. The display formats for
Number of Modules 10 4 the various radar modes and a discussion of the use of each of the
displayed images were presented.
Number of ASIC Types - 10
The architecture of a Display Processor Unit (DPU) that re-
ceives processed radar signals and formats these signals has been
Total Number of ASlCs - 14
described.- DPU~~vesanimprovementoverpreviousdesigns
in its ability to interpolate data movement between radar system
Maximum ASIC Size (gates) - 21,000 updates. This feature can be used to obtain a lower probability that
the aircraft will be detscted by hostile forces, and it provides more
Volume (cubic feet) 0.7 0.3 image stability during aircraft maneuvers.
Detaileddescriptions are given of the elements that comprise
Weight (pounds) 55 25 the DPU architecture, how these elements implement the various
display modes, and the technology used.
Input Power (watts) 350 110
Future implementations will result in additional cost and size
savings as well as better reliability and maintainability because of
advances in technology. In addition, the advances in radar system
resolutioncapabilitywill motivatethe useof higherresolutiondisplays
and color monitors.
in the VHSIC design. The ASlCs interface to the memory devices References
directly without the need for buffer chips or terminating resistor
networks. The ASlCs also offer the capability for additional features 1. Joseph W. lanniello,
and functions with improved test features. Boundary scan test "Airborne Radar Sensor and Display Processing,'
techniques can eliminate the need for external test equipment to IEEUAIAA 7th DASC Proceedings, pp 469-474:
isolate faults. October 1986.
Advanced radar processing techniques have been developed 2. Joseph W. lanniello and Janice V. And,
that improve the radar map's resolution by an order of magnitude. 'A kltimode Radar Signal Processor,'
The use of higher resolution displays will help aircraft personnelfully IEEUAIAA 9th DASC Proceedings; pp 601-615:
exploit this capability. Also under consideration, is the use of color October 1990.
monitorsto add increasedchrityto this highresolution presentation.
Modificationsto the DPU design to enable the higher resolution and Acknowledgments
d o r capabilities are straight forward. The advances in digital
technology make it possible to add these new capabilitieswithin the TheauthorswishtoacknowledgeJohnGailhardwhodeveloped
same size as existing equipment. the DPU system architecture and requirements.

374