Section A:

a) Find the Z- parameters of the op-amp circuit in figure a.1.1. Obtain the transmission
parameters for the circuit shown in figure a.1.1.

A IA

I3

IB
P1 B P2

Figure A.a.1.1: (Op-amp circuit)

To find the Z-parameters for the above given circuit:

According to the golden rules:

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By using:

Consider path :

Consider path :

Therefore:

Substitute the value of in to equation of (2):

( )

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Now the Z- parameters:

From equation (1) get:

From equation (3) get:

When

From equation (1) and (3) respectively:

When

since

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 |

From equation (3):

When

To find the transmission (t) parameters using the z parameters

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b) Find the “t” parameters for cascaded network shown in figure b.1.2 and compare
the result using “Matlab” or any computational mathematics software.

x y

𝐼 𝐼𝑋
X

𝑉 P1 𝑉𝑋
P2

Figure A.b.1.2: (Cascaded network)

By using KVL on node X:

Consider path :

Consider path :

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|

( )

( )

( )

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 𝐼𝑌 Y 𝐼

P1 P2

𝑉𝑌 𝑉

Figure A.b.1.3: (Cascaded network)

KCL is used at node Y:

Find the t parameters for network 3 using its definitions and equation (3) and (4):

( )

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 |

( )

* + [ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ]

[ ] * +

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The MATLAB simulation of above matrix calculation (Simulated by MATLAB version of
7.6.0):

Figure A.b.1.4: (MATLAB simulation of above matrix calculation 7.6.0)

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Section B:

a) Design a simple resistance symmetrical π attenuator to have with

attenuation of 30dB. Simulate the above designed attenuator using any electronics
simulation software.

Therefore the N is:

By assuming:

( )

, Then the above values are rewriting:

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To find the :

To find the :

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By simulate circuit with above value of :
R1

15.796k V

R3 R4
V1
V
1.065k 1.065k RL
VOFF = 0 1k
VAMPL = 50
FREQ = 1k
AC =

R0 = RL and R3 = R4 = R2

Figure B.a: (Simulated diagram, graph and value)

The input voltage is 49.995V and the output voltage is 1.5807 V according to the graph of
the simulation values.

Therefore the gain of the circuit:

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Section C:

Task: 01

1.1 Assume that the trapezoidal voltage function in figure 1 is applied to the circuit
shown in figure04. If , estimate the average power
delivered to the 2Ω resister. Hint (apply four series)

Figure C.1.1.1: (Trapezoidal voltage function)

Figure C.1.1.2: (Circuit for trapezoidal voltage function graph)

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 ( )
{

To find the Fourier series of V (t):

Since the area above the vertical axis is equal to the area below it, therefore

This wave is symmetrical around the origin therefore the Fourier series of this doesn’t
contain Cosin terms.

Further it is type of a function. Hence the Fourier series of it has only

odd harmonics.

Since the wave has quarter wave symmetry the expression for is as follows,

∫ ( )

[ ]

∫( ) ( ) ∫ ( )

[ ]

[( ( ) ( )) ( ( )) ]

[ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )]

[ ( ) ( )]

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Here, ( ) where n is an integer:

Therefore:

[ ( )]

For odd values of n,

Therefore the Fourier series:

√ √ √
( ) ( ) ( )

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By conceder the first and fifth harmonics to calculate the average power dissipation of the
resistor:

If the frequency of the harmonic is :

Therefore:

If the total impedance of the circuit is :

√ ( )

For the first harmonic:

√ ( )

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For the fifth harmonic:

√ ( )

To find the maximum current according to each voltage harmonic:

( ) ( )

Therefore:

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By apply the :

For the first harmonic:

For the second harmonic:

Therefore:

* +

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 The Amplitude of voltage decreases and the frequency increases with the harmonic
number. Due to that the impedance increases and the maximum current due to each
harmonic decreases rapidly as compared above.

By consider from the first harmonic only to calculate the average power.

If the average power dissipation is :

By applying :

( )
√

( )
√

The periodic time of the first harmonic is T, therefore the average power dissipation
is .

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1.2 The periodic triangular wave voltage seen on Figure C.1.1.3 is applied to the
circuit shown in figure 06. Derive the first three – non zero terms in the Fourier series
that represents the steady state voltage if and period of the
input voltage is .

Figure C.1.2.1: (Periodic triangular wave voltage graph)

Figure C.1.2.2: (Circuit of periodic triangular wave voltage graph)

Input voltage:

∑ ( ) ( )

∑ ( )

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Therefore the input voltage:

The output voltage:

And

By applying the above values:

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Inputs and outputs are:

Therefore the series:

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Section D: The current and voltage at the terminals of the inductor in the circuit in figure-08
are given below.

Figure D.1.: (R.L Circuit)

a) Find the numerical values for Vs, R, Io and L.

By getting as the equation:

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 Then:

Therefore:

To find the R:

Therefore:

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To find the L:

To find the :

Therefore:

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2 How many milliseconds after the switch has been close does the energy stored in
the inductor for reach 9J?

By using the above equation:

[ ]

Therefore:

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Therefore:

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 References
 Electrical and electronic principles lecturer handout of Eng. Ruwan Fernando.(Msc,
BEng(Hons)), lecturer at ICBT-Mount campus Engineering faculty

 John Bird BSc(Hons), (2007). Electrical and Electronic Principles. 3rd ed. London:
Newnes.

 John Hiley, K. B. (2008). HUGHES Electrical and Electronic Technology. india: Dorling
Kindersley.

 Robbins, A. H. (2007). Circuit Analysis. New Delhi: Cengage Learning India Private
Limited.

 John Bird, BSc (Hons), CMath, CEng, CSci, (2010). Higher Engineering Mathematics.
6th ed. UK: Elsevier Ltd..

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