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Technical Workshop:
Ocean Transport
Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
Ocean Transport
OCEAN TRANSPORT
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Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
Ocean Transport
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Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
Ocean Transport
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Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
Ocean Transport
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Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
Ocean Transport
Shipping
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Ocean Transport
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Ocean Transport
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Ocean Transport
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Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
Ocean Transport
1978: M.V. “Trifels” of DDG Hansa with two 320 mt Stuelcken derricks
1980: DDG Hansa went bankrupt, leaving Mammoet Shipping and Jumbo Shipping
as the only remaining heavy lift lo/lo specialists of importance in that time
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Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
Ocean Transport
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Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
Ocean Transport
- direct
- via shipbroker
- open tender
- fixing/booking note
- contract of carriage
- Bimco heavyliftvoy ( standard contract type)
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Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
Ocean Transport
Shipping terms
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Ocean Transport
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Ocean Transport
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Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
Ocean Transport
Stowage plan
- total volume to be accommodated
- broken stowage factor
- weight and dimension of each individual unit
- deck option
- stackability
- weight distribution
- acceleration forces
- hazardous items
- cargo protection
- hot work areas
- friction
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Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
Ocean Transport
Situation:
100 ton module on wooden skids standing on a steel ship's deck with 15 degrees list
Question:
does it shift or not ?
FS = sliding force
Fs FG = gravity force
FF FP = perpendicular force
FF = friction force
FP
FG 15
Fs
FF
Phi = friction coefficient
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Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
Ocean Transport
Loading sequence
- chronological cargo delivery
- reducing frequent rigging changes
- eventual discharge sequence
- defined stowage positions
- day/night work preference
- stackability
Rigging/lifting plan
- lifting positions
- available lifting height of the crane(s)
- expected tidal effects during the lifting operation
- quay height
- required outreach
- position CoG (Center of Gravity) of the cargo
- lifting and/or spreader bar requirement
- expected sling/grommet forces
- stability of the lift
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Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
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.COG
stable
. COG
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. COG
unstable
. COG
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Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
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.COG
(just) stable
. COG
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Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
Ocean Transport
LIFTING BEAM
. COG
LIFTING BEAM
. COG stable
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Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
Ocean Transport
LIFTING BEAM
.COG
LIFTING BEAM
. COG
unstable
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Ocean Transport
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Rigging/lifting materials
- lifting beam
- spreader
- sling
- grommet
- shackle
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Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
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Sling
Grommet
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Diameter/diameter ratio
Bending a wire reduces the strength
Eb = 1 – 0.5/ √D/d
Eb = bending efficiency
D = Diameter pin (or object)
d = diameter wire
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Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
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Important !
This reduction is for the MBL and not for the
WLL
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Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
Ocean Transport
Design Factor
- wear
- abrasion
- damage
- variations in the loads
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Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
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Sling force
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LIFTING BEAM
Sling force
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LIFTING BEAM
note: own weight of slings, shackles and beam is ignored in this calculation
sling force
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sling force
SPREADER BEAM
sling force
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Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
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SPREADER BEAM
note: own weight of slings, shackles and beam is ignored in this calculation
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TRANSFERING WATER
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Crane simulations
- free passage of ships construction parts
- free passage of other cargo objects
- available lifting height at several positions
- critical crane positions for MG calculations
- matching clients’ required installation work
- positioning onto trailer, barge or quay
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CRANE 1 CRANE 2
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. COG
. COG
15 meter 10 meter
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10/25 x 500 = 200 ton 15/25 x 500 = 300 ton cosinus 35 = 150 ton / sling force
0
35
. COG . COG
15 meter 10 meter
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worst-case scenario
- crane jibs in highest position
- (unfavorable) ballast conditions during transfer
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Ship stability
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Archimedes
287 BC - 212 BC
Generally regarded as the greatest mathematician and scientist of antiquity and one of the three greatest
mathematicians of all time
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Archimedes' principle indicates that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether
fully or partially submerged, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces
Heavy Lift Technical Workshop:
Ocean Transport
.G
.B
G = Center of Gravity
B = Center of Buoyancy
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longitudinal stability
transverse stability
Longitudinal stability
- trim
- hogging
- sagging
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Transverse initial
static stability for
lists of < 7 degrees
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(M)etacenter
Metacenter is the point where lines
intersect of upward force of buoyancy
and the center line of the ship (virtual
transverse rotation point of the ship)
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.M
.G
.B
M = Metacenter
G = Center of Gravity
B = Center of Buoyancy
.M
.G
.B MG = MK - GK
MK = MB + BK
. K(keel)
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MK = MB + BK
3
1 LXW 1
MB = BK = D
12 L X W X D 2
L = LENGTH
W = WIDTH
D = DRAFT
3
60 x 10
MB = = 4.17 meter BK = 1/2 x 2 = 1 meter
12 x 60 x 10 x 2
.
M
BARGE
. G BARGE
draft: 2 meter
. B
.
K
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Moment equation
Moment = Force x distance
Moments = 0
seesaw in ballance 60 x d2 - 150 x 2 = 0
person left is 150 kg 60 x d2 = 150 x 2
person right is 60 kg 60 x d2 = 300
d1 = 2 mtr
d2 = ? mtr d2 = 300 : 60 = 5 mtr
.
G LOAD
BARGE
. G BARGE
LOAD (homogeneous)
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(1200 x 3) + (250 x 7)
G’K = = 3.69 meter
(1200 + 250)
.G LOAD
BARGE
.
LOAD (homogeneous)
B
weight: 250 ton
. K
dimension: 5 x 5 x 2 meter
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TRANSVERSE
DYNAMIC STABILITY
.M
(heel)angle
Z. .G
.B
M = Metacenter
G = Center of Gravity
B = Center of Buoyancy
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Overturning forces
- wind
- waves
- flooding (due to damage)
- cargo shifting
- abrupt change of course
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Acceleration calculations
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Lashing calculations
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Lashing type
- push-pull bar
- stoppers
- shear plate
- wire lashing system
- lashing chain
- lashing belt
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Safetrans program
calculates the maximum expected accelerations for
a certain duration of the voyage in a designated sea
area in order to simplify securing requirements
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Process safety
- visually inspect the entire gear, spooling devices, sheaves, swivels
- prevent slipping of wires over bollards / hook during rigging
- run the bight of grommets over the ram and never around the shaft
- secure all other cargo items, stacked pontoons, equipment, etc.
- ‘clean’ the deck and organize / remove all loose items in the area
- always start with fully charged radios
- slightly slack the breast lines
- check ballast system, tank soundings and capacities
- never exceed the WLL (Working Load Limit)
- decide on a cut-off time, considering darkness and weather condition
- only necessarily required persons on board (ballast water on one side)
- determine dangerous locations
- reduce disturbing noise (forklifts, trucks, trailers, ventilation fans)
- safety/toolbox meeting
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Personal safety
- wear protective clothing, helmet, safety shoes, harness, gloves, goggles
- be aware of the dangerous areas, especially during heavy lift movements
- strictly follow the instructions from the ship’s management
- never step backwards on a ship’s deck without carefully watching
- never walk underneath a load
- never run on a ship’s deck
- never enter a hold or enclosed space without a ship’s representative
- stay away from any welding/grinding work
- during a heavy lift operation stay on the quay at a safe distance
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