Math210E First Order Differential Equations 1

Verify by substitution that each given function is a solution of the given differential equation.
y 00 = 9y ; y1 = e3x ; y2 = e−3x

y 00 + y = 3 cos 2x ; y1 = cos x − cos 2x ; y2 = sin x − cos 2x

1
x2 y 00 + xy 0 − y = ln x ; y1 = x − ln x ; y2 = − ln x
x

1
y 0 + 2xy 2 = 0 ; y =
1 + x2

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 2

Solve the following differential equations.

dy
= 2x sec y (y = arcsin(x2 + c))
dx

(x+y) y 0 = x−y (x2 −2x y−y 2 = c)

√ √
2x y 0 +y = 10 x (y = 5 x+cx−1/2 )

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 3

Solve the following differential equations.

x2 y 0 = xy + y 2 (y = x/(c − ln |x|))

x y 0 = 2y + x3 cos x (y = x2 (sin x + c))

x y 0 +6y = 3x y 4/3 (y = (x+cx2 )−3 )

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 4

Solve the following differential equations.

y 0 + y cot x = cos x (y = (1/2) sin x + c csc x)

(2x sin y cos y) y 0 = 4x2 + sin2 y (sin2 y = 4x2 + cx)

(x2 + 1) (tan y) y 0 = x (y = (x3/2 + c)2 )

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 5

Solve the following differential equations.

dy
y3 = (y 4 + 1) cos x (ln(y 4 + 1) = c + 4 sin x)
dx

2x y 0 + y 3 e−2x = 2x y (y 2 = e2x /(c + ln x))

√
xy y 0 = y 2 + x 4x2 + y 2 (4x2 + y 2 = x2 (ln x + c)2 )

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 6

Solve the following differential equations.

2 2
y 0 − 2x y = ex (y = (x + c) ex )

x2 y 0 = x y + x2 ey/x (y = −x ln(c − ln x))

(2x y 2 + 3x2 ) dx + (2x2 y + 4y 3 ) dy = 0 (x3 + x2 y 2 + y 4 = c)

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 7

Solve the following differential equations.

√ √
y 2 (x y 0 +y) 1 + x4 = x (2x3 y 3 = 3 1 + x4 +c)

dy
(1 − x2 ) − 2y = 0 (y = c(1 + x)/(1 − x))
dx

dy
(x+y ey ) =1 (x = ey (c+(1/2)y 2 ))
dx

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 8

Solve the following differential equations.

ex +y exy +(ey +x eyx ) y 0 = 0 (ex +ey +exy = c)

(1+2x y) y 0 = 1+y 2 (x = (1/2)(y+(1+y 2 )(arctan y+c)))

3y+x3 y 4 +3x y 0 = 0 (y = x−1 (c+ln x)−1/3 )

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 9

Solve the following differential equations.

x+y
(x+tan−1 y) dx+ dy = 0 (x2 +2x tan−1 y +ln(1+y 2 ) = c)
1 + y2

√
x y 0 = y + 2 xy (y = x(c + ln |x|)2 )

x2 y 0 = 1−x2 +y 2 −x2 y 2 (y = tan(c−(1/x)−x))

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 10

Solve the following differential equations.

x2 y 0 + 2x y = 5y 4 (y 3 = 7x/(7c x7 + 15))

(y exy cos 2x−2exy sin 2x+2x) dx+(x exy cos 2x−3) dy = 0 (exy cos 2x+x2 −3y = c)

(ex sin y+tan y) dx+(ex cos y+x sec2 y) dy = 0 (ex sin y+x tan y = c)

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 11

Solve the following differential equations.

x (x + y) y 0 + y (3x + y) = 0 (x2 (2x y + y 2 ) = c)

3x y 2 y 0 = 3x4 + y 3 (y = (x4 + cx)1/3 )

y 0 + y 2 sin x = 0 (3y −1 + cos x = c (y 6= 0) , y = 0)

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 12

Solve the following differential equations.

y
( + 6x) dx + (ln x − 2) dy = 0 (y ln x + 3x2 − 2y = c)
x

dy 4x2 y − y 3
= 3 (c |x| = |y|1/3 x2 /(3x2 + y 2 )7/6 )
dx x − 2x y 2

q
x2 y 0 +2x y−y 3 = 0 (y = ∓ 5x/(2 + 5cx5 ))

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 13

Solve the following initial value problems.

y 0 = 3x2 (y 2 +1) , y(0) = 1 (y = tan(x3 +(π/4)))

√
(9x2 + y − 1) dx − (4y − x) dy = 0 , y(1) = 0 (y = (x − 24x3 + x2 − 8x − 16)/4)

x y 0 − y = x , y(1) = 7 (y = x (7 + ln x))

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 14

Solve the following initial value problems.

dy 2x y
= 2 , y(1) = −2 (|y| |y + x| |y − x| = 6)
dx 3y − x2

dy 2 2 /2
(x2 + 1) + 3x3 y = 6x e−3x /2 , y(0) = 1 (y = e−3x (3(x2 + 1)3/2 − 2))
dx

sin x
y 0 + (sin x) y = , y(π) = 0 (ln |1 − y 2 | = − cos x − 1)
y

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 15

Solve the following initial value problems.

√
(2x−y) dx+(2y−x)dy = 0 , y(1) = 3 (y = (x+ 28 − 3x2 )/2)

dy 2 −1
x − y = 2x2 y , y(1) = 1 (y = x ex ))
dx

x y 0 + y − y 2 = 0 , y(−1/2) = 1/2 (ln |y −1 − 1| = ln(2|x|))

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 16

Solve the following initial value problems.

dy x2 + xy + y 2
= , y(1) = 0 (arctan(y/x) − ln |x| = 0)
dx x2

(ex sin y − 2y sin x) dx + (ex cos y + 2 cos x) dy = 0 , y(0) = π (ex sin y + 2y cos x = −2π)

x y 0 = 3y + x4 cos x , y(2π) = 0 (y = x3 sin x)

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 17

Solve the following initial value problems.

dy
= 6e2x−y , y(0) = 0 (y = ln(3e2x − 2))
dx

√ 2 /4 √ 2 /4
ex (y 0 −2xe−x y)+x y = 0 , y(0) = 1 (ex y = 4ex −3)

dy 2x y
= 2 , y(0) = 1 (|y| (3y 2 + x2 ) = 3)
dx x − 3y 2

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 18

Solve the following initial value problems.

dy
= 2x y 2 + 3x2 y 2 , y(1) = −1 (y = 1/(1 − x2 − x3 ))
dx

√ 3/2 3/2
y0 + x − 1 y = e−(x−1) y −1/2 , y(1) = 1 (e(x−1) y 3/2 = (3x − 1)/2)

y cos x q
y0 + 2 = 2 , y(π) = 0 (y = (x2 + 1)/2)
x x

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 19

Solve the following initial value problems.

dy x √
2y =√ 2 , y(5) = 2 (y 2 = 1 + x2 − 16)
dx x − 16

x (y 0 + y − 1) + y = 0 , y(ln 2) = 1 (y = (x − 1 + 2e−x )/x)

√ q
y2 1 − x2 dy = arcsin x dx , y(0) = 0 ( 3 3(arcsin x)2 /2)

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 20

Use a suitable substitution to convert the following into a homogeneous differential equation.
dy 2y − x + 7
= ((x + 3y + 3)5 = c(y − x − 5))
dx 4x − 3y − 18

dy x + 3y − 5
= (2(x − 2)/(x + y − 3) + ln |x + y − 3| = c , y = 3 − x)
dx x−y−1

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 21

Use the substitution v = ey to solve the following differential equations.

x ey y 0 = 2 (ey + x3 e2x ) (y = ln(cx2 + x2 e2x ))

(x + ey ) y 0 = x e−y − 1 (x2 − 2x ey − e2y = c)

dy 1
= y (2ey x = e2y + c)
dx e −x

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 22

dy q
Find a general solution and any singular solutions of the differential equation = y y 2 − 1.
dx
√ 2
Determine the points (a, b) for which the initial value problem y 0 = y y − 1 , y(a) = b has
a) no solution b) a unique solution c) infinitely many solutions.
(y = ∓ sec(x − c) , sing. sol. ∓ 1 , a) |b| < 1 , b) |b| ≥ 1 , c) b = ∓1)

dy
Find a general solution and any singular solutions of the differential equation = y 2 . Determine
dx
the points (a, b) for which the initial value problem y 0 = y 2 , y(a) = b has a unique solution.
(y = −1/(x − c) , sing. sol. y = 0 , un. sol. everywhere)

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 23

Solve the following 2nd order differential equations. Assume x, y and/or y 0 positive where helpful.
y y 00 + (y 0 )2 = 0 (x = ay 2 + b)

y y 00 = 3(y 0 )2 (ay 2 (b − x) = 1)

y 00 = (x + y 0 )2 (y = ln | sec(x + a)| − (x2 /2) + b)

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 24

Solve the following 2nd order differential equations. Assume x, y and/or y 0 positive where helpful.
x2 y 00 + 3x y 0 = 2 (y = ln x + ax−2 + b)

2y 00 + y 0 = e−x (y = ae−x + b − xe−x )

y 00 + y (y 0 )3 = 0 ((y 3 /3) − 2ay + b = 2x , y = c)

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Math210E First Order Differential Equations 25

Solve the following 2nd order initial value problems.

y 00 − 3y 2 = 0 ; y(0) = 2 , y 0 (0) = 4 (y = 2(1 − x)−2 )

(1 + x2 ) y 00 + 2x y 0 + 3x−2 = 0 ; y(1) = 2 , y 0 (1) = −1

(y = 3 ln x − (3/2) ln(x2 + 1) − 5 arctan x + 2 + (3/2) ln 2 + (5π/4))

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