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VoLTE call flow and procedures is very big area to cover because of the
many scenarios to consider from both UE and network perspective.
In this article I will try to put some examples of VoLTE call flow from UE
point of view. These procedures are the most important for VOLTE calls.
From the UE’s point of view the initial step is to camp on the network and
read system information in the form of Master Information Blocks (MIBs)
and System Information Blocks (SIBs). Once that information has been
processed the UE can initiate its own processes.
EPS Attach for VoIP and Defa
Let’s discuss how UE attach to network after camping on and how default
bearer is created for IMS services. We are discussing the whole procedure
from UE point of view. This process consists of some important sub-
procedures as follows:
PDN Connectivity
Authentication
Bearer Setup and EPS Attach
P-SCCF Discovery
PDN Connectivity
For example the cause value in RRC Connection Request can be “Mobile
Originated Signalling” or “Emergency”. If there is no problem in the network
then network or eNodeB will respond with RRC Connection Setup
message. This message contains signalling radio bearer information and is
transmitted over downlink DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel) channel.
Authentication
To protect UE and network from security and man in the middle attacks all
UEs in the network need to be checked and secured before they can use
any network resources. To begin this process network sendAuthentication
Request message or a challenge to make sure the UE is a valid entity. In
response UE sends Authentication Response.
After that network sends Security Mode Command to UE. IT is also good to
know that Security Mode Command is integrity protected. This message
carries vital information on ciphering. In response UE sends Security Mode
Complete message.
Bearer Setup
At this point network must set up additional bearers to carry out IMS VoLTE
call. To establish EPS bearer network sends Radio Bearer
Reconfigurationmessage. UE responds with Radio Bearer
Reconfiguration Completemessage.
P-CSCF Discovery
Before sending any Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) requests, the UE must
perform “P-CSCF Discovery”, the process of identifying (by address) the
correct Proxy-Call Session Control Function (P-CSCF). The P-CSCF
address may be discovered in one of three different ways:
SIP Registration
After UE finishes radio procedures and it establishes radio bearers UE can
start SIP registration towards the IMS for VoLTE call.
QCI parameter generally targets a specific service type based on delay and
packet loss requirements. For VoLTE call the bearer is associated with QCI
value from row 1 as described in the following table.